Lesson One
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
Teaching Objectives:
?Enable the students to get a better understanding of the text.
?Help the students master the language points.
?Help the students improve their English through classroom communication and
after-class exercises.
Teaching Points
?I. Background information
?II. Introduction to the passage
?III. Structural analysis
?III. Text analysis
?IV. Rhetorical devices
?V. Questions for discussion
Teaching Steps
?I. Pre-reading activities
?Ask the students questions about strong winds and give background information.
?II. Structural analysis
?Discuss the structure of the text.
I. Background Information
?Three tropical storms:
?1) Typhoons
?2) Cyclones
?3) Hurricanes
?1)Such storms over the North Pacific west of the International Date Line (国际日期变更线)
or occurring over the West Pacific Ocean and China Seas are called Typhoons.
?Typhoons are tropical cyclones that form in the west Pacific. The name comes from the
Chinese term Tai Fung, meaning Great wind.
Typhoons are given serial numbers:
?Typhoon 1,
?Typhoon 2,
?Typhoon 3,
?Typhoon 4,
?Typhoon 5,
?Typhoon 6,
?Typhoon 7……
?2) Cyclones
Those over the Indian Ocean are called tropical cyclones (旋风, 龙卷风).
3)Hurricanes:
?Hurricane, name given to violent storms that originate over the tropical or subtropical
waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or North Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line.
?Hurricane is a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles (121 kilometers per hour). The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the North Atlantic Ocean.
?The National Weather Service of the United States has used girls‘ names to identify
hurricanes in the Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico since 1953 and the names were given in alphabetical order. Hurricane season begins June 1 and ends Nov. 30.
?Hurricane A (Ann),
?Hurricane B (Belinda/ Betsy)
?Hurricane C (Camile),
?Hurricane D (Daisy/Diana)
?Hurricane E (Emily/Eve)
?Hurricane F ……
i) How Hurricanes Form
?Tropical cyclones form and grow over warm ocean water, drawing their energy from latent
heat. Latent heat is the energy released when water vapor is rising hot, humid air
condenses into clouds and rain. As warmed air rises, more air flows into the area where the air is rising, creating wind. The Earth’s rotation causes the wind to follow a curved path over the ocean, which helps give tropical cyclones their circular appearance.
?Hurricanes and tropical cyclones form, maintain their strength, and grow only when they
are over ocean water that is approximately 27°C (80°F). Such warmth causes large amounts of water to evaporate, making the air very humid. This warm water requirement accounts for the existence of tropical cyclone seasons, which occur generally during a hemisphere‘s summer and autumn.
?Because water is slow to warm up and cool down, oceans do not become warm enough for
tropical cyclones to occur in the spring. Oceans can become warm enough in the summer for hurricanes to develop, and the oceans also retain summer heat through the fall. As a result, the hurricane season in the Atlantic Basin, which comprises the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, runs from June 1 through November 30.
?At least 25 out-of-season storms, however, have occurred from 1887 through 2003, and 9
of these strengthened into hurricanes for at least a few hours. Hurricanes weaken and die out when cut off from warm, humid air as they move over cooler water or land but can remain dangerous as they weaken.
?Hurricanes and other tropical cyclones begin as disorganized clusters of showers and
thunderstorms. When one of these clusters becomes organized with its winds making a complete circle around a center, it is called a tropical depression. When a depression‘s sustained winds reach 63 km/h (39 mph) or more, it becomes a tropical storm and is given
a name.
?By definition, a tropical storm becomes a hurricane when winds reach 119 km/h (74 mph)
or more. For a tropical depression to grow into a hurricane, winds from just above the surface of the ocean to more than 12,000 m (40,000 ft) in altitude must be blowing from roughly the same direction and at the same speed. Winds that blow in opposite directions create wind shear—different wind speeds or direction at upper and lower altitudes—that can prevent a storm from growing
ii) Characteristics of Hurricanes
?A hurricane consists of bands of thunderstorms that spiral toward the low
pressure center, or ―eye‖ of the storm. Winds also spiral in toward the center, speeding up as they approach the eye. Large thunderstorms create an ―eye wall‖ around the center where winds are the strongest. Winds in the eye itself are nearly calm, and the sky is often clear.
?In a large, strong storm, hurricane-force winds may be felt over an area with a diameter of
more than 100 km (60 m). The diameter of the area affected by gale winds and torrential rain can extend another 200 km (120 m) or more outward from the eye of the storm. The diameter of the eye may be less than 16 km (10 m) in a strong hurricane to more than 48 km (30 m) in a weak storm.
?The smaller the diameter of the eye, the stronger the hurricane winds will be. A hurricane‘s
strength is rated from Category 1, which has winds of at least 119 km/h (74 mph), to Category 5, which has winds of more than 249 km/h (155 mph). These categories, known as the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, were developed in the 1970s.
?In the tropics, hurricanes move generally east to west, steered by global-scale winds.
Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones usually ―recurve‖ in the direction of either the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere or the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere.
Eventually the storms move toward the east in the middle latitudes, but not all storms recurve. Hurricanes travel at varying rates.
?In the lower latitudes the rate usually ranges from 8 to 32 km/h (5 to 20 mph), and in the
higher latitudes it may increase to as much as 80 km/h (50 mph). In addition to generating large waves that travel out in all directions, hurricane winds pile up water. Th is piling up of water is known as a storm surge, and it can raise the sea level more than 6 m (20 ft) when the storm hits land.
?During the last third of the 20th century, floods and landslides from heavy rain were the leading cause of hurricane and tropi cal storm deaths. In October 1998 Hurricane Mitch‘s torrential rain caused floods and landslides that killed more than 9,000 people with
another 9,000 missing and presumed dead in Central America, according to the U.S.
National Hurricane Center.
iv) How Hurricanes Are Named
?The National Hurricane Center began officially naming tropical storms and hurricanes in
1950, although some forecasters had been informally naming storms since the 19th
century The World Meteorological Organization‘s (WMO) Western Hem isphere Hurricane Committee selects hurricane names, using alternating men‘s and women‘s names in English, Spanish, and French in alphabetical order.
?Names of deadly storms or those that cause great damage are retired. Otherwise, names
remain on six rotating, yearly lists, with each list being used again six years after its last use. WMO committees also select tropical cyclone names used elsewhere in the world.
Hurricane-like storms are called by different names in the different regions of the world.
?For example, the name "hurricane" is given to systems that develop over the Atlantic or
the eastern Pacific Oceans. In the western North Pacific and Philippines, these systems are called "typhoons" while in the Indian and South Pacific Ocean, they are called
"cyclones".
v.) Hurricane Preparedness
?The National Hurricane Center issues a hurricane watch for areas where a hurricane
could hit in about 36 hours or less. The center issues a hurricane warning when
hurricane-force winds of 119 km/h (74 mph) are expected in 24 hours or less. The
Hurricane Center issues watches and warnings for the United States and works closely with the weather services of other nations, which issue their own watches and warnings.
