初中英语语法名词专项习题
1.名词复数变化
( ) 1 、She was very happy. She ____ in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake
B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes
D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
( ) 3、 _____are____for cutting things.
A.Knife/used
B. Knives/used
C. Knife/using
D. Knives/using
B.( ) 4、 What big____ the tiger has!
C.A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths
D. toothes
( ) 5 、Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs
B. leaves
C. leaf
D. leave
( ) 6 、-Can we have some ___? -Yes, please.
A. banana
B. oranges
C.apple
D. pear
( ) 7 、On the table there are five____.
A.tomatos
B. piece of tomatoes
C. tomatoes
D. tomato
2不可数名词
( ) 1、 They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas
B. photos
C. information
D. stories
( ) 2、 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A.some advices
B. some advice
C. an advice
D. a advice
( ) 3 、When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A.some news
B. a news
C. the news P. news
B.( ) 4、 What___ lovely weather it is!
C.A. / B. the C. an
D. a
3 名词单复数
( ) 1 、-Would you like___tea?
-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any, bottles of orange
B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of o ranges
D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 2 、He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads
B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread
D. two pieces of breads
( ) 3、 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes
B. hour
C. long time
D. some time
( ) 4、 I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk
B. two glass of milk
C. two glasses of milks
D. two glass of milks
( ) 5 、Can you give me ____?
A. a tea
B. some cup of tea
C. a cup tea
D. a cup of tea
( ) 6、 Please give me ___ paper.
A.one
B. a piece
C. a
D. a piece of
( ) 7、 John bought___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes
B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes
D. two pairs shoes
4 名词复数变化
( ) 1、 -How many ____ have you got on your farm? -I've got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 2、 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A.Germans
B. Germen
C. Germany
D. Germanies
( ) 3 、In the picture there are many____ and two.
A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs
( ) 4 、A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A.Hungarian
B. Australian
C. Japanese
D. American
5.( ) 1、 This table is made of___.
A.many glass
B. glasses
C. some glasses
D. glass
( ) 2、 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. ! A.chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken
( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room
B. a room
C. rooms
D. the room
6.( ) 1、 Tables are made of___.
A. wood
B. some woods
C. wooden
D. woods
( ) 2 、I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A.people
B. peoples
C. the people
D. the peoples
( ) 3、I have read____ of the young writer.
B. A. works B. work
C. this works
D. the works
7．( ) 1、 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park
B. the Peoples' Park
C. the People Park
D. People's Park
( ) 2、 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a
B. We; the
C. The; the
D. The; a
( ) 3、 How many ___ were there in the street when the accident happen ed? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples
8．( ) 1、 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.
A. set
B. one
C. piece
D. pair
( ) 2、 Last week I bought a TV____.
A. pair .
B. set
C. piece
D. block
( ) 3 、There is a ____of wood left on the ground.
A.cup
B. piece
C. box
D. pair
9.( ) 1、 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher
B. women teachers
C. woman teachers
D. women teacher
( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor
B. women doctors
C. woman doctors
D. woman doctor
10.( ) 1 、They write most of their___ in English.
A. business letter
B. business letters
C. businesses
D. businesses letters ( ) 2 、We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop
B. watches shop
C. watching shop
D. watchs shop
( ) 3、 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.
A. food shop
B. book shop
C. fruit shop
D. vegetable shop
( ) 4、 She broke a___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine
B. glass for wine
C. glass wine
D. wine glass
( ) 5、 I've forgotten both of the____.
A.room numbers .
B. rooms number
C. rooms numbers
D. room number
11. ( )1、September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day
B. Teachers'Day
C. Teacher Day
D. Teachers Day
( ) 2 、-Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.
A. the teacher's; my
B. teacher's; mine
C. teacher's; me
D. the teacher's; mine
( ) 3、 Excuse me, where is the___?
A.men's room
B. mens' room
C. men's rooms
D. men rooms
12 名词所有格
( ) 1、 The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy
B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy
D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 2 、This is my____dictionary.
