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人教版高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析

人教版高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析
人教版高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析

Unit1 a land of diversity

1.illustrate v. 说明, 阐明, 图解, 配图

The company's bank statements illustrate its success.

这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。

This diagram will illustrate what I mean.

这个图表可说明我的意思

She decides to use charts and diagrams to illustrate.

她决定用图表来说明。

Let me illustrate. 让我举出这样一个例子来

illustrate by facts 用事实说明

Illustrate five of your words. 图解你的五个单词

The publisher will illustrate the book .

那个出版商将给这本书配图。

illustrated adj. 有插图的

illustrative adj. 解说性的,说明性的

illustration n. 1.(书、杂志等中的)插图, 图表, 图案例证, 实例; 说明, 图解, 图示

Here is another illustration: 这是另外一个例子。Acting or serving as an illustration. 作为解释说明的Take an airline as an illustration. 以航空公司为例子. 2.distinct adj. 截然不同的; 清晰的,明显的

Those two ideas are quite distinct. 这两个主意完全不同。Gold is distinct from iron. 金在性质上不同于铁。

There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.

你的英语口语有明显的进步。

His pronunciation is quite distinct. 他的发音非常清楚。It is distinct that smoking is harmful to health.

很明显, 抽烟对健康有害。

a distinct image 清晰的图像

distinct improvement 明显的改进

distinction n. 明显差别,特征; 卓越,优秀; 荣誉,奖赏

I can't see any distinction between these two cases.

我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。

He is a writer of real distinction.

他是一位真正才智超群的作家。

He has gained a distinction in various fields of scholarly studies.他在多种科学的学术研究中享有盛名。

the main distinction 主要区别

a nice distinction 细微的差别

A diplomat of distinction. 一位卓越的外交官

an essential distinction 本质差别

3.majority n. 大多数半数以上; 超过的票数;

法定年龄成年

The majority of his books are kept upstairs.

他的大部分书收藏在楼上。

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

这次的大部分损害容易补救。

The draft resolution was adopted by a majority of 128.

这项提案以超过128票的多数获得通过。

She has reached her majority. 她已达到法定年龄。

She has reached her majority. 她已达到法定年龄。

a slender [narrow] majority 微弱的多数

an overwhelming majority 绝大多数

*be in the majority属多数;占多数

Publishing houses where women are in the majority.

妇女占多数的出版社。

major adj. 较大的主要的严重的

n. 少校专业主修科目

vi. 〈美〉主修专攻

There are major and minor principles in everything, and the minor principles are all subordinate to the major.

事情有大道理, 有小道理, 一切小道理都归大道理管着。They suffered some major setbacks during the fighting.

在这次战斗中, 他们遭到了严重挫折。

The car needs major repairs. 这辆汽车需要大修。

The major ordered his men to fall in at once.

少校命令他的士兵立即集合。

Mathematics is my major. 我的专业是数学

Are you majoring in English Literature?

你是在专修英国文学吗?

4.ministry n. (政府的)部; 牧师职位;神职任期

(US=department)

The Ministry has resigned. 内阁辞职了。

Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部

the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部

the Ministry of National Defence 国防部

The ministry of preaching. 布道的神职

He is training for the ministry.

他正在接受培训,准备做牧师。

牧师: blackcoat churchman minister pastor priest minister n. 部长,大臣; 外交使节; 某些新教教会的牧师

(US=secretary)

the prime minister 首相;(内阁)总理

Minister of Defence 国防大臣

the Minister of F-Affairs (=F-Minister) 外交部长

5.adventure n. 冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇

All the children listened to his adventures with eager attention.

孩子们注意力十分集中地听他讲他的冒险经历。

The trip to Afghanistan was an adventure for Helen.

到阿富汗旅行对海伦来说是一次冒险的经历。

Stories of adventure thrilled him . 探险小说使他神情激动。

He is full of adventure. 他富有冒险精神。

Adventure travel is becoming very popular.

探险旅游正在盛行起来。

v. 冒险

No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。Those explorers gallantly adventured on unknown seas.

那些探险家们大胆地在陌生的海域探险。

6.make a live

Most people are so busy making a living that they forget to make a life. 大多数人忙于求生,而忘了真正的生活!

7.percentage n. 百分率, 比率

Television attracts a large percentage of the people.

电视吸引了大部分观众。

What is the percentage of nitrogen in air?

空气中所含的氮的比例是多少?

What percentage of children were absent?

缺席的学童占百分之几?

The figure is expressed as a percentage

那数字是以百分比表示的.

a percentage of 5 百分之五

the percentage of greenery coverage 城市绿化覆盖率percent 百分比,百分数;百分之一

be hundred-percent sure 有十分把握

Genius in one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的努力. Fifteen percent discount to you. 给您打八五折。

cut down by ten percent 减少百分之十

a 97 percent cure rate 治愈率达97%

8.boom n. v.激增,猛涨; 兴隆,迅速发展,繁荣昌盛

发出隆隆声,轰鸣,轰响

Business is booming. 生意日趋繁荣。

He is booming as a teacher. 作为一位教师, 他日趋成功。The guns boomed. 大炮隆隆作响。

The boom has created job opportunities.

