高中英语语法网络图
一．名词
纵观高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的复数形式；不可数名词的辨认；抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词；名词作定语；双重所有格；名词前多个形容词排列。
名词可数与不可数及修饰词：
常考的抽象名词有：advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word), money
注意：another不能修饰不可数名词，可说another book，不可说another news。
1. 规则名词的复数形式：
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed
四几个容易误用的名词的单复数：
1. 单复数相同：sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works
2. 只有复数：cattle, people
3. 常以复数形式出现：trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains（遗物）, contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations（准备）, tears, repairs, regards, games（运动会）
4. 以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数：
politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Nations
五、几组易错名词的用法：
1. many a + 单数名词= many + 复数名词
2. 集合名词：family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party
作主语时，若看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；若表示组成分子，则用复数。
e.g. The police are on duty at the street corner.
My family is / are going to have a long journey.
3. population:
1）作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词，谓语用单数。
2）问“多少人口”时，不说how many或how much，而用what。
3）在谈到“人口比……多”时，常用large，great；“人口少”时，常用small，而不用much，many或little。
4）当谈及“有人口”时，习惯上用have a population of…。
5）当“百分数/分数+ of the population”作主语时，谓语用复数。
6）表示某个地区人口时，其前应有定冠词。
7）population不能与people连用。
e.g. The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.
The city has a population of the million.
六、表示“许多”的词组：
1. 代替many，修饰可数名词的有：a great number of, a large number of, a good number of, a great many, many a
2. 代替much，修饰不可数名词的有：a great deal of
3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / great / good quantity of, large quantities of
e.g. The teacher gave us a large number of examples.
七、用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示其全家人或夫妇两人：the Smiths
八、名词的双重所有格的用法：
1. 只能用于指人的名词 a friend of my sister’s
2. 前一名词必须泛指或有this，that，those，another，some，every，several，such，any，which，what修饰或限制，或前面有数词。
九、名词前多个形容词的排列顺序：
描绘性+大小/新旧/年龄/温度/形式+颜色/形状+起源/出处+材料/目的分类
e.g. a pretty little American girl an old stone bridge
a small round pine table the dirty old green coat
十、名词用来作定语，修饰名词：
有生命的多用’s或s’的所有格，无生命的多用of短语。
一个名词直接做定语修饰另一个名词，往往属于固定的搭配。
telephone number, school education, air pollution, research work,
bus driver, coffee cup, sports meet, village people
十一、表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义，这一类抽象名词已完全名词化变为可数名词：
1. in surprise / a surprise
2. with pleasure / a pleasure
3. have pity on sb. / It’s a pity. ( What a pity.)
4. a man with experience / an experience
5. light（光）/ a light（灯）
6. have difficulty in doing sth. / meet with many difficulties
7. failure ( success )
8. danger（危险）/ a danger（危险物）
十二、常用名词辨异：
1. accident / incident:
accident常指不幸的，预料不到的，突发性的意外事件，如灾祸、灾难等；还常与by连用，by accident 偶然
类似: come across, happen to do, chance to do, by chance
e.g. He had met with an accident on the way. This is why he was late for the meeting.
incident指不重要的小事或引起公众注意的事件；也指事变、战争等。
e.g. My father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school.
2. affair / business / matter
affair的单数形式作“事情、事件”解，复数形式作“事务、业务”解，用指国内、国际的事务。
business作“生意”“行业”，没有复数形式。
matter作“事情、东西、问题”解，通常指必须考虑和处理的事情。
另外：1）the matter麻烦事
2）v. 主要用于否定句、疑问句，表示“要紧，有重大关系”
3）no matter …, as a matter of fact
4）matter 物质
3. clothes / cloth / clothing / dress
clothes统指衣服，不能与数词连用，但可以说many（a few，those，my）clothes，
说“一套衣服”可以表达为“a suit of clothes”，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
cloth指做衣服的衣料，是不可数名词，但用于特殊用途的布，如“台布”“抹布”等是可数名词，复数形式为clothes。clothing指衣服、服装的总称，是集合名词，没有复数形式。
一件衣服a piece of clothing / an article of clothing，不能说a suit of clothing
dress指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合的衣服，可数名词。
4. fun / joke
fun和joke都有“开玩笑”的意思，fun是不可数名词，而joke可用做动词，表示“开玩笑”，而fun不能用作动词。同某人开玩笑：make fun of, play a joke / jokes on sb. make a joke / jokes about sb. / sth.