?Residents of areas where hurricanes can strike, which includes the entire U.S. Atlantic and
Gulf of Mexico coasts from Maine to the Mexican border, should begin preparing before the hurricane season starts. They need to learn whether they live in an area that storm surge could flood, and if so, need to decide where to go if ordered to evacuate. All
homeowners should ensure they have covers to fit all windows and doors that are not impact resistant.
? A survival kit with a two-week supply of prescription medications, nonperishable food, and
water should be prepared.When a hurricane watch is issued, those in the affected area should make sure window covers and emergency kits are ready, and install the window covers that are most difficult to put in place.
?They should also fill vehicles with fuel and withdraw emergency cash before power failures
close service stations and automated teller machines (ATMs). Finally, they should follow storm reports and listen for directions from local emergency management officials. When a hurricane warning is issued, residents should quickly finish installing window and door protection panels.
?Those who are evacuating should be sure to take their emergency kits and important
papers and notify friends and family where they are going. Evacuees should leave as soon as possible after turning off the main circuit breaker and the outside gas and water shut-off valves for their houses.
?During a hurricane, everyone should stay indoors and away from doors and windows, even
if they have protective covers. If debris begins striking the house, those inside should seek refuge in an interior bathroom, closet, or under a stairwell. Wait until radio announcements say that the hurricane has passed before going outside.
?The danger is not over when a hurricane passes. In recent years in the United States, post
storm accidents have killed as many or more people than hurricane wind, storm surge, or flooding. Post storm dangers include accidents at intersections without working traffic lights, downed power lines, fires caused by candles, falls from roofs, and injuries to those unskilled in using equipment such as chain saws.
vi) Hurricane and Global Warning
?In recent years concerns have arisen that a general warming of the Earth‘s climate could
increase the numbers or strength of hurricanes and tropical cyclones. In recent years concerns have arisen that a general warming of the Earth‘s climate could increase the numbers or strength of hurricanes and tropical cyclones.
?Long-term records do not provide enough information to conclude whether the global total
of tropical cyclones increased during the 20th century. The cycles are most noticeable for ―major‖ hurricanes in Categories 3, 4, and 5 with wind speeds faster than 177 km/h (110 mph). The years 1944 through 1969 were active with an average of 2.7 major hurricanes a year.
? A quiet period, with an average of 1.5 major hurricanes a year, began in 1970 and lasted
through 1994. Another active period that began in 1995 saw 32 major hurricanes through the 2003 season, an average of 3.55 per year. Many hurricane researchers think the cycles are related to changes in Atlantic Ocean temperatures that last decades.
?From the late 19th century through the 1980s about one-third of the major hurricanes that
formed in the Atlantic hit the United States, which means around ten such hurricanes could have been expected to hit from 1995 through 2003. Yet for reasons atmospheric scientists do not understand, only three such hurricanes hit the United States from 1995 through 2003.
?Researchers who study hurricanes and climate say that the computer models used to
predict global climate changes do not look at weather in the detail needed to forecast whether a warmer world would increase the number or strength of hurricanes. On the other hand, scientists have no reason to expect fewer or weaker hurricanes to form than has occurred in the past.
?They also have no reason to think that many storms will miss the United States as they did
in the 1990s and early 2000s. This means that no matter how global climate change affects hurricanes, increased population along the coasts places more people and property in harm‘s way.
II. Introduction to the passage
?Face to Face with Hurricane Camille is a piece of narration. Simply defined, narration is the
telling of a story. A good story has a beginning, a middle and an end, even though it may start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.
?Narration is concerned with action, with life in motion, with a meaningful series of act ions.
It revolves around people, called characters, in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves.
?In the story the leading character is called the hero or protagonist and the people or
forces he fights against is called the antagonist or the enemy. The actions, that is,
incidents and events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings (chronological order)
?As the conflict develops, suspense and tension increase until the highest point or the
climax of the struggle is reached. After the climax, the story quickly moves to a
conclusion, which is sometimes called a denouement. Action (plot) usually dominates narration; however, some narratives focus on character, theme (the idea behind the story), or atmosphere (the mood or tone).
?Face to Face with Hurricane Camille describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their
friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. The story focuses mainly on action but the writer also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story. The hero or the protagonist in the story is John Koshak, Jr., and the antagonist is the hurricane.
?The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place and background
of the conflict-man versus hur-ricanes. These paras also introduce the characters in the story. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing in detail and vividly the
incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.
?The writer describes these act' ns in the order of their occurrence. This natural time
sequence or chronological order holds the story together. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. In the last para.
the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important."
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille: All headings and titles are generally succinct and particular care is given to the choice of words. The aim is to present the article, story, etc.
as vividly and as forcefully as possible to attract the attention of would-be readers. ―Face to face‖, when two people look at each other closely and there is a kind of struggle going on between them, some kind of battle.
?And in this case one side is the human beings and the other side might be Hurricane
Camille. There‘s some kind of battle, some kind of confrontation between those two sides.
If you have to suffer from a hurricane, what might you feel? ---Fear, nervousness, terror, horror, endurance, determination----many strong emotions are going to be involved and in the end, there may be death and sadness.
?So we can guess from the title that there will be strong emotions the author is going to involve us into this excitement. So the article should be very exciting, very dramatic. There should be moments of great tensions. We are concerned with what is going to happen and at the end of the story we may be very sad or we may feel very grateful because people have survived the storm.
?The author‘s task is to make his story as exciting as possible. What we are going to
concentrate on is how the author chooses his language and how he organizes his language, how he structures his story to make the impact on us as strong, and exciting as possible.
?The story is a real story which appeared in a magazine---The Reader‘s Digest. But the
author has written it as if it were a made-up story, a novel of some sort. It has characters, a beginning, a middle and an end. It has an introduction and a conclusion, which makes it more interesting for us if we know it is a true story.
Hurricane Camille in 1969
?Hurricane Camille in the Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Camille was a Category 5 Hurricane
that struck the Mississippi Gulf Coast region on the 17th and 18th of August 1969. (see track of Camille's eye at landfall).
?Camille is considered the first-or second-worst storm ever to hit the mainland United
States. Camille had winds in excess of 210 mph (340 km/h) and a storm surge of over 24 feet (6 metres) (see storm surge profile). Camille killed 143 people along Alabama,
Mississippi, and Louisiana.
?The storm moved inland and turned eastward. As it reached southern Virginia it unleashed
torrential rains of up to 31 inches (790 mm) in some areas which killed 113 additional persons due to flash floods and landslides.
Major damage
?8,931 people were injured, 5,662 homes were destroyed, 13,915 homes experienced.
The area of total destruction in Harrison County, Mississippi alone was 68 square miles (176 km2). Total estimated cost of damage was US$1.42 billion. Part of the death toll from Camille was due to the refusal of people along the Coast to evacuate.
More inf. about H.C. in 1969
?Place: South Mississippi landfall
?Time: Aug. 17-18, 1969.
?Category Strength: ―V‖
?Damage estimate using year 2000 prices: $11 billion 1969 Population: 240,000 in South
Mississippi when Camille hit.
