成人高考英语复习
一、名词复习及配套巩固练习:
1.名词的类别
名词是人、事物或概念的名称.
1)专有名词:专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字
母必须大写。如：the Summer palace, Beijing, Asia等.
英语
2)普通名词: 普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称.如:
worker mother paper machine hope youth
1)个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体,如: worker, father, book, tree, school等.
2)集体名词: 表示一群人或一些事物中的集合体,如：people, family, class, team等
普通名词
3)物质名词: 表示构成各种物体的物质,如：iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等.
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念.，如：life, thought, idea, strength
等.
2. 名词的数
个体名词（有单、复数形式）
可数名词集体名词（有单、复数形式）
名词物质名词
不可数名词抽象名词（只有单数形式）。
1)可数名词单数变复数：
①一般加s ：lesson → lessons, pen → pens
②以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es ：buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, heroes, tomatoes,potatoes
但以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，是加s构成复数：kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,
photo → photos, zoo → zoos
③以辅音字母+ y 结尾的改y为i，再加es ：city → cities, story → stories (注意：days, boys)
④以f 或fe结尾的，一般将f或fe改为v，再加es ：knife → knives, leaf → leaves，life-lives,shelf-shelves
但有些以f 结尾的名词，是在f后加s，构成复数形式：belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe（保险箱）→safes, proof（证据）→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs
2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：
①单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep
②不规则变化：man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child →
children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。但是，German → Germans
③复合名词的复数形式：editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up
→ grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers go- betweens(中间人)passers-by
3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题
①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，frui 各种水果，steels各种钢材。
②物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。
③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：work（工作）→ works（着作），arm（手臂）→ arms （军火），glass（玻璃）→ glasses（眼镜），cloth（布）→ clothes（衣服）。
④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓…的人。如：the Wangs王家，three Wangs三个姓王的。
⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics, mathematics, news, the United States
⑥有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：police, people, cattle
⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public
⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；
It is
a great pleasure to talk with you.；What a surprise!
注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异——即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其
词类别的转换可归纳如下：
1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词
Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。
School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。
2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词
He broke a piece of glass.（物质）他打破了一块玻璃。
He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。
Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)
3、个体名词转专有名词
His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。
不同国家的人的单复数
名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人
中国人 a Chines the Chinese e two Chinese
瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人the Americans an American two Americans
印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
3.名词的所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。如：Tom’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) works, a works’
school, Women’s Day, the editor-in-chief’s office
2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的
词尾都加上“’s”。如：Tom and Mike’s room.（共有），Tom’s and Mike’s books.（不共有）。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格，如：today’s
papers, ten minutes’ walk
4、在表示"某人家"，"店铺"时，所有格后面的名词常常省略：
at Mr. Green’s(在格林先生家); at my brother’s(在我兄弟家);
at the tailor’s(在裁缝店); at the barber’s(在理发店);
at the doctor’s(在诊所)
5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。如：the window of the room
6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如：the
teachers of the No. 1 Middle School.
7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，
这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle’s, a daughter of Mrs Green’s, the house of one of my friends
4.名词的普通格作定语
表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。
. stone figures（石像）；paper money（纸币）；country music（乡村音乐）；table cloth（桌布）；river bank（河岸）；school gate（校门口）；book stores（书店）；traffic lights（交通灯）；summer holidays （暑假）；evening dress（晚礼服）。
但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。
. sports meet（运动会）；the United States government（美国政府）；students reading-room（学生阅览室）；goods train（货车）；two men doctors（两个男医生）。
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二、冠词复习及配套巩固练习
不定冠词:a(an),(泛指).a用于辅音发音开头的词前,an用于元音发音开头的词前.
冠词 a book, a u niversity, an h our, an o ld man
定冠词:the,(特指).
1、不定冠词的基本用法：
①泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.
②指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a
⑤表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）
⑥表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
⑦使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）
⑧固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word ,have a good time, have a headache, a few, a great
many students, a lot of, go for a walk, have breakfast, make a decision .
2、定冠词的基本用法：
①表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.
⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.
⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded, the deaf, the dumb(哑巴),the rich.
⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.
⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths
⑩用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.
⑩用于逢整十数词的复数前,定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。如：
He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。
The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
⑿发明物,如：The compass was invented in China.
