过去分词作状语的用
法归纳
过去分词作状语
一?过去分词作状语的基本用法：
过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条
件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用
逗号与主句隔开。
1. 原因状语
Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几
乎不能呼吸了。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身
湿透了。
Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn ' t dare to sleep
in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。
2. 时间状语
Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry. 当被孤独地留在房间
里时，婴儿哭了起来。
Asked why he did it, the mon itor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件
事时，班长说这是他的职责。
Approached in the dark, the lights looked Ion ely and purposeless. 在
黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语
Seen in this aspect, the matter isn ' t as serious as people
gen erally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样' 严重。
Grow n in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 女口果种在肥沃的土壤
里，这些种子能长得很快。
Give n better atte nti on, the accide nt could have bee n avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。
Watered more, these cabbages could have grow n better. 女口果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还
有很大的差距。
4. 方式或伴随状语
Surro un ded by his stude nts, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
He stood there sile ntly, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得
热泪盈眶。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻
子的搀扶下，走进了房间。
5. 让步状语
Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle
of nonv iole nt resista nee. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了
非暴力抵抗的原则。
Defeated again, he didn ' t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰
心。
Waited by others for over half an hour, he didn ' t turn up at the meeti ng.尽管别人等了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。
6. 独立成份（插入语）
Give n good weather, our ship will reach Shan ghai on Mon day eve ning.
假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
I ' d come and see you in New York, given the chanee. 女口果有机会，我就到纽约来看你。
Gen erally speak ing, people all believe what he has said. 一般说来，人们都相信他所说的。
二?现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
1.逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。He wen t out, shutt ing the door behi nd him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his pare nts for help. 由于不知女口何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Give n more en courageme nt, the boy could have behaved better. 女口果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难
时，我们必须设法克服。
3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的
过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in （陷入某种状态）、seated （坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、stationed （驻扌L）＞lost/absorbed （沉溺于）、born in （出身于）、dressed in （穿着）、tired of （厌烦了）等。
作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进 行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个
“主动
动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(havi ng been done)常和表示次数的短语及 时间段(fo 叶一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个
“被动动作”，
这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式 更简洁。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
文章不是很好。
Read ing carefully, he found somethi ng he had n
细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Havi ng fini shed his homework, he went home. Having bee n discussed several times, the decisi on was fin ally made.
进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he did n
思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
t hear the sound.
因为沉溺于
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
小镇，他不愿离开它。
2 ?时间概念
出生于这个美丽的
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示 种状态”，与谓语动
因为写得匆忙，这篇
t known before. 他仔
完成了作业，他就回家了
注意：一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语、-ing分词做状语，还是动词的过
去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。但是，有一些非谓语动词短语
已经游离出来，成为单独的短语，在句子中作状语。如：
⑴ exactly / hon estly / fran kly / gen erally speaki ng, 准确地说不过去/ 老实地说/ 坦率地说/ 一般说来。如：
Exactly speak ing, he got here at eight fourtee n this morning. 准确地说，今天早晨他是十八点十四分来到这里的。
Gen erally speak ing, a sn ake won 'attack a man uni ess it is bothered. 一般说来，蛇是不会攻击人的除非你冒犯了它。
⑵judging from / by...从/根据某东西判断
Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan.从他的口音来判断，他是湖南人。
Judging from what he said, he is very honest.从他所说的话来判断，它是很诚实的。
⑶ providi ng / provided …假如/ 如果
Providi ng he follows our advice, we can help him. 要是他按我们的建议去做，我
们就能帮助他。
Provided he is free, he is sure to come.女口果他有空，他肯定会来。
(4) con sideri ng...考虑至U
Considering he was just a little boy, we didn 'punish him. 考虑至U他还只是一个
小孩，我们就没有惩罚他了。
Considering it was late, we didn 'discussthe question.考虑至U时间不早了，我们就没
有讨论这个问题了。
(5) thinking of...想到/ 考虑到
Thi nking of the en vir onment we live in, the waste can 'be throw n away around directly.考虑到我们所生存的环境，废物不能直接到处乱扔。
⑹talking of...谈到/说到
Talking of math, he became excited.谈至U数学，他就兴奋起来了。
此外，还有短语：taking...into consideration 把某事考虑进去；calculating roughly,粗略地计算；supposing...假定；to tell you the truth 实话告诉你；to be frank坦白地说；to begin with首先要做的是；so to speak可以这么说；taken as a whole从整体上来看；put frankly,坦率地说；given that鉴于等。
1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?
