第二讲词义猜测题
题型1 猜测单词类
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”
27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mistake. B．Drawback.
C．Difficulty. D．Burden.
[解题思路]
第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词
①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.
②
I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thi nking.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined word...probably means____________．
(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word...?
2．“文中信息”巧利用
(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。
(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。
(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。
(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。
(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。
题型2 猜测短语类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the__water__catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
[解题思路]
第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。
To__const ruct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__f our__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined phrase...could be replaced by____________．
(2)What does the underlined phrase...refer to?
2．“语境分析”猜短语
短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。
3．明晰干扰选项特征
短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：
(1)短语的字面意思；
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
题型3 猜测指代类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[解题思路]
第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句
It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.
第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语
此处change that可知that代指上文the music has failed to connect with younger generations。尝试解答____C____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them...” refer to?
(2)The underlined part “it/that/they...”(in Para...) refers to____________．
2．“就近原则”判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：
(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...)。
(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
题型4 猜测句意类
[示例] (2017·浙江卷，A)The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins,
Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
22．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
[解题思路]
第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子
①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to__look__ragged(蓬乱)．
②When__he__went__home,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.
第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案
由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
尝试解答____D____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)Which of the following best explains the underlined part...?
(2)What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?
(3)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para...?
**************
2．“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。
[状元技法]
顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目
1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下
文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。
2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：
but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/compared to/on the contrary/on the other hand/either...or...
3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：
to be defined as/to be called/to mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other words/namely
,[
学生用书P47] )
A
(2017·云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.
I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.
I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has become an almost-daily occurrence.
Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.
“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested. “ I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.
“Oh, no，” Nicole said. “Don’t worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ”
The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.
So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.
Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.
“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。
1. The author and Wing got to know each other________．
A．as next door neighbors
B．when exchanging meals
C．by sharing similar experiences
D．after using an iPad to communicate
A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady...Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。
2．The underlined wo rd “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．A．do as well B．offer generously
C．give in return D．accept with pleasure
C解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。
3．The author’s effort to learn Mandar in shows her________．
A．great satisfaction B．real kindness
C．heartfelt thanks D．sincere friendship
C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
B
(2017·云南高三检测二)Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their__Asian__counterparts．
Youngsters in the U．K. lag way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy(计算能力). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15
－year－olds, Shanghai came top in maths while the U．K. came 26th.
The school will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return to repetition, dr ills and “chalk and talk” whole－class learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.
Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that focused on applying maths to real－life situations in an effort to make the subject more interesting. They say this has led to confusion and stopped children learning the basics. Under the Government’s new plans, children as young as five will have drills to practise sums and exercises, and must master each concept before moving to the next.
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said that training will be provided for 8，000 primary schools—half the country’s total—to switch to the Shanghai “mastery” approach.
“We are seeing a renaissance(复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。
4．The underlined words “their Asian counterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer to____________．A．the weak pupils in Asia
B．the young students in Asia
C．the primary schools in Asia
D．the maths teachers in Asia
B解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“British youngsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asian youngsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。
5．Which of the following i s an approach of “Shanghai maths”？
A．Children can choose to learn what interests them.
B．Children are given different work based on their ability.
C．Children are taught in groups rather than as an entire class.
D．Children are required to master a concept before they progress.
D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的．..and must master each concept before moving to the next.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。
6．Recently, some British maths teachers have been trained to____________．
A．increase the difficulty level
B．conduct “child－centred” classes
C．guide students to repeat and drill
D．meet the needs of smart students
C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的The school will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole－class learning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。
7．What is Nick Gibb’s attitude toward the new teaching style?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Negative.
A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，Nick Gibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。
专题强化训练11 词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[学生用书P97(单独成册)]
A
(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude(感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn’t really done anything yet.
I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend’s mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness.
I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.”
I did, and I will never regret it.
Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others’ presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.
In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.
[解题导语] 本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。
1．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?
A．He built shelters for them.
B．He gave immediate first aid to them.
C．He came to stay with them.
D．He brought mental health professionals.
C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer ‘psychological first aid’ and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。
2．What did the author do when his fr iend’s mother passed away?