⒀年代名词前,如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
⒁固定词组中,如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
at the same time 同时????????????? by the way 顺便问一句
for the present? 暂时?????????????? go to the cinema 看电影
in the end 最后?????????????????????? in the dark 在黑暗中，不知道
in the least 一点，丝毫?????????? in the open 在野外
in the past 在过去?????????????????? in the long run从长远来看
in the event of 万一???????????????? in the morning 在上午
in the way 挡道，碍事??????????? on the whole总体上
on the other hand 另一方面????? on the contrary相反地
out of the question不可能的?
3、不用冠词的情况：
①表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）
②不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.
③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have
any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
④季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.
⑤呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?
⑦节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side
by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door
（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。
(10) 某些用介词 by 构成的表方式的短语通常用零冠词：
① 表示乘坐交通工具：
by bus乘公共汽车??????????????????????? by bike (bicycle) 骑自行车
by plane / by air乘飞机?????????????????? by ship (boat) 坐船
by land 走陆路???????????????????????????by sea 走海路
② 表示用通讯或通信等方式：
by phon e 用电话?????????????????????????? by telegram用电报
by letter用信件????????????????????????????by post用邮寄
by radio用无线电????????????????????????? by hand用手工
(11)有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同：
out of question毫无疑问??????????????????????? out of the question不可能，不值得考虑的
keep house 料理家务???????????????????????????? keep the house 呆在家里不外出
in charge of 负责，管理，主管????????????? in the charge of 在…的管理(负责)之下
by day在白天??? by the day按天计算
in case of以防??? in the case of就……来说
in charge of负责，管理??? in the charge of由……负责
in office执政??? in the office在办公室
in sight(of)看见??? in the sight(of)在……看来
go to sea去当水手??? go to the sea到海边去
out of question毫无疑问? out of the question不可能
take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告
be of age成年??? be of all age同龄
go to church去做礼拜??? go to the church去教堂
in prison坐牢?? ? in the prison在监狱
特别提示：
当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：
He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。
典例：George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr．Anderson，but Lhe was sure it was????? Sunday because everybody was at????? church．
A．/；the??? B．the；/??? C．a；/? D．/；a
【解析】C不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，at the church 表示”在教堂”。故本题选C。
(12) 许多习语用零冠词：
at night在夜里；at home在家；day after day 日复一日；by telephone打电话；in danger在危险中；on purpose 故意地。
catch fire 着火??????????????????????? give way 让路??????????????????????? lose heart 灰心move house 搬家??????????????????? send word 捎信????????????????????? take place 发生
by chance 偶然?????????????????????? catch sight of 看见???????????????? make use of 利用
at day-break 在天亮时??????????????????? before dawn 在天亮前
at dusk 在黄昏时?????????????????????????? after sunset 在日落后
after sunrise 在日出前???????????????????? towards dark 天快黑时
at midnight 在半夜????????????????????????? from dawn till dusk 从早到晚
高考语法通关
1．(2011·重庆调研)Any help from you will be greatly give me a reply at your earliest ________.
A．interruption? ????????????? B．instruction C．consideration? ????????????? D．convenience
解析：考查名词辨析。这里表示“请在你方便的时候尽早给我回复”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合语境。interruption打断；instruction 指导，指示；consideration 考虑。答案：D
2．If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) ________ for me. A．puzzle ????????????????????????? B．advantage C．challenge ???????????????????? D．average 解析：考查名词辨析。challenge 意思是“挑战”，即选择在美国学习的理由是因为这样做具有挑战性。其他选项不合语境；puzzle 意思是“困惑”；advantage 意思是“优点，优势”；average 意思是“平均数”。
答案：C
3. The conference has been held to discuss the ________ of global warming on people's lives all over the world. A．importance ????????????????? B．effects C．protection ????????????????????????????? D．attitudes 解析：考查名词辨析。effects 意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。其他选项不合题意，importance 意思是“重要性”；protection 意思是“保护”；attitudes 意思是“态度”。
答案：B
4．(2012·芜湖模拟)We all hold the belief that ________ 2012 London Olympic Games will be ________ success.
A．/；a ????????????????????????????? B．the；/? C．the；a ?????????????????????????? D．a；a
解析：第一空为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空success 为抽象名词具体化，“一个成功的人或事”，应用不定冠词a，类似的词还有failure，pleasure 等。
答案：C
5．(2012·长沙期中)It's________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them________ pleasure.
