现在完成与过去完成
考点一：概念考察。
现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或结果。
①He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.（2005年湖北卷）
A. were deciding
B. have decided
C. decided
D. will decide
②Millions of pounds’worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005年重庆卷）
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
考点二：常见的现在完成时的一些标志性时间状语：
for +时间段，since+时间点
So far\ up to now\ till now\ since then\lately\recently\already\ these days In\over\during \for\within the past \last few years……
例一:
1.—The window is dirty.
— I know. It ________ for weeks.
（2004年全国卷）
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
2. So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances
in the past years.
A discovered
B have discovered
C has been discovered
D have been discovered
仔细观察选出正确答案：
1. He football regularly for many years when he was young.
A was playing
B played
C has played
D had played
2. ---I heard the peasants here very poor in the past.
---yes, but there great changes in the past few years.
A have been; have been
B have been; were
C were; have been
D were ;were
考点三：总结：
This \that\ it is the first time that +现在完成时
This \that\ it was the first time that +过去完成时
It is \has been + 时间段+since+ 一般过去时
It was + 时间段+since+ 过去完成时
(1) --- Do you know our town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was
B. have been C . came D. am coming
(2) --- Have you ____ been to our town before?
--- No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come
B. even, have come
C. ever, come
D. ever, have come
考点四：在时间，条件状语从句中用现在完成时代替将来完成时
1.When he out all the newspapers, he’ll go home.
A sells
B has sold
C will have sold
D will be sold
2. No decision about any future appointment until all the
candidates have been interviewed.
A．will be made B is made
C．is being made D has been made
I have received his letter for a month.
I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
考点五：
由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
考点六：考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：
一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。
—Where ______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
—I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; put
考点七：
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：比较下列句子。
I have written an article.（已完成）
I have been writing an article. （还在写）
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.（2004年北京卷）
A.had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
二. 对过去完成时态的考查
考点一：概念考察：过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作常用此时态。即要有一个参照动作或时间。
— George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）
A.was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
考点二：hardly\scarcely------when No sooner-----than
She ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got
B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got
D. had no sooner got
考点三：动词hope\ think\ expect\intend\mean\want\suppose\plan等用过去完成时表示未曾实现的愿望，意图和打算。
I that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it’s beginning to look
difficult.
A hope
B had hoped
C. hoped
D. am hoping
考点四：过去完成时与非谓语动词的联系
1. I to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.
A will intend B. had intended
C. intended
D. have intended
2. We meant there a week.
A. to stay
B. to have stayed
C. Staying
D. having stayed
即had intended=intended to have done
中考现在完成时的几个考点 1，现在完成时的构成： 助动词has/have +动词过去分词 2，现在完成时的用法： （1）表示过去发生或已经完成了的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此用法常与一般过去时混淆，两者区别是：过去时只是表示一个纯粹过去的动作行为，经常和表示过去的时间状语连用，而完成时则不与过去的时间状语连用，它强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：I bought this book last week.（讲一件过去了的事情，有过去的时间状语） I have bought this book. (强调我读了这本书，已经了解书的内容了，没有过去的时间状语) （2）表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在、而且也可能一直持续下去的动作或状态。此时多用持续性动词作谓语，而且经常与包括现在一段时间的状语连用，常用since 和for 引导的时间状语：since+时间点，for+ 时间段，两者可互换：如for two years=since two years ago. 例，I have been in Shanghai for a week. He has lived here since 1990.
注意： 某些非延续性动词或者叫瞬间性动词也可以和现在完成时连用，此时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，即和一段时间状语连用的，就必须用延续性动词，参考以下动词转换： 瞬间性动词--------- 延续性动词 Come be Leave be away Die be dead Buy have Borrow keep Become be Begin/start be on 例如： They have been away for 3 days. He has bought the book . He has had the book for a week. 3,常与现在完成时连用的状语有： already , never, ever , just , before, yet. 如，I haven't finished my homework yet.