A. sister Mary
B. sister's
C. sister, Mary's
D. sister's Mary's
( ) 3、 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor
B. the tailor
C. a tailors
D. the tailors'
( ) 4、 Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister
B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister
D. Mary's and Jack's sister
13.( ) 1、 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year
B. years'
C. year's
D. years
( ) 2 、It's about ___ walk from my house.
A.ten minute
B. ten minutes'
C. ten minute's
D. ten minutes
( ) 3….The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____. A. thirty mi nutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk
D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 4 、Half___ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world
B. world
C. the world's
D. world's
14.( ) 1、 ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room
B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows
D. The windows in room
( ) 2、 Please take two___.
A. picture of the park
B. pictures of the park
C. the pictures of a park
D. picture of a park
( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house
B. a roof of the house
C. roof of the house
D. this roof of house
15.( ) 1、 Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary
D. Mary mothers
( ) 2、 This is a book of ___.
A. Tom
B. Tom's
C. her
D. him
( ) 3 、The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father
B. a friend of my father's
C. my father friend
D. my father friend's
16.( ) 1、 Sydney is a city of___.
A. America
B. Germany
C. Australia
D. Japan
( ) 2、 My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars
B. flowers
C. peasants
D. presents
( ) 3 、In England, the last name is the ___.
A.full name
B. family name
C. middle name
D. given name
( ) 4、 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop
B. school
C. factory
D. hospital
17.( ) 1 …My father is a____. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher
B. doctor
C. farmer
D. soldier
( ) 2、 -Which animal lives only in China? -The____.
A. tiger
B. monkey
C. panda
D. elephant
( ) 3、 April come before___and after___.
A. March; May
B. May; March
C. June; May
D. March; February ( ) 4 、Which of the following is right?
A. China has a large population.
B. China has much population.
C. China has many populations.
D. China has a great deal of population. ( ) 5、 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold. A. i nto pieces B. in half C. on halves D. to half
( ) 6 …You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another__ __? A. one B. game C. programme D. piece
参考答案：
1-7 CC B B B B C 2. 1-4 C B C A 3. 1-7 B C D A D D A
4. 1-4 B A A C
5. 1-3 D A A
6. 1-3 A A D
7. 1-3 A D C
8. 1-3 D B B
9. 1-3 B D B10. 1-5 B A C D A11. 1-3 B D A 12. 1-4 D C C B13. 1-4 B B C C 14. 1-3 B B A
15. 1-3 A B B16. 1-4 C D B B17. 1-6 B C B A B
一、选择题 1．—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly. A．some advices B．any advices C．some advice D．advices 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’3．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 6．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jerry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 7．—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join? —He can join the ______ club. A．sport B．music C．sports D．swimming 8．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 9．Here_______some of the results. Most students think_______are cheaper than cars. A．is; the bike B．are; bikes C．are; the bike D．is; bikes 10．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 11．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.
名词所有格说明所属问题，表示某物归谁所有，共三种形式： ①-’s所有格 ②of 所有格 ③双重所有格（-’s + of 所有格共同存在） -’s所有格 -’s所有格的构成 ①一般单数名词和不以s 结尾的复数名词，以及复合词，在词尾+ ’s Eg: Amy’s book a women’s hospital 一家妇科医院 his father-in-law’s birthday ②以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾直接+ ’ Eg: my friend’s balls teacher s’ office ③以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词，可+’s 或’ Eg: the boss’s/ boss’ coffee charles’s/charles’ choice -’s所有格的用法 ①表示有生命的人或动物、时间、节日等名词的所有关系 Eg: my father’s tea live a dog’s life two day s’ absence April Fool’s day ②名词有同位语时，所有格用于同位语上 Eg: This is his friend, Tom’s storybook. ③由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有，最后一词用所有格；表示各自拥有时，每个名词都用所有格。 Eg: Tom and Jerry’s house 汤姆和杰瑞的房子 Tom’s and Jerry’s houses 汤姆和杰瑞各自的房子