A．/；a ?????????????????????????? B．a；/ C．the；a? ??????????? ????? D．a；the
解析：句意为：上海世博会给人们带来了欢乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词，如knowledge，command，feeling等，前面有“a/an＋形容词”修饰时，表示一件具体的事情或一个……的人。pleasure意为“愉快，快乐”，为不可数名词，故不加冠词。
答案：B
6．(2012·合肥模拟)It is generally believed that teaching is ________ it is a science.
A．an art much as ???????????B．much an art as C．as an art much as? ????????? D．as much an art as 解析：当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：
What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how ＋形容词(副词)＋a(an) ＋名词的形式。
答案：D
7．(2011·银川模拟)I will go to the ________ to have my hair cut.
A．barber ??????????????????????B．barber shop C．barber's shop ?????????????????D．barber's
解析：句意：我要去理发店把头发剪一下。表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop，house，home等地点名词。
答案：D
8．(2011·广州调研)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents' ________ will be to my poor examination result.
A．expression ??????????????????B．reaction C．appearance ???????????????????D．expectation
解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：我真的有点担心，因为我不知道我父母对我不好的考试结果会是什么反应。expression 表情；reaction 反应；appearance 外表；expectation 期望。
答案：B
9．(2011·西安检测)There is no________ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.
A．doubt ???????????????????? B．mind C．point ??????????????????????????????? D．wonder
解析：考查名词辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做……是没有必要的”，其他搭配不正确，所以这里选C项。
答案：C
10．Here are some ________ for you to follow when you take a test in chemistry.
A．patterns ??????????????????? B．tips? C．topics? ???????????????????????????? D．efforts
解析：考查名词辨析。语境为“下面给你提出几点忠告，当你参加化学测验时应该遵循”。tip 忠告，意见；pattern 样式，花样，图案；topic 题目，论题，话题；effort 努力，尽力。
答案：B
11．(2012·苏州质检)Mr Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common________ .
A．practice ???????????????????????B．knowledge C．experience ???????????????? D．duty
解析：考查名词辨析。……因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice 通常的做法，符合题意。
答案：A
12．(2012·杭州模拟)—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.
—In my________ ，his decision is not wise.
A．word ??????????????????????????? B．view C．sight? ????????????????????????? D．way
解析：考查名词。句意为：在我看来，他的决定不明智。in one's view表示“在某人看来”。
13．(2011·徐州一模)My English teacher is really very 'll never forget the________ he has done me.
A．favor ????????????????????????????????B．deed? C．help ???????????????????? D．value
解析：句意为：我的英语老师实在是太好了。我永远不会忘记他对我的帮助。do favor 帮助某人。
答案：A
14．(2012·武汉联考)First impressions are the most all，you never get________ second chance to make________ first impression.
A．a；the ????????????????????? B．the；the? C．a；a? ????????????????????????????? D．the；a
解析：句意为：第一印象最持久。毕竟，你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second，在此表示再一次机会，而不是表顺序，应用不定冠词；第二空中的第一印象是泛指，也不是表示顺序，又根据题干可以判断impression 在此处是可数名词，可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词。
答案：C
15．(2012·潍坊期中)If we expect ________ much cleaner world，we should attract ________ world's attention to protecting the world.
A．a；a ??????????????????????? B．a；/ C．a；the ???????????????????????? D．the；/
解析：考查冠词。第一空为泛指，指“一个更加干净的世界”；第二空world 前通常用定冠词。
答案：C
16．We work together to achieve our common purpose：________ world that is safer，cleaner and healthier than ________ one we found.
A．the；the ?????????????????????B．a；/ C．a；the ?????????????????? ?? D．the；/
解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指，用不定冠词；第二空后面由we found 限定，表特指，用定冠词。
答案：C
17．(2012·青州模拟)Many lifestyle patterns do such________ great harm to health that they actually speed up________ weakening of the human body.
A．a；/ ?????????????????????? B．/；the C．a；the ???????????????????????? D．/；/
解析：句意为：很多生活方式对身体健康是很有害的，实际上它们能加快体质变弱。do harm to...为固定短语，意为“对……有害”；第二空为特指的用法，即特指体质变弱，故用定冠词the。
答案：B
18．(2012·深圳调研)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ________ space，about 900 of which could fall down onto________ earth.
