Module 1 How to learn English
第1单元
内容详解
1. Welcome back, everyone.欢迎大家回到学校。
welcome v. 欢迎
welcome sb. to + 地点欢迎某人到某地
Welcome you to our school.欢迎你到我们学校来。
Welcome home! 欢迎回家！（home为副词，所以前面不用to)
welcome n.欢迎，迎接
a warm welcome 热情欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
2. Now because it's a new term, I'm going to give you some advice.
新学期开始之际，我想给大家提几点建议。
advice意为“建议，意见”，是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice, 表示“一些建议”用some advice。
I'll give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.
我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。
[搭配] —
give sb. some advice / give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议
ask for advice 征求意见
follow / take sb.’ s advice 接受某人的建议
7. 拓展
advise是动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，也可用于advise
sb. (not) to do sth.结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。
She advised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。
3. Why don't you write it down? 你们为何不把它记下来呢？
（1）Why don't you do…？是英语中一个重要的句型，意为“你（们）为什么不做事呢？”,多用来向对方提出建议。该句型还可简化为“Why not do…?”。
Why don't you read newspapers in English? = Why not read newspapers English?
你为什么不读英文报纸呢？
中考链接
一Look! It's raining heavily. ______ take a raincoat with you?
—Well, I'll take one right now.
A. Why not
B. Why don't
C. Would you mind
D. Would you like
解析：四个选项都是提建议的句型，但后跟的动词形式不一样：Why not + 动词原形…？Why don't you + 动词原形？Would you mind doing…？Would you like to do...？所以只能选A。答案：A
（2）write down意为“写下，记下”，其同义短语为put down。其宾语若是名词，放在down 前后均可；若是代词作宾语，须放在down之前。
Please write down these new words in your notebook.
=Please write these new words down in your notebook.
请把这些生词记在你的笔记本上。
Please write them down. 请把它们记下来。
4. You should always speak English in class. 课堂上大家应该一直讲英语。
speak v.说话；讲(语言）
Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？
辨析：say，speak, talk 与tell
1.say “说，讲”，着重译调讲话的内容，指用口头或书面语言表达思想
2.speak “说，演讲”侧重于讲话的动作；speak后常接表示某种语言的名词。
3.talk “交谈，谈话”，指跟少数人“随意地说”，不侧重说的内容。Talk常与介词to, with, about 连用
4.tell“告诉，讲述”多指以口头方式告诉某人，常用于讲故事等。
He says he will go to Shanghai to visit his grandparents.
他说他将去上海看望他的爷爷奶奶。
The child is learning to speak.这个孩子正在学习说话。
Don't talk with each other freely in class.上课不要随便相互交谈
Tell me the time, please.请告诉我时间。
一言辨异
After she spoke at the meeting, she talked with the students. She told them that what she said was very important.
在会上发了言之后，她跟学生们进行了交谈，并告诉他们她讲的东西很重要。
5. What else? 还有其他的吗？
else常用在不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词之后作后置定语。
He has something else to tell you. 他还有一些别的事情要告诉你。
Who else are you waiting for? 你还在等谁？
辨析：else 与other
两者都可意为“其他的，另外的”，但用法不同：
（1）else用作形容词或副词，常用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，也可以修饰all, much，little等词，修饰这些词时，else要位于其后，作后置定语。
Where else are you going? 你还要去哪儿？
I'm taking some clothes and books, not much else.
我要带几件衣服和一些书，别的就没什么了。
else还可以构成所有格，即else's, 意为“另外的/ 其他的（人或物）”。
My books are much more than anybody else's. 我的书比其他任何人的书都多很多。
（2）other作形容词，用以修饰名词或代词，位于其前作定语。
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects at school.
我们在学校学习语文、数学、英语，还有一些其他的科目。
other作代词，可以单独作主语、宾语、表语，其复数形式为others。
Some students are playing under the tree and others are flying kites over there. 一些学生在树下玩耍，还有一些在那边放风筝。_
6. It's a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
每天核査一下自己的词汇笔记是个好主意。
本句为“It is +名词（短语）+ to do sth. ”句式，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是句子的真正主语。
It's your turn to play the piano. 轮到你弹钢琴了。
7. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
听听英文广播，读读英文报纸怎么样？
How about...？相当于“What about…？”，用来与对方商量或者询问对方的情况或意见，about 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
I like English. How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
How about going fishing? 去钩鱼怎么样？
中考链接
一How about raising money for the people in Yushu, Qinghai?
A. Good idea
B. Enjoy yourself
C. Never mind
D. You're welcome
解析：How about...? 句型用于征求建议，其肯定回答用Good idea。
答案:A
8. But try not to translate every word. 但是尽量不要逐词翻译。
（1）try to do sth. 尽力去做某事。此结构也是提出建议的一种方式，它的否定形式为：try not to do sth. 尽力不要做某事。
拓展
try doing sth. 表示“尝试傲某事”。
He tried putting some sugar into the coffee. 他试着往咖啡里加了一些糖。
（2）translate意为“翻译，译”，是动词。常见搭配: translate…into... 意为“把……译成……”，也可以表示为put…into…或change…into…
Would you like to translate the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
—Would you like to put the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
—Would you like to change the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?
你能帮我把这篇关于周杰伦的文章翻译成英语吗？
9. I think everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each her.
我认为每个人都应该交一个笔友，并互相发送电子邮件。
everyone意为“每个人”，相当于everybody，表示一个单数概念。当everyone作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone likes the movie. 每个人都喜欢这部电影。
拓展
（1）everyone用于否定句，表示部分否定。
Everyone here doesn't like durian. —Not everyone here likes durian.
并不是这里的所有人都喜欢榴莲。
（2）everyone在反意疑问句中，反问部分的主语常用they。
Everyone is right, aren't they? 大家都对，是吗？
Everyone comes here，don't they? 大家都来了，是吗？
10. She can help me with my homework.她可以帮我做作业。
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
I often help him with maths. 我经常在数学方面帮助他
—I often help him（to）learn maths.
help作名词时，还有如下表达：
with the help of…在……的帮助下
with one's help 在某人的帮助下
第2单元
内容详解
1. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.
很多学生咨询提高英语水平的建议。
ask for意为“请求”, 有时也用作ask sb. for。
If we have any trouble in learning English, we can ask Mr Wang for help.
如果我们在学习英语中有什么困难，我们可以请求王老师帮忙。
2. I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English songs.
我喜欢看英文电影，听原版的英文歌曲。
enjoy的用法：
（1）enjoy后如果跟动词，要用动词的-ing形式，构成enjoy doing sth. 意思是“喜欢做某事”。The children enjoy watching action movies.孩子们喜欢看动作片。
拓展
类似于enjoy的用法的动词还有：mind(介意），finish(完成），practise（练习）等。
注意
enjoy后不用不定式作宾语。
（2）enjoy oneself意思是“过得快乐，玩得愉快”，相当于have a good time或have fun. We're enjoying ourselves very much in Shanghai. 我们现在在上海玩得很开心。
3. But it takes a long time. 但是会花费很长时间。
本句是一个省略句，其完整的表达是：But it takes a long time to watch English films and listen to real English songs, it是形式主语，to watch… songs是真正的主语。It takes sb. some time to do sth.（某人花一些时间做某事。）是一个常见的句型。take在此处意为“花费”。
4. This is a great way to learn English! 这是学习英语的一个很好的方式！
a great / good way to do sth.意为“做某事的一个好方式”，动词不定式作定语。
Watching English films is a great way to improve your English.
观看英文电影是提高你的英语水平的一个好方式。
5. Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep breath and smile! 很多人说英语时感觉不好意思，所以，在你开始讲英语之前深呼吸一下，笑一笑！（1）此句是一个复合句, so引导的为结果状语从句。在这个句子里还含有when和before引导的时间状语从句。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体，从句不能独立使用，且从句用陈述语序。时间状语从句常用when （当……时候），as (当……时候）,while(当……时候）,before (在……之前）, after( ……之后）,as soon as (一……就……）
等引导。当主句是一般将来时的时候, 在时间状语从句中，要特别注意用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话
He was tired, so he went to bed. 因为他累了，所以他去睡觉了。
（2）breath意为“呼吸”，名词，其动词形式是breathe。Take a deep breath意为“深呼吸”。Before he jumped into the water, he took a deep breath.
