当前位置:文档之家› 高二上 Unit9

高二上 Unit9

高二上 Unit9
高二上 Unit9

高二上Unit 9 单元目标

语汇精粹单词issue summarize content representative access poverty violence stress equality fairness responsibility prosper willingness harmony wipe alternative defend affect advise

短语Take notes / be all for sb./sth. / If….then… / on earth / be to do sth… / all too / take action / put an end to /

经典句型1.What are the biggest problems facing the earth?

2.Coal is a valuable resource that can be used to produce energy, but it can also cause serious pollution.

3.One of the main themes of the summit was "sustain- able development", or the question how we can

continue developing the world without damaging the environment.

4.Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness

in the world.

语法项目倒装句

Not until……did……

It is not until……that……

名师导学

Warming up, listening, speaking 词语精讲

1.issue vt. 发出,发表,发行,发给

issue vi. 来自,冒出:由……产生的

issue n. 发行;发行物;(书刊的) 期号,版本,发行,分配,问题,争议,结果,流出等,是可数名词

点拨

issue sth to sb/ issue sb with sth 把……发给某人

issue from 从……中流出

at issue 待决定,讨论

①The school issued uniforms to the players. 学校给运动员发运动服

②The stream issued from the bottom of the hill.小溪从山底流出。

③There was no issue at all between us.我们之间毫无争论。

④The point at issue is whether you are willing to go abroad.有待决定的情况是你是否愿意出国。

应用

2. Take notes 做笔记,记录,也可说take a note (of),make notes (of) 或make a note (of)

take note of 注意到

arrange one's notes 整理笔记

compare notes 对笔记;交换意见change one's notes 改变主意

①She took good notes of everything that's said in class.

她把老师讲得全都作了笔记。

②He made a note of how much money you spent on the

trip. 他把你在旅途中花了多少钱作了记录。

③Please take notes of the important while you read

请边读边把重要的事情记下来。

拓展

note用作动词,意为“记下;记录;注意。

①I noted down the lecture. 我记下讲课的内容。

②I noted that he was going to say something. 我注意

到他想说些什么。

应用

3. summarize vt.& vi. 概括,总结

summary n. 摘要,概要,提纲,归纳。

①The situation is perhaps best summarized in two brief sentences as follows.

局势也许可以用下面两句简短的话加以概括。

②It may be summarised in the following outline.

这可以用下面的提纲简短地加以概括。

③I will summarize what I have done and want to do.

我将总结一下我已经做的和将要做的事。

拓展

In summary 概括地说

①In summary, humans have a lot going for them.

总之,人类有很多有利条件。

②In summary, author and speech tell us two stories

of praise and criticism.

归纳一下,作者和演讲者向我们讲述了关于赞美与批评的两个令人压抑的故事。

4. be all for sb./sth. 全力支持某人/某事

点拨

all此处用作副词,意为“完全;全然;都”,其后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等,用来加强语气。

①She sat all alone. 他独自一个人坐着。

②②The old lady gets all confused when she has a lot

of visitors. 来访的客人多了,老太太就会手忙脚乱,不知所措。

③I'm all in favor of your suggestion. 我完全赞成你

的建议。

④He was all wrong. 他完全错了。

⑤The program was an about the danger of smoking. 该

节目的内容全都是关于吸烟的危害性。

介词for此处意为“赞同;支持;同意”,其反义词是against

①I'm all for the young enjoying themselves.我完全赞

同年轻人多玩玩。

②She is an for buying a new car. 她无论如何也要买

部新车。

③Which party did you vote for? 你投票给哪个党?

Are you for his plan 0r against it? 你赞同还是反对他的计划?

5. If….then…如果…那么…

①如果你努力了, 那么有一天你会成功的.

If you work hard, then you will succeed one day.

链接

If then you cannot do even a very little thing, why do you worry about other matters?

这最小的事,你们尚且不能作,为什么还忧虑其馀的事呢。

6.Content. n. 内容/要旨,目录,容量,满意/足

adj. 满足的,满意的,甘愿的, 高兴的。多用作表语,(作表语)不作定语

vt. 使满足(to satisfy, to make …happy)

①I like the style of this book, but I don?t like the content.