A．He hesitated over whether to go.
B．He went to his friend’s at once.
C．He knew what to do instantly.
D．He decided not to disturb his friend.
A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。
3．What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Heavy but warm.
B．A little sad but cosy.
C．Relaxing and delightful.
D．Very serious and unhappy.
D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。
4．What has the author learned from his experience?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Being present can make a big difference.
C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.
D．Being a volunteer can make one’s life more significant.
B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。
B
(2017·重庆调研推测二)As the world becomes more connected, the number of people living outside their home country is on the rise. To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global community network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.
In Malta, warm weather and nearness to Europe are the big draws for this Mediterranean nation. The climate leads to a slower pace of life.
“Some shops have a ‘siesta’ early in the afternoon, and many people notice slow service at the restaurants，” said an InterNations Consul from Rome. “I remember sitting at a table around 8 p．m. once and leaving at midnight! We only had a starter and one main.”
In Ecuador, friendly people, affordable healthcare and tasty, cheap food are just a few reasons as to why expats love living in Ecuador. Plus, the country’s diverse cities give expats a lot of choices.
“The beauty of Ecuador is the variety，” said an InterNations ambassador. “The people who come to retire in Ecuador often look for a lower cost of living, so the coastline, the southern part of Ecuador and Ambato will fit this type of expat. In the case of business －minded or outgoing expats, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.” The bigger cities do come at a cost, he warned, with higher prices for rent and eating out.
In New Zealand, the country’s natural beauty draws people from across the world, and with easy access to both cities and beaches, expats usually adopt the local relaxed lifestyle.
An InterNations Ambassador from Hong Kong notes that a typical Kiwi works 8：30 a．m. to 5 p．m., never overtime, and enjoys meals and weekend activities, like house parties, road trips or hiking, with their family.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。
5．What is InterNations’ survey for?
A．To study why the number of expats is on the rise.
B．To make clear what the exact number of expats is.
C．To look into how expats adopted their new hometown.
D．To discover what pleases expats in their adopted countries.
D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global community network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感
到满意。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “siesta” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sale. B．Break.
C．Promotion. D．Exhibition.
B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slower pace of life”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。
7．What do we know about the expats to Ecuador?
A．Rich expats would like to live in Ambato.
B．All the expats love the lower cost of living.
C．Outgoing expats are likely to choose Cuenca.
D．The bigger cities are the best choices for poor expats.
C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句In the case of business－minded or outgoing e xpats, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。
8．Expats choose New Zealand because of its____________．
A．special climate B．typical animals
C．natural beauty D．fast pace of life
C解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。
C
(2017·银川4月检测)Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don’t keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard
Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins__and__needles”sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
9．What can we learn about crossing one’s legs?
A．It is a very bad social habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately.
C．It can do harm to people’s health.
D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.
C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
10．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________．
A．affect your blood pressure
B．resist gravity effectively
C．lead to heart attacks easily
D．improve the function of legs
A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
11．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”．
A．slightly sharp pains
B．being a little tired
C．serious muscle injuries
D．being highly flexible
A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一
种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
12．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To compare common habits.
B．To give readers some advice.
C．To evaluate the effects of an experiment.
D．To introduce research methods.
B解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
专题强化训练12 词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]
A
(2017·广州检测)We all know the feeling: looking at the computer screen, pretending to be interested in our homework, even though we really feel bored. But such feelings may soon be at an end, says Dr. Harry Witchel, head of the Essex Medical School. He believes that computers of the future will notice when people feel bored and even take action to stop it．
Before you get concerned, the machine won’t be reading your mind. It will be observing the many movements you make while using a computer. It’s not interested in the big movements needed to use the machine—like moving a mouse or touching a screen—but small, barely noticeable movements like closing your eyes, moving in your seat or rubbing your face. Witchel calls these “boredom movements” and says they show how interested the person is in what they are reading or watching. The higher the interest level, the less movement!
To test his theory, Witchel invited 27 people to perform various computer－based tasks. The activities ranged from playing online games (an interesting task) to reading documents like government laws that most people would find boring.