?Dead or Missing: 258
?Homes and Businesses damaged or destroyed:74,000
?In 1969 the naming conventions for hurricanes were not strictly controlled as they are
today. John Hope, a meteorologist at the National Hurricane Center named the
Hurricane in honor of his daughter Camille who had just graduated from high school. Bear These Questions in Minds While Reading the Text
? 1)From what time to what time does the Hurricane take place? (to be exact).
?2)Damages and casualties.
?3)Areas ( or states) affected.
?4)Words that are used to describe the power of Hurricane Camille.
?5)Words that are used to describe how people face and struggle with Hurricane Camille. III. Text analysis
?1. How many parts can we divide this text into?
?Part 1
?( P.1-----P.6)
?Introductory paragraphs, giving time, place, background of the conflicts.
Translate the following expressions.
...warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday.
...Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico.
...was reluctant to abandon his home unless ...
?Part 2
?(P.7----P26 )
?The detailed description of the ferocity of Hurricane Camille in order of its occurrence. Words and phrases for special attention:
overwhelming, disintegrate, break away, a blast of water, flinging open, shoving them down the hall, douse, the electrical...killed by water, scrambled back, curl up, collapsed, the verge of panic, clutch, outward calm, lap at the steps, ferocity, one mighty swipe, break apart, crumbling, marooned group, grade ...as
?shot out winds of ..., devastated, swath, beach, cracked like, snapped, vantage, smashed
apart, perished, huddled, implored, trailed away, shivering from, frustrated at, extinguished
the lantern, toppled, shudder, prop it up, grabbed a door, slide off, hinged to one closet, mounted to a roar, French door (推拉的玻璃门)disintegrate, scrambled back, trailed away
1. Gulf of Mexico:
?Arm of the Atlantic Ocean, bordered on the north by the United States, on the east by
Cuba, and on the south and west by Mexico. It covers an area of about 1,812,990 sq km and extends about 1770 km from east to west and some 1287 km from north to south. The gulf is connected with the Atlantic by the narrow Straits of Florida and with the Caribbean Sea through the Yucatan Channel.
?Gulfport:
?seaport in S. Miss., on the Gulf of Mexico
Gulfport, Mississippi
2. Salvation Army
?International religious and charitable organization, dedicated to the propagation of the
Christian faith and to the furnishing of various forms of assistance to persons in need of spiritual solace and material aid.
3. Red Cross
?international humanitarian agency dedicated, in time of war, to alleviating the sufferings of
wounded soldiers, civilians, and prisoners of war. In time of peace, it renders medical aid and other help to people afflicted by major disasters such as floods, earthquakes,
epidemics, and famines and performs other public service functions.
4. The Concentrated area
?swath
? a long strip or track of any kind, here it means the storm path
Hurricane Camille
Words and phrases for special attention:
?diminished, festooned, streamed in, had raked its way, rampaging floods, pitched in with,
be awed by, picking through the wreckage of, cry about something, possession.
The devastated area
2. Language Points:
?1. lash---
?strike violently (at); 猛击
?狠狠抽马使它跑快点。
?Lash the horse to make him run faster.
?大点大点的雨打在窗子上.
?Heavy drops of rain lashed the window panes.
?2. reason out----analyze; figure out; think through
?分析；推断
?reason out the answer to a question
?推断出问题的答案, 很合逻辑地阐明问题的答案
?3. demolish ---- pull down ; tear down;
?几年前老三舍拆了，在那建了一栋新宿舍我们叫它五舍。
?The old shabby Dorm 3 was demolished and a new one was put up in its place a few years ago, which is called
Dorm 5.
?4. good ----full; complete; at least; considerable
?我们学校的南院离这足有一英里远呢。
?The southern campus of our university is a good mile from here.她花大量的时间打桥牌。
?She spends a good amount of time playing bridge.
?5. Scud----move fast as if it were driven (by sth .)
?scudding clouds 飞掠的云
?受惊的兔子从稻田里飞奔而过。
?The startled rabbits scudded across the rice field.
?6. sit out (through): ---stay until the end of (a performance) esp. without enjoyment
?The film was boring but we had to sit out.
?电影很枯燥, 但我们还是坚持看完了.
?7. disintegrate----separate into parts or fragment; break up(分裂；分解)
?The shabby bus will disintegrate with such a high speed.
?8. ride out----
?a) keep floating; come safely through a storm
?(指船)安然度过狂风暴雨
?The ship rode out the storm.
?这条船安然度过了那场风暴.
?b) (fig.) come safely through trouble, attack, controversy, etc.(喻)平安渡过困难,攻击等
?香港1998 年平安度过了亚洲金融风暴.
?Hong Kong rode out the financial storm in Asia in 1998.
?伊拉克能经受得住来自美英的如此沉重的打击吗?
?Can Iraq ride out such heavy blows from the U.S. and the U.K.?
?9. batten down ----
?1) make secure or strong with battens
?batten--- n. long board, esp. one used to keep other boards in place, or to which other
boards are nailed.(板条)
?Please batten down the loose windows.(请用板条把松脱的窗户钉牢)
?10. take responsibility for--
?我将对这一行动负完全责任.
I’ll take responsibility for this action.
?11. on the verge of--almost; close to 濒于;接近于…
?他濒于破产的边缘.
?He is on the verge of bankruptcy.
?她非常不幸, 几乎要自寻短见了. She was so unhappy that she was on the verge of committing suicide.
?12. maroon----isolate 困于…
?船残骸上那些遇难者们被困在荒岛上.
?The victims from the ship-wrecking were marooned on a small deserted island.
?他因战争被困在欧洲.
?He was marooned in Europe by a war.
?13. swipe
?a) vi. (colloq.) hit hard(重击;猛击)
? A beard swiped at him with its powerful paw.
b) vt. wipe; touch (擦;碰擦)
?他一边用手背揩着汗淋淋的前额, 一边这样说.
?And so he said while swiping his sweaty forehead with the back of his head.
?n. blow(重击;猛打)
?郎平狠狠地扣球.
?Lang Ping took a swipe at the ball.
?女孩给了那个无赖一记响亮的耳光.
?The girl gave the scoundrel a swipe round the ear swinging
?n. swinging blow(重击;猛打)
?n. blow(重击;猛打)
?郎平狠狠地扣球.
?Lang Ping took a swipe at the ball.
?女孩给了那个无赖一记响亮的耳光.
?The girl gave the scoundrel a swipe round the ear swinging
?n. swinging blow(重击;猛打)
?14. donate--- give (e.g. money to a charity, etc.); contribute (捐赠)(如捐钱给慈善机构等);赠
送
?他捐了五千五百万元修建了一栋新图书馆.
?He donated 55,000,000 yuan to the building of a new library.
?donation--- n.
?---make a donation to… 向… 捐赠
?我们给他写了一封感谢信, 感谢他向逸夫图书馆捐书.
?We wrote him a letter of thanks for his donation of books to Yifu Library.