5. e moment (that)… / for the moment
in a moment“一会儿后”，指从现在往后的一段时间，也可指“很短的一段时间内”。
after a moment“一会儿后”，用于过去或将来的某时起往后一段时间。
for a moment作一段时间解时，指“很短暂的一整段时间”。
at the moment“当时”“目前”（= at this moment, then）
the moment that表示“一……就……”for the moment暂时、目前
6. pay / wage / salary
pay是不可数名词，是个常用词，可替代其他两个词。
salary是可数名词、不可数名词，按月、季或年发给的工资，一般指脑力劳动者的工资。wage（常用复数），一般指体力劳动者的工资，按日或星期来计算的。
7. strength / force / energy / power
strength常指固有的潜在力量，指人时，着重力气。
force主要指自然界的力量，如暴力、势力、军事力量等。
energy主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”
power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。
十三、Repeat:
1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.
2. Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent there to keep order.
3. W e have worked out the plan and now put it into practice.
4. He is going camping with two other little boys.
5. W e’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.
6. He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.
7. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a message.
8. Y ou’ll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.
练习
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs
B. roofs, leaves
C. rooves, leafs
D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctors
C. woman doctor
D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos
B. potatos, tomatoes
C. potatoes, tomatos
D. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s
5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chi cks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so
B. such
C. so as
D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
9. W e know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound
B. sounds
C. the sounds
D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows
B. cows, cattle
C. cattles, cows
D. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.
A. have gathered
B. has gathered
C. is
D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal
B. amount
C. number
D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Many
B. A great many
C. A great deal of
D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand
B. a hand
C. hands
D. the hands
15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a
B. high price
C. a high price
D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space de velops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s
18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao W ang’s B. W ang’s home C. the W angs D. home of W ang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper
B. newspaper today
C. newspaper of today
D. today’s newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary
B. Julia and Mary’s
C. Julia’s and Mary’s
D. Julia’s and Mary
23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone’s
B. anyone else
C. anyone’s else’s
D. anyone else’s
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand
B. sands, sands
C. sand, sands
D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. W e have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information
B. news
C. message
D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth
B. clothe
C. clothes
D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened
B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place
D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating
B. ways
C. knocking
D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public
B. People
C. W omen
D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official
B. official, office
C. officer, office
D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character
B. characters, characters
C. character, characters
D. characters, character
35. W e visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days
B. each other day
C. every other day
D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two
B. a day or two
C. one day or two
D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation
B. Translate
C. The translation
D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation
B. Translate
C. The translation
D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks
B. seems
C. is
D. are
43. ―Where ____ my trousers?‖ the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits
B. in nice spirit
C. in high spirits
D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese
B. Japaneses
C. of Japanese
D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice
B. advice
C. advices
D. the advices
47. W e are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German
C. Englishmans, Germans
D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass
B. Glasses, glass
C. The glass, the glass
D. Glasses, glasses
49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes
B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth
D. Lots of clothes
二．冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
1. 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。
2. 在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。
3. 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。
4. 用在某些固定词组中。
e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事实上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of（一件），a total of（总共），an average of（平均），one by one，one after another，one day
用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。
a coffee, a heavy rain
5. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。
He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.
6. 用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。
He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.
7. 表示“同一个”的意思。
The two boys are of an age.
These umbrellas are of a (=the same) colour and size.
8. 不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词
so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book
9 在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。
固定搭配。
in debt，in good (bad) health，in good condition，in great demand，in great need of，in time of danger，in office（就职），in honour of，in trouble (difficulty)，in favour of，with anger，in general，in size，in character（在性格上），in sight，in (out of) order，on business，on holiday，on leave，on watch，on fire，heart and soul，knife and fork，at sea，husband and wife，brother and sister，from morning till night，on horseback
五、特殊情况
1. 部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前
无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。
out of problem（不成问题），out of the problem（不可能），take place，take the place of，in hospital，in the hospital，at table，at the table，in front of，in the front of，three of us，the three of us，on earth，on the earth，of age（成年），of an age（同岁数），lose colour（脸色苍白），lose the colour（褪色），
2. 有些词组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a ，意义不同。
a number of the number of
3. 注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。比较such。
练习：做一轮配套练习
三．代词：
1. 代替指示代词this或that
2. 用作人称代词
3. 表示时间、天气、距离等
4. 引导词，在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语
1) It seems that …≯Sb. seems to do / to be doing / to have done
2) It appears that …≯Sb. appears to do / to be doing / to have done
3) It happens that …≯Sb. happens to do / to be doing / to have done
4) It is no use / useless / no good doing sth.