A special video camera followed the participants’ movements as they completed each task. Just as the researcher expected, the“boredom movements” greatly decreased, by as much as 42%, when the subjects were very interested in what they were reading or seeing.
Fortunately, Dr. Witchel isn’t planning to use his results to create machines that report students who are not paying attention at school. Instead, he want s “movement sensing” technology to be built into future computers in order to improve students’
computer－based learning experience.
The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they work, educators will be able to adjust their materials in real－time to keep students focused. Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions and in the future, help to develop more intelligent robots.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Homework. B．A computer.
C．Boredom. D．The future.
C解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句He believes that computers of the future will notice when people feel bored and even take action to stop it．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。
2．Why did Dr. Witchel carry out his research?
A．To discover how bored people move.
B．To find out what makes people bored.
C．To see if interested people are more active.
D．To test the link between boredom and movement.
D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchel calls these “boredom movements” and says they show how interested the person is in what they are reading or watching. The higher the interest level, the less movement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。
3．Which movement would Witchel’s technology most likely pay attention to?
A．Turning off the machine.
B．Typing words on a keyboard.
C．Surfing quickly between webpages.
D．Moving one’s head from side to side.
D解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’s not interested in the big movements needed to use the machine—like moving a mouse or touching a screen—but small, barely noticeable movements like closing your eyes, moving in your seat or rubbing your face.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。
4．How will the new technology help education, according to Witchel?
A．By reducing teachers’ workload.
B．By maintaining students’ learning interest.
C．By reporting students’ misbehavior in class.
D．By making learning more like a computer game.
B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they work, educators will be able to adjust their materials in real －time to keep students focused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。
B
(2017·河南实验中学模拟)The police in Taiwan are unable to judge whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat. Either way, it could be the perfect crime, because the criminals are birds—homing pigeons!
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: If you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick－ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay－at－home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind—one that avoids not only collecting money but also going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: He gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car －owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.
The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded—under 3，000 Taiwan dollars—seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon－delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。
5．After the car－owner received a phone call, he________．
A．went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried
B．gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park
C．sent some money to the thief by mail
D．told the press about it
A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。
6．The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned”to show________．
A．how easily people get fooled by criminals
B．what Chen thinks might be correct
C．the thief is extremely clever
D．the money paid is too little
B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的He gets money for things he cannot possibly return.可知，警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。
7．The und erlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to____________．
A．criminals B．pigeons
C．the stolen cars D．demands for money
D解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demands for pigeon－delivered money。故选D项。
8．We may infer that the criminal knows how to reach the car－owners because____________．A．he reads the ads in the newspaper
B．he lives in the same neighborhood
C．he has seen the car－owners in the park
D．he has trained the pigeons to follow them
A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．.. waits for the car－owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。
C
(2017·山西省际名校联考)This time last year I entered two long-distance mass-participation swimming events, including the Jubilee River 10 km swim.At the last minute, just before both swims, I decided to pull out.The reality is, I live in fear of coming last.
Last year, before the two events, I realized that I couldn’t deal with coming last.I had looked at the swim times of those who had completed the previous year and calculated that, at my current swim pace, I would probably have come last in both.I just couldn’t
face it.But when next year came around, I decided to enter those same events again.
For a few months, I trained hard, but I didn’t get any faster.Then it was June 5, the day of the Jubilee River 10 km.The event started at 9：30 a．m., and the swimmers were anxious and eager to start.As I swam along, the river was quiet and clean and everything was peaceful.The sun shone. Meadows(草地) rolled by and every now and then someone would wave at the scene unfolding in the water.
As the day wore on, somehow I did n’t mind that, predictably, almost everyone was ahead.There were at least some swimmers still near me, and although we shared the same river we quietly occupied our own spaces.As I concentrated on doing my own thing, watching the sky, the bank, the other swimming caps passing or not passing, I realized I was enjoying myself.
In the end, four hours and 29 minutes after I’d started, I staggered(摇摇晃晃地走) out of the water and was greeted with a smile and a “well done” from the race organizer.I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish, behind me, out of a field of around 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.I__was__just__relieved,__proud__and__happy__to__finish.