我喜欢这本书的文笔,但不喜欢这本书的内容。

②Empty out contents of your purse.

把你钱包里的东西倒空。

③I didn?t understand the content of his speech.

我不了解他演讲的内容。

④An ice cream is enough to content the child.

一块冰淇淋足以让小孩子满足了。

⑤Simple praise is enough to content him. 简单的赞扬足以使他满足。

拓展

in/with content 满意/足地

be content to do sth; be content with sth. =be satisfied with

be (well)content to do sth. =be willing to do=be ready to do sth.

content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人对…满足

①Hearing the news, he smiled with content.

②Don?t be content with small success.不要有点成绩就满足。

③Mary seems content to sit in front of the television all night.玛丽看来乐意在电视前坐一夜。

④John contented himself with one glass of wine.

约翰有杯酒就满足了。

⑤Helen didn’t take part in the disscussion,but contented herself with smoking cigarettes.

海伦没有参与到讨论中来,她一个人很怡然地抽着烟。

句型精析

1. What are the biggest problems facing the earth?

地球面临着的最大问题是什么? (p. 65 Warming Up Ex.1)

现在分词短语facing the earth在句中作定语,相当于定语从句that face the earth. face此处用作及物动词,意为“面向,朝”,作此义也可用作不及物动词,常和介词to,toward或on连用。

如:① She turned to face the newcomer and introduced herself. 她转过身来面对新来者作了自我介绍。

②The building faces the park. 那座建筑物面对着公园。

③The window faces on the street.窗户面对着衔道。

④-- How does this house face? --It faces to the east. -- 这座房屋面朝哪边? -- 朝向东边。

拓展

face还可意为“面对/临(问题或不愉快的情况)”。

如:① Manufacturing industry faces a grim future if the government pursues its present policies. 如果政府继续推行现行政策,制造工业就会面临严酷的未来。

②He couldn't face his boss after marking such a fool of himself at the meeting. 他在会上做出了这样的丑事之后,不敢面对自己的老板。

链接

与face构成的常见短语:

face a person down 以势压人;

face up to 勇敢地对付(敌人、困难等);

be faced with 面临;面对;

face out 大胆地坚持到底;

face to face 面对面;相对;

in a person's face 当着/对着某人的面;

in (the) face of 面对;不顾;

make/ pull a face(faces) 扮鬼脸;

pull/make/put on a long face 拉长脸;显出不高兴的样子;

set/put one's face against强烈反对,抵制;

take on a new face面貌一新;

turn one's face away把脸转过去

注意

face the music不能译为“面对音乐”,其意思是“面对失败,接受批评,承担后果”。如:

He knew he'd never get away with it so he decided to face the music and give himself to the police. 他知道自己已经无法逃脱,所以他决定承担后果并向警察自首。

2.Coal is a valuable resource that can be used to

produce energy, but it can also cause serious pollution. 煤是一种用来生产能量的珍贵资源,但是,它也能引起严重的污染。(p. 66 Speaking …Situation?)

在定语从句that can be used to produce energy中,动词use被用作被动时态,be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做……”。如:

①This old box is used t0 keep books.这个旧箱

子用来装书。

②Every means has been used to prevent

pollution. 我们已利用各种手段来防止污染。

③Coal can be used to keep warm. 煤可用来取

暖。

链接

(1) used to do sth. 指过去常做某事,而现在不再如此,强调今昔对比。

be sth.

(2) get used to

become doing sth.习惯于做某事,适用于各种时态。

(3) be used for sb. 为某人而用/ doing sth. 被用来做某事;as/for sth. 被当成…用

① I don't smoke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟,但我以前是抽的。

②You will soon get used to our way of life. 你将很快习惯于我们的生活方式。

③ The girl is being used as a servant in the house. 这女孩在家里被做佣人使用着。

④ What do you use this tool for? 这个工具用来做什么用的?

Reading

词语精讲

1.on earth (1) 世界上= in the world

(2)用在when, what ,who, where ,how, which和why之后,用来加强语气,意思为“究竟,到底”.