过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
高考单项选择题中过去分词作状语考题探究与训练 过去分词作状语的用法是高考英语单项选择题的命题热点之一，也是许多考生的丢分点之一。请看近几年来的考题： 【考题探究】 例1 an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous. （2011·四川） A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.T o offer 【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于状语从句As she is offered an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.又因为主语Andy 与分词之间是被动关系，故选C。 例2. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （2011·天津）A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为过去分词短语作时间状语，相当于状语从句When it was translated into English , the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 又因为主语the sentence 与分词之间是被动关系,故答案应选B。 例3._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .（2010陕西） A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. T o see 【解析】由句子结构分析，此处应为现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于状语从句When it is seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
V-ed分词作状语和短语动词 一．V-ed分词作状语 及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。 1. V-ed分词作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句） ①Born at the beginning of the century, he became president in the early 1940’s. 他出生于世纪之初，到了20世纪40年代初期成为了总统。 ②Seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful.从山上看去，这个村庄更加漂亮了。可以转换为When it is seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful. 2. V-ed分词作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句） ①Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building. 孩子们被从四面八方朝他们飞来的石头弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。可以转换为They were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, so the boys ran into the building. ②Tired and hungry, the little girl sat at the wall corner. 又累又饿，小女孩坐到了墙角处。 ③Discouraged, she decided to leave the city of Beijing. 心灰意冷，她决定离开北京城。 3. V-ed分词作条件状语(相当于条件状语从句) ①Given more time and support, we could have done it better. 如果当时给我们更多的时间和支持，我们会做得更好。可以转换为If we were given more time and support, we could have done it better. ②Put into use as soon as possible, the hotline will do us a great favour. 如果被尽快地投入使用，这条热线将会给我们很大的帮助。 ③Watered once a week, the vegetables will grow better. 一周浇一次水，这些蔬菜会长得更好。 4. V-ed分词作让步状语(相当于although / though引导的让步状语从句) ①Attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. 尽管被攻击了很多次，但伦敦居民并没有屈服。可以转换为Although they were attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. ②Laughed at by other boys, he still continued to complete the task. 尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成了这项任务。 ③Tried again, the experiment still couldn’t give us a satisfying answer. 又尝试了一次，这个实验仍然不能给我们一个满意的结果。 5. V-ed分词作方式或伴随状语（相当于方式状语从句，当表示伴随时，相当于一个并列句） ①Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在树林里慢慢行走，狼狗跟在后面。可以转换为The hunter walked slowly in the forest and his wolf dog Followed him. ②The hero sat there telling stories, surrounded by a lot of students. 英雄坐在那儿讲故事，许多孩子围着他。 6. V-ed分词作结果状语（相当于结果状语从句） ①He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions.
过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计 编写人：吴翔审批人： 学习目标： 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。 2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。 3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。 【使用说明】 1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学案进行有效预习（约30分钟） 2. 1）15分钟自学、讨论 2）25分钟质疑、展示、点拨、巩固落实 3）5分钟当堂检测 【课前预习】 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1.作定语 1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。 boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、 iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条； fallen leaves落叶、 the risen sun升起的太阳 2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves. The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 2.作表语 1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较： My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) 3. 作宾补 1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get等的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了修我的自行车。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。
非谓语动词:过去分词 过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词表示完成或被动,作状语时,表示动作发生的背景或者情况,在意义上相当于一个状语从句,其省略的主语(逻辑主语)就是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式就是将not放在其前面。 一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法: 1)过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或 while来强调时间概念、 例:1、Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red、 当她被问及发生了什么的时候,她的脸红了。 2、When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam、当加热时,水变成水蒸气。 3、Told that his mother was ill(When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried home quickly、李蕾得知母亲生病了时,马上赶回了家。 4、Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green、从月亮上 瞧时,地球就是绿色。 2)过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。例:1、Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry、由于被电影深深地感动,孩子们哭了起来。 2、Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone、因为被惊悚电影吓坏了,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 3、Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a、、、), he was all wet、 4、Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with、、、), the teacher praised him in class、由于老师对她所做的事情很满意,于就是在班上表扬了她。 3)过去分词作条件状语时,通常放在句子的前面,相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。例:1、Compared with you (If we are compared) , we still have a long way to go、
小结过去分词作状语 [讲一讲] 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词（短语）因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如： Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 (Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil) 注意： ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。 ②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。 [练一练] I. 用所给词的适当形式填空，并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配。 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.
