2017-2018学年北师大版高中英语选修6
全册教学案
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．victim a．to happen or take place
2．gather b．feeling of pity or sorrow
3．burst c．to save something or someone from
being harmed or destroyed
4．occur d．someone who sees an event and
reports what happened
5．witness e．to leave someone who needs or counts
on you
6．abandon f．to bring things together that have
been spread around
7．preserve g．to shake involuntarily from fear, cold or weakness, etc.
8．tremble h．to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside 9．sympathy i．person that is injured as the result of carelessness, crime or misfortune 答案：1.i 2.f 3.h 4.a 5.d 6.e7.c8.g9.b
Ⅱ.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词
10．fantasy n．想象物，幻想作品→fantastic adj.富于想象力的
11．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说
12．particularly ad v.特别地；特定地，尤其→particular adj.特别的
13．loss n．遗失，丢失→loser n．输者，败者
14．authentic adj.原作的，真正的→author n．作者
15．characteristic adj.典型的→character n．特点，特性
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．come into view出现
2．knock sb.over撞倒某人
3．once upon a time 从前
4．block out堵住
5．leave an ... impression on sb. 给某人留下某种印象
6．in a way 从某种程度上说
7．on one's side 侧身
8．split up断绝关系，分成小部分
9．on the/one's way to 在去……的路上
1．Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
[句式分析]句中的coming down ..., blocking out ... and burying ...为现在分词短语作定语，修饰cloud。
[佳句赏析]树下有两个人，站着、谈论着什么。
There are two men standing under the tree and talking about something.
2. Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。
[句式分析]本句为主从复合句，Another man looks ... 是主句，as if引导表语从句，意为“好像……”。
[佳句赏析]云在聚集，天看上去要下雨了。
Clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
3．However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人们的轮廓像则更使得这座城市成为人类历史的纪念碑。
[句式分析]本句是一个含有定语从句的强调句，强调的是the forms of the people; who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
As we know, there are many stories from history and do you know the ruins in the picture? Can you tell some historical stories about it?
参考答案：
ItisabouttheLoulanancientkingdom.LoulanisanancienttownfoundedinthesecondcenturyBConthenorth-easte rnedgeoftheTaklamakandesert.LoulanwasanancientkingdomalongChina'sSilkRoadinXinjiang.TheruinsofL oulanareonwhatwerethewesternbanksofLopNur.Thereasonwhyitcameintoruinsisstillamysteryandmanyopini onsdifferforit.
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The ancient city of Pompeii disappeared as a result of .
A．a flood B．a big earthquake
C．a volcanic eruption D．a snowstorm
2．If you visit Pompeii today, you can NOT see in the streets.
A．ancient architectures
B．decorated statues and walls
C．authentic objects
D．the ashes of the city
3．The passage mainly talks about .
A．the story of the city of Pompeii
B．the ancient architectures of Rome
C．the effects of the volcanic eruption
D．an important historical discovery
答案：1～3CDA
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.
Pompeii: The city that became a time capsule
随着我们驱车前行，美丽的山谷出现在眼前。
Mount Blue now has come into view, and I enjoy the grand landscape ahead.
蓝山已进入视野，我欣赏着眼前的壮丽景色。
come into fashion开始流行
come into being/existence 形成，产生
come into power 执政，当权
come into force 开始实施
come into effect 开始生效
Long skirts have come into fashion again.
长裙又流行起来了。
Do you know when life came into existence (exist) bon the earth?
你知道地球上的生命是什么时候产生的吗？
[名师指津]come 构成的上述短语多数没有被动语态；come into ...表示“进入(某种状态)，开
始(某种活动)”。
用come into短语的适当形式填空
①The lake cameintoview as we turned the corner.
②The agreement will comeintoforce next spring.
③A contract will comeintoeffect as soon as it is signed.
④When did that style of dress comeintofashion?
⑤The Labor Party cameintopower in 1945.
林小姐被辆汽车撞倒了。
knock ...down击倒；撞倒(强调“撞伤”)
knock at/on 敲打，敲击
knock ...out (of) 击败，使淘汰出(……)
knock into sb. 撞到某人身上
Knock at the door before you enter.
你进去之前要先敲门。
The American team was knocked out in the first round.
美国队在首场就被淘汰出局。
1．介、副词填空
①He knocked down his opponent three times in the first round.
②You have knocked over my ink, spilling it everywhere.
③You can't avoid knocking into a wall when you are walking in the darkness.
④Indiana knocked Kentucky outof the tournament.