他在跳入水中之前深深地吸了一口气。
6. Smiling always helps. 微笑总是很有用的。
smiling是动词smile的动名词形式，在句中作主语。动名词作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。
7. Li Hao takes a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English...
李浩花很长时间看英文电影、听英文歌曲……
take作“花费”讲时，主语一般不能为“人”，所以此句最好用以下方式表达：
①It takes Li Hao a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English.
②Li Hao spends a long time (in) watching films and listening to songs in English
8. Do you find it easy to have a conversation in English? 你觉得用英语交谈容易吗？
此句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语。当宾语是不定式或动名词时，如果其后跟有宾语补足语，则常常用形式宾语it，而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语之后。
I find it boring to play computer games. 我发现玩电脑游戏很无聊。
9. Try to remember all the things you're good at in English，and make a list.
尽量记住你在英语方面擅长的事情并列表。
be good at意为“擅长，在……方面做得好”,后面若跟动词，则用v.-ing形式。
He is good at dancing. 他擅长跳舞。
拓展
do well in 与be good at 同义。
Mike is good at English. = Mike does well in English. 迈克擅长英语。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Why does Mary want to invite other students, too?
为什么玛丽也想邀请其他的同学？
invite用作动词，意为“邀请；招待”，常用结构为invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”。
They invited their parents to watch the movie together. 他们邀请他们的父母一起看这部电影.
拓展
invitation作名词，意为“邀请”，
Did you get an invitation to the party? 你获邀参加那场聚会了吗？
2. Why does Charlie think borrowing magazines might be a good idea?
为什么査理认为借杂志可能是一个好主窻？
borrow意为“借”，指从某人或某地借东西。
How many books did they borrow from the library yesterday?
昨天，他们从图书馆借了多少本书？
辨析：borrow, lend 与keep
词条：borrow 辨析：对主语而言为“借入”，指向别人或从别处借东否，为非延续性动词搭配：borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere 从某人/某处借某物
词条：lend 辨析：对主语而言为“借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人，为非延续性动词搭配：lend sb. sth; lend sth. to sb. 将某物借给某人
词条：keep 辨析：“借，持有”，指借用某物一段时间，为延续性动词搭配：keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段时间
He borrowed a dictionary from the library.
他从图书馆借了一本词典
I lent my bike to him yesterday.
＝1 lent him my bike yesterday. 昨天我把自行车借给他了。
How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多长时间？
用法诀窍
“借”有巧法
“借”看执行者，“借出”用lend,“借入”是borrow。如果用keep，表示“借多久”。假如看不完，“续借”用renew。
3. It's difficult to understand TV programmes in English. 理解英文电视节目是困难的。
“It is +adj. +of / for sb. to do sth. ”是一个常用句型，若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，clever, careless，polite, foolish等，用of sb. 若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important，dangerous, (im) possible, necessary 等。
It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。
It's careless of you to leave the keys in the car. 你真粗心，把钥匙落在车上
It's important for you to listen to the radio in English. 对你来说收听英语广播很重要。
中考链接
Is ______ easy to ______ who picks the fruit and vegetables on your net farm?
A. that；find
B. it；finding
C. that? find out
D. it; find out
解析：It is + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事……”，“查明，发现”用find out ,故选D。
答案：D
4. I left my homework at home. 我把作业忘在家里了。
leave的用法：
（1）leave vt. 离开；留下；剩下，忘记；保持（某种状态）
He often leaves his home in the morning. 他经常在早晨离开家。
He left the door open. 他开着门就出去了。
Please leave the book on the desk. 请把这本书留在桌子上。
I always leave my books in my classroom.我总是把书忘在教室里。
（2）leave vi. 离开，出发
He is leaving for Tianjin tomorrow. 他明天要动身去天津。
温馨提示
leave与forget这两个词都有“忘记”之意，但leave经常和表示地点的介词短语连用；forget 通常不与表示地点的介词短语连用。因此，不说：I always forget my books in my classroom. leave还有“留给”的含义。leave后可接两个代词作宾语，如：leave sb. sth.留给某人某物。Last time you left the umbrella at home. Today，you mustn't forget it any more. 上次你把雨伞忘在家里了，今天一定别再忘了带。
5 … but how can I practise speaking English? ……但我怎样练习说英语呢？
practise doing sth. 表示“练习做某事”。
I often practise playing the guitar.我经常练习弹吉他。
practise的名词形式是practice，表示“练习；实习”。
Piano playing needs a lot of practice. 弹钢琴需要多练习。
注意
practise后接动名词，不接不定式。
辨析：practise 与exercise
Practise 指为了求得学问上或技术上的熟练而一再地练习
Exercise 指为了锻炼身心而有规则地按照一定方式练习
一言辩异
I practised volleyball every afternoon ——it was also great exercise for me.
每天下午我都练习打排球，对我来说，这也是个很好的锻炼方式。
6. It's good for your vocabulary. 那对你的词汇有好处。
be good for... 对……有好处（有益处）
Many people love this time of year, because it is good for sports.
很多人喜欢一年中的这个时节，因为它适合运动。
Eating fruit is good for our health. 吃水果对我们的健康有益。
拓展
be bad for... 对……有害
Eating too much is bad for our health. 吃得太多对我们的健康有害。
7. If there isn't, why don't you start one with your friends?
如果没有，你和你的朋友们为什么不开办一个呢？
one作代词，用于泛指前面提到过的名词，其复数形式是ones。
Your coat is good. I also want to buy one.你的外套很好。我也想买一件。
辨析：it与one
（1）it作代词，可用来指代前面提到的同一人或物，其复数形式为they。
I want to use your ruler. Lend it to me，please. 我想用你的尺子。请把它借给我。
（2）one所代替的是同类亊物中的一个，泛指前面所提到的人或物，其复数形式为ones。
I have no exercise books. Lend me one. 我没有练习本。借给我一个。
I have a new hat and several old ones. 我有一顶新帽子和几顶旧帽子。
（3）it还可以代替上文中的句子或句子中的某一部分，而one则不能。
My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 当我在公园里散步时，我的钢笔掉在地上了。一位女士路过时看见了。（此句中的it指my pen dropped on the ground 这件事）
（4）可以在one / ones前加冠词表示特指。
The one in the red coat is Miss White. 那个穿红色外套的是怀特小姐。
8. How about playing a few games and listening to some music?
做几个游戏并听一些音乐怎么样？
a few的用法：
a few意为“一些,几个”，用于可数名词复数前，相当于several或some，表示肯定概念。
I have a few books about pronunciation. 我有几本关于发音的书。
辨析：few, a few, little与a little
意义：否定（几乎没有，少）修饰可数名词复数：few 修饰不可数名词：little
意义：肯定（有些，有几个）修饰可数名词复数：a few 修饰不可数名词：a little
There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.
冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了，所以我必须去买一些.
There are only a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn't buy some at once.
冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋，所以我不必立刻去买。
There's little rice in the bowl. 碗里没多少米饭了。
I can only speak a little French. 我只会说一点儿法语。
用法诀窍
同学们使用little，a little, few，a few这几个词语时，常常弄错，为便于记忆，特编成下面几句顺口溜，供同学们学习时参考：few，little有异同，修饰名词（可数或不可数）要记清，其前有“a”表肯定，其前无“a”表否定。
只有几粒豆子a few beans
只有一点儿牛奶a little milk
几乎没有豆子few beans
几乎没有牛奶little milk
9. And don’ t forget to watch TV…不要忘了看电视……
辨析：forget to do sth. 与forget doing sth.
词条：forget to do sth. 辨析：忘记去做某事例句：He forgot to tell her about it. 他忘记告诉她这件事了。（没告诉）
词条：forget doing sth. 辨析：忘记做过某事例句：I'm sorry. I forgot meeting you in Shanghai last year. 很抱歉，我忘了去年在上海见过你了。
中考链接
Don't forget ______ an umbrella ______ you. It's going to rain.