经济繁荣创造了就业的机会。

The new aircraft creates a sonic boom.

那种新飞机会产生声震。

9. 柬埔寨Cambodia; 泰国Thailand 越南Viet Nam

老挝Laos 缅甸Burma (东南亚)

10. 巴基斯坦Pakistan(南亚) 巴勒斯坦Palestine(西亚)

11.Korea(高丽)是南北朝鲜的统称。

1948年南北分开成立政府以后,各持有正式名称:

朝鲜:(DPRK)

the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea(north Korea)

韩国:(ROK)(South Korea)

the Republic of Korea(south Korea)

12.racial adj. 人种的, 种族的

They have long been involved in a campaign for racial equality.长期以来他们一直致力于争取种族平等的运动。They have the same racial type. 他们有相同的种族类型。We should have racial pride.我们应该有种族优越感。

He spoke out against racial discrimination.

他声言反对种族歧视。

racial differences; racial discrimination/prejudices.

种族差异;种族歧视。

racial equality 种族平等

racial conflict 种族冲突

race 1.人种, 种族类, 族2.(速度)比赛, 赛跑; 竞争;.赛马会Marathon (race) 马拉松赛跑hurdle race 跨栏跑

a dragon-boat race 赛龙船

motorcycle race 摩托车比赛

arms race; armament race 军备竞赛

Australian race 澳大利亚人种the black race 黑种人the human race 人类mixed race 混血人种

v. (使)参加比赛快速移动; 快速运转

I'll race you home. 我和你比赛看谁先到家。

He raced his car across the desert. 他开车驶过那片荒漠。Let's race to see what is happening.

咱们跑去看看发生了什么事情。

13.apply “应用”、“运用”、“适用”“涂, 敷”

apply to…(适用于); apply…to…(把…应用于…)

We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。In this way we can better apply theory to practice.

这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

The rule doesn’t apply in all cases.

此规则并非适用于所有的情形。

The book does not apply to beginners.

这书不适合于初学者。

These methods apply to learning English.

这些方法适用于英语学习。

Apply medicine to his wound. 在他伤口上涂药。

apply“申请”apply for(申请得到); apply to do(申请做某事) apply to...for... (向...申请...)

You may apply in person or by letter.

你亲自或通过书信申请均可。

More than 30 people applied for the position.

有30多个人申请这个职位。

He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。

(比较以下两同义句:)

去年他申请入党。

正:Last year he applied to join the Party.

正:Last year he applied for membership in the Party.

He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。

They applied to the government for financial help.

他们向政府申请经济援助。

apply apply oneself to (专心致力于,专心从事),(to 是介词) He applied himself to his work. 他专心工作。

She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。Apply your mind to your work. 专心工作吧。

apply的派生词:

applicable adj. 适用于

This rule is not applicable to foreigners.

这条规则不适用于外国人。

applicant n. 申请者(可数)

There are three applicants for the job.

有三个人申请这项工作。

application n. 申请(不可数);申请书(可数);

使用,应用,适用(可数或不可数):

Application must be made this afternoon.

申请必须在今天下午提出。

It’s of very wide application. 它的适用范围很广。

We received 60 applications for the job.

对这项工作我们收到60个人的求职申请

14.custom n. 习惯, 风俗; 个人习惯,习性;光顾,惠顾

It is the custom of foreigners to do so.

这种做法是外国人的习惯。

It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously...

他习惯谨慎地处理每一个问题。

We would like to have your custom.

我们欢迎您的惠顾。

Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom.

打折并不是招揽顾客的唯一途径。

customs 关税; .海关

He walked through customs.他步行通过海关

A customs union comprising Belgium and Netherlands and Luxembourg.比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国关税同盟。

We clear customs. 我们就去通关。

They are collecting customs. 他们正在收缴关税

The camera cleared customs. 相机通过海关了。

At the customs counter. 在海关柜台

customer n. 顾客,客户,用户

15.ocdur v. 发生,出现,存在; 被发现; 被想起

I hope this won't occur again. 我希望不要再发生这种事情。Silver occurs natural. 银是天然存在的。

When did the earthquake occur? 地震是什么时候发生的?The word “gratitude” did not occur in his words.

“感激”两字在他的话中是见不到的。

It never occurred to me that he would become a K.C.

我从来也不会想到他能成为一名王室法律顾问。

Did it occur to you to close the window ?

你有没有想到关窗户?

His name did not occur to my memory.

我记不起他的名字了。

16.indicate v. 指出,标出,表明,暗示

A survey of retired people has indicated that most are independent and enjoying life.

对退休人员的调查表明,大部分人都自食其力,享受生活。This indicates whether remedies are suitable for children.

由此可以看出治疗方法是否适合儿童。

Mr Rivers has indicated that he may resign...

里弗斯先生暗示他可能会辞职。

He indicated a chair. 'Sit down.'

他指着一把椅子说,“坐下。”

Dreams can help indicate your true feelings.