5) It is said / reported / believed that …
6) It has been proved that …事实证明……
7) It is + adj. + for sb. / of sb. to do sth.
8) It is a pity that …
9) It is certain that …
10) It is time ( that ) …（虚拟语气）
11) It is necessary that …（虚拟语气）
12) Sb. + v. + it + n. / adj. + to do sth. / doing sth. / that…
feel it an honour to do…
make it clear to sb. to do
find it no use doing
13) It is / was + 被强调的部分+ that / who …
14) It was ( not ) / will ( not ) long ( hours ) before …
15) It is not until …that …≯Not until …
16) It takes sb. some time to do sth.
二、反身代词：
come to oneself（苏醒）/ be not oneself（身体不舒服）
congratulate oneself on（暗自庆幸）
enjoy oneself
express oneself（表达）
devote oneself to（致力于）
dress oneself（穿衣）
find oneself（发觉自己在）
help oneself to（随便吃）
hide oneself（躲藏）
keep sth. to oneself（保守秘密）
make oneself at home（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样）
make oneself + p.p.
seat oneself
三、替代词so的用法：
1. So do I. 后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。
2. So I do. 重复前面的内容，同一个主语。
3. I do so. 指代前面的内容。
4. So it is with…如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。
5. 常用结构：
I’m afraid so. ≯I’m afraid not.
I think so. ≯I don’t think so.
I believe so. ≯I believe not.
I hope so. ≯I hope not.
I suppose / fear / imagine so. ≯I suppose / fear / imagine not.
I have been told so.
四、such与so的不同用法：
1. such置于冠词之前，但常用在some / any / every / many / all / no之后。
such an interesting book ≯so interesting a book
no such thing / one such animal
2. such + adj. +不可数名词/名词的复数形式
3. so many / few / much / little +可数/不可数名词
so many people / so little money / such a little girl
4. such用于特殊结构Such is our study plan.
5. so that（目的/结果）≯in case（没有such that）
such … as…
II. 不定代词用法注意点：
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
W ould you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / W e each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no：
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
补充：常用代词辨异：
1. one, ones, that, those, it
◆one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。
▲①one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰，或these + adj. + ones。
▲②one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。
▲③one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。
▲④one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。
◆that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。
◆one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。
2. no one, none
①no one = nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。
②no one没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。none可接of短语。
No one，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答。
e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one.
③none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。
④none常用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答，也可对any + of 短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而no one用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。
3. both, either, neither
◆both两者都，作主语时谓语动词用复数。作形容词时，可直接修饰名词，如有定冠词the，物主代词或指示代词修饰名词，需置both之后。both指两个人或物，不可与单数名词或不可数不清名词搭配，只与复数名词搭配。
◆either两者中的任何一个，跟谓语动词的单数。作形容词用，只能和单数可数名词连用，作案不定代词时，可单独使用，也可跟of短语。
◆neither两者中无任何一个，用法同either。
六、Repeat:
1. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs.
2. There are so many kinds of books on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.
3. T o m’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn’t help.
4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expressed it to be much better.
5. They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.
6. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
7. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
练习：做配套练习
四．形容词和副词
I. 形容词：
1. 形容词的位置：
比较形容词和副词
1. 形容词＋ly, 有时会构成意义完全不同的副词
hard(困难的)—hardly（几乎不）dead(死的)—deadly(致命的)
late(晚的)—lately(最近)fair(公平的)—fairly(相当)
２．注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：
l) close接近地closely仔细地，密切地2) free免费地freely自由地，无拘束地
3) hard努力地hardly几乎不4) late晚，迟lately近来
5) most极，非常mostly主要地6) wide广阔地，充分地widely广泛地
7) high高highly高度地，非常地8) deep深，迟deeply抽象意义的“深”
9) loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思) 10) near邻近nearly几乎
３.以-ly结尾的形容词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、manly、timely等。eg. （×）He spoke to me very friendly.（∨）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
四：比较级和最高级
1. 构成：
大部分双音节词、加后缀构成的词（如slowly, useful）、源于分词的形容词（如tired）、所有的多音节词，加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级，副词的最高级可省去the.请注意：作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人、他物相比，常不加the. eg. W e are busiest on Monday.