A. to take；to
B. taking；to
C. to take；with
D. taking；with
解析：由后一句可知，天还没下雨，所以是不要忘记带把伞，用forget to do；take sth. with sb.随身携带某物，所以选C。
答案:C
Module 2 Experiences
第一单元
内容详解
I. Have you ever entered a competition? 你曾经参加过比赛吗？
（1）ever用作副词，意为“曾经”，常用于现在完成时态的句子中，位于助动词和过去分词之间。
—Have you ever read Harry Potter？你曾经读过《哈利?波特》吗？
—Yes, I have. / No，never. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我从未读过。
注意.———ever的反义词是never,意为“从未，从来没有”0
注意：ever的反义词是never，意为“从未，从来没有”。
副词ever的用法比较灵活，现归纳如下：
句型：一般疑问句含义：曾经；以前例句：Have you ever travelled to Mount Huang? 你曾去黄山旅游过吗？
句型：否定句含义：无论何时；至今例句：We hardly ever drink coffee. 我们从未喝过咖啡。
句型：条件句含义：任何时候；任何场合例句：If you ever have any trouble, I'll help you. 任何时候你有困难，我都会帮助你。
（2）enter表示“报名参加”。take part in，join也可以表示参加。join指的是参加组织、团体，take part in常指参加活动。
join the army 参军
take part in Project Hope 参加希望工程
2. Has she visited China before ? 她以前来过中国吗？
before的用法：
（1）作为副词，意为“以前”。常与现在完成时连用，也可与一般过去时连用。通常位于句末。
He has never seen such a huge stone before. 他以前从未见过这么大的石头。
（2）作为介词或连词，意在“在……之前”，可表示时间、位置、顺序等。
My father usually goes to bed before 9：00 pm. 我父亲通常在晚上9点之前去睡觉。（介词）Turn off the light before you leave the room. 离开房间前关上灯。（连词）
辨析：ago 与before
Ago 指从现在算起的一段时间以前，因而动词用过去式
Before 指某一时间点之前，用于多种时态
用法诀窍
Before 常在点之前，ago常在段之后。Before时态不确定，一般过去用ago。
3. So I think she'll like it here 所以，我认为她会喜欢这儿的。
I think…意为“我想……；我认为……；我觉得……”，后面常接一个宾语从句，表示“我认为”的内容，指说话人的看法。在这一句型中，可以用其他主语替换I，表示别人对某事的看法。
I think you are wrong. 我认为你错了。
She thinks you are right. 她认为你对了。
拓展
在I / We think ( suppose, believe, imagine )…等句式中，若从句有否定意义，则否定词应前移至主句中，即否定转移。
I don't think he will come. (√) I think he will not come. ( ×)
4. And Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day. 而且萨莉已经邀请我有时间到英国去她那儿(待几天）。
one day意为“某一天”。
I met him in the street one day last month. 上个月的某一天我在街上遇见他了。
辨析：some day 与one day
Some day “将来的某一天”，用于一般将来时态中。
One day “将来的某一天”或“过去的某一天”，用于一般将来时或一般过去时的句子中。
5. The problem is the price of the ticket. 问题是机票太贵了。
problem作为名词，意为“问题，难题”。
Pollution brings a lot of problems. 污染带来了许多问题。
辨析：problem 与question
词条：problem 辨析：着重指难以解决（solve)的“问题”或“难题”例句：The government is trying to solve the problem. 政府正在努力解决这一问题。
词条：question 辨析：指提出（ask）并有待回答（answer)的“问題”“疑问”例句：Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问題吗？
6. Take off from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London. 从北京首都机场飞抵伦敦。
take off的用法：
（1）take off为动词短语，属于动副结构，在本句中表示“起飞”，与其相对应的词为land，意为“降落，着陆”。
Please drive faster. My plane is taking off. 请再开快一点，我的飞机马上就要起飞了。
The plane will land soon. 飞机很快就要降落了。
（2）take off 还可意为“脱掉；休假”，take后可接名词或代词作宾语。
It's very hot here. Take off your coat. 这里很热。脱下你的外套吧。
He is going to take three days off from work. 他打箅休3天假。
中考链接
1. The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.
A. take up
B. take out
C. take away
D. take off
解析：本题考查由take构成的动词短语。take up开始从事，占据；take out拿出，取出；take away拿走；take off起飞。由句意“这架飞机将从北京首都机场起飞，然后在伦敦降落”可知本题应选D。
答案：D
7. Write about a wonderful experience. 写一篇关于美好经历的短文。
experience在此用作名词，意为“经历”，是可数名词。
Jay Chou has a lot of unusual experiences. 周杰伦有很多不平凡的经历。
拓展
（1）experience用作名词，还可表示“经验”，是不可数名词。表示做某事的经验时，其后常接in / of doing sth.
Mr Wang has so much experience in teaching. 王老师在教学方面有如此多的经验。
（2）experience还可作动词，意为“体验；经历”，后面必须接宾语。
The girl has never experienced sadness. 这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。
8. It sounds brilliant! 那听起来棒极了！
sound用作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面常接形容词作表语，有时也可接介词短语。The story sounds boring. 这个故事听起来很无聊。
拓展
sound也可用作名词，意为“声音”，指自然界中所有的声音，可以是悦耳的声音，也可以是噪音。
We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
温馨提示
初中阶段出现的连系动词有：一“是”（be），一“感觉”（feel），一“保持”（keep)，三个“变得”（become，get，turn)，四个“……起来”（look. sound, smell，taste)。它们中除be 和become等可接名词作表语外，一般都接形容词作表语。
9. When you go to sleep，what do you dream about? 当你睡觉时，你梦到什么？
dream about意为“梦见，梦到”，相当于dream of。
固定短语：dream of / about sth. 梦想/梦见某物
dream of / about doing sth. 梦想做某事
The soldier dreamt of home.这个士兵梦见了家。
He dreams of becoming a pilot.他一心想当飞行员。
dream与not, little，never等连用时，意为“想不到”。
I little dreamt of it. 我做梦也没想到这件事。
第2单元
内容详解
1.Wei Ming has been all over China by plane. 魏明乘飞机到过中国很多地方。
By plane 乘飞机
We went there by plane. 我们乘飞机去的那里。
拓展
交通方式常用的表达方法：
（1）take + the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。
He takes the train to Shenyang every year. 他每年乘火车去沈阳。
I usually take the subway to go home. 我通常乘地铁回家。
（2）by+表示交通工具的名词，表示泛指乘某种交通工具。如：by bus乘公共汽车，by train 乘火车，by bike骑自行车，by taxi乘出租车。该介词短语在句中作状语。
He goes to Shenyang by train every year. 他每年乘火车去沈阳。
I usually go home by subway. 我通常乘地铁回家。
1. by+ sea by+ water by+ ship 乘船/由水路
2.by+ air by+ plane 乘飞机
3.by+ land 经陆路by+ train 乘火车by+ bus 乘公共汽车
（3）on / in+限定词+表示交通工具的名词，可用来表示具体的交通方式。一般情况下，无厢、无舱的只能用on，如on the bike，其他的既可用in，也可用on，如in / on the plane。但只能说in the car，不能说on the car。
I hope more and more people go to work on their bikes.
我希望越来越多的人骑自行车去上班。
I usually take my daughter to school in my car.
我通常开车送女儿去上学。
（4）动词+to+地点名词。动词walk，ride, drive, fly等可直接表达交通方式，后接to再跟地点名词，表示“通过/用……（交通方式）去某地”。
I hope more and more people ride to work.