梦可以反映你的真实感情。

The needles that indicate your height are at the top

right-hand corner.显示你身高的指针在右上角。

indicator n. 指针,指示器, 转弯指示灯; 方向灯

指示物,指示者.指示信号

indication n. .指示, 表示; 象征, 迹象

Did he give you any indication of his feelings?

他向你表示了自己的感情了吗?

17.apparent adj.显然的, 清晰可见的, 表面上的

His guilt is apparent to all. 他的罪恶尽人皆知。

His anxiety was apparent to everyone.

大家都能看出他的焦虑。

The apparent truth was really a lie.

表面上看似实话, 实际上是个谎言。

It is obvious/apparent/clear that… 很显然……

apparent shoreline 显而易见的海滨线

18.fascinating adj.迷人的,吸引人的

The changing vivid colors of the sunset are really fascinating.

日落时变化多端的色彩确实使人心醉神迷。

Your ideas are fascinating to me.

你的这些主意对我来说是有吸引力的。

fascinate

Her beauty fascinated every boy.

她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。

The snake fascinated its prey.

这条蛇震慑住了它要捕食的动物。

fascination n. 迷恋,着迷; 魅力;有魅力的东西

He found great fascination in her quiet, frank manner.

他迷恋她娴静、坦率的举止。

He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.

他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。

She completely forgot her shyness in her fascination with what he was saying. 他的话使她入了迷,完全忘记了羞怯。Stamp collecting holds a certain fascination for me

我特别喜爱集邮.

Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me.

旧教堂对我具有某种奇特的魅力。

19.take in 欺骗; 使上当

The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.

这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。

If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in.

如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。

领会; 理解

I wonder if he's really taking it in.

我想知道他是否真正明白了。

The lecturer had the feeling that a good deal of what he said had not been taken in by the students.

演讲人觉得他说的许多话学生都没有领会。

接待; 收留

He had nowhere to go, so I took him in.

他无处可去, 所以我收留了他。

My house is full; I can't take in any more guests.

我的房子已客满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。

包括

The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects.

物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。

吸入

The boat is taking in water!

船进水啦!

改小;改短

The coat is to large for me. I had to had it took in.

20.nowhere adv. 无处, 哪里都不

The poor has nowhere to live. 这个可怜的老人无处可住。There's nowhere else I really want to go to.

没有别的地方是我真正想去的。

That kind of talk will get you nowhere.说那种话对你没好处。Five dollars goes nowhere now.现在五美元买不到什么东西。Such methods will get you nowhere.

这些做法不会有什么结果。

She rose to fame out of nowhere. 她莫名其妙地就出名了。Nowhere have I seen your bike.我从未见过你的自行车。21.mourn 哀悼

The couple mourned for their dead child.

这对夫妻哀悼死去的孩子。

She mourned the loss of her brother.

她因为失去了哥哥而悲痛。

mourn a deceased friend 哀悼亡友

mourn for a dead friend 悼念亡友

21.civil adj. 公民的国内的民用的民间的

civil war 国内战争、内战

civil law 民法

civil case 民事案件

civil servants 公务员

enjoy civil rights 享有公民权

Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部

22.authority n.权威;权力;学术权威;

行政管理机构; [复数]当权者(authorities)

A policeman has the authority to arrest lawbreakers.

警察有权逮捕犯法的人。

He has the authority for handling this matter.

他有权力处理这件事。

A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of words. 一本好词典是词义的权威。

The prison authorities have been criticized for not moving more quickly to end the protest by inmates.

监狱当局因没有尽快采取行动制止犯人抗议而受到批评The new building must be financed by the local authority.

新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。

the Health Education Authority.卫生教育局

23.grasp n.v. 抓紧,握牢,握紧; 掌握,控制; 理解;领悟;明

He grasped both my hands.他紧紧抓住我的双手。

She was trying to grasp at something.

她正试图抓住什么东西。

His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp.

他的手被热情地紧紧握住了

The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. 政府当局还没有意识到这场危机的严重性。

He grasped that Stephen was talking about his wife.

他明白斯蒂芬在说他的妻子。

She allowed victory to slip from her grasp.

她让胜利从手中溜走了。

Unit2 cloning

1.differ vi. 不同有异持异议

Nylon and silk differ. 尼龙与丝绸不同。

Virus particles differ in shape. 病毒颗粒有不同的形状。\ The two brothers often differ. 他们兄弟俩常常发生分歧。Opinions differ on this matter. 对这件事各人看法不一。differ in length 长短不一

Opinions differ from each other. 不同的人更是见仁见智。He often differs from me in opinion. 他常与我意见相左。different adj. 不同的, 差异的

difference n. 差别, 差异; 差距, 差额

2.exact adj. 精确的, 准确的; 严格的, 严谨的

Please give me your exact age. 请把你的确切年龄告诉我。His memory is very exact; he never makes mistakes.

他的记忆非常准确, 从不出错。

Accountants have to be very exact. 会计必须十分严谨。exact date 具体日期

to be exact 确切地说

an exact definition 确切的定义

the exact figures 精确无误的数字

An exact speaker. 一个严谨的演讲者

3.identical adj. 同一的;.完全同样的

She wore the identical dress on both occasions.