of 所有格的构成及用法 of + 名词，表示无生命事物的名词或有较多修饰语的名词的所有关系。 Eg：the top of the mountain the advice of the old experienced man 注意-’s所有格和of 所有格有时都可以使用 Eg: China’s economy = the economy of China today’s weather = the weather of today his father’s death = the death of his father (表示某人的遭遇时，更常用of的所有格) 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成 of + 名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词。 双重所有格的用法： ①表示特定人的不特定的所有关系。 Eg: a novel of Dicken’s 狄更斯(特定人)的一本小说（不特定关系） a book of mine 我(特定人)的一本书（不特定关系） ②表达特殊的情感 有时双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有赞许，厌恶，不满的感情的色彩。 Eg：That old watch of my father’s gains a lot every day. 我父亲的那块旧表每天都会快很多。 注意： A friend of my father 我父亲的朋友（强调朋友关系） A friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友（强调许多朋友中的一个） A photo of my brother 我哥（本人）的一张照片 A photo of my brother’s 我哥（拥有）的一张照片
英语语法名词归纳总结 一、单项选择名词 1．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。 2．Violent programs on television may have a bad on children. A．injury B．pressure C．impression D．influence 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对------有影响”。故选D。 3．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. trend趋势；D. challenge 挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。 4．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth． A．response B．offence C．commitment D．reaction
专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中
词法大全（一）-- 名词 Contents 可数名词 不可数名词 名词所有格
名词 概念：表示人、物品、地点、情感、抽象概念等名称的词 分类： 普通名词pen teacher water 专有名词Beijing China July Sunday the Sun 可数名词apple teacher boy car 抽象名词advice information news price happiness 不可数名词液体water milk tea coffee juice 材料metal glass wood paper meat bread rice 可数名词变复数 一般加s 二般以s, x, ch, sh 结尾，加es 三般以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y 为i 再加es 四般以f/fe 结尾，变f/fe 为v 再加es. 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife knife wolf thief shelf self life half leaf 以O 结尾事真多 英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果 hero es potato es tomato es mango es 特殊变化要注意 man woman child mouse policeman men women children mice policemen 特中之特，单复同形 fish deer sheep fish deer sheep 合成复数有玄机 lemon tree toy shop computer game lemon trees toy shops computer games man doctor woman teacher men doctor s women teacher s
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
英语语法之名词 一、含义：用来表示人或事物名称的词。 二、分类： 1.专有名词：表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名称。 Beijing 北京Tom 汤姆 2.普通名词：是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象的名称。 ①可数名词：这类名词有单数和复数形式。 A:个体名词：个别人或事物的名称。friend 朋友 B:集体名词：若干人或事物的名称。family 家庭 ②不可数名词：表示不能用数来计算的事物的名词。 A：物质名词：表示物质或材料的名称的词。water 水 B：抽象名词：表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象名词。 friendship 友谊 三、考点： 1.可数名词的数（可数名词变复数的规则）： ①一般情况下在词尾“+s”. car---cars bike---bikes ②以“s”“x”“ch”“sh”结尾的名词在词尾“+es”. bus--buses box --boxes beach--beaches dish--dishes ③以“辅音+y”结尾的名词，“y→i+es”. party ---- parties 以“元音+y”结尾的名词，直接加s. boy--boys toy--toys ④以“f\fe”结尾的名词，“fe\f→ves” wife--wives knife--knives 口诀： 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发的慌。 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 ⑤单复数同形的单词有：Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep
口诀：中日人民爱护鱼鹿羊。 ⑥某国人变复数： Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen German Germans American Americans Australian Australians 口诀：中日不变英法变，其余后面加s. ⑦以o结尾的单词，加es的常见的只有5个： Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango 口诀：黑人、英雄、爱吃土豆、西红柿、芒果⑧变化单次内部元音字母 man men woman women policeman policemen Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen foot feet tooth teeth goose geese ⑨特殊变化的有： child children this these that those she\he\it they am\is are I we you you
一、 名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词 当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。 集体名词 专有名词 不可数名词 物质名词 抽象名词 二、 名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。 三、 名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）