我希望越来越多的人骑自行车去上班。
2. Is there anywhere she hasn't visited? 还有什么地方她没去过吗？
（1）句子she hasn't visited作定语修饰anywhere，为定语从句。
（2）anywhere可用作副词或代词，意为“任何地方”。
I can't find my bag anywhere. 我哪儿也找不到我的书包了。
辨析：anywhere, somewhere, everywhere与nowhere
Anywhere “任何地方”，用于否定句和疑问句
Somewhere “某个地方”，用于肯定句
Everywhere “到处”
Nowhere “没有一处”，表示否定的含义
3. I've never been to Shanghai！我还没有去过上海！
have been to的用法：
（1）Have been to意为“曾经去过……”，表示一种经历，实际上讲的是过去的情况，强调去过，着重指到目前为止的一个结果。
I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去过长城。
（2）have been to后可接次数（如once, twice, three times等），表示“去过某地几次”，也可与just, never, ever等连用。
My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。
拓展
①have gone to意为“到……去了”，表示现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了，实际上讲的是现在的情况，着重指现在人不在，限用于第三人称，不用于第一、二人称。
She has gone to Shanghai for holidays. 她已经去上海度假了。
②have been in后面可接表示地点的名词，表状态，意为“在某地”，也可接表示组织、团体的名词，意为“加入……”。
He has been in the Party for two years. 他入党已经两年了。
He has been in England for 3 days. 他在英国待了三天了。
注意
have been to, have gone to 和have been in后接表示地点的副词there, here等时，介词to和in常省略。
They have gone there. 他们已经去那里了。
用法诀窍
巧记have been to与have gone to的用法区别
been to, gone to意不同，两者用法要记清，
have been to + 地名，“曾经到过某地”行。
have gone to +地点，“到了某地”无踪影。
中考链接
—Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?
—Yes. I ______ there for three days with my parents last month.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. went
D. was
解析：本题考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。由答语中的last month可知，答语应用一般过去时，故排除A、B两项。而went是非延续性动词，不能与for three days连用，故选
D。
答案：D
4. I like San Francisco very much because there's a lot to see and do there.
我非常喜欢旧金山，因为那里有很多可看和可做的。
a lot意为“许多，大量”，其近义词为many, much；反义词为few, little。
We learnt a lot from our teacher. 我们从老师那里学到了很多。
拓展
（1）a lot作副词用，意为“很，非常”，相当于very much。
Thanks a lot. 多谢。
a lot作副词用时主要是作状语，也可修饰比较级。但very much不可用于修饰比较级。
I am feeling a lot better. 我现在感觉好多了。
（2）a lot of = lots of意为“许多，大量”，作定语，常用在肯定句中。后面接可数名词时同义词是many；后面接不可数名词时同义词是much。
There are a lot of / lots of people in the shop today.（相当于many）今天商店里有很多人。There is a lot of / lots of rain in summer here. （相当于much）这里夏天多雨。
5. He's given concerts all over China and the tickets have always sold out.
他在中国各地举办过演唱会，门票总是一售而光。
sell out意为“售完，卖光”，该短语为动副型结构的短语，可用于被动语态，表示商品已经卖完。该短语后面不接宾语时，作不及物动词短语，要用表示事物的名词作主语；若后面接宾语时，该短语用作及物动词短语，要用表示人的词作主语。
The tickets for the game have sold out. 比赛的门票已销售一空。
She has sold out all the books. 她把所有的书都卖了。
6. At the end she got up, and Zhang Ziyi was in the seat beside her.
电影演完她站了起来，而章子怡就坐在她旁边。
（1）at the end在此指“(在电影)结束时”。
辨析：at the end与in the end
At the end “在……末尾/末端”，既可指时间，也可指位置，其后常加介词of
In the end “最后；终于”，只指时间，相当于finally, 其后不接介词of
We sang an English song at the end of the party. 在晚会结束时，我们唱了一首英文歌。
In the end, they became good friends. 他们最终成了好朋友。
（2）beside是介词，意为“在……旁边”。
They lived in a small village beside a river. 他们住在河边的一个小村子里。
7. I’ ve always wanted to meet her. 我一直想见她（章子怡）。
Have / has always done表示“总是/一直做某事”。
She has always wanted to become a singer. 她总想成为一名歌唱家。
I've always wanted to go to the USA and Europe. 我一直想去美国和欧洲。
Pizza has always been my favourite food. 比萨饼一直是我的最爱。
第3单元
内容详解
1.I’ve done so many things！我已经做了很多亊情！
so adv.如此
He runs so fast. 他跑得如此快！
I have so much homework to do.我有如此多的作业要做。
拓展
“so+形容词”修饰可数名词单数时，其结构为“so+形容词+a / an+可数名词单数”，相当于“such + a / an + adj.(形容词）+可数名词单数”。
He’s so clever a boy. = He's such a clever boy. 他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
2. There's only one thing I haven't done yet：…只有一件事情我还没有做：……
yet意为“（迄今）还，尚”，常用在否定句、疑问句中。通常位于句末。
I haven't done my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
注意
yet用于肯定句中与比较级连用，用来加强语气，意为“更”，yet较为正式，口语中常用still。You must work yet harder. 你必须更加努力工作。
拓展
yet意为“已经”时，句中的谓语动词在英式英语中常用现在完成时，而在美式英语中常用一般过去时。肯定句中要用already；在否定句中表示“还（有）”只能用yet，不能用already 或still。
Have you received the parcel yet?（英式英语）
= Did you receive the parcel yet? （美式英语）你收到包裏了吗？
3. live in another country 住在另一个国家
another adj. &pron. 指三者或三者以上中不确定的一个；指另一个，其后跟可数名词单数。Would you like another apple？你想再要一个苹果吗？
辨析：another 与more
another与more均可表示“又”“再”之意。
（1）another作此意讲时，通常有以下两种用法：①后接可数名词单数；②another+基数词+复数名词（=基数词+more+复数名词）。
May I have another two / two more bananas? 我可以再吃两个香蕉吗？
（2）more作此意讲时，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。more应放在数量词的后面。
There are only twelve candles. We'll need one more/another one.
只有12支蜡烛，我们还需要一支。
Would you like some more tea?（不能说：… another some…）
你要再喝些茶吗？
4. How many times has Winnie been to the United States? 温妮去过美国多少次？
time在此为可数名词，意为“次数”。“一次”为once，“两次”为twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+ times”表示。对“次数”提问时用how many times。
—How many times have you seen the film?这部电影你看过几次了？
—Only once.只有一次。
My father has been to Beijing four times.我父亲去过北京4次了。
5. Since then over 400 million people have visited Disneyland theme parks.
从那时起，已有4亿多人参观了迪斯尼主题公园。
（1）since then意为“从那时起（到现在）”，常用于现在完成时。
His mother began working in 1995. She's been a doctor since then.
他母亲1995年幵始工作。从那时起她就成为了一名医生。
（2）million意为“百万”，与具体的数字连用时，不加s, 后面直接接复数名词。固定短语millions of…意为“数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。Millions of people help them in different ways. 数百万人以不同的方式帮助他们。
用法诀窍
hundred, thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。清时无s和of，糊时s和of跟。
中考链接
Because of Project Hope，______ children have better lives.
A. thousand
B. thousands
C. thousand of
D. thousands of
解析：本题考查固定搭配。thousands of是固定短语，意为“成千上万的”，常用来形容数量之多。句意为：因为希望工程，成千上万的孩子有了更好的生活。
答案：D
Module 3 Journey to space
第1单元
1. It has already sent messages back to Earth. 它已经把信息发送回地球了。
already作为副词，意为“已经，早已”。
He has already known the news. 他已经知道这个消息了。
辨析：already 与yet
Already：一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示“惊喜，意外”
Yet：一般用于否定句或疑问句，常用于句末。
Have you done it already ? 你已经做好啦？（好快）
Already（肯定句）yet（疑问句）not yet
Haven't you done it yet? 你还没有做好吗？（太慢）
2. Hi Daming, I've just made this model of the space station.
嗨，大明，这是我刚做的宇宙空间站模型。
just表示“刚刚”，常与现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时连用。just用在现在完成时的句子中时，应位于助动词have/has之后，实义动词之前。
I've just had breakfast. 我刚刚吃过早饭。
Has she just arrived home? 她刚到家吗？
辨析：just 与just now
Just: “刚刚”，常用于现在完成时，位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。
Just now：“刚才”，相当于a moment ago, 用于一般过去时，通常位于句末。
I’ve just finished my homework. 我刚写完作业。
I saw her in the library just now. 刚才我在图书馆看见她了。
温馨提示
另外，just now还有“眼下；现在”之意，常用于进行时或一般现在时的句子中。
I'm busy just now. 眼下我正忙着呢。
3. It has taken several months to get there. 宇宙飞船要飞几个月才能到达那里。
（1）本句所使用的句型为：It takes (sb. ) some time to do sth. 意为“（某人）花费时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语，动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语，它常常与句型Sb. spend(s)…doing sth.互换。
It took him 5 minutes to draw a horse. —He spent 5 minutes drawing a horse.
