图表作文写作要领
（1）注意总-分结构的使用。中心句概括总趋势。
总增长：
典型数据/区间：there are some fluctuations to this general trend;
Within this general trend, there are some fluctuations, for
example…
（2）注意分水岭的描写,即把整个图表的变化趋势分成两个或三个变化阶段来整体描写。（3）注意语言的多样化，多用同义词替代，避免重复用词。
（4）注意数据的内部逻辑关系，确定描写线索。即确定以某个数据的变化来贯彻全文。
图表作文句型总结：
1.基本功: 叙述表格/图表(重点)
(1)组成：consist of.., be made up of.., be composed of..,
(2)比例：account for%, represent%, make/take up %.., 或者直接说% of….
(3)上升(by..to…)，增加，提高：
a. 普通：increase, grow, rise, expand
b. 渐渐上升：climb, edge up, ascend, trend up.
c. 猛增，激增：jump, surge, soar, proliferate (数量), leap, shot up
d. 词组：achieve an increase in….by…to…
Continue its upwards trend; trend up
On the rise, on the increase.
On consecutive rise: 保持连续增长
n. 名词：increase, rise, growth, expansion,
ascendance渐渐增加,
slight increase, rise, growth in..
bump-up(突然增加), proliferation(激增),jump, leap, surge, boom
(4)减少，下降，减缓
a. 普通：decrease, fall, drop, reduce, shrink, (shrinkage)
b. 逐渐变少：slide, dwindle, decline, edge down
c. 骤减：collapse, slump, plummet, plunge
d. 经济衰退，停顿：slump, collapse, stagnate, stagnant, stagnation,
sluggish, sluggishness, slack,
crisis, recession, slowdown, downturn,
e. 词组：fall off, drop off, go down, continue its downward trend, trend down,
on the decline, on the downturn.
(5) 保持平稳，不变：
Remain stable,/steady,/unchanged
Level off vi 上升，或减退至平稳水平
Subside vi 减退至平稳水平standstill n/adj 停滞不前
(6) 起伏波动：
Rise and fall,
fluctuate slightly/dramatically,
fluctuate between….and…, a minor fluctuation,
small rises and falls/fluctuations.
(7)形容趋势程度
a. 剧烈，显著，明显
Dramatically, sharply, considerably, rapidly, suddenly, greatly, alarmingly,
significantly, enormously, steeply, massively, incredibly, hugely, amazingly,
substantially; at an alarming rate; by a wide margin.
b. 缓慢/逐渐
Gradually, steadily, slightly, gently, marginally, slowly, moderately, in a
moderate way, by the least amount.
(8)表示倍数：
a. (使)增几倍于：double, triple, quadruple【'kw?drupl】，
b. adv.adj 几倍的，几倍地：fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold….
c. a
d. 几倍：twice, three/four/five times….
e. 几分之几：2/3：two-thirds, etc. (at a fraction of…)
(9) 比较数据as…as…
a. three/four times as many. 做主语或定语成分
Eg. approx.20% more people preferred the diet cherry version and nearly three times as many preferred the diet strawberry version.
b.―A + be + XX times + as +adj + as + B‖。
eg. This tree is three times as tall as that one.
Eg. His father is twice as old as he.
c.―A + be + XXtimes + 计量形容词比较级+ than + B ‖
eg. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.
=The Yangtze River is almost three times as long as Pearl River.
Eg. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
d. .―A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词+ of + B ‖
eg. The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
e.―The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + 倍数+that + of + B ‖
eg. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.
(10) 从不同方面分析数据; in view of the turnover…., In terms of growth,…就营业额
方面来说。。。，就增长方面来说；
2.描述时间点或时间段
（1）时期泛指:over the period XXX to XXX, over the years XXX to XXX, from XX to xx; over/during the past XX years; in the last XX years(最近X年)，over the last 15 to 20 years. in the next XX years, during a XX-year/month/week period, throughout.., all the way through, for the year..XXX.
