时态与语态
一．一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes, often, usually, always，occasionally, now and then,on weekends,on
Sundays,every week/month/year等
She always takes a walk in the evening.
He often does his homework in his study.
1.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在
过去语境中，也用一般现在时。
The moon goes around the earth.
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败
He said the earth is round.
2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever等引导的时
间状语和由if, unless, so long as, once等引导的条件状语和however,even if等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：
l’ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动
作。例如：
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
4. But for the fact that…从句中，that 从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而
定。
But for the fact that he is busy now, he would be here.
But for the fact that you were ill, I would have had you print the papers.
二、一般过去时
表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的时间状语有yesterday，the day before yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, last
month/year, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was young, when I was in London,when I was a child等
I received two letters last week.
The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.
When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university.
1.表示某人过去的经历
1) ---- Have you graduated from the university?
----- Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.
2) ---- Have you finished your homework ?
----- Yes, I ________(finish) it within hald an hour.
3) I ______(be) in London for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China.
2. intend, wonder, think, realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等
I thought you were a student.
I didn’t think /realize you failed again.
I didn’t intend to hurt you.
3. used to do sth/ would do sth 过去常常做某事
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains
4.句型
1）.It is (high) time sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth.某人该干某事了。
It is time you went to bed.
2) .Would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。
I would rather you came tomorrow/now.
3). Would/ should/ ought to/ could/ might/ needn’t/ would like to have done sth, but…句型
中，but 后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。
a. He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.
b. --- Did you attend the party?
---- I would have(attended the party) but I was busy.
= I was busy otherwise/or I would have attended the party.
= I had planned to attend the party but I was busy.
= I was going to attend the party, but I was busy.
4). Would you mind if sb did sth? 如果…干某事，你介意吗？
Would you mind if I opened the door?
三．一般将来时/过去将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有next…, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段，before+ 时间点，in the future等.
1.will/shall do sth
1）表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势；
Fish will die without water.
2) will 表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定的意思。
---- Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?
---- No, I will go and visit him right now.
2.be going to do sth
1）表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下will 表示临时性决定的用法。
He is going to speak on Tv this evening.
2）表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
注意：was going to 表示过去本打算做某事，但未做
----Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
---- I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
3.be doing sth 有些动词如come, go, arrive,leave,begin, start, return等，其现在进行时
表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。
I’m leaving for Beijing next month.
4.be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing sth (when) “即将干某事(这是突然)…”该
结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when连用。
The train is about to start.
The plan is on the point of taking off.
5. 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时
刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o’clock.
The train leaves at 5 and arrives at 8.
6.be to do sth
1).表示按计划或安排要做的事
She is to get married next month.
注意：were/was to have done sth 表示未曾实现的计划。
We were to have told you, but you were not in.
2) 表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to.
You are to report it to the police.
3) 表示“想，打算”, 相当于intend, want.
If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.
四．现在进行时 am/is /are doing sth
表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作，常见的时间状语为: now, at present, these days等
I am writing a novel these days.
I’m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.
1)与always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等连用，带有厌恶、批评、
不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。
You are always putting your things around.
He is always helping others.
2) 下列四类动词一般不用现在进行时
感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste,see, hear等
The soup tastes good.
情感类：like,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等
I love my dad and mum.
心态类：wish. Hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 等
I don’t believe my eyes.
存在状态类：appear, lie, remain, belong, have 等
Those books belong to Mr. Li.
3) 延续性动作用进行体，短暂性动作用一般体，一个延续性动作为背景，被一个短暂
性动作打断
My brother fell while he was riding his bike and hurt himself.
As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.
五．过去进行时was/were doing sth
表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
1.----- Is there anything Wrong Bob? You look sad.
---- Oh, nothing much. In fact I was just thinking of my friend back home.
2. ----- Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
----- Where was I?
----- You were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.
3. ----- Hey, look where you are going?
----- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. I wasn’t noticing.