他花5分钟时间画了一匹马。
（2）several adj. & pron.几个
①several可作形容词，有两种含义：“各自的”和“几个”。它只能修饰可数名词。
They went their several ways. 他们各走各的路。
Several days later she came again. 几天后她又来了。
②several可作代词，意为“几个，数个”。
—Excuse me, have you got any books about history?
打扰了，请问你们有一些历史方面的书吗？
—Yes, we've got several. 是的，我们有几本。
4. Has it arrived yet? 它已经到达了吗？
arrive v.到达
They arrived in Beijing three days ago. 3天前他们到达了北京。
Arrive 后面的介词，由到达地点的大小来决定
In 用于较大的地方，如国家、大都市等
At 用于较小的、具体的场所，如镇、家、店、车站、银行等
辨析：arrive, get与reach
Get to=arrive at / in = reach 到达
Get to Beijing
arrive in Beijing
reach Beijing
（地点名词）
Get home
Arrive here
Reach there
（地点副词）
We arrived home late in the evening. 我们晚上很晚才到家
We arrived at the airport by taxi. 我们乘出租车到达机场。
What time does the plane get to New York? 这架飞机几点到达纽约？
They reach school at half past six in the morning. 他们早上六点半到校。
When did you get here? 你们什么时候到达这里的？
5. That's why it's on the news. 所以新闻才报道啊。
That's why... 意为“那就是……的原因”，why后用陈述语序。
That's why she was late.那就是她迟到的原因。
That's why I like music.那就是我喜欢音乐的原因。
6. Can I show your space station to my parents ?
我能把你制作的宇宙空间站拿给我父母看看吗？
show用作及物动词，意为“出示；展示，给……看”，常用于show sth. to sb.或show sb. sth.结构中。
Please show me your new computer. = Please show your new computer to me.
请把你的新电脑给我看看。
注意
当show的宾语是代词时，只能用show sth. to sb.结构。
Will you please show it to me? 让我看看它好吗？
7. But bring it back tomorrow. 但是明天要拿回来啊。
bring作动词，意为“带来；拿来”。
Please bring me the book. = Please bring the book to me. 请把那本书带给我。
辨析：bring, take，carry 与fetch
Bring: 为“带来；拿来”，其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，也可接双宾语，指从别处把某人或某物“带来；拿来（从外往里带）”，其方向是指向说话人
Take: 意为“带走；拿走”，其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，也可接双宾语，指从这里把某人或某物“带走；拿走（从这里往外拿）”，其方向为远离说话人
Carry: 表示“搬；扛；拿”等，其后也可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，carry指随身携带，没有特定的方向性
Fetch: 表示“去取来”，后面可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，其同义词为get，其方向是先离去，再返回
Please bring your book here. 请把你的书带到这儿来。
Let's take Mary to the cinema. 让我们带玛丽去看电影吧。
He often carries water for us. 他经常给我们提水。
Please fetch my coat from my bedroom. 请去我的卧室把我的外套拿来。
第2单元
1. However, we have’t found life on other planets yet.
但是，我们还没有发现其他行星上有生命存在。
（1）however 是副词，一般是置于两句之间，其前后用逗号与句子隔开，表示转折。但是however与but不同，but后不能用逗号，且but的转折意味比however更强。
Sales are poor this month. There may, however, be an increase before Christmas.
这个月销售量不理想。不过，圣诞节之前也许会上升。
She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.
她努力学习，但是没通过考试。
（2）辨析：the other(s)与other(s) .
①the other与other后可加名词；the others与others后不加名词。
②the others表示一定范围内除去一部分后其余的全体；others表示除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体。
I have two pens. One is black and the other (one) is blue.
我有两支钢笔，一支是黑色的，另一支是蓝色的。
Give me some other apples / others，please!请再给我一些苹果吧!
中考链接
New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and ______ is South Island.
A. another
B. the other
C. other
D. the others
解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个；the other用作形容词或代词，指两者中的另一个；other只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；the others 指其余的全部。由句中关键词two islands知本题选B。
答案：B
2. None of them has an environment with air, so people and things cannot grow.
这些行星上没有空气，所以人和其他东西不能生存。
none作为代词，意为“没有一个”，既可表示“没有一个人”,也可以表示“没有一个事物”,作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数。none常与表示范围的of短语连用，表示完全否定。none of作主语时，如果指代可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数；如果指代不可数名词，则谓语动词只能用单数。
None of them come / comes from America. 他们都不来自美国。
None of the money is mine. 这些钱没有一点儿是我的。
辨析：no one 与none
（1）no one用来指人，含有“not even one（连一个也没有）”之意，其后不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
No one likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
（2）none不仅可以指人，也可以指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of+名词/代词”结构，当名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。
None of us have/has seen her. 我们没有人见过她。
（3）none还可用于表示抽象概念，意为“一点儿也不”。
She wanted to go there alone, but her parents would have none of it.
她想要一个人到那儿去，但她父母不允许她这么做。
（4）在简略答语中，no one用来回答who引起的问句，而none则用来回答“how many+名词复数”，“how much+不可数名词”以及含有“any+名词”引起的疑问句。
—How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
—None. 一个也没有。
—Is there any water in the cup? 杯子里有水吗？
—None. 没有。
—Who can answer the question? 谁能回答这个问题？
—No one. 没有人。
3. The stars we see at night are the suns in other solar systems.
晚上我们看到的星星是其他星系的恒星。
sun在这里作“恒星”讲。
Our sun is only one of many suns in the heavens.
我们的太阳只是天际中许多恒星中的一颗。
4. They are a long way away and their light has travelled for many years to reach us.
它们离我们很遥远，它们的光要经过很多年才能到达我们地球。
a long way away遥远，相当于far away。类似的构成：
My home is about two kilometres away from our school.
我家离我们学校大约有两千米远。
5. Scientists have sent lots of spacecraft to look at other planets in our solar system，and some spacecraft have gone beyond the solar system.
科学家们已经发射了很多宇宙飞船来观测太阳系中的其他行星，一些宇宙飞船已飞到了太阳系之外。
spacecraft宇宙飞船，单复数同形。
The spacecraft is supposed to land here. 宇宙飞船预计在这里着陆。
Most of the spacecraft are sent into space at this launch site.
大多数飞船是从这个发射基地发射到太空的。
6. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?
宇宙中有这么多星星，我们到底是孤独的呢，抑或太空中还有其他生命呢？
（1）with so many stars in the universe 是介词短语，在句中作状语，表示伴随情况。
The boy ran in, with an apple in his hand. 那个小男孩手里拿着苹果跑了进来。
（2）so many意为“如此多”，后接可数名词复数。
There are so many people in the supermarket. 超市里有如此多的人。
（3）alone adj.孤单的，孤独的；adv. 独自；单独地
If you don't want to go alone, I'll go with you.
如果你不想一个人去，我和你一起去。
辨析：alone与lonely
Alone 只表示“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩
Lonely 可表示人“孤独的，寂寞的”，也可表示地方“荒凉的，人烟稀少的”
—言辨异
I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.
我独自行走在荒凉的山里，虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。
7. They've visited most of the universe.他们己到达了宇宙的大部分。
most of... ……中的大多数，后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。most of... 短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。
Most of the students in our class go to school by bike. 我们班的大多数学生骑自行车上学。Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。
8. What costs a million yuan？什么价值100万元？
cost用作动词，意为“价格是，花费，价值”，其过去式和过去分词均为cost。
The book costs 20 yuan. 这本书的价格是20元。
The bike cost me 350，这辆自行车花了我350元钱。
注意
cost的主语通常是物。
9. prefer life on Mars更喜欢火星上的生活
prefer用作及物动词，意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，相当于like better，其过去式、过去分词为preferred，现在分词为preferring。prefer用法比较灵活，后面可跟名词、代词、不定式等。
—Do you like coffee? 你喜欢咖啡吗？
—Yes. But I prefer tea. 是的，但我更喜欢茶。
I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping this weekend.