1．考点分析。 ①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。 ②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the on ly … + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句+ 完成时 ③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。 4、在用already, ever, never, yet, just, recently, now, in the past 3 years, since last month, ever since, so far, up to now, this year, for a long time等作状语时，常用现在完成时。 More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 题干中含有时间状语this year，同时又与去年比较，所以应该用一般现在或现在完成时；又因patients是treat的行为对象，所以答案是D。 5、被the first time, several times, again and again 等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时（尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间） —The window is dirty. —I know. It ____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 分析：句子中有表时间长度的状语for weeks，又是谈的现在的事，所以答案是D。同时由于主语it（指the window）是动作的对象，所以应该用被动语态。 —Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I ____ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 分析：B是正确答案，现在完成时强调次数。 5．It’s [will be] the first time that…(．第一次…)。如：It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。 6、与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也发生在过去。但有两点与一般过去时不同，首先是其行为发生时间的不具体性（一般过去时往往与明确的过去时间状语连用），其次是现在完成时强调与现在情况的关系（一般过去时与现在没联系） The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
译林版中考英语中考英语总复习现在完成时考点解析（Word版附答案） 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He ________ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. had married 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:他结婚十年了。根据句意可知是从过去持续到现在的动作，应该用现在完成时。故选A。 2．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 3．—How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year? —Three times. A. have；been B. had；been C. have；gone D. had；gone 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意是：——你今年去过北京几次？——三次。考查have been 与have gone 的区别。have been 是指去过某地切已经回来了，have gone 是指去了某地还没有回来，根据答句Three times.可以推测已经回来了，故选 A。 4．— Mary, I remember you several years ago. — Yes, I for 3 years. A. married, have married B. married, married C. married, have been married D. have married, have been married 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——Mary，我记得几年前你结婚了。——是的，我已经结婚三年了。ago表明时态是一般过去时，所以用过去式married。排除D。for+时间段用现在完成时，并且用延续性动词，现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词过去分词，排除B。marry是非延续性动词，其延续性动词是be married，be的过去分词是been，故选C。 【点评】考查一般过去时和现在完成时，注意平时识记非延续性动词及其延续性动词。
人教版英语英语现在完成时考点+例题-全面解析含答案解析推荐精选 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is your mother? —She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in D. has gone to; has been to 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周了。has been to”去过某地“，现在已经回来了；has gone to”去了某地“，还没有回来；has been in”待在某地“一段时间。根据句意Where is your mother?可知，她的妈妈还没有回来，第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks，应该用be in，故应选C。 【点评】考查动词的时态，以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，Tom！你曾经去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句，排除C。have been to+地点名词，去过某地，去了并且回来了；have gone to+地点名词，去了某地，去了还没有回来，在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 4．—What _______ you just now? —Don't worry. Nothing _______.
人教版中考英语中考英语总复习现在完成时考点+例题_全面解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．I can't get into my room now because I _______ my key. A. lose B. will lose C. have lost D. am losing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】我不能进屋了，因为我已经丢了我的钥匙。已经发生的事，用现代完成时。 【点评】考查时态的用法。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How long can I _________ this book? —Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保留这本书多长时间？——五天。但是你一定要按时归还它。A,borrow借，瞬间性动词；B, lend接，是瞬间性动词；C,keep保留，是延续性动词；D,kept是过去式。此处与how long连用，故此处用延续性动词，位于情态动词can之后，故用动词原形keep，故选C。 【点评】本题考查延续性动词。以及borrow，lend，keep，kept四个词的词义和用法。
译林版中考英语九年级英语现在完成时考点+例题_全面解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How long can I _________ this book? —Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保留这本书多长时间？——五天。但是你一定要按时归还它。A,borrow借，瞬间性动词；B, lend接，是瞬间性动词；C,keep保留，是延续性动词；D,kept是过去式。此处与how long连用，故此处用延续性动词，位于情态动词can之后，故用动词原形keep，故选C。