六．将来进行时will be doing sth
表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。
1). Doctor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week.
2).This time tomorrow I will be watching you play on TV.
3). Don’t telephone me after 8------- I will be having a meeting.
七．现在完成时have/has done sth
表示过去某个动作已经完成，或者过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，强调对现在的影响，常见的时间状语有for, since+过去时间，since then, ever since, so far, by now/ until now/ up to now, lately/recently, in the past/last (ten years),还有already,just, yet,never ever,still等常跟现在完成时连用。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
He has written 8 books so far.
I have already seen the film.
They have worked here since they left college.
By now/Until now/ Up to now, I has remembered 3000 English words.
1). 在“最高级+名词”的句子中用用现在完成时
This is the best tea( that) I have ever drunk.
This is the best film I have ever seen.
2). It/This is the first/second…time(that) sb have done sth 某人第几次做某事
This is the first time (that) I have come here.
3) It+ has been/is +一段时间+ since sb did sth 表示动作从终止已经多久了。
It has been five years since he lived here. 他不在这工作已经5年了。
It has been five years since he began to work here. 他在这工作已经五年了。
It has been 3 years since he smoked. 他不吸烟已经三年了。
have/has been to曾经到过某地,人已回来
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.
——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.
5).非延续性动词连用，即瞬间动词，join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die,
marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如他参军已经三年了
可采用:1）“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.
2）“延续法”：He has served in the army for three years.
He has been a soldier for 3 years.
He has been in the army for 3 years.
3）“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
翻译：他和玛丽结婚已经三年了
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
结婚marry--- be married 借borrow ----keep;
买buy----- have 离开leave ---be away
死亡die --- be dead; 结束finish ／end ／stop----be over
生病fall ill ---be ill；起床get up ----- be up；
感冒catch ／get a cold---- have a cold；来/去come/go here ----be here/there；
成为become ---- be；回来come back----- be back；
睡着fall asleep ----- be asleep；到达get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)；
认识get to know ---- know；出去go (get) out ----be out；
穿put on ---- wear；去国外go abroad --- be abroad;
醒wake up --- be awake 关闭turn off ----- be off
打开turn on ---- be on 动身leave for---- be off for
睡觉go to sleep --- be asleep 打开/关闭open/close sth ---keep sth open/closed；参加join ----- be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；
上学go to school ----- be in school／be a student;
交朋友make friends with ------be friends with
丢失lose -----be lost ／be missing ／be gone;
失业lose one's job ／work-----be out of work ／a job等
八．过去完成时had done sth
表示“过去的过去”，必须找过去的时间作为参照点，常见的时间状语有before，by+过去时间, by the end of + 过去时间，by the time + 过去时间, by then, until then等。
He had learned some English before she came to the institute.
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.
By 1998，he had studied French for 2 years.
By the end of last year, I had remembered 5000 words.
By then he had learned English for 3 years.
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
By the time he arrived home, his mother had cooked supper for him.
By the time he was 12 years old, he had built a lab for himself.
1). 表示愿望、打算的词如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, wish, suppose 等，其过去完成
时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
2) . Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely had sb done sth when….; No sooner had sb done sth than….
一…就
Hardly had I gone out when it began to rain.
3) It was the first time( that) sb had done sth 这是某人第几次干某事
It was the first time he had been to the Great Wall.
九.现在完成进行时have/has been doing sth (过去→现在→将来)
用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
It has been raining for two days.
十．将来完成时will have done sth
By + 现在时间have/has done sth
By + 过去时间had done sth
By+ 将来时间will have done
1). By the year of 2019, we will have entered the university.
2). By the time my father comes back, I will have finished the work.
比较：By the time my father came back, I had finished the work.
By now, I have finished 5000 English words.
十一.易混时态的区别
1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别问题
这两个时态的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时着重说明的是这个过去发生的动作同现在的关系、对现在产生的结果或影响等，所以，它不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；而一般过去时只着重说明这个动作是在过去某时发生的，并不表示这个过去的动作同现在的关系，更谈不上什么结果和影响，所以，它可以和表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：
(1) I lived in Beijing for five years between 1991 and 1996.