?---in the form of donations----
?海啸袭击亚洲一周以后, 来自世界各地的捐赠和其他形式的人道主义援助巨大.
?A week after the tsunami struck Asia, there was a large amount of humanitarian aid in the form of donations
and other forms of assistance from around the world.
?15. rampage---vi. rush about in excitement or rage (兴奋或狂暴地乱冲; 横冲直撞)
?听到这个消息, 胡先生在房子里气得跳.
?On hearing the news, Mr. Hu raged and rampaged up and down his room.
?n. rampage---be (go) on (a) the rampage (横冲直撞; 暴跳如雷)
?
?叛乱份子聚众闹事, 捣毁了许多商号.
?The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many firms.
?逃出来的大熊猫横冲直撞装地大闹了两天.
?The escaped panda was on the rampage for two days.
?16. pitch in--- give all out in doing sth.; set to work energetically (使劲干, 精力充沛地动手做…)
?妈妈每天下班后就忙着做家务.
?Mother pitches in on housework after she comes back from work.
?去年的抗洪抢险斗争中, 到处都有人协力相助.
?Everywhere people pitched in to help during the struggle against the flood last year.
?由于大家的努力, 我们提前完成了任务.
?As everybody pitched in, we fulfilled the job ahead of time.
?菜一端上桌, 孩子们不用请就大吃大喝起来.
?As soon as the food was brought to the table, children pitched in without invitation.
Narrative style of writing or Narration
?People: the John Koshak
?Place: Gulfport city in Mississippi. states: Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama
?Time: August 17 Sunday, 1969
?Like thousands of others, John was reluctant to abandon his home unless ...
Para. 2
? reason out:
find out measures in an reasonable way about sth....
?Some more people are introduced in the story…
Para. 3
?Telling the reasons why the family don't want to leave their home.
?1)John's business was in his home.
?2)The house had been elevated 23 feet above sea level, much higher than last time
when Hurricane Betsy hit the place. They think they would be as safe there as anyplace else.
Para.4-6
batten down and ride it out:
?batten: to fasten canvas over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm ?ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage.
?batten: 板条
?sit out the storm: to stay until the end
What is the way to develop narrative style of writing?
?Narrative paragraphs are often used to describe our routines. Read the following
narrative paragraph, notice how words like 'sometimes, often, etc.' are used to say something often happens.
?Every Saturday morning I get up at eight o'clock. I immediately cook breakfast and my daughter and my wife
and I usually have breakfast together. I usually go shopping. My daughter and wife usually go to the park to have some fun with the other children in our neighborhood. After I do the shopping, I come home and my wife and I clean the house. My wife then cooks lunch while my daughter plays in her room and then we eat together.
After lunch, we sometimes go shopping. If we don't go shopping, we often go to the countryside for a nice walk.
We often get home quite late and have a small dinner. We usually watch a film on TV and then go to bed at about eleven o'clock.
?Narrative paragraphs are often used to describe what a person does over a period of time.
Read the following narrative paragraph, notice how words like ?after, later, finally' are used to connect what happens.
?Yesterday evening I got home from work at 6 o'clock. My wife had prepared dinner which we ate immediately.
After I had cleaned up the kitchen, we watched TV for about an hour. Then we got ready to go out with some friends. Our friends arrived at about 9 o'clock and we chatted for a while. Later we decided to visit a jazz club and listen to some music. We really enjoyed ourselves and stayed late. We finally left at one o'clock in the
morning.
?2) How does the text develop?
Time sequence
?3) Analyze the words that are used to describe the devastating power of Hurricane Camille. Words for Hurricane:
?P. 1: bad, lash, pummel, Scudded in, P.2: (para.7), overwhelming (para.8), disintegrate,
break away (para.9),a blast of water, flinging open, shoving them down the hall, douse, the electrical...killed by water(para.11), curl up, collapsed (para.13), lap at the steps(para.17), ferocity, one mighty swipe(para.18), break apart, crumbling, grade ...as, (para.19),
mounted to a roar
?shot out winds of ..., devastated, swath, beach, cracked like, snapped, vantage(para.20),
smashed apart, perished, trailed away, extinguished the lantern, toppled, shudder, slide off, hinged to one closet, diminished(para.27),festooned(para.28),
?4) Verbs used to describe how people faced and struggled with Hurricane Camille.
?Batten down and ride it out, shivering from(para.23), scrambled back (para.12), to be on
the verge of panic(para.14), clutch, outward calm(para.15),
?marooned group, huddled(para.21), implored, frustrated at(para.24), prop it up(para.25),
grabbed a door(para.26), streamed in(para.31), had raked its way ...(para.32), rampaging floods, pitched in with(para.33), be awed by(para.34), picking through the wreckage
of(para.35), cry about something(para.37), possession(para.39).
IV. Rhetorical devices involved
? 1. Metaphor
? 2. transferred epithet
? 3. Hyperbola
? 4. Simile
? 5. Personification
? 6. Onomatopoeia,
?7. Rhetorical question
1. Metaphor
?i.) Find out the metaphorical language points in the text and try to paraphrase and
translate them.
?(Para. 4) We can batten down and ride it out.
?comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea.
?We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
?我们做好必要的准备,飓风一来就能安全离去.
?(Para.7) Wind and rain now whipped the house: a metaphor
?Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.
?狂风暴雨拍打着屋子.
?(Para.28) Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.
Bits of clothing were hanging on the trees as if decorating them with festoons ( meaning chains of flowers, leaves, flags and ribbons, etc.).
?尚未被刮倒的树上结彩似地挂满了被撕成布条的衣服.
?(Para.32) Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi ...before
breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean:
?The word rake is used figuratively here meaning to attack and devastate as it moved
along.
?译:在此期间,卡米尔号飓风横扫密西西比州后继续北进,…最后才在大西洋上空慢慢消失. ?e.g. House and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car.
?Furniture, kitchen utensils, medicine, etc. were quickly transported to the stricken areas and every means of
transportation, plane, train, truck, and car, were used.
?译: 飞机, 火车, 汽车源源不断不断地把各种家用和医疗用品送来了.
?How to translate metaphorical languages (隐喻的翻译)
?(a) Literary translation:
?(保持隐喻的直译)
e.g.
1. The history is unfolding a new page.
?(历史正在翻开新的一页.)
? 2. He sat rooted in his seat.
?(他一动不动地坐在自己的座位上,好象是扎了根似的.)
? 3. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.
?(克罗伊敦公爵夫人极力控制自己那如脱缰野马般的思绪)
?(b) Figurative Translation (隐喻转明喻) 对喻域特征进行抽象概括,取其本质. (意译)
?e.g.1. House and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car.
?(飞机, 火车, 汽车源源不断地把各种家用和医疗用品送来了.)
?e.g.2. We can batten down and ride it out.
?(我们做好必要的准备,飓风一来就能安全离去)
隐喻翻译练习:
?1) Her tone would have withered anyone who knew her well.
?(她说话的声调简直可以把熟悉她的任何人都吓得矮掉半截.)