As I drove away, my thoughts turned to my next long race of the season and how much I was looking forward to it, my fears of coming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．
[解题导语] 作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。
9．The author intended to quit swimming mainly because ________．
A．she feared that she couldn’t finish the two races
B．she was afraid that she would let family members down
C．she was unwilling to accept the possibility of finishing last
D．she wasn’t fully prepared for the two races
C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的At the last minute, just before both swims, I decided to pull out.The reality is, I live in fear of coming last.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。
10．The author hopes to convey the message that ________．
A．never give up when facing challenges
B．it is process that matters most
C．failure is the mother of success
D．winners always take it all
B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的As I concentrated on doing my own thing, watching the sky, the bank, the other swimming caps passing or not passing, I realized I was enjoying
myself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。
11．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．She took pride in leaving all the other swimmers behind.
B．She was proud that she was not the last one in the race.
C．She was glad to finish the race and had a sense of relief.
D．She was proud to be praised by the organizer.
C解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish, behind me, out of a field of around 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。
12．It can be inferred from the end that the author is likely to ________．
A．participate in another race without any hesitation
B．analyze the reason why she failed in the race
C．lose confidence completely
D．decide whether she is suitable for the race
A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的As I drove away...my fears of coming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。
高三一轮基于整合话题的词汇复习 十九中高三英语组 高三一轮复习程中词汇复习起着至关重要的作用，但往往词汇复习也是问题最多的。最大的问题就是知识的讲解和训练与听、说、读、写综合语言运用能力的脱离．知识传授与语言技能培养严重分割开来，词汇学习效率低下，最终达不到需要的目的和要求。在词汇复习过程中，教师是“字典”和“题库，例句库”．脱离运用讲解语言知识点。学生辛辛苦苦地记笔记，最后还是不会实际运用。针对这个问题，武老师在本学期期初到我们学校视导时给我们提出了按话题复习的指导和建议，我们组全体同志经过认真集备和研讨，确定了话题复习的范围和方法。具体做法如下：一册书复习结束之后，按照写作的话题安排，确定需要整合的话题，然后围绕中心话题，通过同类归纳的方式，在1-8册书中把相同话题的模块整合起来，创设话题情境，总结复习同类词汇，归纳典型句式，训练类似的话题写作，然后再拓展该话题新材料的阅读，以提高词汇复习的效率。我们把高中阶段外研社的从第一册到第八册的教科书，归纳分类，选择了“学校生活，环境灾难，旅游，文化体育，人物介绍，饮食与健康”等几大类的话题材料，穿插进传统的复习过程中。每个话题所用课时不是固定的，一般是用三个课时。王老师的这一节课就是有关旅游这一话题的整合的第二课时。 第一课时的重点是词汇的整合拓展。以复习“环境灾难”为例，第一课时的课堂教学设计如下： Step I 教师创设话题情境，引导学生走入话题。 教师可以先展示一些有关于环境问题的图片或者录像片段，设计问题：What problems of environment are there on the earth? Step II 引导学生采用联想法，总结复习同类词汇 1.灾难发生 灾难的种类： natural disasters(自然灾难): earthquake 地震tsunami 海啸typhoon 台风sand storm 沙尘暴debris flow/ mudslide泥石流volcanic eruption 火山 爆发flood 洪水drought 干旱flooding 洪水tropical storm 热带风暴 hurricane 飓风a state of emergency 紧急状态dense fog 浓雾 发生时间： at…clock，on…day； in…year 发生地点： distaster/stricken area 受灾地区shelter 避难所 表示灾难发生的动词：hit strike break out occur take place happen 持续： last 发生方式： all of a sudden, suddenly, （突然）unexpectedly（出乎意料） 课文句子精选填空： 1) The worst earthquake ________________________（发生）the United States in 1906,________(导致)the worst fires in the nation’s history. 2) The fires _______ three days, which __________a total of 25,000 buildings. 3)The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925,________ （影响）three US states. 4) In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent_____________, such as floods, droughts, mudslide, earthquakes, windstorms and sand storm 2. 受灾情况：