A．the；the ?????????????? B．/；the C．the；/ ?????????????????????????D．a；the
解析：句意为：太空中有58 000颗星体，其中有900颗左右可能坠落到地球上。第一空in space“在太空”，固定用法，类似用法还有in nature，in society 等；第二空表示地球，独一无二的事物前须加定冠词the，如the moon，the sun等，
19．(2012·合肥联考)—What do you think about ________ dress in the shop window?
—Oh，it's may give it to Linda as ________ birthday present.
A．a；a? ????????????????????B．the；a C．a；the ???????????????????????? D．the；the
解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空表特指橱窗里的那一件，所以要用定冠词the；第二空泛指一件礼物，所以要用不定冠词。
答案：B
20．(2012·锦州一模)It is clear that ________ little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________ company.
A．/；the ???????????????????? B．a；the? C．a；/ ?????????????????????? D．the；a
解析：考查冠词。句意为：很显然，这项发明带给他的不多的钱很难支撑如此庞大的一个公司。此题的关键在于hardly 的暗示，说明钱不多或很少，用little 表示“少量的，不多的”，后面又有定语从句修饰，故其前应加定冠词the；第二空处是so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词结构。
答案：D
三、代词复习及配套巩固练习
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
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1.人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。
2.人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数，都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。
3.第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性she（her）和中性it（it），复数只有一个形式they（them）
不分性别。
4.选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。
2.物主代词
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。
物主代词的用法：
（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：
His pencil box is on the desk.
This is our school.
（2）名词性物主代词作名词用
本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。
作主语：
Richard’s school bag is blue and mine is black. 里查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。（mine=my school bag）
作表语：
It’s his. 这是他的（东西）。
作宾语：
He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物动词的宾语）
“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调：
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
·注意：
试比较下面两句句子：
This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）
This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）
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3.反身代词
反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系，强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。
反身代词的形式：
反身代词的用法：
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4.指示代词
（一）指示代词是具有指示概念的代词
this这；that那；these这些；those那些；
（二）指示代词的用法
1) this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。
. This is a novel and that is a magazine．
2)this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。
. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
3)that, those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。
. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) /
The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
5. 疑问代词
疑问代词的用法：
·注意：
1．Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。
2．Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。
3．Whose 用于明确所有者，Whom 在口语中，whom 多为who 代替。
反意问句考点分析:????????????
1、祈使句的反意问句；
2、I think +宾语从句的反意问句；
3、主从复合句的反意问句；
4、表示判断的情态动词构成的反意疑问句。
考题点击：
1、I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______? (01 上海) (C)
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
2、Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that (C)
time, ________? (02 上海春季)
A. was there
B. wasn’t there
C. didn’t he
D. did he
3、There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _______? （04上海春季）(D)
A. didn't they
B. don' t they
C. mustn't they
D. haven' t they
4、--- Alice, you feed the bird today, _________? (B)
--- But I fed it yesterday. (99 NMET)
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
1. 祈使句的反意疑问句:
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won’t you ?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you
2. I think(believe, suppose, expec t)+宾语从句的反意问句,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语
动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he's serious isn't he?
I don't think she cares, does she?
3. 主从复合句的反意问句；附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。
She says that I did it, doesn't she?
I told them not everybody could do it , didn't I?
6.不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如：anybody, something, no one）。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但none和由some, any, no, every thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语；而every和no只能作定语。?
不定代词的形式：
不定代词的用法：
(1)one和ones
A.用来指人或物,表示“一个”(泛指)
One should always be ready to help others.
One should be strict with oneself.
One of my friends came to visit me.
B.用来代替上文出现过的名词,以免重复.
I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?
The question is a complicated one.
My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday.
(2)both, either, neither(都是指两者)
A.both:“两者都”,表示肯定,在句中可作主语,宾语,定语,同位语.
Both stories are true.两种说法都对.
Both of them are good at swimming.
These two movies are very interesting. I like both.
I wish both of you well.
She has eaten both c akes.
Both machines can work well.
They both love dancing.
They were both college students.
B.either:“两者中的任何一个”
Either of the answers is right.两个答案中有一个是正确的.
Either of the plan is equally dangerous.两个计划中任何一个都是同等危险.
They are experienced teachers. You can ask either of them for help.
Here are two tickets. You can take either of them.
Eithe r proposal will have my support.两个提案我都支持.
I believe either method will work.
C.neither,两个都不,两者中没有一个,全部否定.
Neither of the choices is right.
I like neither. (I don’t like either.)
Neither g ame is i nteresting.