①China is one of the greatest nations on earth.

中国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。

②What on earth do you mean?

你到底是什么意思?

点拨

on the earth 在地球上

in the earth 在地下,在地里

①I'm the luckiest man on earth. 我是世界上最幸运的人。

②China is one of the greatest nations on earth. 中国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。。

③He buried the body of the dog in the earth. 他把那狗的尸体埋在了地下。

④It seems that he is writing his homework.

看上去他好像正在写作业。

链接

on earth用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why之后,用来加强语气,意为“究竟、到底”。如:

①What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思?

②What on earth are you doing? 你到底在干什么?

③Who on earth told you that? 究竟是谁告诉你这件

事的?

④Where on earth has she gone? 她到底去哪儿?

注意

on earth用于否定句中,相当于not…at all,意为“一点儿也不”。

①No force on earth can hold back the wheel of history.

没有什么力量能阻止历史车轮的前进。

②Nothing on earth can prevent me from doing that. 没

有什么能阻止我那样做。

应用

2.representative n. 代表;代理人

adj. typical, consisting of elected deputies 典型的,代表性

①I couldn?t be present myself, but I sent my representative to the meeting.

我本人不能亲自出席,可我派了代表出席会议。

②They are demanding to have a representative of the workers on the board.

他们正在要求董事会设一名工人代表。

③Are your opinions representative of those of the other students?你们的意见代表其他的学生吗?

represent vt. 代表;代表

vi. 代表;提出异议

①This mark represents a village.

这个符号表示村庄。

②His opinion represents that of the majority.

他的意见代表大多数人的意见。

③Flowers represent love, happiness, joy and all the positive affections.

花象征着爱,幸福,欢乐以及所有积极的情感。

拓展

represent for 代表;象征

represent to 向……某人描述

①Ex-6 votes much wins an election to represent for the employee.前6位票数多的当选为员工代表。

②They know their power really being given by the people they represent for;

他们知道权力是他们所代表的人民给予的

③You'll represent to other athletes and to the people of China.

你们将向中国人民和其他国家运动员展现这一价值。3.access n. 接近,进入,通路

access 表示“进入的方法或道路”“能接近”“了解”或“使用”等意思,是不可数名词,后接介词to

①There is no access to the house from the main road.

这条干道没有到那间房子的通道。

②The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.

进入此建筑物的惟一方法是沿着泥泞小路走。

③Students need easy access to books. 学生们需要便于使用图书的机会。

④Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.只有少数人了解这个案件的全部真相。

拓展

access主要用作不可数名词,意为“(向场所等的)接近,进入;接近/利用……的权利/ 机会”,作“通道”讲,也可用作可数名词。常与介词to连用。如:

①It is difficult to gain access to him. 要接近他很难。

②The only means of access to the building is along a

muddy track. 进入这座建筑的惟一通道是一条泥

泞的小路

③All students have access to the library. 所有的学生都可以进入图书馆。

④ She gave me access to her records. 她答应我借用她的唱片。

【注意】access前通常不加冠词。

③All students have access to the library. 所有的学生

都可以进入图书馆。

④She gave me access to her records. 她答应我借用她

的唱片。

4.poverty n. 贫穷,贫困,贫乏,缺乏,低劣,劣质

①She had been worn down by poverty and illness.

她贫病交加,受尽折磨。

②There are thousands of people living in poverty.

有成千上万的人生活在贫困之中。

③There are still too many people living below the poverty line.

生活在贫困线以下的人数仍然很多。④

5. violence n. 暴力,侵犯,猛烈,强烈

Violent adj. 厉害的,猛烈的,暴行的

①Many people say too much violence is shown on television.

②Many people say too much violence is shown on television. 许多人都说电视上出现的暴力镜头太多。

③People in this society are prepared to be violent.

这个社会里的人随时准备使用暴力。

④We have been going through violent changes the past couple of years.