?wither---cause sb. to become covered with shame or confusion
?(使人感到惭愧)
?4)With calculated coolness the Duchess reasoned: the situation came down to one essential.
? (公爵夫人冷静地盘算了一番: 现在需要解决的是一个关键的问题.)
2. Onomatopoeia
?2:Three forms of Onomatopoeia
?(三种形式的拟声词)：
?1)Explicit onomatopoeia (显性拟声词):
?The verb in the sentence itself is the onomatopoeia.
?(该句中的动词本身就是仿声的.)
?The kittens meowed when they were hungry.
?小猫一饿就咪咪叫。
?2)Implicit onomatopoeia(隐性拟声词)：
?该词本声并非仿声，但预示拟声的存在。
?The dog barks. 狗汪汪叫。
?Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt,…
?正当我开始觉得路程太长时, 汽车嘎地一声停下来了,……
?3）Mixture of both:
?The door banged open.
?门嘭的一声开了。
?The Coco Cola popped open.
?可口可乐砰地一下开了.
3. simile
?(Para.11) The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade:
?simile, comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire
brigade when fighting a fire
?(Para.13 ) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.…...:
?simile, comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train
?…, and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads….
?simile, blown-down power lines compared to black spaghetti.
4. Hyperbole
?The world seemed to be breaking apart.
?整个世界好象要碎成几瓣了(或:整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了)。
5. Personification
?(Para. 18) A moment later, the hurricane, in one swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house
and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.
Personification, the hurricane acting as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.
?译:不一会儿, 一阵强风掠过,将整个屋顶卷入空中, 抛向后40 英里以外.
?It seized a 600,000 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2 miles away.---
Personification, the hurricane acting as a very strong person lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3.5 miles away.(Para.19)
6. Transferred epithet
?(Para.20)…held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage
point.--- …held a party to enjoy the unusual and impressive spectacle of the hurricane because the apartment provided an unusually clear and broad view of the storm.
Spectacular, transferred epithet, modifying the "storm" and not "vantage point", meaning impressive to see and strikingly unusual
7. Rhetorical question
?―What do we do?‖ ―Where do we go?‖... These questions, which they asked
themselves and each other, revealed their helpless-ness and desperate plight. Paraphrase
?We‘re elevated 23 feet.
?We’re 23 feet above the sea level.
?The place has been here since 1915, and…
?The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any disaster to it.
?We can batten down and ride it out.
?We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
?The generator was doused, and the lights went out.
?Water got into the generator so lights went out.
?Everybody out the back door to the cars!
?Everybody, go out through the back door and run to the cars!
?The electrical systems had been killed by water.
?The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.
?John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing quilt.
?As John watched the water inch its way up the stairs, he felt a strong sense of quilt because he blamed himself for
endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.
?Get us through this mess, will You?
?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.
?She carried alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.
?Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.
?Janis had just one delayed reaction.
?Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. Exercise I
Reading Comprehension
? 1. Why did John Koshak, Jr., choose to remain in his house rather than flee inland in spite
of radio and TV hurricane warnings?
A. He thought the hurricane would break up long before it reached Gulfport, Mississippi.
B. He felt that his house was as safe as any other place since no hurricane had ever
bothered it before.
C. His parents went to live with the Koshaks a month earlier from California.
D. His neighbor asked him to take care of her two children, for her husband was in
Vietnam.
? 2. Charlie Hill thought they were in for "real trouble" when he tasted the salty water,
because _______.
A. he feared that without fresh water to drink they would all die of thirst
B. he feared that the house would be in the dark, for the seawater put the generator out
of action
C. he knew the sea had reached the house and the water was rising
D. he was afraid that the children could not drink the salty water
? 3. Why didn't they flee on foot when the Koshaks and their friends found it impossible to
escape by car?
A. The grandparents had been badly injured and couldn't walk.
B. The hurricane lifted the entire roof of the house.
C. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yard away.
D. The wind was too strong and the water was too deep.
? 4. The reason why John Koshak finally ordered the group to take refuge in the television
room is that ________.
A. it was the room farthest from the direction of the storm
B. it was the only room large enough to hold the group together
C. their grandparents could take good care of the children there
D. there were batteries for the portable radio and flashlight in the room
? 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. A few days after the storm, their dog and cat returned home alive and hungry.
B. The children didn't seem to have been harmed psychologically.
C. Three days after the storm, Charlie Hill decided to return to Las Vegas.
D. Although they had lost practically everything they owned, everyone had survived.
?Answer:
?
? 1. B
? 2. C
? 3. D
? 4. A
? 5. C
Exercise II Translation
?Put the following sentences into Chinese according to the context.
?1. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled
inland to safer ground. (lines 4–6)
?2. Then the front door started to break away from its frame. John and Charlie put their
shoulders against it, but a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall. (lines 51–53)
?3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house
shuddered and shifted on its foundations. (lines 68–69)
?4. Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi. It dropped more
than 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia. (lines 140–141)
?5. ―We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of
that, I realize we lost nothing important.‖ (lines 172–174)
XIII. Correct the mistakes.
?Something about the kinds of mistakes:
?A) The run-on sentence:
? A run-on sentence or a fused sentence puts together two or more sentences with no mark
of punctuation between them.
?( 误用逗号连接句)
?When two complete sentences run together with only a comma between them, it is called a
comma splice.
These snakes are dangerous, however, most snakes are quite harmless.
?B)Sentence fragment:
? A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an
independent unit, capable of standing alone. Now this means simply that dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words, are not sentences and should not be written as sentences.
?The basketball game was canceled. Because half of the players were in bed with flu.
?Looking out toward the horizon, she saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born. A single cottonwood that
had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless, expanse of sunburned prairie.
?We knew that although the documents have been stolen. They have not yet been seen by
a foreign agent.
?C). The dangling modifier:
? A careless use of verbal phrases (participle, gerund, infinitive, etc) results in a
construction usually known as the dangling modifier. A phrase is said to dangle if it is not tied to something it modifies.
?Last year, after graduating from high school, my father put me to work in his office.
?To appreciate the poem, reading aloud must be done.
?Driving across the state, many beautiful lakes can be seen.
?D). The illogical or faulty parallelism:
?The false parallel, that is, using parallel structure for ideas that are not parallel, should
be avoided. A subordinate which or who clause should not be carelessly joined to a main clause by and.
?Correlatives (相关连接词) (both ... and, either ... or, etc) should be used only before
sentence elements that are parallel in form.
?Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful.
?I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends.
?He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers.
I am interested in electronics, which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities to one who knows
science.