过去分词做状语 一．单项选择： 1．Mr. Brown came in __________ two students. A. follow B. followed C. followed by D. to follow 2．Badly _____________ , the soldier continued to fire back at the enemy. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. having wounded 3．___________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 4．________ , I’ll pay a visit to Mr. Liang in Wuhan. A. Time permits B. Time permitting C. With time permitted D. When time permitting 5．____, he is to blame. A. Having not passed the test B. Not passed the test C. His pupil not having passed the test D. Not his pupil passing test 6. Once lost, ______________. A. it is hard to get such a chance again. B. to get such a chance will be difficult C. one can never get such a chance again D. such a chance might never come again 7. The young man rushed out of the room, _____ into his car and started it hurriedly, ___ to get home as soon as possible. A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped 8. _________, all the students shouted and jumped with joy. A. To be excited B. Having been excited C. Exciting D. Being excited 9. _____________ from the moon, the earth looks like a water-covered globe. A. Watching B. Looked C. Seen D. Seeing 10. _________ the place on the map, they discussed which way they should take. A. Having located B. Locating C. Located D. To locate 11. _________many times, he finally understood it . A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 12. ________ how poor he was at the beginning, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 13. Greatly moved by her words, ___________ . A. tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears
非谓语动词：过去分词 过去分词(短语）作状语 过去分词表示完成或被动，作状语时，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（逻辑主语）是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。 一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法： 1)过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或 while来强调时间概念. 例：1. Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. 当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。 2. When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 3.Told that his mother was ill（When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried home quickly. 李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。 4. Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green. 从月亮上看 时，地球是绿色。 2)过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。例：1. Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry. 由于被电影深深地感动，孩子们哭了起来。 2. Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 3. Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a...), he was all wet. 4. Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with...), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 3)过去分词作条件状语时，通常放在句子的前面，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从 句。
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用 -ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式 例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.
过去分词作状语 【观察】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以总结。 1. Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 2. Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 3. Caught in the rain on my way home, I had a bad cold. 4. Built thirty years ago the house still looks very beautiful. 5. The professor, followed by his assistants, walked out of the hall. 6. She sat by the window alone, lost in thought. 7. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 8. Water can be changed into vapor when heated. 9. There is no point arguing about it; just do as told. 10. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. [总结] 过去分词可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点： 一、过去分词作状语表示的意义 ●表示时间(如例句1)、条件(如例句2)、原因(如例句3)、让步(如例句4) 的分词短语相当于相对应的状语从句。 After they had been discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. If it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. Because I was caught in the rain on my way home, I had a bad cold. Although it was built thirty years ago, the house still looks very beautiful. ●作方式状语或表示伴随情况，说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。可转化成并列句。(如例句5-6) The professor walked out of the hall and he was followed by his assistants. She sat by the window alone, and she was lost in thought. 二、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 ●过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(如例句1-5) 【难点点拨】分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较： Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. Seen from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful. ●有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost(如例句6), seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in, surprised, disappointed, exhausted, frightened, satisfied(如例句7), tired等。 三、“连词+过去分词”结构作状语 过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加某些连词，以表示强调。常用的有if, unless, when(如例句8), once, until, though/ although, even if/ even though, as(如例句9), as if等。 【难点点拨】此结构实际是状语从句的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词是被动式时，省略从句的主语和动词be即是。 Water can be changed into vapor when (it is) heated. There is no point arguing about it, just do as (you are) told. 四、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语 如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等(如例句10)。