(2) I have lived in Beijing for 5 years so far.
[典型例题1] --- Nice to see you back! How long _____ you _____ in Russia?
--- 4 months.
A. did; stay
B. have; stayed
C. have; been staying
D. do; stay
［典型例题2］--- Have you graduated from Beijing University?
--- Yes. I ______ there for 4 years.
A. have studied
B. studied
C. had studied
D. have been studying
参考答案：AB
2.一般过去时与过去完成时的区别问题
这两个时态都和现在没有关系，都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作；而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间，更早发生的动作。即过去完成时至少涉及两个动作。以下几个例句均是过去完成时的典型句例。
When I got to the party, many of them had left for home.
When he was ready to hand in his test paper, the teacher had left.
The tickets for the fashion show had been sold out before I heard about it.
[典型例题1] --- Was Tom there when you arrived?
--- Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.
A. had gone
B. has gone
C. is going
D. went
[典型例题2] The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver ____ really careless.
A. had been
B. is
C. were
D. was
[典型例题3] --- The returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
--- Yes. I know him very well. He _____ in Africa with wild animals for eight years.
A. has worked
B. had worked
C. worked
D. has been working
参考答案：DDC
3.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别问题
尽管两个时态所表示的动作都发生在现在，但是一般现在时强调的是一种“常态”，一种没有时间阶段特征的、稳定的状态。而现在进行时则表示的是现在所处的状态，不能保证过去是否这样，也不能保证以后怎样，有明显的阶段性。例如：
I work in New York. 我在纽约工作。（表示我的固定工作地点就是纽约。）
I am working in New Y ork. 我正在纽约工作。（表示这一段时间，我在纽约上班。可能听话人知道说话人以前并不在那里工作。而说话人本人对以后的工作地点也没有把握。）[典型例题1] I ____ ping-pang quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. played
B. will play
C. have played
D. play
[典型例题2] --- Your son looks too thin for his age.
--- He could have gained more weight. But he _____ much.
A. isn’t eating
B. doesn’t eat
C. haven’t eaten
D. hadn’t eaten
参考答案：DB
4.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别问题
尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但一般过去时着重强调汇报过去做过什么事情，是有结果的。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一点时间上，一个动作正在进行，有什么样的结果不得而知。例如：
Tyson wrote three letters last night. (表示太森写了三封信，暗指都已写完。)
Tyson was writing a letter last night. (表示我只是见他写信来着，其他就不知道了。)
[典型例题1] The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling
B. traveled
C. had been traveling
D. was to travel
[典型例题2] --- Has your brother finished with that book?
--- I have no idea. He ______ it last night.
A. read
B. was reading
C. have read
D. had been read
参考答案：AB
5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题
have done与have been doing看起来差不多，其实，他们的侧重点不一样。现在完成时侧重指已有的结果或已有的影响；而现在完成进行时则强调过程。例如：
I have repaired your car.（强调你的车修好了，你可以开走了。）
I have been repairing your car.(强调我一直在给你修车，所以很累或没做其他事。)
[典型例题]--- You haven’t finished your homework yet, haven’t you?
--- No, I ______ it the whole morning.
A. have been doing
B. have done
C. had done
D. did
参考答案：A
6.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
这两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语）。比较下面的说法：
She had been ill for a week before she came back.(“回来”发生在过去某一时间，“生病”
发生在这一时间之前，即过去的过去。)
She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)
十二. 动词时态的呼应
1. 主句是一般将来时,由when，after, before, as soon as, the minute, whenever等引导的
时间状语和由if, unless, so long as, once等引导的条件状语和however, even if等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时(现在完成时)表示将来。
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my book.