1: Additional Exercise to Lesson
?1976年, 唐山发生了大地震. 一夜之间, 房倒人亡.幸存者惊愕,痛苦，绝望. 这个生机勃勃的
城市顿成一派萧条，凄凉的景象. 某些西方人预言, 唐山从地球上消灭了.但事实证明他们错了. 一听到受灾的消息, 全国各地都来支援. 家用和医疗供应品通过飞机,火车,卡车,汽车源源不断地运来. 解放军也开进灾区, 帮助人们清理废墟, 重建家园.灾区人们尽管偶尔受到忧郁心情的折磨, 然而他们却决心从头做起, 建设新唐山. 在建设中他们干劲冲天, 一个新唐山犹如凤凰从灰烬中飞起般从废墟中建立了起来. 人们满怀信心地说: ―将来的情况肯定比以往还要好. ‖
Key for reference:
?The year 1976 saw a big earthquake in Tangshan. With the collapse of buildings, deaths of people and the shock,
affliction and desperation of the survivors, this formerly lively city took on a look of complete isolation and misery overnight. Some westerners predicted that Tangshan had perished from the earth. But facts proved them to be wrong. At the news of the disaster, people from all parts of the country came to the aid of the devastated area.
Household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. The PLA men immediately moved in to help clear the debris and rebuilt homes. Full of confidence, people predicted: “This city is going to be better than it ever was before.”
Cloze
?Several regions in the world are subject 1_____ storms which are so severe that they 2_____ damage on
a tremendous 3_____. The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The 4_____ term for such severe
storms is “cyclone”. The term “hurricane” is 5_____ for storm s that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.
?Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious 6______: in a cyclone, the wind 7_____ in a clockwise
direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. 8_____ cyclones and hurricanes have one ominous similarity. 9_____ the damage they cause on land and at sea. They are identical.
?Australia 10_____ a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The
cyclones occur mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere.
Key for reference:
? 1. to 6. way
? 2. cause 7. circulates
? 3. scale 8. But
? 4. general 9. In terms of
? 5. defined 10. undergoes
高级英语19春在线作业1-0005 Which of the sentences below apply the rhetorical device of metaphor? A:She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze of distress, … B:He would drown her. C:She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. D:The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. 答案：A,B Antithesis is applied in ________. A:If a mere sentiment justifies cruelty, why stop at a sentiment for the whole human race? B:It is so deep a need that it will find harmful outlets of this kind unless innocent outlets are at hand. C:If it is not defended on the ground that it reduces human suffering, on what ground can it be defended? D:If we find a man giving pleasure it is for us to prove (if we criticize him) that his action is wrong. But if we find a man inflicting pain it is for him to prove that his action is right. 答案：B,D Which of the following sentences use the rhetorical device of hyperbole? A:Death would be too kind and brief.
《高级英语阅读》课程教学大纲 课程编号：18040042 课程名称：高级英语阅读 学时与学分：32学时/2学分 先修课程：大学英语1、2、3册 适应专业：大学二年级第四学期非英语专业英语四级成绩为425分以上的本科生 一、课程性质、目的和任务 A. 课程性质 该课程为选修课，旨在通过练习已掌握的阅读技巧和学习新技巧来进一步提高学生的英语阅读能力，拓宽学生的阅读视野，使得学生在本课程学习结束时进一步提高英语阅读速度并能阅读高水平的英语读物。 B. 目的和任务： 学生将进行较高水平乃至更高水平的英语阅读，进一步熟悉英语阅读过程中的步骤和技巧，进一步提高阅读技能并提高阅读速度，培养细致观察语言、假设判断、分析归纳、推理验证等逻辑思维能力，再度扩大词汇量，增加文化背景知识。达到《大学英语课程教学要求》（教育）高教司，2007）对非英语专业本科生提出的阅读“较高要求”乃至“更高要求”，从深度、速度和广度上全方位提高学生的阅读技能。 二、课程教学内容及要求 本课程题材广泛，体裁多样。课程主要教材《高级英语阅读教程》照顾各专业学生的需要，所选文章内容新颖，信息容量大，具有时代性以及较强的趣味性。教材的语言素材按题材大致可分为体育、电影、中西文化、环保、经济、法律、科技等。 目录： Unit 1 Sports Unit 2 Movies Unit 3 Chinese Culture Unit 4 Cultural Differences Unit 5 Animal World Unit 6 Greenpeace Movement Unit 7 Environment Protection Unit 8 Biological and Genetic Engineering Unit 9 Expo Industry Unit 10 Globalization Unit 11 Finance Unit 12 Motorcar Mobile-Phone and Microsoft Unit 13 Space Exploration Unit 14 International Law and Order 为体现阅读课程特色，应有针对性地指导学生的阅读技能训练。从课堂教学实际出发，尽量发挥学生的主观能动性，启发学生思考，鼓励学生参与活动，以活跃课堂气氛。 本课程采用课堂教学和课外阅读相结合的教学方式，运用多媒体辅助教学。学生每周
Unit 1 语法重点 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ①动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ②为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后 面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ①表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ②表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有 “意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因 She seemed surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语
第一课中东的集市 中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。 中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。 在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑炯，花纹图案富有地方特色—
Unit14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R II. About the author Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), eldest son of Lord Randolph, a Tory politician, and Jenny Jerome, daughter of a New York businessman. 1874: born on Nov. 30 at Blenheim Palace, the home given by Queen Anne to his ancestor, the Duke of Marlborough. 1888: went to Harrow and then to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst; 1895: visited the Spanish army fighting against Cuban rebels; 1897: was with the British army in India; 1898: took part in the battle of Omdurman in the Sudan as a war correspondent; 1899: set out fro the Boer War as correspondent to the London Morning Post. 1900: entered the House of Commons; critical of the Conservative Government; 1904: joined the Liberals; a member of Lord Asquith’s cabinet by 1908; 1911-1915: First Lord of the Admiralty in Oct. in the stated year; 1917: Minister of Munitions; then Minister of War; 1924-1929: back to the Conservative Party; Chancellor of the Exchequer under Stanley Baldwin 1940: became Prime Minister in May; 1945: defeated in the election in July; 1951: again became Prime Minister; 1953: created Knight of the Garter by the Queeen; awarded the Nobel Prize in literature; 1955: resigned office and ended his public career; 1965: died on Jan. 24; was given a state funeral. Major works: The World Crisis (6 vols, 1923-1931); An Account of World War I; The Second World War (6 vols, 1948-953); History of the English Speaking Peoples (4 vols, 1956-1958) III. Detailed Study of the Text 1. the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasion of Russia. 1) The "of" phrase modifies the noun "news". It is an adjective phrase. 2) News always has the plural form but takes a singular verb. E.g. The news is bad. 2. This changed conviction into certainty: 1) In the past it was my belief that Hitler would soon attack the Soviet Union; but now it was no longer a belief, it had become a fact. 2) conviction: a very firm and sincere belief e.g.: 1. I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just. 2. From the way she spoke, you could tell she was speaking from conviction. Note: Conviction generally implies that a prior doubt existed and now has been removed because one has been convinced or assured of the truth. 3. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay: lie: exist, be found, reside e.g.: 1) In unity lay strength. 2) We know where our problems lie, and we have begun to solve some of them.