一、选择题 1．I to be popular in school, but now I get attention everywhere I go. A．wasn’t used; many B．didn’t use; tons of C．used not; many 2．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 3．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my father and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 4．Those _________ plans for the holiday sound great. How about ________? A．girl’s ; yours B．girls’; you C．girls ; your D．girls’; yours 5．My mother often________when she was a young girl. A．keep diaries B．keep diary C．kept diaries D．kept diary 6．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 7．Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are! A．is having B．are having C．have D．has 8．Peter would like a bowl of ________noodles. A．tomato and egg B．tomato and eggs C．tomatoes and eggs D．tomatoes and egg 9．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 10．Thanks for the two _______________you gave（给）to me. A．tape player B．tapes players C．tape players D．taper players 11．—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly. A．some advices B．any advices C．some advice D．advices 12．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of 13．I share my room ______ a friend of _________. A．to, me B．with, mine C．with, me D．from, mine
【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解 （一）名词概述 名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中，主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分，以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外，名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是区分's和 of的用法。 （二）基础知识梳理 1. 名词复数形式的构成 1）规则变化 （1）一般名词后面加s。如：month-months，bird-birds。 （2）以s，ss，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，后面加es。如：bus-buses，boss-bosses，box-boxes，match-matches，brush-brushes。 （3）以o结尾的名词，有的加es，如：patato-patatoes，mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes；有的加s，如：radio-radios，zoo-zoos，piano-pianos。 （4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。如：factory-factories，city-cities。以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s，如：toy-toys，day-days。 （5）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再加es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves（例外：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs），scarf-scarfs或scarves。 2）不规则变化 （1）改元音字母，构成复数。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，fisherman-fishermen，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice（例外：German-Germans，walkman-walkmans,human-humans）。 （2）单复数形式一样。如：sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，deer-deer，fish-fish。 （3）词尾变化。如：child-children。 （4）只有复数形式，无单数形式的名词。如;clothes，trousers，glasses，shoes。 （5）以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，要采用双复数形式。如：man tourist-men tourists，woman teacher-womenteachers。
导学案
【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语 有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。 他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。 这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。 【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验
弃我去者，昨日之日不可留 乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧 英语语法详解：名词修饰名词 现代英语的特色之一，是力求以简单的结构，表达复杂的思维。以名词作修饰语，简称“名词定语”（attributive nouns），便是朝向这目标的手段之一。 所谓名词修饰名词，就是以名词直接修饰另一名词，其作用和形容词相似。例如： Science students; the Clinton Administration; dinner-time; oil industry; Christmas party 等。 下列是名词作修饰语时的语法功能： ⒈代替形容词（或形容词短语）或分词（或分词短语），如： ● country life→rural life ● China-U.S. relations→Sino-American relations ● a launch pad→a launching pad ● cube sugar→sugar formed in the shape of a cube. ⒉代替名词所有格，如： ● good rapport between consumer and producer countries →good rapport between consumers' and producers' countries. ● a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN commodity imports→ a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN's commodity imports. ⒊代替介词短语，如：
● a tool box→a box for tools. ● a television programme→ a programme on television. ● apple seeds →the seeds of an apple. ⒋代替同位语、形容词分句或不定式动词短语，如： ● his bank manager son→his son,（who is） a bank manager. ● an ASEAN joint conference report→a report to be jointly made by ASEAN （members）. 上述四种情况是名词修饰名词的常见现象。这情形在报章上出现得更频繁。 最后有一点要注意的是，名词作修饰语时，与同词根的形容词或分词作修饰语，有什么语意上的差别呢？不同在于前者强调内容或职能；后者侧重属性和特征。试比较下面三组句子，以观察其不同： a. labour intensity（劳工密集） b. labouring people（劳动的人民） a. a space rocket（宇宙火箭） b. a spacious room（宽敞的房间） a. an art gallery（艺术馆） b. artistic effects（艺术的效果） a. a history department（历史系） b. a historic relic（历史遗迹） a. riot police（防暴警察） b. riotous police（闹事的／暴动的警察） 名词可以作定语修饰名词，作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。 ⒈材料 a diamond necklace a bamboo pole paper money