2．修饰比较级、最高级的程度词
1) even / still / rather /much / far/ a lot/ a great deal / a little/ a bit＋比较级
W e are working still harder now. 现在我们工作更加努力。
2) 数词+ 名词＋比较级
eg. He is two inches taller than his father. 他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说He is taller than his father by two inches. )
She could not take a step further. 她一步也不能走了。
3) 比较级＋by far , 在前面，应在二者中间加“the”．如: He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
4) the second/ third ＋最高级
by far
3. 无比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,因此没有比较级和最高级．常见的有：right, wrong, perfect, possible, impossible, mistaken, dead, favourite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite(完全地)，completely等修饰。eg. quite right/ impossible，completely dead.
4. 和冠词连用
the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物
the ＋形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two
a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级“非常…”eg. a most beautiful city
5. 相关结构
1) 原级比较：肯定句as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..
2) 比较句：比较级＋than….或more (less) ….than…..
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)
3) 比较级＋and＋比较级或more and more＋比较级“越来越…”
richer and richer, more and more interesting
4) The more….., the more…..“越…，越…”
The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.
5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单）（适用于范围一致时）
(all) other ＋n.（复）
any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.
any student in my class.
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.
2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…‖句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.
5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
形容词，副词高考题选：
1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)
A. most cleverest
B. more clever
C. cleverest
D. cleverer
2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)
A. most
B. almost
C. mostly
D. at most
3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)
A. such an interesting
B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting
D. a so interesting
4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so___work in a single day. (MET88)
A. few, much
B. few, many
C. little, much
D. little, many
5. The horse is getting old and can\'t run ___ it did. (MET88)
A. as faster as
B. so fast than
C. so fast as
D. as fast as
6. The story sounds___ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true
7. I\'d been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren\'t ___ for me. (MET89)
A. some; any
B. many; a few
C. some; one
D. a few; none
8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)
A. as less; as
B. as few; as
C. less; than
D. fewer; than
9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as
10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)
A. cheaper; not as better
B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good
D. more cheap; not as good
11. ---Can I help you? ---W ell, I\'m afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)
A. so
B. much
C. very
D. too
13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)
A. less; less
B. fewer; fewer
C. less; fewer
D. fewer; less
14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)
A. How a pleasant surprise
B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise
D. What pleasant surprise
15. ---How did you find your visit to museum? ---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting
D. a lot much interesting
16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. another
17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)
A. more
B. much more
C. much
D. more much
19. ___ food you\'ve cooked! (NMET91 ) A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
20. Go and get your coat. It\'s ___ you left it. (MET92) A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)
A. open
B. to be opened
C. to open
D. opening
22. ---Are you feeling ___? ---Y es, I\' m fine now. (NMET92)
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? ---Sorry, I can\'t. He ___. (MET92)
A. doesn\'t any more work here
B. doesn\'t any longer here work
C. doesn\'t work any more here
D. doesn\'t work here any longer
26. ___ terrible weather we\'ve been having these days! (MET92) A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It\'s___ by road.(MET93)
A. quick
B. the quickest
C. much quick
D. quicker
28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it
D. What a long way it is
29. She doesn\'t speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)
A. as well as
B. as often as
C. so much as
D. as good as
30. ---Mum, I think I\'m___ to get back to school.