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
2013届高三高考英语词汇表（测试词汇） A 1.abandon vt. 放弃 2.ability n. 能力 3.abnormal adj. 反常的不正常的变态的 4.aboard adv 在船上，上船 5.abolish vt. 取消，废除(制度等) 6.abroad ad. 到（在）国外 go abroad 出国 7.absorb v. 吸收吸引受 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 8.absent a. 缺席，不在 absence n. 缺席缺乏 be absent from …缺席 9.absolute a. 绝对的完全的独立的 10.abstract t a. 抽象的，深奥的 n. 摘要抽象概念 11.abundant a. 丰富的充分的大量的 be abundant in 富含，富有 12.abuse n. & vt. 滥用，虐待，辱骂 13.accelerate v. 加速使增速使加快 14.accent n . 口音，音调 15.accept vt. 接受承认同意 16.access n.通路/入口接近/进入使用权 vt. 访问/接近 have access to sth. 有权利/机会做/接近… 17.accessible a. 易接近的可进入的可使用的 18.by accident 碰巧，偶然 =by chance 19.accommodation n. 膳宿，住处 20.accompany vt. 陪伴伴 vi. 伴奏伴唱 21.accomplish vt. 完成达到实现使完美 22.account n. 账目，描述 23.accuracy n. 精确，正确 accurate a..准确无误的 24.accumulate v. 积累积聚积攒 25.accuse v.指责谴责控告accuse sb.of sth.指控某人有罪 26.accustomed a. 惯常的，习惯了的 be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 27.achieve vt.达到，取得 achievement n.成就 28.acid a. 酸的，酸性的 29.acre n. 英亩 30.acknowledge vt. 承认，答谢 31.action n. 行动 take action to do 采取行动 32.active a.积极的，主动的 activity n. 活动 33.actual a. 实际的，现实的 34.adapt vt. 使适应改编 vi. 适应 adapt to (doing) sth. 适应（做）某事 35.add vt. 添加，增加补充说 add to增加 add…to把…….添加到
高三英语复习建议 分析近几年来的上海英语高考试卷，我们可以清楚的看到：高考英语命题总的趋势是突出语言交际性，更强调考核考生英语知识的运用能力及对英语基础知识的理解。 英语语言考核材料的选择，都与学生的日常生活息息相关，并有很强的时代感。试卷鼓励学生注重语言能力训练。对英语学习要求学生凭借着已有的语言积累，发掘潜在的语言敏感性、动态地来体验语言的文化和思想，体会出语言形式的特定意义，从而实现书面和口头的有效交流。 在对阅读教学的要求中要求考生运用理解文章的基本内容，归纳文章的主旨大意，推测文章中的隐含意思，根据上下文正确理解词语和句子等方法。阅读多种体裁、题材的语言材料，运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。不借助工具书读懂文学、科技等原版的简易读物及含有少量的生词的语言材料。能借助工具书读懂报刊、杂志和网络等媒体上的语言材料。高中阶段课外阅读量不少于25万词。 根据以上信息我给高三学生4点复习建议。 建议1：语法训练题要少做但要精做 在高三复习中，可以放弃以语法知识复习为重点的复习模式，从近年来高考改革趋势及英语语法试题命题的走向来看，“基础、常见、实用”这六字方针是语法试题的命题原则。所以我们首先应该加强基础、常见和实用的语法题目的训练，注重梳理。近几年的高考题语法题中没有像所谓的习题集中的语法“偏题”、“怪题”和“难题”。 考生没有必要在这些题目上花大量的时间。因为高考语法题有极强的典型性和代表性，考生只要正确理解上下文一般就能找到正确答案。而近几年的高考语法题目很好地体现了新课程改革的基本精神，并体现了“贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生”的原则。因为学习语法的目的是促进语言的运用能力的发展。切忌花费大量的时间去研究难题、偏题、怪题。建议考生可先把学过的一些基础语法知识依次梳理一遍，对疑点、难点做好记录，并配合学校英语教师精选的典型的语法练习题进行针对性的练习即可。要牢记“题不在多做，而在精做，举一反三，融会贯通。”
高三一轮话题复习（8）-----学校生活（1） 【词汇梳理部分】 五级词汇 1.equip v. 配备，装备使…有所准备，使有能力pt. _________________ pp.______________短语：1) 用… 装备…__________________ 2)装备着______________________ 3)为了…而装备____________________ 派生词填空 1) There are three conference rooms, each of which _______ _________ ________a screen and audio visual ___________. In other words, they are well _________________(adj.) 2)__________ with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more. 翻译句子： 1.思考一下“旨在”的表达方式? 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任未来的职业生涯。 1)______________________________________________________________________________ 2)______________________________________________________________________________ 3)______________________________________________________________________________ 2. graduate v. 使…毕业，授予…学位毕业 短语：毕业于_________________ 研究生院______________大学生_____________________ 派生词填空： 1)In three years you’ll _______ ________ senior High School, at which time, I can call you a high school___________. Do you welcome me to your ________________ ceremony? 3.major 短语：主修课目__________________________ 主修__________________________ 语法填空： 1.Many students in university take a course in English. In other words ,The ___________of them ________ _________ (主修)English. Besides，there are many students whose __________ _________ are Arts. 翻译句子： 1)他鼓励我在大学主修英语，成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2)我来说，我学习过程中主要的挑战就是没有科学的方法来帮助我记忆英语单词。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 4.present adj. (反)______________ 短语：目前______________ 出席会议_______________ 缺席________________ 语法填空： 1.Yesterday，professor Wang delivered a lecture, one sentence of which touched all the students _____________ at the meeting, that is , your __________ is the best present for your parents. Those who were _______ from the meeting all expressed their regrets for not attending the lecture. 翻译句子: 1).我同学王伟目前正在医院里，是因为上周日打篮球的时候不小心把腿给摔折了。 ________________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