2. 含宾语从句的时态一致的问题
1）如果主句的谓语为现在时或者将来时，宾语从句的谓语从句的谓语可以不受影响。
He says his father is/was/will be a teacher.
They will tell you that they are living/lived/ will live/ have lived in Shanghai.
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词一般需用过去的某种时态，即一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去完成进行时，过去将来时，过去将来进行时等。
I was sure he was in bed.
He thought he was working for the people.
I wondered if she had got well.
He wanted to know what she had been doing.
I hoped I would find a job soon.
I thought she would be going by bus.
语态
一．被动语态的构成
1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。
----- The window is dirty.
------ I know. It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.
2) 需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身，如;
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
3) 在文章标题、广告、新闻中
Girls wanted! 找女工！
Five-year-old Boy Kidnapped!五岁的男童遭到绑架。
4）当动作的执行者不是人时。
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.
注意：1) 被动结构中切不可丢掉后面的介词或者副词。
That old man was often laughed at .
Bad habits have been done away with.
The plan will be given up.
2) “get+过去分词”可以表示被动
She got married last week.
The patient got treated once a week.
He fell off the car and got killed.
3.主动形式表被动意义：
1). 表示状态特征的系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear构成的系表结构。
例如：
Your excuse sounds good but it can’t be true.
Jack proved (to be) a good tour guide during the long journey.
The soup smells perfect but tastes terrible.
2). 表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read, write, sell, act, wash, clean, wear, open, lock,
shut, dry等, 常与well 和easily连用。例如：
Shakespeare’s books sell well.莎士比亚的书卖的很不错。
This kind of material washes easily, so it saves much water. 这种布料很容易洗，所以能节约不少水。
Don’t waste your time. The door doesn’t lock at all. 别浪费时间了，这门根本锁不上。
This coat dries easily. 这件外套容易干。
Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。
Your speech reads well. 你的演讲讲得很好。
This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。
The match won’t catch.这根火柴擦不着。
The plan worked out wonderfully. 这项计划进展得很好。
3). Sth need/want/require doing
to be done.
Your desk needs tidying. 你的课桌该整理了。
This kind of flowers requires watering every morning. 这种花需要每天早晨浇。
4). be (well) worth＋doing表示被动意义。例如：
This movie is well worth seeing a second time. 这部电影很值得再看一遍。
Your proposal is worth considering. 你的提议值得考虑。
5).不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系，要用不定式的主动式表被动。常见形
容词有：hard/difficult, easy, light, heavy, pleasant, dangerous, comfortable, convenient, impossible等，例如：
I have lots of work to do this week.
Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
This question is easy to work out.
English is hard to learn.
The river is dangerous to swim in.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
6). 有两个特殊的单词，be to blame for (应该为…负责), to let（待出租），它们两个经常
用主动表被动形式。例如：
Your husband is to blame for your spoiled child. 你们的孩子被宠坏了，你丈夫难辞其咎。The house is to let not for sale. 这房子是出租的，不卖。
7）“介词in, on, under 等名词”构成介词短语表示被动意义。
under control 受控制under treatment 在治疗中
under repair 在修理中under discussion 在讨论中
under construction 在施工中beyond belief 令人难以置信beyond one’s reach 够不着beyond one’s control 无法控制for sale 待售for rent 出租
in print 已出版in sight 在视野范围之内
on sale 出售on show/display/exhibition 展出on trial 受审out of control 控制不了
out of sight 超出视线之外out of one’s reach够不着
out of fashion/out of date/ out of style 不流行
8）英语中有些不及物动词和短语永远没有被动，只可以用主谓结构如：
last 持续arise（问题困难的）出现happen/ occur/take place/ come about 发生run out 用光break out 爆发date back to 追溯到belong to 属于exist存在
The rain lasts three days.
Use this money when the need arises.
Great changes have happened/ taken place in China in the past ten years.
My money has run out.
A fire breaks out during the night.
This dress dates back to the 19th century.
The car belonging to me is made in Germany.
Many strange phenomena exist in the world.