过去几年里我们经历了强烈的变化。

拓展

violent是violence的形容词形式,意为“(人) 粗暴的;猛烈的;激烈的”。如:

① The mad man was violent and had to be locked up. 这个精神病患者很凶暴,不得不把他锁起来。

② She was in a violent temper and began throwing things about. 她大发脾气,乱扔起东西来。

③ I had a violent toothache. 我牙疼得很厉害。

链接

do violence to 对……施暴;歪曲事实

violent with violence 猛烈地

①buildings do violence to the beauty of the old city.

这些现代的盒式建筑破坏了古城的美丽市容。

②Let us dare do violence to this unintelligible Nature, the better to master the art of enjoying her.

让我们用暴力来挑战这难以捉摸的自然,最好是能掌握从中获得快乐的艺术。

③experiments with violence-producing and violent

inhibiting drugs.

用产生以及约束暴力的药物进行的实验。

6.be to do sth…将来时

表示命令,职责,安排,义务,目的,用途,注定等

①You are to be back by 10 o?clock.(命令)

你必须在十点钟之前回来。

② A knife is to cut with.(用途)

刀是拿来割东西用的。

③They are never to meet again.(注定)

他们再也不会见面了。

点拨

“be + 动词不定式”结构在本句中表示“计划、打算(=be going t o)”。

如:

①We are to go to town this afternoon. 下午我们打算

去城里。

②We are to meet again 0n Sunday evening. 我们星期

六晚上再见

③The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.

这条铁路将在国庆节通车。

④The Queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王将明年访

问日本。

拓展

“be + 动词不定式”的常见用法还有:

(1) 表示命令,意为“必须,不得不(= must,have to)”。

如:You are to do your homework before you watch TV.

你得做完了作业才能看电视。

(2) 表示可能性,相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定

句。如:① How am I to know what has become of him?

我怎么知道他的遭遇呢? ② Not a sound was to be heard.

一点声音也不可能听到。

(3) 表示假设。如:Certain skills must be learned if one is

to use English effectively. 如果想要有效地使用英语,某些技巧是必须得学的。

(4) 表示目的。如:This house is to be let or sold. 这房

子出租或出售。

(5) 表示结果。如:He was to blame for not locking the

door. 没有锁门是他的过错。

(6) 表示命运注定,通常用于过去时。如:He came to

power, but he was to pay dearly for it: soon he was assassinated. 他得到了权力,但是却也为此付出了昂贵的代价:不久他就被暗杀了。

(7) 用来征求对方意见。如:What are we to do during the

weekend? 我们周末干什么好呢?

(8) 用于第二人称,有时表示转达别人的指示。如:Here

is a message for you from your head-teacher: you are to go to her office after class. 你的班主任带给你一个口信,要你下课后到她的办公室去。7.all too 太过于,非常+ adj./adv.=much too 此处all too用作副词,意为“太过于”。

①The holiday is all too short.

假期太短了。

②The trip ended all too often. 那次旅行结束得太快了。

③These scenes of violence are all too familiar. 这些暴力场面简直是太熟悉了。

8. stress vt. 强调(说);重读

n. 强调,压力,重力

①She stressed the need for careful speeding of using money. 她强调用钱必须慎重。

②To stress something is to call special attention to it. 强调某事就是唤起人们特别注意它。

③The word “machine” is stressed on its second syllable. “machine”这个单词的第二个音节要重读。

④My parents lay great stress on honesty. 我的父母特别强调要诚实。

⑤He does not like the stress of life in a big city. 他不喜欢大城市生活的紧张。

⑥The limb could not bear up under the stress of heavy snow. 那个大树承受不了大雪的压力。

拓展

stress也可作名词,意为“强调;重视;重要性([U])”或“压力;紧张([U;C])”。

如:

①The teacher laid particular stress on the need for

accuracy.老师特别强调了准确的必要性。

②Some schools lay (put) stress on foreign language

education.某些学校重视外语教育。

③He is under great stress because of his new job. 新工

作使他感到沉重的压力。

链接

stress on对…的强调

①But recent studies have shown that cold temperatures cause stress on the body.

但是近来的研究发现表明低温会在身体上产生压力。

②We should place stress on this problem.

我们应当强调这个问题

③Lay stress on the second syllable of that word.