在两种场合穿的是同一件衣服。

identical views 清一色的看法

The opinions are identical. 意见完全一致。

Your appearance is identical to hers.

你的相貌和她的一模一样。

My opinion is identical with yours. 我的意见和你的相同。The copy is identical with/to original.

这件复制品与原件一模一样。

https://www.doczj.com/doc/a67575043.html,mercial adj..商业的, 商务的

I work for a commercial radio station.

我在一家商业广播电台工作。

His new record is much too commercial.

他的新唱片太商业化了。

commercial bank 商业银行

commercial college 商专

commercial crisis 商业危机

commercial center 商业中心

commercial value 商业价值

commercial morality 商业道德

commerce n.(指国际间的)贸易;商业;商务

They drew up plans aimed at expanding commerce.

他们拟定了发展商业的计划。

Electronic Commerce 电子商务与网络财务

retail commerce 零售商业

Future Commerce Pattern——Internet Electronic Commerce 未来的商务模式——Internet电子商务

Commerce and Industry Bureau 工商局。

Industry and commerce are flourishing. 工商业很发达。https://www.doczj.com/doc/a67575043.html,plicated adj. 复杂的, 难懂的

This is the most complicated case I have ever handled.

这是我所处理过的最为复杂的案子。

Life is so complicated. 生活是如此复杂。

English grammar is very complicated. 英语语法非常复杂。

A complicated or involved process. 错综复杂的过程Chopin aroused very complicated emotions in her.

肖邦的乐曲唤起了她极其复杂的感情。

complicate v. 使复杂化

These events will greatly complicate the situation.

这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

There is no need to complicate matters.

没有必要使问题复杂化。

complication n. 使更复杂化的事物; 并发症

6.undertake v. 担任,从事,负责,保证; 着手,开始

I want you to undertake all the responsibility.

我要你承担所有的责任。

I'll leave you to undertake an important mission.

我要让你承担一项重要使命。

The lawyer undertook the case.

该律师承办这个案子。

He undertook the leadership of the team.

他担任了这个团队的领导。

If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality, we will undertake to replace them.

如果设备达不到议定的规格质量, 我们将负责调换。

We can't undertake that you will make a profit.

我们不能保证你会获利。

He undertakes a dangerous job.

他从事一项危险的工作。

Their team will undertake exploration for oil.

他们队将着手进行石油勘探工作。

undertaking n. (重大或艰巨的)任务,项目,事业;企业He associated himself with his friend in a business undertaking.

他与朋友合伙经商。

He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.

他太胆小,不敢从事任何事业。

7.pay off 有了回报; 取得成功,奏效; 付清; 对…进行报复

(付清工资后)解雇

John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A.

约翰在考试前努力学习, 这没有白费, 他得了个A。

You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.

你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。

All his debt was paid off with cash.

他所有的债务都是用现金付清的。

They are usually paid off at weekends.

他们一般在周末领工资。

The boss paid off the employees.

老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。

The hired hands were paid off at the end of the harvest season. 收割一结束, 雇工们就被结清工钱解雇了

I'll pay him off for treating me like that.

他这样待我, 我早晚要报复的。

Did your daring plan pay off? 你那项大胆的计划成功了吗?

8. breakthrough n.突破点, 突破性进展, 重要的新发现Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease. 科学家在治疗那种疾病方面已有突破。

a medical breakthrough 医学上的突破

break through 突围,突破

Break through all restraint 冲破一切束缚

break through the enemy's defences 突破敌人的防线

9.altogether adv. 总共; 完全地

The noise has altogether stopped. 吵闹声完全停止了。

I don't altogether agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的看法。

I'd like to have 100 sheets altogether. 我一共想要100张。Altogether, our achievements are very great.

总而言之, 我们的成绩是很大的。

not altogether wrong 不完全错

Smoking should be banned altogether. 应该完全禁止抽烟。

10.object n.物体; 对象,客体; 目标; 宾语

What are those strange objects? 那些奇异物体是什么?

The building is the main object of his interest.

他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。

Our object is to get at the truth.

我们的目的是弄清事实真相。

direct object 直接宾语

a visible object. 可见物体

subject and object 主体与客体

v.不赞成, 反对; 抗议; 以…为理由反对

He did not object.他没有反对。

I will not wear this dress if you object to it.

如果你不喜欢这件衣服,那我就不再穿它了。

They objected to me on personal grounds.

他们出于个人的原因反对我。

I don't object to a glass of beer. 我不反对喝杯啤酒。

I object to its smell. 我讨厌它的气味。

We objected to leaving in such a hurry.

我们反对这样匆忙地离开。

Do you object to my speaking to him about it?

我去和他谈谈这事, 你有意见吗?

I don't object to the children going with us.

我不反对孩子们和我们一道去。

They objected that the plan was risky.

他们反对说, 这项计划是冒险的。

It may be objected that not enough manpower is available.

有人可能会提出反对, 认为没有足够的人力可用。objection n. 反对,异议,厌恶; 反对的理由

objective n. 目标目的adj. 客观的不带偏见的

11.impact n. 碰撞,冲击; 影响,作用

The computer had made a great impact on modern life.