2．完成句子
⑤法国队将比利时队淘汰出欧洲杯足球赛了。
France knocked Belgium out of the European Cup.
⑥这个醉酒司机撞伤了一位老人。
The drunk driver knockeddown an old man.
救援人员已放弃了能找到更多幸存者的所有希望。
I'm considering abandoning smoking soon.
我在考虑很快戒烟。
At the sad news, he abandoned himself to despair.
听到这悲惨的消息，他陷入了绝望之中。
(1)abandon sb./sth.放弃某人/某物
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.
沉溺于/纵情于(做)某事
(2)abandon n. 尽情；放纵
with abandon 放任地；放纵地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，抛弃的；自我放任的
There was an abandoned house by the riverside.
河边有一所废弃的房子。
People jumped and shouted with abandon.
人们尽情地跳着喊着。
完成句子
①From Jame's face, I could see he was terrified of
beingabandonedbyus (被我们遗弃)．
②People were shouting and cheeringwithabandon (纵情欢呼)．
③Her son abandonedhimselftoplaying (沉溺于玩) computer games.
...a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.
……一位叫普利尼的罗马作家描写了他年轻时目睹的一场可怕的火山爆发。
(1)witness sth.目击(睹)某事
witness to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事作证；为(做)某事出庭作证
(2)be (a) witness to sth. 某事的目击者
give witness on behalf of sb.
为某人作证
We have witnessed great changes in our hometown.
我们目睹了家乡的巨大变化。
He witnessed the truth of my statement.
他证明我的陈述属实。
The police found the witness to the murder.
警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。
A taxi driver witnessed tohaving seen the accused enter the building.
一位出租车司机作证说曾看到被告进了那座大楼。
She gave witness onbehalfof an accused person.
她为被告作证。
1．单句改错
①His good health is a witness of the success of the treatment.第一个of→to
②The girl who witnessed the incident decided to call the police.witnessed前加had 2．完成句子
③过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。
The past 30 years haswitnessed China's rapid development.
④我决定亲自出庭为你的案件作证。
I've decided to witnesstoyourcase by myself.
⑤我们有一位该起杀人案的目击者。
We have awitnessto the killing.
The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD.
那次火山爆发发生在公元79年8月24日。
sth. occurred to sb.某人突然想到某事
It occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想到要做某事
It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
I don't want such a thing to occur again.
我不希望再发生这样的事情。
An excellent idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
今早醒来后，我突然想到了一个很棒的主意。
It didn't occur to me to ask you for help.
当时我没有想到向你求助。
It suddenly occured to him that he hadn't locked the door.
他突然想到他没有锁门。
[辨析比较]
选词填空：occur, happen, come about, take place, break out
①I happened to be there when the celebration tookplace.
②A fire brokeout at 9 o'clock last night.
③Didn't it occur to you that he was lying?
④How did the accident comeabout?
In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.
从某种程度上说庞贝古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上一个被封存了的瞬间。in this/that way这样/那样
on the/one's way (to) 在去……的路上；即将要……
in the/one's way 挡道；碍事
by the way 顺便问，顺便说
by way of 经由；通过……的方式
in no way 决不
all the way 一直，始终
under way (计划等)进行中；(船只)航行中
In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes.
从某种程度上说，它是我们所犯的最大错误之一。
You are right in a way, but it's not as simple as that.
在某方面，你是对的，但事情不是那么简单。
He is on his way to ruining himself.
他快要毁了自己了。
[语境串记]By the way, I don't like the book in a way, but in no way could I deal with it in this way.
顺便说一下，我在某种程度上不喜欢这本书，但我决不会用这种方式处理它。
1．用way的相关短语填空
①Inaway, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
②Can you move the box? It's intheway of the door.
③We have to get in the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is ontheway.
④Innoway can sport be considered a luxury object.
⑤Bytheway, what happened to the family then?
2．完成句子
⑥理论决不能脱离实践。
Innoway can theory be separated from practice.
⑦尽管他认为他在帮我们完成这项工作，但实际上他只是在帮倒忙。
Although he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually intheway.
我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。
I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.
我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。
(1)preserve ... from ...保护……免受……
be well preserved 保存(养)得很好
(2)preserve n. 禁猎地，饲养场
preservation n. 保存，保护
We may preserve the majority of the endangered species from extinction.