这个周末我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。
prefer A to B是一个常考结构，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以是动名词。
I prefer apples to bananas. 苹果和香蕉相比，我更喜欢苹果。
She prefers singing to dancing. 唱歌和跳舞相比，她更喜欢唱歌。
第3单元
内容详解
1. The space shuttle has returned from a visit to the space station.
航天飞机访问太空站后返回。
a visit to... 对……的参观/访问，visit在此为名词，意为“参观，访问”
拓展
visit常用在下列短语中：for a visit参观；on a visit to. to... 拜访……
They went to the Summer Palace for a visit. 他们参观了颐和园。
We are on a visit to London at the moment.目前我们正在访问伦敦。
2. Did you know that scientists have discovered water on Mars?
你知道科学家们在火星上发现水了吗？
Discover v. 意为“发现”，即发现原来早已存在但人们还不知道的东西，如新大陆、科学规律等。
That was what she set out to discover. 那就是她着手去发现的东西。
拓展
invent作动词，与discover是近义词，意为“发明”，即发明以前从未存在过的东西。
He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种生产丝绸的新方法。
3. So far there's only life on Earth. 到目前为止，只有地球上有生命。
so far是固定词组，意为“到目前为止”，指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在这一段时间，常用于现在完成时态中。
So far we've planted more than 2，000 trees.
到目前为止，我们已种了2 000多棵树。
4.1 haven't read anything as good as that for a long time!
我很长时间没有读到和它一样好的东西了！
As…as的用法
（1）as…as意为“像……一样……”，这是两者之间的同级比较，中间应使用形容词或副词的原级。
She is as tall as I / me. 她和我一样高。
（2）as…as的否定形式为not as / so… as，意为“不如……”。
Tom doesn't sing as / so well as Lucy. 汤姆不如露西唱得好。
用法诀窍
同等程度的比较，肯定形式用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”，否定形式用“not so/as+形容词/副词原级+ as”。
This book is (not) as thick as that one. 这本书不如那本书厚。
5. It is so good that I've already asked the library to keep the next book for me!
它是如此好，以至于我己经让图书馆为我留着下一本！
so...that用来引导表示结果或程度的从句，意思为“如此……以致（因而）”。so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+ adj./adv. +that从句。
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得如此快，我都追不上他了。
2020-2021学年第一学期期末测试 人教版八年级英语试题 听力部分 一、听力理解 A.听句子 根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题，选择符合题意的图画回答问题，并将最佳选项的字母编号填涂在答题卷内.每小题听一遍. 1. What ig Tim’s favorite animal? A. B. C. 2. Where did Alice go last Wednesday? A. B. C. 3. When did Tom go to the Great Wall? A. B. C. 4. How many footballs does Sam have? A. B. C. 5.Who is Mandy’s best friend?A. B. C. B.听对话回答每段对话后面的问题，在各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其字母编号填
涂在答题卷内.每段对话听两遍. 听第一段对话，回答第6小题. 6. What is Bob’s favorite sport? A. Running. B. Swimming. C. Dancing. 听第二段对话，回答第7小题. 7. Where does the woman want to go? A. To a bookstore. B. To a restroom. C. To a bank. 听第三段对话，回答第8小题. 8. When did John buy the jacket? A. Tomorrow. B. Yesterday. C. The day before yesterday. 听第四段对话，回答第9小题. 9. How many kinds of noodles does the restaurant have? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. 听第五段对话，回答第10小题. 10. Who will go to see the movie My People, My Country? A. Jim. B. Alice. C. Jim and Alice. 听第六段对话，回答第11~12小题. 11. What does Lin Tao often read? A. Books. B. Newspapers. C. Magazines. 12. When does Lin Tao remember English new words again? A. After going to bed. B. Before going to bed. C. After waking up. 听第七段对话，回答第13~15小题. 13. Where will they go for lunch today? A. At McDonald’s. B. At Kung Fu Restaurant. C. At Hong Mei Hotel. 14. What is John going to eat for lunch? A. Tomatoes. B. Chicken. C. Noodles. 15How will they go to eat lunch? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By taxi. C.听短文 请根据所听内容，在每题所给的三个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题的最佳答案，并将其
Module 1 Hobbies 内容详解 1. Which hobby do you think takes up the least spacc? 你认为哪种爱好占用最少的空间？ （1）do you think在此用作插入语，意为“你认为，你觉得”。 When do you think they will arrive here? 你觉得他们会在什么时候到达这里？ How many books do you think there are in the box? 你认为箱子里有多少本书？ 注意 do you think后的句子要用陈述语序。 （2）take up 占据 take up既可指时间上的“占据”，也可指空间上的“占据”。 The job takes up all my time. 这项工作占用了我所有的时间。 The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占空间。 注意 take up是一个由动词加副词构成的短语动词，当它的宾语是代词时，必须放在两者之间。[联想] take off 起飞；脱下take out 拿出take away 拿走take back 归还take down 取下take photos 拍照take part in 参加 2. Sorry it's a bit untidy. 抱歉，这儿有点乱。 a bit意为“有点儿；稍微”，该短语在句中作程度状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或介词短语。a bit还可修饰比较级。 I was a bit ill. 我有点不舒服。 He is a bit older than I. 他比我大一点。 辨析：a hit与a little 相同之处：（1）两者都可以用作名词词组，意为“一点；少许”，在句中作主语或宾语；（2）两者都可以用作副词词组，用来修饰形容词、副词（原级或比较级）或动词。 不同之处：（1）作定语时，a little直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit后面需要加of；（2）如果两者的前面加上not, 则其意义完全不同。not a bit＝not at all，通常用作状语；not a little＝very，可用作状语或定语。 一言辨异 Our English teacher often says that she is not a bit tired but in fact she is not a little tired. 我们的英语老师经常说她一点儿也不累，其实她非常累。 3. I'll tidy up the table and chairs. 我来收拾一下桌椅。 tidy up收拾，整理！ tidy up是由动词tidy和副词up构成的动词短语。它的宾语如果是名词，既坷以放在tidy和up之间，又可放在tidy up之后；如果它的宾语是代词，则必须放在tidy和up中间。Lingling, please help tidy up the dinner table. = Lingling, please help tidy the dinner table up. 玲玲，请帮忙收拾一下饭桌。 There are so many books on the desk. I'll tidy them up. 课桌上有这么多书，我将整理一下。 拓展 tidy还可用作形容词，意为“整洁的”，可以在句子中作定语或表语。
2017—2018学年度下学期期末素质教育测评试卷 八年级英语 （时间：120分钟满分：120分） 一、听力（共二节，计25分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段小对话，每段对话后面对应一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中找出与所听对话内容相符的图片的最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有5秒钟的答题时间并阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 ( ) 1. A. B. C. ( ) 2. A. B. C. ( ) 3. A. B. C. ( ) 4. A. B. C. ( ) 5. A. B. C. 第二节(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分) 听下面7段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后面有几个小题，从题后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的答题时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，完成第6至7小题。
( ) 6. When did Tony go to work in the old people’s home? A. Last weekend. B. Last month. C. Last summer. ( ) 7. What did Tony do for the old people? A. Read newspapers. B. Told stories. C. Cleaned the rooms. 听第7段材料，完成第8至9小题。 ( ) 8. Where are they going tomorrow? A. To the science museum. B. To the art museum. C. To the space museum. ( ) 9. How are they going there? A. Ride their bikes. B. Take the subway. C. Take the bus. 听第8段材料，完成第10至11小题。 ( ) 10. What time did Lucy call Jack yesterday evening? A. At 7:00. B. At 7:30. C. At 8:00. ( ) 11. Who was Jack with? A. His father. B. His mother. C. His friend. 听第9段材料，完成第12至14小题。 ( ) 12. What is Karen going to do using the computer? A. To play games. B. To check the e-mail. C. To buy things. ( ) 13. Where is Karen’s e-pal from? A. Australia. B. French. C. Canada. ( ) 14. What does Karen like doing? A. Traveling. B. Making friends. C. Cooking. 听第10段材料，完成第15至17小题。 ( ) 15. Where is the new library? A. On Ocean Road. B. Next to the museum. B. In London School. ( ) 16. What can they do in the video reading room? A. Listen to tapes. B. Borrow some books. C. Search the Internet. ( ) 17. When can they see a free film? A. On Tuesdays. B. On Saturdays. C. On Sundays. 听第11段材料，完成第18至20小题。 ( ) 18. Why hasn’t Amy done her math homework yet? A. Because it’s too difficult for her. B. Because she wants to wait for Daniel. C. Because she wants to watch TV first. ( ) 19. When are they going to meet after school? A. At four o’clock. B. At five o’clock. C. At six o’clock. ( ) 20. What subject can Amy help Daniel with? A. English. B. Science. C. Physics. 听第12段材料，完成第21至25小题。 ( ) 21. How long has the writer been living in the Taihe village?
