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考研英语阅读理解十大解题思路

考研英语阅读理解十大解题思路
考研英语阅读理解十大解题思路

一、细节题

1、题干上有五个W一个H提问,

2、题干中明确的会提到时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。

3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。

4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。

5、解题关键:返回原文,准确定位。

做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身

返回原文:

1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。

2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。

3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词,或同义词返回原文。

4、通过长难句返回原文。

二、句子理解题

1、标志:题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话,重要的不是上下文,而是句子本身。

2、步骤:

(1)重点是返回原文,对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。正确(不能推)理解该句子的深刻含义。

(2)若该句话的含义不能确定,则适当依据上下文进行判断。局部含义有整体含义决定。

(3)一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系,只不过用其他短语表达。

3、错误选项特征:推的过远,做题时注意把握理解度。

4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。

三、主旨大意题

1、标志:best title, main idea, main problem ,conclusion ,mainly disguss, mainly deal with 或者问作者的写作目的purpose the author intend s to do sth a digest of

利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题,不管是出现在什么位置,都把他作为最后一题来做。

2、方法:(1)段落少,用串线法。

(2)快速作文法:两个选项难以分辨的时候,用这两个选项做作文,快速给出提纲。

3、选项不能选择局部信息,也不能选范围过宽的信息。

四、态度题

1、标志:题干中出现attitude ,believe ,consid er, deam, regard,deem

2、作者态度可以分为三大类:

(1)正态度:支持,乐观,赞同

(2)客观、中立、公正

(3)反对、批评、怀疑

3、等价选项都不选

4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项):indif ferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的

biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)

5、识别作者态度:方法一:可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断

方法二:当作者态度没有明确提出时,找文章中有褒贬含义,含有感情色彩的词。

6、特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。做题时不要把自己的态度纳入其中,而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

五、态度题的新趋势:

1、现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度,也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度,做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

2、选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词,而是改为带有程度限制的词语,带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的:quarded慎重的,qualified有条件的,tempered缓和的,因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观,一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的刺绣是的选项必然是错误的,如:strongly compeletly entirely

六、推理题

1、标志:往往出现infer imply learn

2、解题关键:(1)绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。

(2)做题时看是否可以通过题干返回原文,或者依据选项返回原文,一般围绕文章中的一两个重点句进行

思考,特别注意文章中含义深刻或者结构复杂的句子。因为对作者所表达的意思不能一下子理解的长难句是命题所在。

尤其注意:做题时不能想的太多,推的太远,是否能把原文看懂才是关键。

七、例证题的解题思路

1、标志:example, exemplify ,illustration ,d emonstration

2、解题关键:不在于是否看懂了例子,而在于是否找到了例子所支持的观点。

3、步骤:(1)返回原文,找出该例子支持的观点。8 0%向上,20%向下

(2)在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致,意思最接近的一个。

注意:有时候例证题所支持的观点需要归纳总结。4、错误答案的论述方式:混淆论点与论据;列举无关常识。

八、判断题

1、标志:which of the following statement is n ot ture? All of the following is ture excep t...

2、思路:

(1)首先判断是三对一错还是三错一对,所谓对是符合原文或者符合作者态度的。所谓错是指原文有矛盾或者原文未提及的概念,或者与作者态度相反的内容。(2)每个选项力争返回原文,与原文信息进行一一比较排除

(3)注意这种题目的选项,有时候会集中于某段的信息或者各具一些共同特征,所以做题时可以先对比一下四个选项,找出其中可能存在的共同点,再回到原文定位。

九、词汇题

1、标志:在题目中明确指出某处的单词或者词组,要求辨别其意思。

2、关键:该单词并不重要,重要的是上下文。

3、如果该单词认识,并且不超纲,那么他的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。其正确答案是根据上下文推出的

更深层的含义,该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系。

4、方法借助上下文理解,在上下文中寻找同性词或词组,利用上下文中逻辑关系将四个选项代入替换,看语义是否通顺。

十、指代题

1、标志:在题干中明确指出某个代词要求辨别it th at one they

2、步骤:

(1)返回原文,定位代词,并且准确理解分析该句话。(2)向上搜索离其最近的名词、短语、句子。

(3)将找到的词,短语,句子带入替换,看是否通顺。(4)在四个选项中,找与找到的词最接近的选项。

八大宏观阅读技巧

一、花开两朵,各表一枝

写作的模式一般是开始提出两个核心概念,随后分段论述。阅读这种类型的文章,关键是要把握两个概念的定义以及它们的区别与联系以及各自特征。

二、问题答案型

改写作模式往往是在第一段出现一个问题,在随后的各段提供该问题的答案。阅读时重点理解该文章的中心,其中心就是该问题的最直接最主要的答案

三、时文

特点:耸人听闻,吸引眼球;貌似客观,内涵态度;抛砖引玉,一起争论

阅读时文时,把握时文的中心出现在首段的末句,或者二段的首句。

四、独句段

出现一个句子单独成段,特别是其出现在文章开始或者结尾,一般其表达的是文章的中心思想。若位于文章中间部分一般是承上启下的作用。但少部分出现在中间,表达中心思想。

五、开门见山

文章的写作特点是:直接给出观点,摆出事实论据,进行推理论证,每段都紧扣文章的主题。

六、启承传合

阅读时要抓住论点,区分论点合论据的关系,因为题目设计往往围绕论点进行,并要注意把握文章首尾的前后呼应关系。

七、平铺直叙

事实合观点交叉出现,在字里行间达到阐明观点的目的,需要大家综合各段内容,通过分析和归纳判断。抓住首段和文章隐含的中心思想。

八、层层递进

一篇文章的整体,或者几个段落论述的问题,由从抽象到具体,从初级到高级,从简单到复杂的过程,且各段从开始都出现递进词,阅读时注意把握这种文章的中心,或几段的核心。观点必然出现在层层递进各段的最后一段。

五大微观阅读技巧

一、虚拟语气

1、作者写作时采用虚拟语气,一般表示建议、态度、和观点,用来表达一种反事实的假设。

2、阅读时,重点要体会作者利用反话正说,正话反说所传递的言外之意。

二、长难句

1、主句,从句多又长,一个主句带多个从句,从句又含从句

2、方法:(1)先抓整句话的主干,从前向后读句子,找出独立的谓语部分,把握复杂句中,最核心的主谓宾语,再根据从句的连接词,区分主从句,层层扩展进行理解。

3、分词短语、to do结构,独立主格的干扰

注意理解主句最完整的特征就是有完整的主谓结构,尤其是独立的主谓语部分,一个看似句子的结构,如果没有独立的诸位部分,它不是句子,而是分词短语、to do结构,独立主格。

三、长难句基本语法结构

1、形式主语或宾语

2、强调句结构

3、非限制性定语从句

4、同位语从句

5、倒装结构

6、省略句

四、标点符号的作用

1、句号:用来分割句子,以句子为单位把一个长的段落切分成为不同的句型。

2、逗号:两个逗号之间,或者一个逗号之后是用是一个补充说明成分,可以先不看。

3、冒号:冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程,后面进一步是具体补充说明前面的内容。

4、分号前后是并列关系,包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。

5、破折号:两个破折号之间或者一个破折号之后是补充说明成分,可以先不看。

6、引号:一种作用是用来引用别人的观点,用来支持作者观点,或者是作为批判的对象。

一种是说反话,表示反语。

7、括号:补充说明的作用。

五、类比关系

1、类比,引用,举例都是为了要说明观点,阅读时可以把类比看做特殊的例证,重点是要找出作者所支持的观点。

2、阅读的时候注意识别一下类比的核心概念,作者把什么比喻成了什么,也就是类比或者比喻的对象。

错误选项的十大特征:

1、无中生有,乃原文中未提及的概念

2、正反混淆

3、所答非所问(选项符合原文,但是不符合题干)

4、扩大范围

5、因果倒置

6、常识判断(符合常识的不一定是正确答案,但是不符合常识的一定不是正确答案)

7、过分绝对。(never must no+名词,若有缓和就不是错误的)

8、推的过远

9、变换词性

10、偷换概念

正确答案五大特征:

1、正确答案通常与文章中心思想,主旨大意有关。

2、正确答案所在位置(1)首段段尾句(2)转折处(3)因果关系处(4)条件关系处

3、正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换,或者正话反说,反话正说。

4、正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词:can may might尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置,以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。

5、正确答案具有概括性,深刻性,因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。

遇到难的单词时:

A、如果影响到文章的理解时要要根据上下文进行判断。

B、不影响整体理解时可直接跳过,重要的是要相信自己能读懂。

关键的句子读不懂时

关键的句子读不懂时,首先从结构角度进行缩句,找出独立的谓语动词可以帮助理解句子的主干。若连谓语动词都找不到可以借助上下文逻辑关系对这句话意思进行猜测。

遇到文章完全看不懂时:

遇到难的文章时可通读文章第一句话和尾段第一句话看是否能把握住前后呼应的关系猜测文章大意,与此同时快速浏览全文,充分做记号。记号点:1、显示文章结构的信息词:but、even、although、for examp le。2、显示作者态度的具有感情色彩的词

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