我们可以保护大多数濒临灭绝的物种免于灭绝。 No hunting is allowed in the preserve . 在这个保护区内不许狩猎。 [辨析比较]
1．选词填空：preserve, defend, protect
①It's the duty of the police to preserve
the public order. ②They got together to protect themselves from the wind. ③Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 2．单句语法填空
④Ancient Egyptians knew how topreserve (preserve) dead bodies from decay (腐烂)． ⑤The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve)． ⑥Oil preserves metal from rust.
As you walk, you will pass people gathered together for protection in their last hours of life. 当你走动的时候，你将发现在生命的最后时刻聚集在一起寻求保护的人们。 People gathered in the hall for the celebration on the eve of the National Day. 国庆节前夕人们聚集在礼堂开庆祝会。 He's gathering materials for a new book. 他正在为一本新书搜集资料。 I'll go home to gather my vegetables. 我要回家收菜。 [辨析比较]
[语境串记]We all gathered together at the gate of the school to collect money for the blind child. 我们都聚在学校门口为这位盲童筹款。
1．选词填空：gather, collect
①The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic and burn it.
②He travels a lot gathering facts about the little-known disease.
③All the students are now gathering on the playground to wait for their school meeting.
④His hobby is collecting stamps.
2．完成句子
⑤昨天上午成千上万的人聚集在大使馆外面。
Thousands of people gatheredoutside the embassy yesterday morning.
⑥他不久便聚合了一大群人在他周围。
He soon gatheredacrowd around him.
The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.
这座大楼因煤气管爆裂而爆炸。
(1)burst in ＝break in闯入
burst into 闯入(住宅)
burst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来
burst forth 突然发生
burst out crying/laughing (＝burst into tears/laughter)
突然哭/笑起来
(2)a burst of 一阵
The door burst open.
门突然开了。
The river has burst its banks.
河水冲垮了堤岸。
The police burst through the door.
警察破门而入。
I had never seen the feelings of being oppressed bursting forth like a fire.
我从来没有看见过那像火一样突然迸发出来的被压抑的情感。
We all burst out laughing on hearing his funny story.
＝We all burst into laughter on hearing his funny story.
听到他有趣的故事，我们都放声大笑起来。
A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束之后接着响起了一阵掌声。
1．单句语法填空
①With the play going on, she burst out singing (sing)．
②He burst into the room while we were studying.
③His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.
2．完成句子
④听到这句话，全班同学都突然大笑起来，我同桌的脸红了。
Hearing this, the whole class burstintolaughter and my deskmate's face turned red.
⑤房地产泡沫破裂，全球金融危机随之而至。
The housing bubble burst and a global financial crisis followed.
1．However, much more than buildings and objects, itistheformsofthepeople who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人们的轮廓像则更使得这座城市成为人类历史的纪念碑。
(1)本句中it is ...that ...为强调结构，who were caught in the disaster为定语从句，修饰the people。
(2)强调结构的用法：
①基本结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
It is Wang Yaping who is China's first teacher in space.
中国的第一位太空教师是王亚平。
It was in Greece that Olympic Competitions firstly started.
奥林匹克运动会是在希腊首次开始举行的。
It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that they should take action to stop pollution.
直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才意识到该采取行动防止污染了。
②一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Was it during the Second World War that he died?
他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗？
③特殊疑问句：Where/When/What ... ＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他？
What was it that made the two men commit the crime?
是什么使这两个人犯罪？
[名师指津](1)强调部分指人时用that/who均可，指物时只用that。
(2)对“not ... until ...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until ... that ...”这一固定句型。
用强调句型强调句中加黑部分
①Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine.
→ItwasTuYouyouwhowonthe2015NobelPrizeforMedicine.
②I didn't go to bed until my mother came.
→ItwasnotuntilmymothercamethatIwenttobed.
③Did I see you last night in the cinema?
→WasityouthatIsawlastnightinthecinema?
④Who does this place belong to?
→Whoisitthatthisplacebelongsto?
2．Another man, lying on his side, looks asif he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。
这是一个主从复合句，Another man looks ...是主句，as if引导表语从句。
It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
她站在门口好像在等人。
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说起话来好像什么都懂似的。
He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.
他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。
It seems as if the meeting would never end.
看起来会议没完没了。
[名师指津](1)当说话者认为所述是真实的或极有可能发生时，as if从句用陈述语气。
(2)当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时，从句用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时(be 用were)；若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
单句语法填空
①Manette stood aside with the lamp in his hand as if he were (be) a statue.
②It looks as if she is (be) really ill.
③He talks about Paris as if he hadbeen (be) there before.