---Not really, My dear. Y ou\'d better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
31. ---If you don\'t like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one\'s a bit tight for me. (NMET93)
A. a big
B. a bigger
C. the big
D. the bigger
32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well
D. so well as
33. W e all write___ ,even when there\'s net much to say. (NMET94)
A. now and then
B. by and by
C. step by step
D. more or less
35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
36. ---Have you finished your report yet? ---No, I\'ll finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)
A. another
B. other
C. more
D. less
37. ---I\'d like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
---W ell, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)
A. some; a
B. an; some
C. some; some
D. an; a
38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)
A. what
B. how
C. however
D. whatever
39. W e decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)
A. badly
B. hardly
C. strongly
D. heavily
40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)
A. the better voice
B. a good voice
C. the best voice
D. a better voice
41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)
---It was great. W e visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
44. W ait till you are more___ .It\'s better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)
A. inspired
B. satisfied
C. calm
D. certain
45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)
A. the best
B. more
C. better
D. the most
46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )
A. Brave enough students
B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough
D. Students enough brave
49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
50.---I\'m very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)
A. pleasant; pleased
B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant
D. pleased; pleasant
51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.
A. a high
B. a higher
C. the higher
D. the highest
五．动词
I. 动词的时态：
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：
I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)
2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：
I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)
I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）
3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。
1.This / That / It is the first time +从句（用现在完成时）
2.It’s / has been +一段时间+since从句（用过去时）
3.Hardly / No sooner had sb. done when / than +从句（用过去时）
4.It will be +一段时间+before从句（用一般现在时）/ It was +一段时间+before从句（用过去时）
5. It’s time+从句（用过去时或should do）
6.would rather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时）
It’s getting late. I’d rather you took a taxi there.The film was boring. I’d rather I hadn’t gone to see it.
内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动；
2.表示状态特征的连系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主动语态表示被动意义；
3.不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等；
4.当want, require, need作“需要”解，后接doing/ to be done作宾语，此时动词do与主语为动宾关系；
5.be worth后接doing作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义；
6.不定式to blame（该受责备）表示被动意义；Who is to blame?
7.在“主语+be+形容词（for sb.）+to do”结构中，to do用主动形式；
8.在“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+动词不定式to do（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与to do为主谓关系时，此动词不定式用主动形式；如：I have a meeting to attend.
练习一：动词时态与语态（1）
1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played
2. She ______ the door before she goes away.
A. had locked
B. is locking
C. has locked.
D. was locking.
3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals. A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching
4. What _____ if I drink this? A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened
5. I will visit you if Father ______ me. A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let
6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down. A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would
7. My uncle _____ to see me. He\'ll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
8. They can\'t leave until they _____ their work. A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done
9. \"Has he seen this film?\" \" Y es. He ______ it several days ago. \"
A. saw
B. has seen
C. had seen
D. was seeing
10. Now Mike isn\'t here. He ______ Mr Green\'s. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.
A. went to; is coming
B. has gone to; will come
C. has been to; will be
D. is going to; has come
11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.
A. has washed
B. washed
C. had been washing
D. was washed
12. I haven\'t finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.
A. have written it
B. have been writing it
C. wrote it
D. am writting it
13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,
A. go to
B. will go to
C. have been to
D. have gone to
14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.
A. didn\'t say
B. couldn\'t speak to
C. said
D. didn\'t tell
15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.
A. was built
B. built
C. was set up
D. had been built
16. \" When ______ school begin?\" \" Next Monday. \" A. has B. does C. did D. is going to
17. I will ______ here till you give me some money. A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return
18. I _____ here since I moved here. A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working
19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice. A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone
20. It was said that his father ______. A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died
21. W e won\'t go unless you ______ soon. A. had come B. came C. will come D. come
22._____six years since I began studying English. A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are
23. They ______ the Summer Palace three times.
A. have gone to
B. have been to
C. have been in
D. have gone into
24. \"How long haven\'t we seen each other? \"\"W ell, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. \"
A. is/have met
B. was/had met
C. is/met
D. has been/had met
25. \"Have you seen the art exhibition?\" \"No, _____ there. \"
A. it was not being held
B. they didn\'t hold
C. it had not held
D. they were holding it
26. Don\'t get off the bus until it ______. A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped
27. \"Where ______ the recorder? I can\'t see it anywhere.\" \"I _____ it right here. But now it\'s gone. \"
A. did you put/have put
B. have you put/put
C. had you put/was putting
D. were you putting/have put
28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed
B. was enjoying
C. enjoyed
D. had been enjoying
29. Don\'t come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. coming
30. ______ you ______? A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married
31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he\'ll go home.