华南师范大学2015《高级英语》在线作业题库及满分答案1．第1题 choose the word ｏr phrase which best completes each sentence. the black boys ａnd girls need not have felt ___ fｏr their dark skin in the summer camp. A.A. self-effacing; B. self-centered; C. self-conscious; D. self-evident B.所有选项均列于A选项下 C.所有选项均列于A选项下 D.所有选项均列于A选项下 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 choose the word ｏr phrase which best completes each sentence. the weather fｏrecast fｏr today predicted ___ weather with sunshine, rain, snow ａnd wind ａnd that is just what londoners have had. A.A. variable; B. various; C. variant; D. varied B.所有选项均列于A选项下 C.所有选项均列于A选项下 D.所有选项均列于A选项下
您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 choose the word ｏr phrase which best completes each sentence. commercial banks make most of their ___ ｆrom interest-earning loans ａnd investments in stocks ａnd bonds. A.A. means; B. dividends; C. earnings; D. compound interest B.所有选项均列于A选项下 C.所有选项均列于A选项下 D.所有选项均列于A选项下 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 choose the word ｏr phrase which best completes each sentence. there was a nobility about this simple-minded person which was ___. A.A. most engaged; B. the most engaging; C. to be most engaging; D. most engaging B.所有选项均列于A选项下 C.所有选项均列于A选项下
1.---你怎样学习英语？ 2.---我通过小组学习的方式来学习。 3.---你通过大声朗读学英语？ 4.---是的，我是。它有助于我的发音。 5.---我怎样才能读得更快？ 6.---你可以通过读意群来读得更快。 7.---我怎样才能改善我的发音？ 8.---一种方法是听磁带。 9.我知道泼水节真的很有趣。 10.泼水节多么有趣啊！ 11.我想知道他们明年是否还会进行比赛。 12.那些龙舟队真是太棒了！ 13.我想知道六月是否是游览香港的好时间。 14.龙舟真漂亮啊！ 15.我认为四月是泰国最热的月份。 16.香港的食物真美味啊！ 17.---打扰了，你知道我在哪里能买些药吗？ 18.---当然。沿着这条街有一家超市。 19.---你能告诉我怎样去邮局吗？ 20.---抱歉，我不确定如何去那里。 21.---你能告诉我今晚乐队什么时候开始演奏吗？ 22.---晚上八点开始。
23.---我想知道接下来我们应该去哪里。 24.---你们应该试一下那边那个新开的骑乘项目。 25.我过去很矮。我过去在学校里不受欢迎。 26.Paula过去很文静。她过去不喜欢测试。 27.---你过去很矮，不是吗---是的，我是的。 28.他过去戴眼镜吗不，他不带。 29.---你的衬衫是棉质的吗？ 30.---是的，它们是的。并且它们是美国制造的。 31.---这个飞机模型是有什么制作的？ 32.---它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。 33.---在中国哪里产茶？ 34.---它产自许多不同的地区。 35.---茶是怎么制成的？ 36.---茶树在山坡上种植。当叶子长好了，人们就用手把它们采摘下来，然后送去加 工。 37.---拉链是什么时候被发明的？ 38.---它是在1893年被发明的。 39.---它是由谁发明的？ 40.---它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。 41.---茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？ 42.---它是在6世纪和7世纪期间被带到了朝鲜。 43.---热冰激凌勺是用来干什么的？ 44.--她它是用来提供很凉的冰激凌的。
福师《高级英语（二）》在线作业二 试卷总分：100 测试时间：-- 单选题 一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。） 1. I am ( ) enough to make up my own mind. You do not need to teach me. A. young B. mature C. numerical D. guarantee 满分：2 分 2. Slavery was ( ) in Canada in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the slaves, who escaped from America, to settle on its vast virgin land A. diluted B. dissipated C. abolished D. resigned 满分：2 分 3. We enjoy seeing the glorious _______ of the rising sun. A. beams B. beans C. beef D. beer 满分：2 分 4. They’re going to build a big office block on that __ piece of land. A. void B. vacant C. blank D. shallow 满分：2 分 5. They have already ( ) the telephone in their new home A. parceled B. spun C. installed D. retained 满分：2 分 6. He wants to _______ his appointment from Monday to Wednesday. A. transfer B. decay C. advance D. postpone 满分：2 分 7. In today’s class, the students were asked to ( )their mistakes on the exam paper and put in their possible corrections. A. cancel B. omit C. extinguish D. erase
U7 He put all his heart into his research; money made no difference to him. 他一心一意做他的研究，钱对他不起作用。 One should not see himself as the savior of the whole team. 一个人不应该把自己当成全队的救世主。 Although he was fifty, he often passed himself off as forty. 虽然他已经50岁了，但他经常妄称自己40岁。 She joined a sorority shortly after her arrival at the Chicago University, not because she had a liking for social activities, but because she could have more opportunities of practicing English. 她到芝加哥大学不久就加入了一个大学生姊妹会组织，不是因为她喜欢社交活动，而是因为有更多的练习英语的机会。 Along with three colleagues, Professor Li worked day and night in hopes of a solution to the crux. 李教授同他的三位同事一道，夜以继日，希望能找到解决难题的办法。 U6 Somewhat to his own surprise, he ended up designing the whole car and putting it into production. 连他自己也有点惊讶，他最终竟设计了整辆汽车并把它投入生产。 Before long her white sails were little more than a speck upon the waters. 不久，她的白色蓬帆已只是海上的一个小点而已。 In spite of others' discouragement, he saved his daughter from the fire at the cost of his own life.他不顾其他人的劝阻，舍身把女儿从火中救出。 On a more practical level, we should consider how we are going to find the money. 从更实际的角度来说，我们应当考虑该如何找到这笔钱。 If you buy six bars of soap, you get another one thrown in. 如果你买六条肥皂的话，再奉送一条。 U5 If the Americans are not the most well-dressed people in the world, they are the most comfortably dressed. 美国人可能算不上是世界上穿的最漂亮的，但却是穿的最舒服的民族。 America is the noisiest country that ever existed. 美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。 The line of strength and the line of beauty are one. 力的线条也是美的线条。 They will have nothing about them that is not beautiful. 他们身边不能有任何不美的东西。 Every American girl is entitled to have twelve young men devoted to her. 每个美国姑娘都配有12个年轻男子迷恋她。 U4 Each of us has a stake in the outcome of the conference. 会议结果对我们每个人都有厉害关系。 The black market sales were choked off according to the local government’s decree. 依据当地政府法令，黑市买卖被取缔。 The country has made great strides towards self-sufficiency and its achievements in economic development have captured world attention.