(3)all：所有的, 一切,指三者以上,可修饰可数或不可数名词
He has written five novels and all of them are good.(主语)
Now all has change. (不可数)
All roads l ead to Rome. (定语)
All hope has gone.
They all have their troubles.(同位语)
We are all students.
That’s all. (表语),就这些.
(4)each, every
every, each: 都有“每一个”的意思，但each 可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every 只能指三个或三个以上的人或物。every 是形容词,只能作定语，而each可以作代词和形容词, 因此既可作定语，也可作主语或同位语。each 作主语的同位语时，主语和谓语动词均为复数。例如：
Each of us has got a new book.
Every student is doing his best at school.
Each of the students has a computer. (强调个体)
Each /Every student has a dictionary. (强调全体)
Every door is locked.
On each side of the road are the high trees.
(5)some: “一些,某些,”多用于肯定句
any: “任何一个”, 多用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中.
I have some words to say.
They don’t know anything.
Is there any water in the glass?
(6)none: “没有一个”(指三者以上的全部否定)
no: 没有,后面必须接名词,相当于一个形容词,(no=not any)
None of them know(s) English.
None of us are/is afraid of difficulties.
No one is here.
No plane is 100% safe.
No students come to school on weekends.
I have no time
other:泛指“别的、其他的”, 后面接+名词，
the other: 特指,两个中的另一个.
(7)another: 泛指,指同类中（三个或三个以上）的“另一个”，是指不确定的另一个.
others: 泛指“其他人或物”（不一定是其余的全部）
other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？
There are fifty students in our class, twenty of us are from the city, two of us are from Dafeng,the others are from the countryside.
Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。
Others (=Other people) may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想
He is cleverer than the others（the other students）in her class
the others:剩余的全部,特指范围内的另一些（范围总数通常多于两个）
辨析:
Many，much都意为"许多"，many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
one… the other只有两个，She has two daughters, one is a nurse, the other is a teacher
some… others，others…，After class, some students are playing chess, some are singing, others are playing
basketball on the playground.
some… the others有三个以上，
one… another，another…
others = other people
(8) anyone 和any one
anyone 仅指人,不与of 连用；any one 既可指人,也可指物。
(9) no one 和none
a) none 后跟of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one 只单独使用，只指人。
b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one 作主语，谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now?---- No one.
( 10) none 和nothing
none 只指量，指所指的一类人或物中一个都没有；
nothing 泛指，什么东西都不存在。后面不接of 短语。
如:--- Are there any eggs in the fridge?
--- None. In fact, there is nothing in the fridge.
归纳
表示“全部”：两者用both，三者以上用all;
表示“全无”：两者用neither，三者以上用none或no one；
表示“任一”：两者用either，三者以上用any。
7. It 的用法
1) it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.
--- Who is the baby? －It’s my teacher’s son．
2) it指代时间,季节,距离.
It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school．
It’s nice and warm here．But it’s two o’clock now, and it’s time for us to go to schoo l.
3)it作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
It's important for us to learn a second language．
It's no use talking to him．/
It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．
4) it作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We feel it our duty to help others．
He made it clear that he would leave the city．
5) 用于强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…
注意:在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）
8.it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。
---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
NMET2001，25．
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同事物。
高考语法通关
1．(2012·南京调研)I would appreciate ________ ，to be frank，if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
A．you B．this C．it D．myself
解析：考查代词。此处it 作形式宾语，代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank 为插入语。
答案：C
2. When ________ comes to saving energy，big changes start with small steps，like turning off the lights.
A．that B．this C．it D．one
解析：考查代词用法。when it comes to (doing)sth.是固定结构，表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”。句意为：当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。
答案：C
3．(2012·徐州联考)This young man is very clever；he may be ________ Edison.
A．the one B．the other C．another D．one
解析：考查代词。句意为：这个年轻人很聪明，他可能成为另一个爱迪生。another 另一个，这里是一种对比，强调这个年轻人的聪明。
答案：C
4. Neither side is prepared to talk to________ unless we can smooth things over between them.
A．others B．the other C．another D．one other
解析：句意为：除非我们能消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们两人都不打算和对方讲话。others 没有范围，指别人；another 没有范围，指另一个；the other 指两者中的另一方，根据关键词neither (两者都不)。
答案：B
5．(2012·武汉质检)You are a team star！Working with________ is really your cup of tea.