把重音放在那个词的第二个音节上。

9. Equality n.平等相等

①Liberty, equality. Fraternity?

自由,平等。博爱乎?

②Equality does not guarantee happiness in love.

平等并不能保证爱情一定幸福。

③Women are still struggling for true equality.

妇女仍然在争取与男人真正平等。

拓展

Equal adj. 平等的;相等的;胜任的

vt. 等于;比得上

n. 对手;匹敌;同辈;相等的事物

①They also belong to a less equal society.

他们也生活在一个较不公平的社会。

②Although she never saw full equal rights for women.

虽然她没有看到妇女完全平等的权利。

③The annual cost overruns alone equal the government budgets of many nations.

仅每年费用超支一项,就等于许多国家的政府预算额。

④The level of product sales at which financial revenues equal total costs of production.

盈亏临界点:财务收入和生产总成本正好相等时的产品销售量。

⑤He wrote that an object floating in a liquid is held up by a force equal to the weight of the liquid it replaces.

他写道,一个物体在液体中漂浮是受到一种力的作用,这种力等于这个物体所排开的液体的重量。

链接

is equal to等于

①god is equal to everyone!

神对每个人都是公平的

②The girl is equal to others in ability.

这女孩在能力上与其他人一样。③I do not know a place in the country that is equal to Netherfield.在这个村庄里,我从来没见过一个地方比得上尼日斐花园。

10. fairness 公平反义unfair adj. 公平的,还不

错,浅色的(头发等),清楚的

①Everyone must have a fair share.

人人都应该获得公平的份额。

②His knowledge of French is fair, but ought to be better.

他的法语知识还不错,但应当更好些。

③The weather will be fair tomorrow.

明天天气晴朗。

④All this is fair enough, but it touches only the surface

of the problem.

这一切都说得对,但所触及的只是表面问题。

11. duty 与responsibility 辨析

(1).duty 指“道义上的责任”,比较强调自觉性和作为

一种义务的永恒性,是不可数名词。

Every citizen has the duty of defending his country.

每个公民都有保卫祖国的责任。

We are in duty bound to help the needy.

帮助贫困者,我们义不容辞。

(2) .responsibility 强调“职责”,含有在法律上对后果

负责的意味,是不可数名词。

With so many reports to mislead one, it is hard to say at whose door the responsibility should be laid.

报告多得叫人摸不着头脑,很难说责任该由谁来负。

He refused all responsibility for the mistake. 他对这一错误拒绝承担任何责任。

(3).在指具体“职务、任务”时,两词有时可以通用,这

时它们是可数名词。

Both officers and men have discharged their responsibilities (duties).官兵们都很好地完成了他们的任务。

(加上be responsible for )

12.prosper v.兴旺,成功;健康成长,顺利发展

n. prosperity 发达,兴隆,昌盛,繁荣

adj. prosperous 成功的,兴旺的,繁荣的

①The business is prospering.生意兴隆。

②May the gods prosper our city!

愿神灵保佑我们的城市繁荣昌盛!

③We wish you health, happiness and prosperity. 我们

谨祝你们健康、幸福和繁荣昌盛。

④The increase in the country?s pr osperity was due to the

discovery of oil.

该国经济之日趋繁荣是由于发现了石油的缘故。

⑤His father was a prosperous farmer and coal merchant.

他父亲是一个富裕的农场主和煤商。

13. take action 采取行动注意该短中的action 用

单数,其前不用冠词

①In that situation, you should take immediate action.

在那种情况下,你应立即采取行动。

②I felt it was time for me to take action. 我觉得是我采取行动的时候。

③Why didn?t you take any action to stop pollution? 你们干吗不采取措施制止污染?