④He opened his mouth as if he wouldsay (say) something.
过去完成时
[语法初识]
[语法剖析]
一、过去完成时的定义、构成与判定
1．过去完成时的定义：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即发生在“过去的过去”的动作或状态。
图示为：
2．过去完成时的构成：
主动形式：had done被动形式：had been done
二、过去完成时的用法
1．表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作即所谓“过去的过去”，或表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。
When we arrived he had already left.
我们到达时他已经离开了。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
①By the time I got up, my brother had already had (have) his breakfast.
②When I got to school, I realized I hadleft (leave) my bag at home.
③She hadworked (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.
④I hadwanted (want) to help but couldn't get here in time.
⑤The pen I thought I hadlost (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.
⑥By the end of last month he hadworked (work) in Shanghai for twenty years.
2．用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去了。
3．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend 等动词。
He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy.
他本来打算亲自来看你，但他太忙了。
①她说她在那之前看过那部电影。
Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.
②The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized he had forgotten to write down his name.
他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字了。
③我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。
Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuttheydidn'tletusgo.
④I had intended I would go to pick you up at the airport, but I was too busy.
我本来打算亲自去机场接你们，但我太忙了。
4．用于状语从句和某些特殊句型中。
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
完成作业后，他才上床睡觉的。
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天来的话，你就见到他了。
This was the first time he had ever been late.
这是他第一次迟到。(类似It was the first time that ...后的从句谓语要用过去完成时)
He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.
他一到，天就下起雪来了。(hardly ... when的主句谓语要用过去完成时)
[名师指津]有时before, after引导时间状语从句，主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，时间先后不明显，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
关上门后，他离开了教室。
3－1.单句改错
①When we arrived he had already left for three days.left→beenaway
②No sooner did he leave the room than they began to talk about him.did→had;leave→left
③By six o'clock he has worked twelve hours.has→had
3－2.句型转换
①As soon as we got to New York, we entered a different world.
→We had no sooner got to New York than we entered a different world.
②She had hardly finished her homework when she went to bed.
→Hardly had she finished her homework when she went to bed.
3－3.完成句子
①(那时)我们离开那座城市已有三年。
It was three years since we hadleft the city.
②我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。
We hadnosoonersetout than a thunderstorm broke.
③那是那一年里他第三次失业。
It was the third time that he hadbeen out of work that year.
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
昨天到10点为止他们才到达车站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
昨天10点他们到达车站。
2．在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first prize in the composition competition.
她很高兴。她的所有家人对她也很满意。在作文比赛中她刚拿了第一名。
[名师指津]当两个或两个以上连接发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
他走进房间，打开灯，读起晚报来。
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语，而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。
She had been ill for a week before she came back.
在回来之前，她病了一周了。
She has been ill for a week.
她已经病了一周了。
4－1.判断正(T)误(F)
①He has come to Beijing since last year.(F)
②He said he had served in the army for 3 years.(T)
③It is 3 years since he joined the army.(T)
4－2.完成句子
①Marx wrote back telling Engels that hispraisehadgreatlyencouragedhim (他的表扬极大地鼓励了他)．
②I arrived late; I hadn'texpected (没有预料到) the road to be so icy.
③By the time I got up, my sister hadalreadywashedalltheclothes (已洗完了所有衣服)．
④She said that she hadlearnedEnglish (学英语) for years since she came to our school.
4－3.翻译句子
①到昨天晚上，消息已传遍全球。Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.
②我们到电影院晚了，电影已经开始十分钟了。
Wereachedthecinemalate.Thefilmhadalreadybeenonfortenminutes.
③我到现在一直没收到她的来信。
Ihaven'theardfromhertillnow.
[应用实战]
一、链接高考
单句语法填空
1．(2015·安徽高考) Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I hadleft (leave) my book in the cafe. 2．(2015·湖南高考) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I asked (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”
3．(辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he hadhad (have) it for a very long time.
4．(新课标卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I havechanged (change) my mind. 5．(安徽高考)I'm calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
6．(四川高考)—What a mistake!
—Yes, I hadsuggested (suggest) his doing it another way, but without success.
7．(江西高考)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody hadbroken (break) into the office during the night.
8．(福建高考)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they hadreceived (receive) from China.
二、针对演练
单句语法填空
1．Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he hadtravelled (travel) abroad. 2．In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby hadbeenpulled (pull) down before the firemen arrived.
3．His brother is a teacher now, but he worked (work) in a company for 3 years.
4．— How long had they known ( know) each other before they got (get) married?