计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。

A speech that lacked impact. 毫无影响力的演说

a movement back from an impact.

受到撞击后所产生的向后的运动。

impact strength 冲击强度

v. 碰撞,冲击; 影响,作用

These costs will impact on our profitability.

这些费用会影响到我们的利润。

impact the moon 在月球着陆

impact national income 影响国民收入

a meteor that impacted on the moon撞在月球上的一颗流星

12.conservative adj. 保守的守旧的传统的

The professor's a radical in politics but a conservative dresser. 教授在政治上是激进派, 但衣着却很守旧。

The young man is very conservative.这个年轻人很守旧。conservative ideas; conservative thinking ; 保守思想conservative point of view 保守观点

A conservative estimate. 保守的估计

conserve v. 保护, 保藏, 保存;节约,节省

Conserve your energy, you'll need it!

保存你的精力, 你会用得着的!

He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.

他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。

The country starts carrying out new laws to conserve wildlife in the area.该国开始实施新的法令保护这一地区的野生动物。conservation n. 保存保护

conservator n.保护者,(博物馆的)管理员

13.forbid v.禁止, 不准

forbid sth. /doing sth./ sb’s doing

forbid sb. to sth.

I forbid you to call me late at night.

我禁止你在深夜给我打电话

His father forbid him entering into a bingo hall.

他父亲禁止他去宾戈游戏厅。

They forbid any ships to enter the water.

他们禁止任何船舶进入这片水域

We forbid shouting loudly in the office.

我们不允许在办公室大声喧哗。

https://www.doczj.com/doc/a67575043.html,pulsory adj. 必须做的强制性的义务的必修的Which subjects are compulsory in your school?

在你们学校里,哪些课程是必修的?

compulsory service system 义务兵役制

compulsory education 义务教育

The car insurance is compulsory. 这项汽车保险是强制性的。Attendance at the meeting is compulsory.会议是必须参加的。Education is compulsory between the ages of 6 to 15.

6岁至15岁的孩子接受强制性教育。

15.owe v. 1.欠…债; 应当给予

He paid me the ten dollars he owed me.

他已还了欠我的十美元。

You still owe so much debt. 你还欠这么多债。

You owe yourself a holiday. 你应该休息一天。

2.应把…归功于,起因于,起源于

He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life. 他把他身体健康归功于运动和有规律的生活。

I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.

亏得你我才大难不死。

3.感激

He gave me a lot of help. I owed much to him.

他给我许多帮助, 我非常感激他。

16.be bound to 注定一定会

束缚于(bound是bind的过去分词)

She is bound to her family. 她被家庭束缚住了。

He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.

他在事业上一定会成功。

It's bound to work. 保证能行!

The aggressors are bound to be defeated.侵略者一定会被打败

17.assumption n. 假设

A valid assumption. 一个有效的假定

Such assumption arise from some common basis of life.

这样的假定来自于共同生活的基础。

Assumption of an obligation. 承担一项义务

assume v. 假设, 猜想; 假装; 承担, 担任; 采取, 呈现

We can't assume anything in this case.

在这种情况下我们不可能做出假设。

He assumed a look of innocence.

他装出一副天真无邪的样子。

I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.

我错了,我愿为此承担责任。

We assumed a new method.

我们采取了一种新方法。

assume office 就职

assume full responsibility 负完全责任

assume a pose. 摆姿势

assume a new aspect 呈现新的面貌

We assume his guilt . 我们假定他是有罪的。

18.regulation n. 管理控制规章规则

river regulation 河道整治

theory of regulation 调节原理

When will the new regulation come into effect?

新的规章什么时候开始生效?

The regulation has no application to this particular case.

那项规则不适用于这一特定情况。

a general regulation of enrollment 招生简章

Comply with company's management regulation.

遵守公司的各项管理规定

regulate v.控制, 管理; 调整; 调节

19.vain 自负的, 爱慕虚荣的; 徒劳的, 无用的, 无效的She is one of those vain people who never take others' advice. 她属于那种自负得从不听别人劝告的人。

I don't like a vain woman. 我讨厌爱慕虚荣的女人。

He's very vain of his abilities. 他对于自己的能力很自负。He made a vain attempt to reach the drowning child.

他试图接近那个快淹死的小孩, 但没有成功。

All my efforts were vain.我的一切努力都白费了。

It is vain to resist. 抵抗是没用的。

20.adore v. 1.崇拜;热爱;爱慕(某人)

They adored her as a living goddess.

他们把她当作活女神崇拜。

adore gods 崇拜神灵

adore each other 相互爱慕

2.非常喜欢

You will adore this film.

你将十分喜欢这部电影。

She adores visiting museums.

她非常喜欢参观博物馆。

I would adore to settle back homeland.