0901班 俸翠红 A Rural Market The rural market did not disappear like the most feudalism background markets which were famous for realm characters until now. Because of a revolution policy which was revolved the interests of the hosts even the neighbors the market was injured in youth, and it had already been a charismatic old man, persistent and dignified. Truthfully, whoever you were, you would be attracted by the marvelous scenic, and the market wasn’t violated that was to a vast expanse of the land. Deserve to be mentioned, the sun sometimes shines brightly, but suddenly a period of rain comes upon the market, you couldn’t know and without any resistant. At the moment the people in the rural market did not know what to do, however, it was a great gospel to the timely rain from which the dry and dusty market benefited the glowing. The rural market didn’t surround much different buildings, looking far and wide in a two-storey building, So it was no doubt that the centre market got together large numbers of buyers and sellers about three or four hours at forenoon. Y ou passed crowds from the shouting vigorously by sellers, and of would be purchasers
高级英语20春在线作业1-0005 试卷总分:100 得分:100 一、多选题(共4 道试题,共10 分) 1.Which of the sentences below apply the rhetorical device of metaphor? A.She felt her cheek pale and cold and, out of a maze of distress, … B.He would drown her. C.She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. D.The boat blew a long mournful whistle into the mist. 答案:AB 2.Antithesis is applied in ________. A.If a mere sentiment justifies cruelty, why stop at a sentiment for the whole human race? B.It is so deep a need that it will find harmful outlets of this kind unless innocent outlets are at hand. C.If it is not defended on the ground that it reduces human suffering, on what ground can it be defended? D.If we find a man giving pleasure it is for us to prove (if we criticize him) that his action is wrong. But if we find a man inflicting pain it is for him to prove that his action is right. 答案:BD
高级英语教学计划 一、教学内容： 1．四级考试各种题型以及应试技巧。 2．本课程要完成的教学内容： 《新视野大学英语读写教程》第二、三、四册部分单元；《新视野大学英语综合训练》第二、三、四册部分单元。其中：《新视野大学英语》第三册（5-10）、第四册（1-5）若干单元以学生课后或业余时间自学为主，课堂不进行精讲，但第二册（1-10）、第三册（1-5）单元要纳入期末考试出题范围（主要以词语为核心）。 3.学时分配： 1）课堂内精讲6单元，共计72学时。 2）四级考试应试技巧讲解和集中训练14学时。其中四级考试应试技巧讲解应穿插在平时的教学过程中。 3）期末答疑2学时． 4．每单元学时分配： 8学时一个单元。每单元学时分配如下：读、写、译（即精读）及练习评讲和单元测验5学时；检查各类练习完成情况登记 1.5学时；口语练习和听说训练1.5学时。 二、教材和参考资源： 1．教材：《新视野大学英语》第二、三、四册系列教材； 参考资源：《新视野大学英语》第二、三、四册系列教师用书； 2.自选〈〈听力材料〉〉。 3.四级考试资料。 4.四级考试题8套以及阅读材料。 三、教学方法与教学活动：
1. 多媒体教学、教辅书学生自学和教师授课相结合。在教师指导下，以学生自主学习为中心，采用互动式的教学方法。 2．教师课堂“精讲”和学生的“多练”有机结合以及听、说、读、写、译全方位的各种形式的课堂内外活动实践，如围绕课本或某一个主题展开讨论，运用课文内的主题进行演讲、游戏、讲故事、演短剧等等，培养学生具有较扎实的英语语言基础和综合运用能力。学生的操练，特别是说、写方面的实践活动，应以一定量的语言输入为前提。 3．培养学生的自学能力。提倡学生自主学习，即学生成为学习的主体。 4．大量的教师指导下的学生课外阅读活动、四级应试操练和听力练习。 5．采用提问、口头报告、听写、背诵等方式检查学生对已学知识掌握的熟练程度。 四、课后自主学习任务和检查： 1.课后听力练习。听力材料：教学部自选〈〈听力材料〉〉三册1-20单元。要求学生课后自主学习，每周至少完成2-3单元，课堂内听力练习由教师布置。教师课堂通过抽查、提问等方式检查登记和答疑。 2.词汇练习和翻译等精读课作业、综合训练以及四级考试阅读材料以学生课后学习为主，教师课堂检查和答疑。 3．每1-2单元必须通过背诵、听写或单元随堂测验对学生学习情况进行检查登记，本学期不得少于5次。 4．为了迎接四级考试，本学期学生必须每周写一篇作文，任课教师可每次改1/3 以上，并在课堂上评讲以及进行批改登记。
A. 好多好多How！！ “怎么样？”问情况： 1. How are you? / How is your mother? 2. How is your English class? /How is the weather in Shanghai? 3. How about New York? “多大了”问年纪 1. How old are you?/ How old is your sister? “多少”问数量： 1. How many apples are there on the desk? 2. How many kites can you see? 3. How many people are there in your family? 4. How much money do you have? 5. How much water are there in the cup? “多少钱”问价钱： 1. How much is this dress? 2. How much are they? “怎样”问方式： 1. How do you go to school? 2. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? “多么”表感叹 1. How funny! 2. How nice! B. 英语中的“乘”交通工具 英语中表示交通方式的形式很多，但总的来说，不外乎两种方式，即：用介词和动词来表示。 一、用介词表示。 1． by + 表示交通工具的名词，泛指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前无任何修饰语，且只能用单数。如： He came by train, but his wife came by bus.他坐火车来的，但他妻子坐汽车来的。 Travelling by elephant is great fun. 骑象旅行很有趣。 类似的词组还有：by car乘车；by plane乘飞机；by ship乘船；by taxi乘计程车等。 2．in/on + 表示交通工具的名词, 或泛指或特指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前常有冠词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰语，名词可以是单数或复数。 ① bus，train，boat，plane，ship等有厢，有舱的名词前，用介词in或on。如： We are going there in/on a bus.我们将乘公共汽车去那里。 （泛指）Don't come here on /in the ship．不要坐船来这里（特） ② bike或motorbike前，只能用介词on。如：
高级英语17春在线作业1 试卷总分:100 得分:100 一、多选题 (共 4 道试题,共 10 分)abc 1. Which sentences apply the rhetorical device of sarcasm? A. The victory of vivisection marks a great advance in the triumph of ruthless, non-moral utilitarianism over the old world of ethical law;… B. The women’s magazines are about one third dedicated to clothes, one third to mild comment on sex, and the other third to recipes and pictures of handsome salads, desserts, and main courses. C. It is bad for our souls, our minds, and our digestion. D. Psychoanalysts, the elite of the psychiatric profession, rarely accept them as patients. 满分：2.5 分 正确答案:AD 2. Which of the following sentences apply the rhetorical device of transferred epithet? A. “But there is a man in my office, a Mr. H., who proses it away from morning to night, … B. I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, … C. Who would want to remonstrate and argue with them? D. … and I would pass ours in tormenting sleeplessness. 满分：2.5 分 正确答案:BD 3. Which of the following sentences do not use the rhetorical device of personification? A. … and my image of her would have been shattered like the unmendable Humpty-Dumpty. B. But they talked, and from the side of the building where I waited for the ground to open up and swallow me, I heard … C. Like women in English novels who walked the moors with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance. Like the women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces, …. Women who walked over the “heath” and read … D. Through the cloth film, I saw the shadow approach. 满分：2.5 分 正确答案:ACD 4. Which of the sentences below use the rhetorical device of rhetorical question? A. What stimulation? B. How many times have I heard them say: “If you want to see what a really bad paper