A. sells
B. has sold
C. will have sold
D. will be sold
32. \"This cloth _____well and _____ long. \"\"Ok. I\'ll take it. \"
A. washes/lasts
B. is washed/lasted
C. washes/is lasted
D. is washing/lasting
33. \"Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. \" \"Oh, I\'m coming. Thank you. \"
A. are wanted
B. are being wanted
C. want
D. are wanting
34. I ______ see you, but I didn\'t, for I had no time.
A. had wanted to
B. has wanted to
C. wanted
D. was wanted
35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.
A. have lived
B. was living
C. will be living
D. shall have lived
36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.
A. will be graduating
B. should be graduating
C. will have graduated
D. is graduating
37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east. A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned
38. My brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell/was riding
B. fell/were riding
C. had fallen/rode
D. had fallen/was riding
39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.
A. was going to be
B. was about to be
C. could be
D. was to be
40. It is high time you _____ in bed now. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be
41. After a while an agreement _____.
A. was arrived at
B. was arrived in
C. was arrived
D. has been arrived
42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.
A. is about to arrive
B. has arrived
C. arrives
D. is going to arrive
43.______,that step is not safe! A. Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down
44. \"Have you _____ him to give up smoking?\" \"No. I _____, but he wouldn\'t listen.\"
A. persuaded/tried
B. tried/persuaded
C. tried/tried
D. persuaded/persuaded
45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.
A. take
B. make
C. put
D. send
46. I don\'t know when he ______, but when he ______, I\'ll let you know.
A. will come/comes
B. comes/will come
C. comes/comes
D. will come/will come
47. How much do you think that vase _____? A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost
48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it\'s beginning to look diffcult.
A. hope
B. had hoped
C. hoped
D. am hoping
49. ―Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.‖
―Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.‖
A. never think/are going
B. never thought/ were going
C. didn’t think/ are going
D. hadn’t thought/ were going
50. It’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.
A. haven’t got
B. hasn’t got
C. wouldn’t get
D. doesn’t have got
51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?
A. hadn’t she
B. didn’t she
C. wouldn’t she
D. won’t she
52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.
A. became mixed with
B. was mixed by
C. mixes with
D. has been mixing by
练习二、动词时态与语态（2）
53. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
A. are to be held
B. is to be held
C. are holding
D. will hold
54. I\'m sorry, sir. Y our recorder isn\'t ready yet. It _____ in the factory.
A. is being repaired
B. is repaired
C. has been repaired
D. hasn\'t repaired
55. Every possible means , but none prove successful.
A. has tried
B. has been tried
C. is being tried
D. tried
56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.
A. That is hoped
B. It is hoped
C. That hopes
D. It hopes
57. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.
A. is broken
B. has broken
C. have been broken
D. has been broken
58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.
---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.
A. was being cleaned
B. was cleaned
C. was being cleaning
D. has been cleaned
59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.
---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.
A. will have finished .
B. will has been finished
C. will have being finished
D. will have been finished
60. Y ou ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----These three rooms ______ (by you).
A. are oughted to keep clean
B. ought to kept clean
C. ought to be kept clean
D. ought to have been kept clean
61. Y ou are about to write a poem, aren\'t you? ---- A poem _____ (by you), _____ ?
A. is about to be written, aren\'t you
B. is about to be writing, isn’t it
C. is about to be writing, aren\'t you
D. is about to be written, isn’t it
62. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).
A. had better left
B. had be better left
C. had better be left
D. had better been left
63. He doesn\'t do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.
A. doesn\'t be done
B. aren\'t done
C. don\'t be done
D. isn’t done
64. W e must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.
A. must be taken care
B. must be took cars
C. must take care of
D. must be taken care of
65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.
A. is looked down
B. is looked down upon
C. looks down upon
D. looks down
66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.
---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.
A. shall be given to
B. will give
C. shall give to
D. will be giving to
67. W e elected her leader. ---- She by us.
A. is elected leader
B. was leader elected
C. was elected leader
D. leader was elected
68. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.
---- Why are all of the______?
A. grey painted mailboxes
B. mailboxes grey painted
C. mailboxes painted grey
D. painted grey mailboxes
69. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.
A. is seen enter
B. is seen to enter
C. was seen to enter
D. was seen enter
70. The question asked by him is hard _____ .
A. to answer
B. to be answered
C. to be answering
D. for answer
71. How sweet the music ______!
A. sounds to be
B. is sounded
C. is sounded to be
D. sounds
72. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.