来源：网络资源 2009-08-10 15:52:10 [标签：试卷词汇英语][当前4168家长在线讨论]高中英语词汇测试试卷（一） 1、communicate A. vi. 交往；vt.传送 B. n. 小包裹 C. n. 主人 D. vt. 随身携带 2、beancurd A. n. 豆腐 B. adj. 国内的 C. n. 地震 D. n. 奖章奖牌 3、conceited A. adj. 错误的 B. adj. 接收到的 C. n. 进入 D. adj. 骄傲自满的 4、athlete A. adj. 必要的，必需的 B. n. 病，疾病
C. vt. 发音 D. n. 田径运动员 5、employ A. vt. 雇佣 B. vt. 吮吸, 舔食 C. n. 自用的（食物等） D. vt. 利用, 剥削 6、operate A. n. 歌剧 B. vt. 急救 C. vt. 经营, 管理 D. vt. 利用 7、fetch A. vt.& vi. 去取, 去拿 B. n. 节目, 程序 C. n. 领袖, 领导 D. vt.& vi. 相信认为 8、swing A. vt. 挥舞, 摆动 B. vt. 追猎, 猎取 C. vi. 游泳 D. vt. 分发
9、gradually A. n. 段; 部分, 部门 B. adv. 逐渐地 C. adv. 廉价地 D. n. 移居者 10、injure A. vt. 追猎, 猎取 B. n. 水塘, 水池 C. vt. 损害, 伤害 D. n. 恩惠, 好意 11、petrol A. vi. 巡逻 B. adj. 特别的, 专门的 C. vt. 违反(规定) D. n. 汽油 12、landowner A. n. 地主, 土地所有者 B. n. 自豪 C. vt. 打断 D. adj. 幸运的 13、gymnastics A. adj. 易碎的
高考英语词汇复习 agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。 sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见 sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人agree to sb 建议agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见agree to do sth 同意干某事 break vt.打破;损坏;破坏We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。 break in 闯入,插话break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息 break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围 break up 驱散,学校的放学The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯 bring vt.拿来;带来;取来I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降bring force 使产生,引起 bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前 bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗？它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。bring back to one's mind 使回想起 bring up sb 抚养某人bring up sth 提出bring up 呕吐bring to an end 结束=come to an end call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。 call on sb 拜访,号召call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠 call for 需要And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生有你的电话。 call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事call off 取消(计划,比赛) call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫call up sb 打电话 call in 请进来We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天後打电话。 carry vt.携带;运载;传送Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把garbage 运到外面去。 carry on 进行下去,坚持下去Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引carry forward 推进,发扬(精神) carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品carry through 进行到底,完成计划carry sb through 使...渡过难关 catch vt.捉;抓住vi.接住We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。 catch up 赶上33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。catch on 勾住,绊倒catch at 想抓住A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。be caught in the rain 被雨淋catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作 clear a.清澈[晰]的vt.清除It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除 come vi.到来; 变得; 到达May I come in? 我能进来吗？ come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去Oh, come on now. 噢别这样了。 come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。 come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事 come in 进来,上市And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗 come from 来自于I come from Japan. 