我非常喜欢回家乡定居。

I adore ice cream. 我非常喜欢冰淇淋。

admire v.赞赏钦佩仰慕; 称赞夸奖

We admire his working so hard. 我们钦佩他工作努力。Don't forget to admire the baby. 不要忘了夸奖那孩子We admire his capacity. 我们羡慕他的工作能力。admire the moon 赏月

Life is beautiful , admire it . 生活是美丽的,赞美它吧。

I greatly admire your honesty. 我非常欣赏你的诚实

Unit3 inventors and inventions

1.patent n. 专利, 专利权; 专利品

The patent runs out in three years' time.这项专利期限为三年。He owned several patents. 他拥有几项专利发明。

adj.专利的;显然,显露;明摆着的

Try some of this new patent medicine.

试试这一种新的专利药品吧。

This was patent nonsense.这明显是胡说八道。

a patent lie.赤裸裸的谎言

v. 获得…专利,给予…专利权;

He patented the idea that the atom could be split...

他获得了“原子可以再分”这一概念的专利权。

The invention has been patented by the university.

那项发明已被那所大学申请了专利。

a patented machine called the VCR II.名为VCR II的专利机器

patent rights 专利权

apply for a patent 申请专利

2.distinguish v. 辨别, 分清; 显扬自己

Can you distinguish the twins apart? 你能分辨这对双胞胎吗? We can distinguish between gold and silver.我们能区分金和银。

He distinguished himself in physics. 他在物理方面享有盛名distinguish oneself in battle 战功卓著

distinguish truth from falsehood 识别真伪

distinguish between truth and falsehood 辨明真伪distinguish good from evil 分别善恶

distinguish between right and wrong 分清曲直distinguished adj. 卓越的;著名的; 高贵的;distinguishing adj. 有区别的

distinguishable adj. 可区别的,可辨别的

3.merciful adj. 仁慈的,宽恕的

a merciful judge 仁慈的法官

merciful treatment 仁慈的待遇

The merciful king saved him from death.宽大的国王免他一死。

mercy n. 宽容, 怜悯, 仁慈; 幸运之事, 恩惠

We do pray you to show mercy. 我们恳求你发发慈悲。

It's a mercy the accident happened so close to the hospital.

幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。

That is a mercy 那真是幸运!

at the mercy of 任由…摆布;在…面前无助

He drifted in an open boat, at the mercy of the elements.

他在一敞篷船中漂泊,任由暴风雨摆布

have mercy on (或upon) 宽恕;对…有怜悯之心

May god have mercy on her soul.

我的上帝,宽恕她的灵魂吧。

throw oneself on someone's mercy 特意恳求(某人)宽恕leave someone/thing to the mercy of

听任…由(可能有危险或危害的形势)摆布

punish without mercy 严惩不贷

plead for/appeal for/beg for mercy 祈求宽恕

show/give mercy to a prisoner 宽恕罪犯

merciless adj. 无情的,残忍的

4.stainless adj. 不锈钢制的; 无污点的,无瑕疵的

I have a set of stainless knives and forks.

我有一套不锈钢刀叉。

a stainless reputation 无瑕的名誉

Before the recent political scandal, her reputation had been stainless. 在最近的政治丑闻之前,她的名声是无懈可击的stainless steel 不锈钢

stain v. (使)染色

Does this material stain easily? 这种料子容易染色吗?

Stain the table before you varnish it.

先给桌子着色, 然后才能上清漆。

He stained the wood brown. 他给木头涂上了褐色。

White clothes stain quickly. 白色衣服会很快弄脏。

His crimes stained the family honor.

他的罪行玷污了家庭的名誉。

5.cube n. 立方形,立方体;立方,三次幂;小房间

The box was cube-shaped. 这个箱子是立方形的。

Cut the meat into cubes. 把肉切成小方块。

The cube of 3 is 27.= 3cubed is 27. 3的立方是27.

A cube of sugar. 一块方糖

A cube has six surfaces. 立方体有六个面。

A cube is a three-dimensional object. 立方体是三维物体。cubic adj. 立方的立方体的

cubic meter 立方米 A cubic foot. 立方英尺

6.convenient adj. 方便的便利的合适的附近的

I have to find a convenient location for the shelves.

我得找一合适的地方放这些书架。

May I come and talk with you whenever it's convenient?

在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗?

Is it convenient for you to go out tonight? 今晚你方便出去吗? It is useful to have a convenient supermarket.

附近有超市实在方便。

at a convenient occasion 顺便

Is Friday convenient for you 星期五对你方便吗?

It is of convenient length. 它的长度合适。

convenience n.方便, 便利; 便利的事物(或设施)

The house has all the modern conveniences.

这栋房屋有各种现代化的设施。

for convenience('s sake ) 为方便起见

a public convenience 公共厕所

suit your own convenience 悉听尊便

Please come at your convenience. 请在你方便的时候前来。

7.expect v. .预料; 期望; 猜想,认为某事会发生; 怀孕

She expects to fail the exam. 她预料无法通过考试。

I expect a storm. 我预计会有一场暴风雨。

We expect writers to produce more and better works.

我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。

I expect (that) you are tired from the trip.

我想你旅途劳顿了吧

I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings...

我确实希望晚上能有些属于自己的时间。

Don't expect me to come and visit you there.