(2) 时期特指：during the same period, over the period in question, over/during
the period studied, for the rest of the periods studied, in the two subsequent periods, in the following period, all the way through,
(3)连续下降/上升的某个时期：it is the second/third/fourth consecutive
quarter/year/month/week that XXX has fallen
(4) 时间点: until, by the year XXX, since, from the year XXX, up to now, at a
given moment, over the period ended on xx/ended in XX
(5)年代：during the 1980s; during the 70s and 80s.,
3.开头：this graph/report describes/outlines/shows/compare… with…/suggests,
4.总趋势句型
(1)If we look at the growth in…, we can see there is a steady increase in XX from..
to…/a rise in XX of XXX…
(2)from the graph, we can see there is…./ if we taking the XX first, we can see
that there is …
(3)XX was on consecutive growth on the whole over the period in question
(exce pt… )
(4)XX shows a relatively steady/upward/downward trend in the last XX years.
(5)XX shows a trajectory of growth/fall….
(6)xx, on the other hand, shows a different trend.
(7)XXX has been growing consistently with XX in the past XX years.
(8)XXX witnessed/saw some rise and fall/fluctuations over the period…
(9)during the same period, XX also rose, but fluctuated greatly.
(10)XX didn‘t vary much and remained just over/below xx Or between..and..
(11)XX shows the same performance/trend although at level 4bn higher than
imports.
5. 增长幅度、增长额
(1).., there is a rise in XX of XX/by xx%/from..to…
(2)The figure shows a rise of XX within the whole period and no fluctuations are
to be remarked.
(3)XX rose from…to…, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through.
(4)XX increased slightly/rose steadily. etc , ending the period around XX over
their starting level.
6. 最大涨/跌幅，最高点，最低点
(1) XXX with the biggest increase/decrease coming between…and…,
(2) It went up to the (7-year etc.) peak at….in…. /
(3) The XXX peaked at.. in…./reached/hit a peak in …./peaking at…
(4) The XX rose to the highest, climbed to a seven-month high, (price
etc.)advanced to a record $1000 on….,
(5)the XX rose/surge/climb to XXX, the highest since….
(6)骤升shot-up, surge, rocket, upsurge, uplift, proliferation soar, boom骤降：
slump, plunge, plummet(vi), nose-dive vi
5. 起始点
(1)starting off at…./from, sales will increase to.. during…, and remain stable at
during…, only to decrease to… during.
(2)During XXX, it started around XX in the first quarter…
6. 典型数据/区间
(1)Profits will shop up dramatically to 2,000 in 2004, from which it will go up
steadily from year to year…
(2)It will go down to the lowest at …in … where it will begin to pick up/rebound/
(3)From 1985 to 1997, XXX were between XX and XXX.
(4)After… the XX increased/decreased significantly.
(5)the xxx rose up steadily until….
(6)however, there are some fluctuations to this general/within this general trend,
for example….
7. 描写fluctuations
(1)from/starting off at…, XXX increased to.. during.. and remain stable at..
during.., only to decrease to.. during…
(2)XXX increased/soared from xx to XXX in…followed by a sharp drop to…in…
(3)soar again, fall back to, drop back to…and then maintained this position
throughout ….
(4)it started around XX in xx, increased slowly to XX in.., and then fell to XXat
the end of the year.
(5)It stayed stable at around XX during xxx and xxx, then decreased to XXX
in…,before recovering at/to XXX at the end of …
8. 对比，比例的描写
(1)倍数关系描写（见1）;
(2)分数关系：one/a fifth of, 8 out of 10, at a fraction of…
(3)组成：consist of, be made up of…, be composed of…
(4)比例：account for.., represent, take up..,
(5)对比：compared to, in comparison with…, relative to…, the ratio is….
Eg. Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the ratio is 42 to 10. (The first representing the number of women and latter, men ).
Eg. It decreases half in group 60 to 69 where 10 women hold top position in comparison to/with 21 men.
Eg. The graphs shows the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020 relative to the growth of the world‘s population.
9. 大小的比较
(1)差：spread(差价), margin, split, difference,
差额为正/负：xxx remained positive/negative
(2)占多数，a. XXX dominate in the XX group/amongst….
b. In the age range above…, XXX are in /sliding / majority.
(3)超过: a. XXX exceeded/outstrippedXXX but not by the same margin,
b. XXX exceeded XX by XX percent, outnumber xxx by XXX.
c. exceed XX-level. With the earnings exceeding XXX.
(4) 比例相等：a. an equal number of both…and…
b. XXX take an equal proportion in ….
(5) 从小到大描述数据：followed by
Eg. 44% of our sales income came from US, followed by Europe(26%), and south America(19%)
(6)排序的描写：ranked No.1/2; The second /third largest…; be in the
first/second/third place.