A．both B．either C．others D．the other
解析：句意为：你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。本题考查代词。both 和either 指两者，首先被排除；the other 有范围限定，意为“其余的”，而题干中没有范围和数量限制，故也被排除。others 意为“其他的、另外的或别的人或事物”
答案：C
6．(2012·芜湖模拟)—Which one can I take?
—You can take ________ of them；I'll keep none.
A．both B．any C．either D．all
解析：句意：——我能拿哪一个？——你可以全拿走，我一个也不留。根据I'll keep none.可知，有三个或
三个以上的东西，而且可以全部拿走，所以选D。
答案：D
7．(2012·温州模拟)—How do you usually keep in touch with your friends，by email or letter?
—________ .I use telephone only.
A．None B．Neither C．Any D．Either
解析：考查不定代词。句意为“——你通常是如何与朋友保持联系的，发邮件还是写信？——都不是，我只用电话联系。”neither 表示“两者都不”，none 表示“三者(及以上)都不”，either 表示“两者中任一”，any 表示“三者(及以上)任一”，据语意选B项。
答案：B
8. There are two roads leading to the power station along the can take ________ of the roads.
A．either B．both C．neither D．all
解析：考查代词的用法。句意为：沿着这条河有两条路通向那座发电站。你走两条路中的任何一条都可以到达。根据句意，这里应该是“两者选一”，故B、C和D项不正确。either 指“两者中的任意一个”。
答案：A
9．(2012·苏州一模)They all wanted to stop working because they were very tired，but ________ of them would say so.
A．any B．some C．none D．neither
解析：本题考查代词。句意为：他们都想停止工作，因为他们太累了，但是又没有人愿意说出来。根据all 可知他们指三者或三者以上，表示三者及三者以上的全部否定应该用none。
答案：C
10．(2012·贵州检测)The number 5·12 is a special number，________，I think，that will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.
A．what B．it C．which D．one
解析：考查代词。该句中one指代前面提到的a special number，其实one 及其定语从句与前面的a special number 是同位语关系，I think 在句中可作插入语，所以选D项。
答案：D
11．When I moved to a new community，I found it different from ________ I had stayed in before.
A．one B．that C．it D．the one
解析：考查代词。语意表示这个新社区与“我”先前住的那个社区不同，因为空处与前面的community 是同类事物，所以用one代指；同时空后有定语修饰，表特定指代，所以要加the，故选the one。
答案：D
12．(2012·福州联考)—Which of the books did you like?
—________ of them! They were both dull.
A．Neither B．Either C．Both D．None
解析：考查代词。语意：——你喜欢哪本书？——都不喜欢！两本都很枯燥。根据答句中的信息词“both”可知有两本书，故选Neither表示“二者都不”，因此A项正确。
答案：A
13．It is reported that two schools, ________ of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A．all B．both C．none D．neither
解析：考查代词。语意：据报道，我的家乡正在建设的两所学校将于明年投入使用。根据前面的two schools，可知表示两者，故排除A、C两项；再结合语意可知表示肯定。故B项正确。
答案：B
14．—If I had come here a minute earlier, I could have bought the shoes at a discount in this store.
—Don't worry. Let's go to ________ store.
A．one other B．the other C．another D．one another
解析：考查代词。根据语意可知此处表示不定数量中的一家商店，故用another。
答案：C
15．(2012·重庆调研)He said ________ was lost, but he didn't say what it was.
A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
解析：考查代词。语意：他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么。根据语意可知用something。
答案：A
16．(2012·日照模拟)I prefer a college in Beijing to ________ in Shanghai, because I like the climate in Beijing.
A．one B．that C．it D．this
解析：考查代词。one代替同名异物的可数名词单数，此处指代前面提到的a college，故选A。
答案：A
17．(2012·连云港联考)The weather today in Beijing is much better than ________ in Shanghai.
A．that B．one C．it D．what
解析：考查代词。语意：今天北京的天气比上海的好得多。用that代替The weather，避免重复，其他三项均无此用法。
答案：A
18．(2011·安庆检测)How can I help ________ if people just don't follow my advice?
A．that B．it C．what D．them
解析：考查代词。语意：如果人们不听从我的建议，我有什么办法呢？此处it表示“人们不听从我的建议”这种情况。
答案：B
19．(2012·温州月考)They found ________ difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
A．this B．that C．it D．one
解析：考查代词。此处it作形式宾语，从句“that they would finish their work in two days”为真正的宾语。
答案：C
20．(2012·郑州模拟)He saved all the fish for his children and never tasted ________ himself.