别指望我会去那儿看你。

be expecting (a baby) 怀孕

She was expecting another baby. 她又怀孕了。

I hear Dawn's expecting again.我听说唐又怀孕了。

to be expected 完全正常;自然的

He had a few lines about the eyes, but at forty-seven that was only to be expected. 他两眼周围有一些皱纹,不过四十七岁的人了,这也是正常的。

expectation n. 期待;预期;前程;[数]期望值

He has little expectation of passing the exam.

他对考试及格不抱希望。

His parents have great expectations for his future.

他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。

She was waiting in expectation. 她在期望中等待。

8.recognition n.

She hoped she would avoid recognition by wearing dark glasses

and a hat. 她戴上墨镜和帽子, 希望人们认不出她来。Their recognition of the new law is unlikely.

这项新法律不大可能获得他们的承认

gain the social recognition 值得社会承认

She have changed beyond recognition.

她已经变得认不出来了。

recognize 认出, 认可, 承认,意识到

I recognized Mary by her red hat.

我凭玛丽的红帽子认出了她。

We don't recognized him to be/as the lawful heir.

我们不承认他为合法继承人。

He recognized that he was not qualified for a teacher.

他认识到自己没有资格担任教师。

He has not recognized the seriousness of the present situation. 他还没有意识到目前形势的严重。

The company recognized Mr Brown's outstanding work by promoting him to chief accountant.

公司提升布朗先生为总会计师以表彰他出色的工作。

We must recognize this fact. 要承认这个现实。recognize defeat 承认失败

9.criterion (pl. criteria) 标准; 尺度

What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's

work? 你评定学生功课好坏时用什么作标准?

design criterion 设计标准

criterion of truth 真理标准

lay down a criterion 制定一个标准

This is the first criterion. 这是第一条。

City information must set up criterion system.

城市信息化还必须建立城市信息化标准体系。

What are the criteria for justified wages?

什么是合理的工资标准?

10.claim v. n. 要求; 主张; 索取

His claim to own the house is valid.

他主张对此屋的所有权有效。

You have no claim on my sympathies.

你无权要求得到我的支持。

I claim payment from my friend. 我要求我的朋友付款。They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.

他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。

The flood claimed hundreds of lives.水灾夺走了数百人的生命

Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.

如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西。

11.file v. 提出; 提交;发稿,寄给报社; 把……归档

A secretary can file papers as efficiently as a floppy disk can store them. 秘书归档文件时可以像软盘存储一样高效。They are all filed alphabetically under author.

这些都是按照作者姓名的字母顺序归档的。

A number of them have filed formal complaints against the police.他们中的许多人都对警方提出了正式控告。

n. 文件夹;卷宗

Fran came in holding a blue file.

弗兰拿着一个蓝色的文件夹进来了。

Put this letter in the main file. 将这函件放入文卷总档中。

I can't access the file on your company because I've forgotten the code.

我无法读取贵公司的文件, 因为我把计算机的密码忘了。on file 存档:

We will keep your résumé on file.

我们将把你的简历存入档案

12.identification n. 认出,辨认; 鉴定, 验明; 认同; 身份证明

The identification of rabies virus has saved many lives.

狂犬病病毒的确认挽救了许多人的性命。

Can I see your identification, please?我能看看您的证件吗? His identification with the hero of the book made him sleepless.

对书中主人公的同情使他睡不着

Identification of Cultural Relics 文物鉴定

Students automatic identification management system.

学生到/离校自动识别管理。

identify v. 识别,认出;确定;把……看成一样.

Could you identify your umbrella among a hundred others.

你能从100把雨伞中认出你的那一把吗?

She learned how to identify medicinal herbs from a traditional Chinese doctor. 她向一位中医大夫学习如何识别草药。

I cannot identify the signature. 我无法辨别这个签名。Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects...

警方已经确认了约10名谋杀案疑凶。

Never identify wealth with happiness.

千万不要把财富等同于幸福。

Our tastes do not always identify.

我们的情趣并不总是相同的。

identical adj. 同一的;.完全同样的

ID=identification

identity n.1.身份2.个性, 特性3.同一性, 一致性

He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.

为了躲避警方, 他只好隐瞒身份。

The planners decided to preserve their distinct identities.

设计者们决定保留他们各自的特色。

Please note the identities in the two cases.

请注意这两个案子的相同之处。

13.micro- 微小, 微.

microphone 麦克风

microbiology 微生物学

microcomputer 微型计算机

microchip 微晶片

microfilm 微型胶卷

microscope 显微镜

microwave 微波, 微波炉

microsecond 微秒

14.dive into:

1.头朝下跳入水中

The swimmer dived into the river to save the drowning child.

这位游泳者跳入河里去营救那个溺水的小孩。

2.开始猛吃; 热切地加入或开始做(某事)

Jim dived into the argument as usual without thinking.

吉姆和往常一样不加思考便加入了这场争论。

3.溜进, 闪进(某处)

I was following the man when he dived into a small restaurant and I lost track of him.当我正在跟踪那个人时, 他突然闪进一家小饭馆, 失去了踪影。

4.在…中快速翻找

Diving into her bag, she found a handkerchief just in time.