10. 表示预测的句子; be likely to…/is expected to…./is supposed to…/is estimated
to../is projected to…/will/will be
11. 叙述受访者态度
(1)XXX received XX positive responses and XX negative responses..
(2) XX people gave a positive response/comment on..
(3)Asked about…., XX people responded positively/negatively whereas XX
people say sth negative about it.
(4) XX of xx respondents complained about….while XX though it positively,
/thought it to be satisfactory
12. Distribution
(1) xx%, more than half XX, XX out of XX…
(2) the respondents are almost equally divided between XXX and XX(different stances)
(3)XX and xxx take a similar proportion in XX group/range
13. data and compare的中心句
(1)The company employs almost an equal number of executives of both sexes. However, there are remarkable differences depending on the age range considered.
(2)The overall result of this international survey on planned IT expenditure for the next year shows significant differences between Europe and Aisa.
(3)The situation in XX, however, is quite different.
(4)however, the XX vary greatly on the XX…
I Data and Change
1.此类报告有两个目的，呈现数据，描写变化趋势，自己的主观发挥较少或者没有发挥。
不要发挥图表里不存在的内容。一般会要求呈现多个item的变化情况，可以用小标题分段。重点如下：
一、首先把握图表的大趋势；
二、描述重要变化点，例如sudden growth, abrupt drop, drastic shrinkage…,
proliferation etc.
三、起始点和衔接点的描述【turning point】
四、需重点掌握的有：描写变化的句型，及以上一、二、三。
五、条形图和线性图都一般都涉及到这种类型。
Samples
1. 销售预测： Bar Chart, 趋势，最大值，最小值，变化值
Report on Sales Forecast for next year
Introduction
This report sets out to outline and compare the sales forecast s for fridges, TVs, and cookers of Toller Electrical Ltd for next year.
Findings
The unit sales of fridges is/ARE expected to stay/remain steadily at 5,000 throughout the four quarters of next year.
The sales of TVs, on the other hand, will be on consecutive rise, starting off at 5,000 in 【改为during比较好，下同】the first quarter, jumping to 15,000 during the second and third quarter, and ending up with 20,000 in the fourth quarter. 待商榷
The sales of cookers, however, is【因呈现的是四个季度的sales，所以此处应用are】likely to fluctuate a bit next year. The unit sales will reach 5000 in the first quarter, and rise sharply/significantly to 10,000 in the second and third quarter, then decline to 5,000 again in the fourth quarter.
Conclusion
The TV is expected to be the best seller of Toller Electrical Ltd next year.
参考范文；
Report on Sales Forecasts for Toller Electrical Ltd
The aim of this report is to compare the sales forecasts for three product areas for next year.
Unit sales of fridges are likely to remain at 5,000 during all four quarters of next year.
TV sales, on the other hand, will significantly increase during the second quarter from 10,000 to 15,000. Unit sales will remain at 15,000 during the third quarter and soar once again to 20,000 during the fourth quarter.
Unit sales of cookers, however, are likely to fluctuate, starting off at 5,000, sales will increase to 10,000 during the second and third quarter of next year, only to decrease to 5,000 unit sales during the fourth quarter.
It was concluded that TVs will be Toller Electrical Ltd‘s strongest product area in the following year.
NOTE; 注意表示预测的句型
2. 产量与价格变化---关联性数据
重点：changes in production and prices.
Report On Wheat Production and Prices
This report summarizes the changes in production and prices over a ten-year period from 1990 to 2000.
From the chart we can see there was a steady growth in wheat production over the given period. Starting off at around 0.8 million tones in 1990, the yearly output rose to almost 1.5 million tones five years later, and exceeded 2-million-tonne level in 2000.
The average price of wheat, on the other hand, fluctuated a bit over the same period. From around 1300 per tone in 1990, it shot up quickly in 1995, peaking at around 3000 per tone. However it dropped back to around 2000 per tone in 2000.
To conclude, it shows that the total output of wheat is not the sole factor deciding the trend of price.
特点：柱状图，趋势明显，数据少。比较简单。
3. 客户投诉与列车准时率与可靠性---关联数据
准时率、可靠性与顾客投诉。数据不多，可考虑逐年描写。
Report; XX train operator
This report summarizes the changes that took place in reliability, punctuality and the number of complaints received during a 12-week period, which was divided further into three sub-periods.