A．each B．none C．any D．either
解析：考查代词。语意：他把鱼都留给孩子们，自己一点儿都没有尝。根据语意可知此处表示“任何一个，任何一些”，故any正确。
答案：C
代词必考点归纳
1.物主代词要避免做异类比较:
His house is lager than I (F)
His house is larger than mine.
2. that/those：that可替代单数或不可数名词；those替代复数名词
The climate of Beijing is quite different form that of Hainan.
My seat was next to that of the mayor.
The ears of a rabbit is longer than those of a cat.
可用于问句，表希望得到肯定态度。
Will you give me some paper?
Would you like to buy some apples?
4. no = not a (any)
I have no money with me.
There are no birds in the tree.
There is no student in th classroom.
both/every/each...not...=not all/both/every/each为部分否定，其全部否定分别为：
none/neither/no one (nothing)
Not all the students could understand his explanation.
Each child can not go to school in the mountain villiage.
oneself亲自，独自of onself自动地be oneself身体好help oneself自助，自己拿in itself本质上，就本身而言
The man is too old to live by himself.
The door closed of itself./I’m quite of myself today.
7. none/nothing/no one(nobody)
None用于三个或以上的人或事物，可与of连用；可回答How many/much...?
nothing 仅指事物，视为单数，不与of连用；可回答What...?
no one/nobody仅指人，单数，不与of连用；可回答Who...?
----How much water is left?----None.
----What’s in your pocket?----Nothing.
----Who broke the window?----No broke of itself.
they 指代前面提到的名词本身。
He bought a cost him $5./He has two are both workers.
ones.可泛指前面提到的人或事物。
A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
一、选择题 1．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 4．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 8．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 9．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 10．—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A．are; am B．are; come C．do; come 11．________he_______big________? A．Does; has; foot B．Does; have; feet C．Do; have; foots 12．Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A．feel B．to feel C．felt D．feeling 13．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea.
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a11468208.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等 冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词 形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词 介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 中国亚洲北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 沙糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
一、选择题 1．There was no bus in that small town. We had a_______ walk to get to the museum. A．5 kilometers B．5 kilometer’s C．5-kilometer D．5-kilometers 2．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of 3．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 4．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 5．—Why do you get up so early? —Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride. A．fifty-minutes B．fifty minute’s C．fifty-minute’s D．fifty minutes’6．—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have —________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday. A．a seven-day; off B．a seven-days; away C．seven-day; over D．a seven-days’; off 7．My mother often________when she was a young girl. A．keep diaries B．keep diary C．kept diaries D．kept diary 8．—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday —You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great! A．three-day; three days B．three- day; three days’ C．three days’; three-day D．three days; three days 9．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 10．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 11．—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之，语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句，希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。 如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。 如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。 如:the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数he him his his himself
一、选择题 1．In fact (事实上), she ________ ________ many ________. A．doesn’t has; toies B．don’t has; toies C．doesn’t have; toys D．don’t have; toys 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．stu dent’s D．students’ 3．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 4．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 5．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 6．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hou rs’D．How far, hours’ 7．Look at the________on the ground, and it’s telling us autumn has come. A．leaves B．leaf C．leafs D．leafes 8．People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest（丰收）on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day. A．Thanksgiving Day B．Christmas Day C．National Day 9．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 10．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 11．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion. A．a; an B．/; a C．a; a D．/; an 13．— How much are the __________?
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
一、选择题 1．—What __________ he do? —He __________ an actor. A．is, is B．does, does C．does, is D．is, does 2．Here _______a nice photo of my family. A．am B．be C．is D．are 3．Jim a basketball? A．Does; have B．Does; has C．Is; have 4．—David, you got any tea? —Yes. Would you like some? A．have B．do C．has 5．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 6．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 7．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 8．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 9．Amy and her best friend often________books together. A．read B．reads C．look D．looks 10．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 11．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 12．Hard work can bring you , but if you are lazy, you won’t become . A．success; success B．successful; success C．success; successful D．successful; succeed 13．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．Our teachers always make us ________ a lot of homework. A．to do B．do C．does D．doing
初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.
III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s
3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.
III. 三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格 林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每 天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如： My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼 这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型：主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 （常见的并列连词有and，but，or） 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home，and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。） 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）