她迅速地在她的皮包里翻了一下, 正好找到了一块手帕。He dived his hand into his pocket in an attempt to find the key. 他把手伸到口袋里摸, 试图找到那把钥匙。

15.dynamic adj.有活力的,强有力的; 动力的; 动态的

a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人

This is a dynamic world.这是一个不断变化的世界。

There is a dynamic ball in the computer.

在电脑里有个动态的球。

dynamic test 动力试验

Trade Dynamic 行业动态

a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人dynamics n.动力学、力学; 动态

16.multiple adj.多重的;多个的;复杂的;多功能的

He died of multiple injuries. 他死于多处受伤。

He excels in multiple-choice questions. 他擅长做选择题

A person of multiple interests 兴趣广泛的人

multiple personality 多重人格

n.<数>倍数;[电工学]并联;连锁商店;

The number 8 is a multiple of 4. 八是四的倍数。

It made it almost impossible for the smaller retailer to compete against the multiples.

这使得小零售商几乎不可能跟连锁店竞争。

multiply v.

1.乘, (使)相乘

His son is learning to multiply and divide.

他儿子正在学习乘法和除法。

One can make 18 by multiplying 3 and 6 (together).

以3和6相乘可得18。

2.(使)增加

Spending on military equipment has multiplied in the last five years. 过去的五年中军事装备的开支大大增加。

His experience was multiplied as the years passed.

随着岁月的流逝, 他的经验丰富了。

3.(使)繁殖

When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster. 动物在有较多的食物时, 一般繁殖得较快。

Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in milk rapidly.

炎热的天气使牛奶中的细菌迅速繁殖。multiply…by… …乘…

multiply 10 by 4 is 40. 用4乘以10得40 multiplication n. 1.增多;增加;乘;繁殖2.乘法

17.current adj. 现在的, 当前的

They suggested measures to overcome current difficulties.

他们提出了克服目前困难的措施。

This word is no longer in current use.这个字已经不再通用了。.水流, 气流, 电流, 趋势, 倾向

The swimmer was swept away by the current.

那个游泳的人被激流卷走了。

This button switches the current on. 这个电钮接通电流。The adventure changed the whole current of his life.

那场奇遇改变了他人生的方向。

electric current 电流

current address 目前住址

cold/warm current 寒流/暖流

current of materials 物流

current funds; circulating funds 流动资金

18.stable adj. 稳定的; 安定的;稳固的; 稳重的

We need a stable government. 我们需要一个稳定的政府。The fields give high and stable yields regardless of climatic circumstances.

不管气候条件如何, 这块地总是保持高产稳产。

This chair isn't very stable. 这把椅子不大稳固。

I'm glad she has become such a stable character.

我很高兴她变得如此沉稳。

Mentally she's very stable. 她情绪十分稳定

relatively stable 相对稳定

a stable relationship; stable prices.稳定的关系;稳定的价格a stable government 稳固的政权

Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定

stable personality 稳重的个性

n. 畜舍,马厩,牛栏

stability n.稳定(性), 稳固

She lacks emotional stability. 她的情绪不稳定。

The stability of affairs is very serious. 事态非常严重。

19.associate v联系, 联合;结交;参与; 联想

They associate orange with happiness.

人们把橙色和幸福快乐联系在一起。

Never associate with bad companions.

千万不要与坏人为伍。

Don't associate with such people. 勿与此辈来往。

I haven't been associated with the project over the last year.

我去年一直没有参与那个项目。

The press feels the need to associate itself with the green movement. 媒体感到有必要支持绿色运动。

I associate summer with holidays.我把夏季与假日联想在一起

What do you associate with summer对于夏天你有什么联想?

We associate Egypt with Nile .我们想到埃及就联想到尼罗河。

n. 同事;合作人;伙伴

They are my business associate. 他们都是我生意上的同仁You know the new associate C ary?你认识新同事Cary吗? the most creditable cooperation associate.

最值得依赖的合作伙伴.

association n.协会, 社团: 联合, 结合, 交往

20.version 与edition

edition是版本的意思

a new edition of the dictionary 词典的新版本

version强调发生了变化,为译本的意思

These books Chinese versions of Shakespeare.

version 指得是软件升级那个“版本”, 如1.0, 2.0 或者2001, 2002版

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He did a competent job. 他的工作做得相当出色。

He is competent to do it. 他能做这件事。

He is competent for the task 他胜任这项任务。

He is a highly competent teacher. 他是一个十分称职的教师

A competent typist. 能干的打字员

competence n. 能力, 胜任, 本领

We knew her competence in solving problems.

我们都知道她解决问题的能力

Degree and competence don't guarantee success.

程度和能力并不能保证成功。

22.personnet n.人力资源; 人事部; 全体人员

The personnel are not happy to change these rules.

全体工作人员对改变这些规定很不高兴。

Personnel has[have] lost my tax forms.

人事部门把我的税收表格给弄丢了

Her first job was in personnel.她的第一份工作是人事方面的If you need help at work, your Personnel Manager should be able to help.

如果你工作中需要帮助,人事经理应该能帮上忙。

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目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》

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