做题的方法：1. 看时间是发生在现在还是过去
2.看动作是完成还是没有完成
3.看语态是主动还是被动
1. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 2. —I called you last night，but nobody answered. —Oh，I usually________ off my cell phone by 8:00 pm. A. switched B. have switched C. switch D. had switched 3. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 4. The house belongs to my aunt but she D. doesn’t live 5. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. In many parts of the world, tea ________ milk mild and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 8 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 9. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 10. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained 11. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming 12. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. Drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 13. —Do you have any problems if you —Well， A. offer C. are offered D. will be offered 14. The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front A. is expected C. expects D. will be expected 15. —How long do you want me to heat the oil? —Heat it till it ________ to smoke. A. would begin B. begins C. will begin D. began 16. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 17. — When will you come to see me, Dad? — I will go to see you when you the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 18. Come and see me whenever _______. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
英语的时态
般现在时 一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律 一般现在时J单三人称：动词r或es ［非单三人称：动词原形
动词第三人称单数的变化规则 1＞直接在动词后+S like- likes play-plays 2、以s, x, sh, ch,接尾時动词：+es wash-washes 3、以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es go-goes 4、以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es
fly-flies ?般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语everyday，often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.
3）表示格言或警句中。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much? Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
1)伦love (Cove) sports. 2)Sfie sings (sin^) we(L 3)Tom andjofin _____ w atch (watc? TV every evening. 4)My son goes (g? to scfiooCby 6i忽. 5)teacherusualfy ______ walk帥瑚)to school 6)Tive plus two _____ m akes (ma同seven. 7)TJiey ad I ike 伍匍kirn. 8)加sun____ falls (faj in the west. 二、一般过去时
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通 过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
表格式一般现在时态和语态 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian （not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it （not rain）tomorrow, we will go to the park. 6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday. 7.He （help）the old man every week . 8.The old man （help）by him every week. 9.The building (visit) by many people every year.
一一般现在时 （一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作， 句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. （二）标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month…), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）谓语动词构成： 1 be动词的一般现在时：am is are（"是"，“在”） 2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候： （1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形 （2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es． （温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句） （四）.基本结构： 1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much. 2，否定句：主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他(在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesn’t do her housework every day. We don’t dance . He isn’t a worker. 3，一般疑问句：Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面）Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher? 4，特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句Where does Tom come from? （五) 一般现在时态用法 （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用： eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100℃The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. （4）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 （六）一般现在时态的考点：
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.
高中英语教案时态总结 一、时态的内涵 Tense翻译为时态，包含时间+状态两个方面。 时间的划分：过去，现在，将来 状态的划分：一般，进行，完成 状态——实意动词： 四种形式例：go, went, gone, going 四种形式各有分工一般：go, went 进行：going 完成：gone 例： 一般 I go to school every day. I went to school yesterday. 进行 we are learning English. I was learning English when you called me yesterday. 完成 We have had breakfast. I had had breakfast by 8 this morning. 时间——助动词 那接下来又有新的问题了。比如说，现在分词，它只有一种形式，如going ,或者learning, 那我们时间又不一样，有过去进行的，现在进行的，比如刚才的两个例句，we are learning English, 我们用的是are. I was learning English yesterday when you called me. 用的是was. 所以我们发现，learning是没有变化的，但前面这个are, was是变化的。它们的变化就把这个时间讲清楚了。而它呢，位于learning实意动词之前的这个，叫助动词。也就是说，be，是个助动词。如果我问be是什么词很多同学肯定会说be是系动词，其实be又是助动词，又是系动词，这里的be就是助动词。大家该如何理解呢，看这里，一个实意动词，只能把状态讲清楚，但因为一个状态里面，有不同的时间，比如进行，有过去进行，现在进行，和将来进行，而实意动词本身不能把这个时间讲清楚，于是就借助于，求助于，助动词来帮忙，
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