From the graph we can see about 97% of the timetabled trains were running during the first four weeks. The percentage rose to 100% from the fifth week onwards and remained stable for the rest of the periods studied.
Conversely, the punctuality percentage was declining consecutively over the given period. From 95% at the outset, it edged down in the two subsequent periods and hit the lowest at around 90% in the last three weeks.
The number of complaints per 100,000 passenger journeys remained stable at 200 in the first four weeks and even dropped slightly in the following period, probably owing to the rise of reliability. However, during the last 4 weeks, it went up again to an all time high at around 225.
To conclude, it is clear the punctuality has significant influence on the number of complaints received.
NOTE; 注意描写区间的词
For the rest of the periods studied/in question
In the two subsequent periods
In the following period.
4. 乘客收益与准时率---关联性数据
典型数据：revenue peak: 2n of 2006, on-time 骤降：2-3 quarters
Report on passenger revenue and on-time rate of trains of Cruiseline This graph describes changes of the passenger revenue and the on-time percentage of trains of Cuiseline over the period 2005 to 2006.
From the graph we can see the on-time percentage of trains remained relatively stale between 85% and 90% before the second quarter of 2006. Over the same period, the passenger revenue was on consecutive rise on the whole except a slight drop in the last quarter of 2005. Starting off at about 280 m, it climbed to a peak at 330 million by the second quarter of 2006.
However, as the on-time rate nose-dived precipitately to around 70% in the third quarter in 2006, the revenue dropped consistently from 330 m to 65 m, the largest decrease over the period in question. Although the punctuality rate rebounded gradually to 75% later, the revenue still kept declining and reached its two-year lowest at 65 m at the end of 2006.
It is concluded that the punctuality of trains has a significant effect on the passenger revenue.
Band 4 sample
Report: Cruseline train company
The graph shows the passenger revenue and the percentage of trains arriving on time during the years 2005 and 2006 of Cruseline train company.
Regarding the passenger revenue, during 2005 it started around 280 million in the first quarter, increased slowly to 300 million in the 3rd quarter and then fell to around 290 million at the end of the year. In 2006, the revenue increased steadily to 330 during the 2nd quarter followed by a sharp fall to around 225 at the end of 2006. The percentage of trains arriving on time stayed stable at around 88% during the 1st and 2nd quarter in 2005, then decreased to 85% in the 3rd quarter before recovering at round 87% at the end of 2005. Till the 2nd quarter in 2006 the percentage decreased steadily to 85% before falling rapidly to 68% and recovering to 75% at the end of 2006.
5. 供求关系-bar chart and line chart---关联性数据
Main point—relationship of supply and demand
横坐标—year 竖坐标，demand, and stock…
Report On supply and demand for palm oil over the period 1985 to 2006. This graph compares the amount of palm oil held in world stock over the years 1985 to 2006 with the demand.
From the graph we can see the total demand for palm oil was on consecutive rise on the whole over the period in question except a marginal fall during 98/99. Starting from 7.5 million tons in 1985, it grew significantly to 33 million tons during 05/06 period.
The ending stocks, on the other hand, witnessed a number of fluctuations over the
past twenty years when the supply outstripped the demand at all times with the largest margin coming between 2000 to 2001 at 3,000 tons. Then the difference kept decreasing year by year until the supply and demand growth curve finally overlapped from 2003.
It can be concluded that the palm oil supply outstripped the supply throughout the period in question but showed a tendency to grow consistently with each other after some rise and fall in between. .
NOTE: ending stock, 即每一年的年终库存结余。由此可知，整体来说是供大于求的，因为每年的ending stock高于supply，供求差异与00/01年间达到最高峰，之后逐年缩小，从03年开始达到供求平衡。
参考范文；
NOTE：注意找出图表变化的分水岭，对于ending stock，85—99是一个阶段，ending stock 一直相对稳定，在1700以下，但是99年以后开始大幅增长，到01/01年间增至顶峰，之后逐年下落，最终于demand重合。
6. 车辆保有量与人口增长bar chart and line chart
introduction
The graph shows that the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to 2020, relative to/相对于/ the growth of the world‘s population.