辨析

act;action: act指短暂、简单而具体的个别动作,也用于具有某性质的动作。action指时间持续较长、复杂的、多步骤的、抽象的动作。☆在用不可数名词表示总的概念时,多用action,而不用act。

①The young man did another foolish act. 这青年又做

了一件傻事。

②Force is the action of one object on another. 力是一

物体在另一个物体上的作用。

③It was your act and you must accept the

consequences. 那是你的行为,你必须自食其果

④He is a man of action. 他是一位实践家。

14. willingness n. 乐意,愿意

adj. willing乐意的,愿意的adv. willingly乐意的,愿意的

(1)作表语,表示“愿意的,乐意的”,后接不定式,that 从句(从句用should+动词原形)

①He is quite willing to pay what you ask. 他非常愿意按你说的付钱。

②He seems willing to help us. 他好象愿意帮我们。Are you willing that he (should) be allowed to join in?你愿意让他参加吗?

(2)willing 作定语用,表示“积极的,意志坚强的”

①She is a very willing student. 她是一个积极肯干的学生。

15. harmony n. (感情、兴趣,意见等)相符,一致;协调;匀称

①Several incidents damaged this image of racial harmony.

几起事件损坏了种族间和睦相处的形象。

②They sing in harmony.他们唱得和谐而协调。

点拨

in harmony with----agreeing; matching 协调一致,相配

①Her ideas were no longer in harmony with ours. 她同

我们的想法不再一致了。

②My cat and dog never fight —they live together in

perfect harmony. 我养的猫和狗从来不打架-它们相处非常和睦。

③I had nothing in harmony with Mrs. Reed or the children, or her chosen vassalage. 我跟里德太太、她的女儿,以及她的仆人,根本都不融洽。

④His tastes are in harmony with mine. 他的品味与我的相同。

拓展

be out of harmony with意为“与…不相称,不调和;与…不融洽,不和睦”

①The music is out of harmony with his tastes. 这音乐不和他的趣味。

16. put an end to结束,终止或废止某事物

① I'm determined to put an end to all these rumours. 我决心要制止所有的这些谣言。

③They should put an end to that ridiculous war. 他们

应该终止那场荒谬的战争了。

链接

与end构成的常见搭配:

bring…to an end 使…终止

come to an end 完毕,结束

make an end of 把…终止

make(both)ends meet 量人为出

draw to an end 结束;完成

keep one's end up 精神饱满地对待gain

achieve one's end 达到目的

meet one's end 送命

at the end of 在末尾;结束

by the end of 到…末

in the end 终于,归根到底

on end 竖着;连续地

17. wipe vt. 擦,擦干

点拨

wipe away 擦掉

wipe off 把…从…擦掉,擦掉

wipe over擦一遍

wipe out擦干净,消灭。

①She wiped her face and neck with a towel.她用毛巾

擦脸和颈。

②She wiped away the sweat from her brow with the

back of her hand.她用手背将额头上的汗擦掉。

③She wiped the marks off the table. 她把桌子上的污

垢擦掉。

④Here?s a brush to wipe off the mud before you come

into the house.你进屋前用刷子把泥土刷掉。

⑤We always wipe the bottles out before returning them

to the milkman.

我们把奶瓶送给奶员之前总是擦干净。

⑤Make sure the table-top is wiped over before you put

the cloth on.把桌布铺上桌面前务必把桌面擦一遍。

拓展

wipe off 意为“擦去;(把债等)偿还;消灭掉”

wipe away 意为“擦去”。

如:

①It will be wiped off the earth. 它将从地球上被消灭

掉。

②The rain then falling wiped away all the footprints.

当时下着雨,把所有的足迹都冲洗掉了。

③He wiped his tears away (from his face).他擦掉眼

泪。

句型精析

1. One of the main themes of the summit was "sustain- able development", or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. 这次峰会的其中一个主要议题就是“持续性发展”,或者是不破坏环境我们如何继续推动世界发展的问题。(p.67 Reading 第一段倒数第4行) without后接动名词,表示“没做某事……”。

如:

①He managed to open the box without showing us

what was in it. 他设法把箱子打开了,却没让我们看见里面装的是什么。

②②He rubbed his hands all the time as if he was

washing them, and smiled without stopping. 他一直在搓着手,好像是在洗手,并且不停地笑着。

③③For three days Tom worked without (taking) any

rest.汤姆不停息地干了三天。

注意

not/never...without (doing) sth. 是双重否定结构,意为“无…不,必定”,用来加强语气。

如:

①The two can never talk without smiling. 他俩谈话没

有不笑的时候。

②He can't take his meal without wine. 他每餐必喝酒。③

辨析with no;without

* with no表示没有的东西,是该人或该事物的特点。* without表示没有的东西,是指在正常情况下缺少的东西。

① He's a person with no sense of humour.他是一位无幽默感的人。

②Without water we can't live. 没有水我们就不能生存。

2. Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 在发言者中有当时的中国总理朱镕基,他强调了世界范围内平等和公正的必要性。(p.68 Reading 第二段第5行)

1)本句中的主句部分用了倒装语序,其陈述语序是China's then Premier Zhu Rongi was among the speakers. 英语中,有时为了使句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,可将表语部分提前构成倒将语序。

如:

①Present at the meeting were Professor Huang and many other guests. 出席会议的有黄教授和许多其他客人。

② Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 他们任意摆布中国人的日子已经一去不复返了。③ Among the goods are Christmas trees, candles and toys. 在这些物品中有圣诞树、蜡烛和玩具。

2) stress在此用作及物动词,意为“着重;强调”,也可作“重读”讲。

如:

① He stressed the need for careful spending if they were not to find themselves without enough money. 他强调说,他们如果不想使自己缺钱花,就有必要仔细规划各项开支。

② He stressed the importance of cooperation. 他强调合作的重要性。

③ She stressed that we should always be honest. 他力言我们应当诚实

④The word “machine” is str essed on its second syllable. “machine”这个单词的第二个音节要重读。

3. A better understanding of the environment is necess- ary, as is the willingness to act. 更好地了解环境是必要的,这是心甘情愿的行动。(p.68 Reading 第五段第2行)

as在此用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代主句的整个概念,可置于句首、句中或句末,含有“正如……的”之意。

如:

① As we know,more than seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. 我们知道,百分之七十以上的地球表面被水所覆盖。

②This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date. 众所周知,这种计算机现在已经过时了。

④Yesterday Mr.Green quarrelled with his wife, as

seldom happened. 昨天格林先生同妻子吵了架,他们是很少吵架的。

辨析

as;which: 两者都可引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句或主句的一部分内容,有时可以互换,但as位置灵活,which只能置于主句之后;as常用于as has been said,as is well-known,as often happens,as may be imagined,as we know,as we can see,as we expect 等结构中,而which不能;但当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语类似是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不用as。

①Abraham Lincoln was shot at a theatre in Washington,

which made the American people very sad. 亚伯拉罕·林肯在华盛顿一家剧院遭到枪杀,这使美国人民非常悲痛。

②He was strongly against the idea, as would be

expected. 正如可预料的那样,他强烈反对这个意见。

③He made the same mistake, which made the teacher

very angry. 他又犯了同样的错误,这使得老师非常生气。

④His son turned thief, which surprised everyone in the

village. 他的儿子当了贼,村里的人都感到惊奇。拓展

as也可用来引导限制性定语从句,主要与the same,

such等连用。

如:

①Let children read such books as will make them better

and wiser. 让孩子们读那种会使他们变得更好更聪明的书籍。

②What is learned in books cannot have the same deep

effect on a child's character as what is learned by experience. 书本上学来的东西对孩子品质的影响,不可能和亲自体验中学来的东西的影响一样深刻。

Language study, Integrating skills 词语精讲

1. that adv. 那么;那样(相当于so)

①He is in poor health and can?t walk that far.

他身体不好,不能走那么远。

②Is your problem that complicated?

你的问题有那么复杂吗?

应用汉译英:

1)I really can?t work the problem out. I don?t think I am _________clever.

A. that

B. much

C. many

D. too

2.come up with想出;找出;赶上;追上

①He can always come up with good ideas.

他总是能想出好主意。

②He couldn?t come up with an answer when our teacher asked him why he was late.

当我们老师问他为什么迟到时,他答不上来。

③He has to study hard to come up with his classmates.

为了赶上同学,他不得不努力学习。

应用单项选择:

1) I hope you can __________ a better plan than his.

A. come up

B. come up with

C. rise up

D. provided with

相关主题
相关文档 最新文档