2010高考二轮复习英语学案 专题六动词时态和语态 【典例精析】1.（2008全国I卷，27）—Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 【解析】D句意：—你认识Dr. Jackson好久时间了吗? —是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since 自从......以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。 2.（2008辽宁卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years. A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know 【解析】C句意：在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇。我俩同时立刻赶到彼此认识多年了。根据题干第二句可知主句为过去时，而that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词又发生在主句动词之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时来表示。 3.（2008天津卷，14）He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played 【解析】D句意：他年轻的时候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示过去的时间状语。题干中没有强调在过去的某个时间段正在发生某事，故排除A项；句中也没有信息词强调对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系，故排除C项；句中也没有以过去的某个时间点或动作点作为参照，故排除D项。 4.（09北京）27. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 【解析】B考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。 5.（09天津）2. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live 【解析】A考查时态。后句意思“他们出生在香港，从来没有去过别的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，故选A。 6.（09福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。
动词时态语态及动词辨析练习100题 1. Once environmental damage ___, it will take many years for the system to recover. A has done B is to do C does D is done 2 --- When are you leaving? ---- My plane ___ at 10:45. A takes off B took off C is about to take off D will take off 3 I didn't like Aunt Lucy, who ___ without warning and bringing us presents. A always turned up B has always turned up C had always turned up D was always turning up 4 --- ____ my English book? I want to look up a word in it. ---- Yes, I ___ it lying on your desk a few minutes ago. A Had you seen, saw B Did you see , have seen C Have you seen,saw D Do you see, saw 5 He will phone ___ he ___ his work. A for the moment ,sets about B the moment,sets about C the moment, will set about D for the moment, will set about 6 That tree looked as if it ___ for a long time. A hasn't watered B didn't water C hadn't been watered D wasn't watered 7 --- Was Tom there when you arrived? --- Yes, but he ___ home soon afterwards. A had gone B has gone C is going D went 8 ---Would you mind if I __ here? --- Certainly not. Please go ahead. A will smoke B did smoke C smoked D am smoking 9 I should have written to you earlier, but ___ rather busy recently. A I've been B I'd been C I'm being D I were 10 --- Why weren't you at the meeting yesterday/ ---- I __ for a long-distance call from my aunt in America then. A waited B was waiting C had been waiting D had waited 11 Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ___ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A would be B has been C had been D would have been 12 ---Was that the first time ___ you ___ England's coast? --- Yes, it was. A /, left B when, have left C when, had left D /, had left 13 The car ran down the hill,and the driver ___ , according to the newspaper,to have been killed. A said B was saying C was said D had been said 14 --- He promised to come on time. --- What do you imagine ___ to him then? A has happpened B was happening C happening D was happened 15 --- Kate returned home yesterday. ---Really? Where ___ ? A has she been B had she gone C has she gone D had she been 16 ---Let's hurry.The President is coming. --- Oh, really? I ___ afraid that we ___ him. A was , had already missed B am, have already missed C am, will miss D was, was missing 17 --- Are you a visitor here? ---That's right..I ___ round the world and now my dream of coming to China ___ true. A am travelling,has come B was travelling,had come C have travelled, has come D had travelled, is coming
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 (2002全国高考题)—You haven’t said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? —I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say 2.(2002全国高考题)I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 3.(2003北京春季高考题)—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ________ the training course. A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4.(2003北京春季高考题)—How long ________ at this job? —Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5.(2003上海春季高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6.(2002北京高考题)The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A.had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7.(2002北京高考题)—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8.(2002上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________ from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9.(2002上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________. A.has been B.does C.has D.is 11.If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not kept; will have to B.are not kept; have to C.do not keep; will have to D.do not keep; have to 12.The price ________，but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went down B.will go down C.has gone down D.was going down 13.—How long ________ each other before they ________ married? —For about a year. A.have they known; get B.did they know; get C.do they know; are going to get D.had they known; got 14.You can’t move in right now.The house ________. A.has painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.is painting