我来自日本。come out 出来,出发,结果Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有? come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？ come up sb 走进come up 种子生长发育,被提出and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。 come to one's rescuers 帮助 come true 实现I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义 词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑： 一、根据定义或解释猜测词义 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese? A.诗人 B.木匠 C.厨师 D.伐木工人 通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠” A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。 二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断 As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。 三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese? A.干净的 B.白皙的 C.肮脏的 D.整齐的 和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
最新高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。 常见的题干有： 1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？ 2) The word... could best be replaced by. 3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). 4) According to the passage,... probably means. 5) The author uses the word... to mean. 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
高三英语单词过关检测一 班级：________________ 姓名：________________ 得分：_________________ 1.the ______________ 大西洋 2.Constable was a great English___________. 康斯太布尔是伟大的英国画家. 3.We waited for the ___________ of our guests. 我们等著客人的到来。 4.He shot an ___________ at the hare. 他对准野兔射了一箭。 5.He has written an ___________ for the magazine. 他已给该刊撰写了一篇文章。 6.The _______________ of the city is very much polluted.那个城市的空气受到严重污染。 7.She was ___________ of having failed in the examination. 她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。 8.China is an ___________ country. 中国是个亚洲国家。 9.We had an ____________ about politics. 我们就政治展开了争论。 10.She will ____________ to beat the world record. 她决心要打破世界纪录. 11.The news _____________ everyone. 这消息使大家感到惊讶. 12._____________ is one of my favorite subjects. 天文学. 13.The _________ won two gold medals in the Olympics.这位运动员在奥林匹克运动会上获得两块金牌。 14.We have already made _______________ for our vacation. 我们已经为假期作了安排。 15.He worked as an ___________ to the President. 他当过总统助理。 16.He was born in _____________. 8月 17.They decided to ___________ at night. 他们决定夜晚进攻. 18.Listen ___________ to the speaker. 专心地听演讲人的话 19.She shows a very positive ___________ to her work. 她工作态度非常积极. 20.These toys are a real ___________ at such low prices.这些玩具的价格这么便宜, 真划得来。 21.He is the first ___________ to walk on the moon.他是第一位在月球漫步的太空人。 22.The ___________ enjoyed every minute of the performance.观众自始至终欣赏这次演出。 23.He is from ___________.澳洲 24.My car ___________ has run down. 我汽车上的电池用完了。 25.The ground is covered with leaves in _____________. 秋天 26.The ___________ age of the students is 19. 学生的平均年龄是19岁. 27.They all ___________ mentioning that name. 他们都避免提及那名字。 28.Vocabulary is ___________ to English learners. 词汇对于英语学习者来说是基本的。 29.The offer is very ___________ to us. 这一出价对我们具有很大吸引力。 30.Playing ___________ is good for our body. 羽毛球 31.Passengers checked their ___________ before boarding the plane. 旅客上飞机前托运了行李。 32.Try to ___________ your diet by eating more fruit and less meat. 尽量多吃水果少吃肉, 均衡饮食. 33.I think you need to see a doctor for your ___________.我想你的腰痛需要看医生。 34.They are vacationing at the ___________.他们正在海滨度假。 35.Our dog always ___________ at strangers. 我们的狗一见生人就叫. 36.___________ is very popular among Americans. 棒球运动很受美国人的欢迎。 37.Schools have ___________ the use of cell phones. 学校已经禁止使用手机. 38.He was shot to death in a gun ___________. 他在枪战中被击毙。 第 1 页共8 页