必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时考点解析（Word版附答案） 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．I a cold. I am not feeling well now A. caught B. have caught C. was catching D. had caught 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我感冒了，我现在不舒服。catch a cold意为“感冒”。由句意可知应用现在完成时。故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。 2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。
人教版英语英语现在完成时考点+例题-全面解析含答案百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is your mother? —She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in D. has gone to; has been to 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周了。has been to”去过某地“，现在已经回来了；has gone to”去了某地“，还没有回来；has been in”待在某地“一段时间。根据句意Where is your mother?可知，她的妈妈还没有回来，第二个空后面有一段时间for two weeks，应该用be in，故应选C。 【点评】考查动词的时态，以及has been to ,has gone to ,has been in的含义和用法。 2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3．So far Tom with Mary _______ 50 left -behind children to do their homework after school. A. help B. helped C. has helped D. have helped 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】此题要掌握现在完成时的时间状语及主语+with 短语是单数的概念，即可得出答案。选C。 4．All the students _______ very hard over the last three years. A. works B. has worked C. have worked D. worked 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】Over the last three years, 用于现在完成时，又由于主语是复数，故选C。【点评】现在完成时的时间状语要掌握。 5．My sister English since she was 9 years old. She can talk to foreigners freely. A. learns B. learnt C. has learnt D. have learnt
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，也是历年高考中涉及较多的考点，其用法变化多样。高考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和习惯搭配。 本文将以历年高考试题中的单项选择和短文改错为例，对高考介词常见考查要点进行简要分析。 一、高考单项选择题对介词的考查 （一）熟悉和掌握常考介词的基本用法 从历年高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at ，in，for，from ， to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as， around等。当然，其他介词的用法也不能忽视。 1．He decides to visit the family ______ Friday night．（MET1988） A．on B．at C．in D．during 解析：during the night，at night为泛指。特指某个晚上，即night前有修饰语或其后有of短语时，则要用介词on。本题特指星期五晚上，应选A。 2．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______ an inch．（NM ET2002） A．by B．at C．to D．from 解析：答案A。by用法之一是表示“相差……数目和程度”，如：His horse won by a nose．他的马以一鼻之差险胜。题干意为：子弹以一英寸之差没射中上尉。 3．The doctor will be free ______ ．（MET1992） A．10minutes later B．after ten minutes C．in 10minutes D．10minutes after 解析：答案C。in表示从现在到将来某段时间以后，而after表示某段时间以后。 4．The sunlight came in ______ windows in the roof and lit up the whole room．（上海2001）A．through B．across C．on D．over 解析：答案A。through“穿过，通过（某地，某物）”，表示从事物的内部穿过；而across表示从事物表面穿过。 （二）熟悉和掌握常用的介词短语及其用法 这些介词短语，结构固定，含义特定，特别是有些介词与动词构成短语动词，要做到熟能生巧，运用自如。如catch sight of，look after ／at ／like ／over，take care of，turn to等。 1．In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help．（MET1992）A．to whom B．who C．from whom D．that 解析：答案为A。turn to sb．for help为固定搭配，意为“向……寻求帮助”，题中turn后边的介词 to被移到了关系代词whom前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。
xx现在完成时的几个考点 1，现在完成时的构成： 助动词has/have +动词过去分词 2，现在完成时的用法： （1）表示过去发生或已经完成了的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此用法常与一般过去时混淆，两者区别是：过去时只是表示一个纯粹过去的动作行为，经常和表示过去的时间状语连用，而完成时则不与过去的时间状语连用，它强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：I bought this book last week.（讲一件过去了的事情，有过去的时间状语） I have bought this book. (强调我读了这本书，已经了解书的内容了，没有过去的时间状语) （2）表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在、而且也可能一直持续下去的动作或状态。此时多用持续性动词作谓语，而且经常与包括现在一段时间的状语连用，常用since 和for 引导的时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段，两者可互换：如for two years=since two years ago. 例，I have been in Shanghai for a week. He has lived here since 1990. 注意： 某些非延续性动词或者叫瞬间性动词也可以和现在完成时连用，此时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，即和一段时间状语连用的，就必须用延续性动词，参考以下动词转换： 瞬间性动词---------延续性动词 Come be
Leave be away Die be dead Buy have Borrow keep Become be Begin/start be on 例如： They have been away for 3 days. He has bought the book . He has had the book for a week. 3,常与现在完成时连用的状语有： already , never, ever , just , before, yet.如，I haven't finished my homework yet.4,区别几个词组用法： have/has been to ...表示“到过某地了”（人已回来了）have/ has gone to....表示“去某地了”（人不在这里）Have/has been in...表示“在。。/呆在。。。” 例如：1,--where is Tom --He has gone to Changsha. 2,He has been in Changsha for two years.2014,6. 流浪者