A. don\'t keep
B. cannot be kept
C. are not kept
D. are not keeping
73. He received a telegram ___ \"Mother Sick.\"
A. written
B. said
C. reading
D. writing
74. The classroom ______ 30 feet long.
A. measures
B. is measured
C. has
D. has length
75. Do you remember ______ ?
A. how it is done
B. it how to be done
C. How is it done by
D. how to do
76. to have been rich.
A. They say
B. It is said
C. He is said
D. That was said
77. Mathematics is difficult ______.
A. to learn
B. for learning
C. to be learned
D. of learning
78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber\'s shop and______.
A. have to cut it
B. have it cut
C. get it to be cut
D. to cut it
79. The pencil ______ well.
A. writes
B. is written
C. was written
D. writing
80. ---- I can\'t see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.
A. to examine your eyes
B. to have your eyes examined
C. to have examined your eyes
D. to be examined your eyes
81. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.
A. move
B. moving
C. moved
D. moves
82. Good medicine ______ to the mouth.
A. tastes bitter
B. tastes bitterly
C. is tasted bitter
D. is tasted bitterly
83. Which girl won the prize? _____
A. By which girl is the prize won?
B. Which girl was the prize won?
C. By which girl did she win the prize?
D. By which girl was the prize won?
84. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.
A. given for us
B. a gift to us
C. given to us
D. a gift for us
85. A young hen is ______ a chicken.
A. named
B. known
C. spelled
D. called
86. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.
A. can\'t satisfy
B. isn\'t satisfied
C. doesn\'t satisfy
D. hasn\'t satisfied
87. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.
A. to call
B. to be called
C. to be calling
D. being called
88. His idea, though good, needs ______ out.
A. being tried
B. to try
C. tried
D. to be tried
89. The man living in the next door is known _____the police.
A. with
B. to
C. by
D. of
90. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.
A. up of, up of
B. into, into
C. of, of
D. from, from
91. ______ here last night.
A. Something strange was happened
B. Strange something was happened
C. Something strange happened
D. Strange something happened
92. ---- I\'d like to buy that coat. ---- I\'m sorry, _____.
A. it was sold
B. it\'s selling
C. it\'s been sold
D. it had been sold
93. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.
A. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years liter
B. until two centuries more it was used in war
C. not used in war until two hundred years later
D. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards
94. The five-year-old girl by her parents.
A. is looked
B. has looked for
C. is being looked for
D. has been looked
七．情态动词
--- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning? --- Y es, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)
2．表示推测：理论可能性can
可能性肯定句must, may ,might, could 疑问句can 否定句can’t (不可能)，may not (可能不)
1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生. Children can be very tiring.
2)反意问句。He may know the plan, doesn’t he?
Y ou must have studied Eng lish before, haven’t you?Y ou can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you?
3．could & be able to
在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事，相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth.
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
4. may / might as well do sth “还是…好”、“不妨”Y ou might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。
5. must和have to
1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。
2）否定形式含义不同。mustn’t禁止，不许可，don’t have to不必
3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）eg. Must you shout so loudly?
6. shall和should
Shall 1) 表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。When shall my father be able to leave hospital?
2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。
Y ou shall go with me (命令) / Y ou shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺）
He shall be punished （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)
Should 1) 表示劝告和建议“应该”2) “按道理应当”“估计”(=ought to) They should be there by now, I think. 3）用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。I should advise you not do that.我倒是劝你别这样做。4）在条件句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。
Ask T om to ring me up if y ou should see him. /Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come.
5）Why / How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟然”
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。
7. will 和would
1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice.
2) 表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。Will (W ould ) you please pass me the book?
3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water. Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.
4). 表示功能，意为“能”或“行”The machine won’t work.
5) 表示预料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他离开家时大约十点。
8. would & used to
1) 表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。
There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×)
2) would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。
W e would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.
3) used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义. eg. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.
9. dare 和need
两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语I dare say（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare 后的to可省略，即：don’t / doesn’t dare (to ) do…. need 作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。
He dare go there alone. ( ×) He dares to go there.
He dares not go there alone. ( ×) He dare not go there alone . / He doesn’t dare ( to ) g o there alone.
He stood there without daring lift his head.(×) He stood there without daring to lift his head.