初中英语语法八大时 态总结
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight.
2019学年第一学期八年级学生学业水平测试 英语 本试卷共五大题，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、姓名、试室号和座位号；再用2B铅笔把对应该两号码的标号涂黑。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；除作图可用2B 铅笔外，其他都必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答。不准使用涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束,将答题卡交回。 一、单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从1-10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Don’t worry. There is ________wrong with the computer. It’s only because of the power cut. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 2. There are many famous pictures in the museum, ________the Mona Lisa. A. including B. included C. includes D. to include 3. We can ________ robots ________ help us do housework. A. use; for B. use; to C. used; for D. used; to 4. Ice Age V is one of ________ cartoons in 2016. A. more interested B．the most interested C. more interesting D．the most interesting 5. –I don’t like the white shirt. What about you, Simon? –I don’t like it, ________. I prefer the blue one. A. as well B. too C. also D. either 6. – Our country ________ a lot so far. –Yes. I am sure it will be ________ in the future. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better 7. It will be harmful to your hearing ________ you always listen to music by earphone (耳机). A. if B. so C. and D. but 8. To protect our eyes, we ________ keep enough distance from books when we read them. A. should to B. shouldn’t C. ought to D. ought not to 9. －All the workers went home yesterday ________ Mr. Smith. Why? －Because he was on duty. A. except B. except for C. besides D. beside 10. Tom will be ________. His parents are going to have a party for his ________ birthday. A. fourteen; fourteen B. fourteenth; fourteenth C. fourteen; fourteenth D. fourteenth; fourteen
中学教材全解八年级英语（下） Module 1 Hobbies 内容详解 1. Which hobby do you think takes up the least spacc? 你认为哪种爱好占用最少的空间？ （1）do you think在此用作插入语，意为“你认为，你觉得”。 When do you think they will arrive here? 你觉得他们会在什么时候到达这里？ How many books do you think there are in the box? 你认为箱子里有多少本书？ 注意 do you think后的句子要用陈述语序。 （2）take up 占据 take up既可指时间上的“占据”，也可指空间上的“占据”。 The job takes up all my time. 这项工作占用了我所有的时间。
The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占空间。 注意 take up是一个由动词加副词构成的短语动词，当它的宾语是代词时，必须放在两者之间。 [联想] take off 起飞；脱下take out 拿出take away 拿走take back 归还take down 取下take photos 拍照take part in 参加 2. Sorry it's a bit untidy. 抱歉，这儿有点乱。 a bit意为“有点儿；稍微”，该短语在句中作程度状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或介词短语。a bit还可修饰比较级。 I was a bit ill. 我有点不舒服。 He is a bit older than I. 他比我大一点。 辨析：a hit与a little 相同之处：（1）两者都可以用作名词词组，意为“一点；少许”，在句中作主语或宾语；（2）两者都可以用作副词词组，用来修饰形容词、副词（原级或比较级）或动词。
精心整理 人教版八年级英语上期末考试卷及答案 第Ⅰ卷(100分) ws. 第二节：对话理解。(每小题2分，共10分) 听两遍，根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出正确答案。
()6.Howmanypearsdotheyneed? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. ()7.WhatwillDaviddoiftheschoolhasaconcert? A.Playtheguitar. B.Playtheviolin. C.Playthepiano. 提及)intheletter? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. ()12.WhatkindofmilkshakeisAlicesfavorite? A.Bananamikeshake. B.Applemilkshake. C.Carrotmilkshake.
()13.Ifyouwanttomakeacarrotmilkshake,youdontneed_______. A.ice B.honey C.juice ()17.Myfathermustbeangry____me,__________? A.About;mustnthe B.with;mustnthe C.with;neednthe D.with;isnthe ()18.Wehave________studentsthisyearthanlastyear.
A.many B.manymore C.much D.muchmore ()19.Wouldyoulike________now,John? A.sweetanythingeat B.sweetanythingtoeat C.somethingsweeteating D.somethingsweettoeat A.wear B.puton C.with D.in ()25.We_____outgoingand_____swimming. A.areboth,likeboth B.areboth,bothlike C.bothare,bothlike D.bothare,likeboth
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
期中考试八年级英语试卷 Ⅰ听力部分（20分） （本大题共20分，每小题1分） 第一部分听对话回答问题 本部分共有10道小题，每小题你将听到一段对话，每段对话听两遍。在听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读题目；听完后，你还有5秒钟的时间选择你认为最合适的备选答案。在听到“嘀”的信号后，进入下一小题。 1.Which sport is the most popular in their school? A. B. C. 2.How will the woman go to Tiansheng Bridge Park? A. B. C. 3. Where did Amy visit last year? . A A. B. C. 4. What will the girl be when she grows up? A. B. C. 5.What does Jack need for the DIY job? A. B. C. 6. What does the woman want the man to do? A. She wants the man to see a film with her. B. She wants the man to visit a museum. C. She wants the man to play basketball. 7. Who has the fewest apples？ A. Simon B. Millie C. Daniel
8. How will they make their school more beautiful? A. By planting some young trees inside their school. B. By planting some young trees around their school. C. By doing some cleaning. 9. How much should the woman pay for the tickets? A. 64 yuan, B. 72 yuan. C. 96 yuan. 10. What does Sandy mean? A. She likes doing DIY. B. She knows little about DIY. C. She knows a lot about DIY. 第二部分听对话和短文回答问题 你将听到两段对话和一篇短文，各听两遍。听每对话或短文前，你将有时间阅读相关小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后你仍有5秒钟的时间选择你认为最合适的备选答案。 听第11段材料，回答11--12题。 11. Who did Lisa go shopping with? A. Her friend. B. Her sister. C. Her mother. 12. How often does Lisa go shopping? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. 听第12段材料，回答13--15题。 13. How is the man going to the zoo tomorrow? A. By bus. B. By car. C. On foot. 14. When are they going to meet? A. At 9 a.m. B. At 8 a.m. C. At 10 a.m. 15. Where are they going to have lunch? A. In the zoo. B. At Mr. Wu’s home. C. At school. 听第13段材料，回答16—20题。 16. How old is Jenny? A. 14. B. 15. C. 16. 17. What is their favorite color? A. Red. B. Yellow. C. White.
人教版八年级英语期末考试题及答案 八年级上学期期末测试英语试卷 一、单项填空（共25小题，每题1分，计25分） 1. What ____ you ______ at this time yesterday? A. did; do B. are; doing C. were; doing 2. She didn’t go home. I didn’t go home, _______. A. too B. also C. either 3. He asked me _____ a report card. A. write B. writing C. to write 4. The teacher said I could do better _____ English. A. in B. at C. for 5. Thank you for ______ me with my homework. A. help B. helps C. helping 6. ____ is easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. A. It B. That C. This 7. I’m sure he will _____ pass the exam. A. can B. is able to C. be able to 8. ____eye exercises ____ good _____ your eyes. A. Doing; are; for B. Do; is; for C. Doing; is; for
9. The river is very dirty. ______ people want to swim in it. A. A few B. Little C. Few 10. I’ve been ________for five hours. A. skate B. skating C. skated 11. There are many trees on ______ side of the street. A. both B. every C. each 12. The man _____ glasses is my physics teacher. A. with B. has C. wears 13. There is little milk in the bottle, ________? A. is it B. is there C. isn’t there 14. How did you make him______? A. stop talking B. to stop talking C. stops talking 15. Can you tell us ____? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he does live 16. — How do you usually come to school? — _____ my father’s car. A. By B. In C. With 17. The teacher told the children that the earth ____ around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. was moving 18. --- Which do you prefer, oranges or apples?