初中英语现在完成时考点分析及专项训练 【考点分析】 考点一：考查基本概念 例：Both his parents look sad .Maybe they______what's happened to him . A．knew B．have known C．must know D．will know 【解析】现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。 考点二：考查时间状语 例1：He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? A．already B．never C．ever D．still 例2：Have you met Mr Li ______？ A．just B．ago C．before D．a moment ago 例3：The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A．is writing B．was writing C．wrote D．has written 例4：-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A．has changed; well B．changed; good C．has changed; better D．changed; better 例5：Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A．was; studying B．will; study C．has; studied D．are; studying 例6：We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A．know B．had known C．have known D．knew 例7：Harry Potter is a very nice film.I______it twice . A．will see B．have seen C．saw D．see 【解析】现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：
高考介词常见考点例析 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，也是历年高考中涉及较多的考点，其用法变化多样。高考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和习惯搭配。 本文将以历年高考试题中的单项选择和短文改错为例，对高考介词常见考查要点进行简要分析。 一、高考单项选择题对介词的考查 （一）熟悉和掌握常考介词的基本用法 从历年高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at ，in，for，from ，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。当然，其他介词的用法也不能忽视。 1．He decides to visit the family ______ Friday night．（MET1988） A．on B．at C．in D．during 解析：during the night，at night为泛指。特指某个晚上，即night前有修饰语或其后有of短语时，则要用介词on。本题特指星期五晚上，应选A。 2．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______ an inch．（NM ET2002） A．by B．at C．to D．from 解析：答案A。by用法之一是表示“相差……数目和程度”，如：His horse won by a nose．他的马以一鼻之差险胜。题干意为：子弹以一英寸之差没射中上尉。 3．The doctor will be free ______ ．（MET1992） A．10minutes later B．after ten minutes C．in 10minutes D．10minutes after 解析：答案C。in表示从现在到将来某段时间以后，而after表示某段时间以后。 4．The sunlight came in ______ windows in the roof and lit up the whole room．（上海2001） A．through B．across C．on D．over 解析：答案A。through“穿过，通过（某地，某物）”，表示从事物的内部穿过；而across表示从事物表面穿过。 （二）熟悉和掌握常用的介词短语及其用法 这些介词短语，结构固定，含义特定，特别是有些介词与动词构成短语动词，要做到熟能生巧，运用自如。如catch sight of，look after ／at ／like ／over，take care of，turn to等。 1．In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help．（MET1992） A．to whom B．who C．from whom D．that
现在完成时 1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在. I have already posted the photo.我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响“照片不在这里”My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. 3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 一结构 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 二常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用 1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中....... He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times. 3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 三当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。什么时候一定要用延续性动词： 在含有以下三个标志词的完成时句型中：since，for，how long (1)如：这本书他借了一个月了。(不用borrow) He has kept the book for a month. He has kept the book since a month ago. (2)这本书他借了多久了？How long has he kept the book? 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
现在完成时讲解 一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 二、用法 1）现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) 2）现在完成时的"未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago. 注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing
英语现在完成时考点+例题_全面解析含答案百度文库 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He ___________ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】在现在完成时态里，当出现for+段时间时，短暂性动词必须换成延续性动词。get married需换成be married。故选A。 【点评】该题考查的是对现完时态中的短暂性动词与延续性动词动词的掌握，这一块内容是中考的重难点，考试频率占时态考查题的一半以上。学生必须牢记这两种词的转换及转换条件。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．His cat has ________ for five weeks. A. died B. been dead C. dying D. dies 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：他的猫已经死了5个星期了。die是短暂性动词，不能表示状态的延续。由时间状语 for five weeks可知应用延续性动词,故答案选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。 4．It has been three years since I ______ a teacher. A. become B. became C. becoming D. to become 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】题意：现在完成时里，since从句里动词应用一般过去时。故选B。