10．情态动词+ have done,表示过去比较：情态动词+ do , 表示现在或将来。
cf. needn’t have done & didn’t need to do…
She need not have come yesterday. 她昨天本不必要来的。（但却来了）
She didn’t need to come yesterday. 她昨天不必来。（实际上也没来）
八．非谓语动词
高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa14519659.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa14519659.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
3-18岁纯英式素质教育领航者：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！ 优尼全能英语：高中英语语法练习题及参 考答案 1. My son got up late this morning. He only had _______ for breakfast. A. two bread B. two slice of bread C. two slices of bread D. two slices of breads 2. _______ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam
B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s 3. —Do you know how many ___a horse has and how many _____ a bee has? —Of course I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 4. __________ woman in a purple skirt is Betty’s mother. A. The B. A C. An D. / 5. Now telephones are very popular and they are much ______ than before.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheaper 6. —Hi, Tom. Is your brother as active as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is _________. A. less outgoing than me B. not so calm as C. more active than I D. as outgoing as I 7. English ____ in many countries, but Chinese ____ their own language.
《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹（带解析答案）1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C.
语法填空专题训练 预热题 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of them correctly and wisely. 1 , some of us are upset 2 their body styles and looks. It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty 3 matters. Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood 4 our teachers, parents and classmates. 5 (face) with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to remove the 6 (understand). Some of us have fewer friends. I think being open-minded and friendly will do you good. Third, we may fall behind others, 7 makes us stressed. Actually we can encourage 8 to work efficiently, full of 9 (determine). At last, some of us don’t have much pocket money, so they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? So long as we have some, that’s enough. And we can learn 10 to spend money 【文章综述】本文讲述高中生成长中有很多的烦恼，我们应该用正确的方式来处理。 【答案解析】 1.First与第三行的Second形成呼应，都表示列举 2.about 考察固定搭配be upset about…对…感到难过，失望；很多人对于自己的体型和外貌感到难过。 3.that本句是一个强调句型It is…that/who…；本句强调的是主语one’s inner beauty，句意：重要的是我们的内在美。 4.by本句话考查被动语态。Be misunderstood by 被。。误解。 5.Faced 本句中的faced是动词face的过去分词转换的形容词，构成be faced with…面对着…；在句中使用形容词来说明后面主句转换主语的情况。 6.misunderstanding考查名词。句意：我们找合适的时间来与父母面对面交谈，来消除误解。 7.which 本句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话的内容在句中做主语。 8.ourselves 本句中使用反身代词ourselves表示强调。我们经常鼓励自己高效工作。 9.determination 本句中介词of后面要接名词作宾语，故使用determine的名词determination。 10. how 本句考察的“特殊疑问词+不定式”在句中做宾语的用法，在本句中how to spend money作为动词learn的宾语。
高中英语语法专题复习教案大全(15个教案) 语法复习专题一——名词 一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 （1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy —boys, pen —pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass —glasses,box—boxes, watch —watches, brush —brushes。 特例：stomach —stomachs。 ③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如： baby —babies, lady —ladies, fly —flies。 ④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato —tomatoes, potato —potatoes, hero —heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio —radios, zoo —zoos, photo —photos, piano —pianos, kilo —kilos, tobacco —tobaccos。 ⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife —wives, life —lives, knife —knives, wolf—wolves, self —selves, leaf —leaves等。特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs, roof —roofs, chief —chiefs, gulf —gulfs, belief —beliefs, cliff —cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man —men, mouse —mice, foot —feet, woman —women, tooth —teeth, goose —geese, ox —oxen。特例：child —children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair —armchairs, bookcase —bookcases, bookstore —bookstores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor —men doctors, woman driver —women drivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law —brothers-in-law, passer-by —passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero —zeros 、zeroes, deer — deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便
高一英语知识点 重点词组：1. hunt for = look for寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。 hunt for a job 找工作 2. fond of “喜爱，爱好”接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。 3. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣= care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。 2）关心= care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。 4. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 5. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信 6. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。 7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束 （1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。 8、come about 引起；发生；产生 （1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？ （2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 9、stay up 不睡；熬夜 （1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。 （2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。 10、end up with 以……告终；以……结束 （1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。 11、except for 除……之外 （1）except 与except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。 ②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。 （2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。 ②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。 （3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：