全书大归纳 核心知识归纳 知识点一动物类群的主要特征 动物类群主要特征举例腔肠 身体呈辐射对称；体表有刺细胞；有口无肛门水螅、海蜇、海葵动物 扁形 身体呈两侧对称；背腹扁平；有口无肛门涡虫、华枝睾吸虫、日 动物本血吸虫 线形 身体细长，呈圆柱形；体表有角质层；有口有肛门蛔虫、蛲虫、钩虫、丝 无脊椎动物虫、线虫 动物环节身体呈圆筒形，由许多彼此相似的体节组成；靠刚毛或疣 蚯蚓、蛭、沙蚕动物足辅助运动 软体 柔软的身体表面有外套膜，大多具有贝壳；运动器官是足河蚌、缢蛏、文蛤、扇 动物贝、蜗牛、乌贼 节肢 体表有坚韧的外骨骼；身体和附肢都分节虾、蜈蚣、蜘蛛动物 鱼生活在水中；体表常有鳞片覆盖；用鳃呼吸；通过尾部和鲫鱼、鲨鱼、带鱼、鲤躯干部的摆动以及鳍的协调作用游泳鱼 两栖幼体生活在水中，用鳃呼吸；成体大多生活在陆地上，也青蛙、蟾蜍、大鲵、蝾 动物可在水中游泳，用肺呼吸，皮肤可辅助呼吸螈 脊椎动爬行体表覆盖角质的鳞片或甲；用肺呼吸；在陆地上产卵，卵 蜥蜴、龟、鳖、蛇、鳄物动物表面有坚韧的卵壳 鸟体表覆羽；前肢变成翼；有喙无齿；有气囊辅助肺呼吸鸽、金雕、丹顶鹤、大山雀、啄木鸟 哺乳 体表被毛；胎生，哺乳；牙齿有门齿、犬齿和臼齿的分化兔、猕猴、野马、非洲 动物象、鲸 知识点二鱼适于水中生活的特点及鸟适于飞行的特点 项目具体内容 体鱼的身体分头部、躯干部和尾部三部分，通常左右侧扁，大多呈流线型，这样 形的体形有利于减少游泳时水的阻力 体 体表常有鳞片覆盖，鳞片的表面有黏液，可以减少游泳时水的阻力 鱼适于水中生活表 的特点呼 用鳃呼吸，可以吸收溶解在水中的氧气 吸 运鳍是鱼的运动器官，通过躯干部和尾部的摆动产生前进的动力，各种鳍起协调 动作用 体 身体呈流线型，可以减少飞行中空气的阻力 形 飞 前肢变成翼，体表被覆羽毛，可以扇动空气而飞行 行 骨骨骼轻、薄、坚固，有些骨内部中空，可以减轻体重 鸟适于飞行的特胸 胸部龙骨突附着有发达的胸肌，牵动两翼扇动空气而飞行肌 点 消 食量大，消化能力强，直肠很短，粪便能够及时排出体外，从而减轻体重化 循 心肌发达，血液运输氧的能力强 环 呼 具有与肺相通的气囊，可以进行双重呼吸，为飞行提供充足的氧气吸 知识点三动物的运动 项目具体内容
人教版八年级下英语期末考试试题 寒窗苦读为前途，望子成龙父母情。祝你八年级英语期末考试取得好成绩，期待你的成功!下面是为大家精心整理的人教版八年级下英语期末考试试题，仅供参考。 人教版八年级下英语期末考试题Ⅰ.听句子,选择与句子内容相符的图片。每个句子读两遍。(每小题1分,共5分) A B C D E 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ⅱ.听句子,选择最佳答语。每个句子读两遍。(每小题1分,共5分) 6.A.Sure. B.You are welcome. C.No,but I don t like it. 7.A.That s great. B.No,thanks. C.I have a headache. 8.A.Yes,I did. B.No,I haven t. C.No,I am not.
9.A.Because I ve bought a new one. B.You can have it for 500 yuan. C.I bought it last year. 10.A.I am watching TV. B.I was doing my homework. C.She was sleeping. Ⅲ.听对话,选择最佳选项。每个对话读两遍。(每小题1分,共5分) 11.Why does Jack look nervous? A.Because his bike is broken. B.Because he can t find his bike. C.Because he has lost the key to his bike. 12.What will Henry do after school? A.Play tennis. B.Take piano lessons. C.Play computer games. 13.Who are the two speakers? A.Mother and son. B.Teacher and student. C.Doctor and patient. 14.How much is the smart phone today? A.200 yuan.
初中英语八大时态结构及用法 时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。 英语八大时态： 一、一般现在时 标志：动词原形 1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用： She often speaks English. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等： He seems to feel a bit down today. He works as a driver.
3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中： Shanghai lies in the east of China. Columbus proved that the earth is round. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. 表示现在瞬间的动作： Here comes the bus! 5. 表示将来： 1）表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如： The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. How often does the shuttle bus run？ 2）在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：When Bill comes（不用will come）ask him to wait for me. I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. 二、一般过去时 标志：动词过去式
2017-2018学年度第一学期 期末考试初二英语试卷 满分：100分时间：90分钟 听力部分(20分) Ⅰ.听句子，选择与其意思相符的图片。（每小题1分，共5分） A B C D E 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5. __________ Ⅱ.听短对话，选择正确答案。（每小题1分，共5分） ( )6.What does Sandy want to be? A.He wants to be a teacher. B.He wants to be an engineer. C.He wants to be a writer. ( )7.Who wants to be a pilot? A.Jill does. B.James does. C.Bill does. ( )8.What does Helen like ? A.Music. B.Physics. https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114349631.html,puter science. ( )9.What does Peter’s sister do? A.She’s a journalist. B.She’s an editor. C.She’s a college teacher. ( )10.Why does May’s grandpa often do morning exercises? A.Because he always eats healthy diet. B.Because he’s friendly to everyone. C.Because he wants to keep fit. Ⅲ.听长对话，选择正确答案。（每小题1分，共5分） 听第一段对话，回答第11、12小题。 ( )11.What is Mr. Brown doing at the moment? A. He is having a meeting. B. He is having lunch. C. He is having a rest. ( )12.When will Mr. Johnson call back? A. At eleven o’clock. B. At one o’clock. C .At three o’clock. 听第二段对话, 回答第13—15小题。 ( )13.What did Peter do at the Music Festival last year? A.He played in the school band. B.He sang with other students. C.He helped other students. ( )14.What does Peter really like about the Music Festival? A.The students have a lot of fun. B.The students organize the festival by themselves. C.The teachers help with everything. ( )15.When does the festival start this year? A. On October 3rd. B. On October 6th. C. On October 7th. Ⅳ.听短文，选择正确答案。（每小题1分，共5分） ( )16.What is Mike’s job in New York City? A.A postman. B.A waiter. C.A journalist. ( )17.How did Mike go to San Francisco? A.By plane. B.By train. C.On foot. ( )18.What did Mike really want to see? A.The scenery of Italy. B.The scenery of Canada. C.The scenery of the USA. ( )19.When did the train leave New York City? A.At 10:30 p.m. on Monday. B.At 11:20 p.m. on Friday. C.At 9:30 a.m. on Sunday. ( )20.Why didn’t Mike sleep that night? A.Because he was angry. B.Because he had many things to do. C.Because he was excited. 笔试部分（80分） Ⅰ.完形填空。阅读短文,理解大意,然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文连贯完整。(共20小题,计20分) A The world is divided( 被分成) into two parts. One half of the world is rich and 1 is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people don' I have enough to eat. When they are ill, 2 the hospitals can receive them because they have no enough 3 . In the rich part, a lot of people 4 too much. For example, a dog or a eat in North America eats more than a child in poor countries. The poor countries have some other difficult problems. Sometimes the land(土地) is too poor to grow 5 on. People there don' I have rich land or enough water. People must make the land better and do a lot of things. The people 6 learn and find water. But rich countries have