Growth in population
If we look at the growth in population, we can see there is a steady increase from 4.2 billion people n 1980 to 7.7 billion in 2020, with the most significant increase coming between 2000 to 2020. /总涨幅，最大增幅年/
Number of vehicles per 100 people
The number of vehicles per 100 people follows a similar trend, rising steadily over the same period. From ten cars per 100 people in 1980, it is projected to increase to sixteen in 2020. /总趋势，起始数据/
Conclusion
The dramatic consequence of these two developments when combined is t hat the total number of vehicles almost doubles in 40 years, a fact which is certain to have implications for energy resources and pollution in the future.
7. 温度与二氧化碳排放
NOTE: 范文中描写的数据
1.总增长，there was a steady rise in global temperature of 0.8 Degree F over…
2.典型浮动：with this general trend, there were many fluctuations. For example,
between… and…, /there were some variations to this general trend.
3.典型区间：from 1950 to 1990 (最大变化区间)/level off after 1970(分水岭)
8. 农业与制造业进出口及贸易平衡
Band 4 Sample
This report describes the movements of the balance of trade between 1991 and 2001, for a particular country, concerning manufacturing and agriculture. Manufacturing:
Imports increased constantl y during the period studied. The figure shows a rise of 4 billion within the whole period and no fluctuations are to be remarked.
Exports rose from nearly 3 billion in 1991 to approx. $7bn in 2001, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through.
In general, the balance of trade remained slightly positive through the period considered.
Agriculture
Imports increased slightly, ending the period around $1bn over their starting level （表总增长额的黄金句）. They suffered a temporary fall between 1992 and 1994, followed by a steady recovery. After peaking at around 2.5 bn in 1999, imports fell slightly to their final value.
Exports figure shows the same performance although at level 4bn higher than imports. 超级有用句。可省N多字。
Consequently, the balance of trend remained markedly positive throughout the period.
NOTE:注意范文的描写重点，和行文结构。
注意描写趋势的手法：见黑体部分。注意流畅性和主语的统一。
自己写的对趋势的描写太笼统，应学习范文对movement变化的把握。
不见得非要用总-分结构。内容太多时，可用小标题使结构更清晰。
行文结构：M：import, export, balance
A.import, export, balance // Conclude.
9. 工业与林业进出口量
Report on Imparts of Industry and Forestry for an European Country
This report describes the general situation in imports of industry and forestry for an European country in the two years 2007 and 2010.
Industry
Imports of industry did not vary much in 2007, fluctuating between 29 and 31 million tons throughout the four quarters while in 2010, they saw a consecutive rise from 30 million tons in the first quarter to 80 million tons at the end of the year. Forestry
By comparison, imports of forestry were much higher than that of industry during the both of the two years. In 2007, there was a steady rise in forestry imports from 50 million tons to 70 million tons with a slight fall in the second quarter. In 2010, the imports were even higher. Starting at around 70 million tons, they hit a peak at 80 million tons in the second quarter, followed by a steady fall to 60 million tons for the rest of the year.
In conclusion, imports of both the two have increased significantly during 2007 to 2010.
按年份写
2007
Imports of industry did not vary much in 2007, fluctuating between 29 to 31 million tons. Over the same year, imports of forestry were much higher, rising from 50 million tons to 70 million tons with a slight fall in the second quarter.
2010
In 2010, imports of both the two rose significantly. Industry saw a consecutive rise in imports from 30 million tons in the first quarter to 80 million tons at the end of 2010. Imports of forestry, on the other hand, saw some ups and downs. Starting at 70 million tons, they rose to a peak at 80 million tons in the second quarter followed by a steady fall to 60 million tons for the rest of the year.
10. 产品采购量
Report on purchase quantities of Rice
This table chart shows the purchase quantities of rice for each quarter of 2009 and 2010 of an European company.
The purchase quantities of rice in 2009 showed a trend of steady rise. Starting off at 100 million tons, they grew steadily for the three subsequent quarters, hitting a yearly peak at 130 million tons at the end of the year.
In 2010, the purchase quantities continued the upward trend, peaking at 160 million tons in the second quarter. In spite of a slight decline to 150 million tons in the third quarter, they regained the momentum quickly and soared again to 160 million tons at the end of the year.
The findings above indicate that the company is advancing during the given period.
II. Data and Compare
1. Data and Compare的报告目的在于compare, 会呈现一部分数据，但是都是以对比为目的。
2. 此类报告的写作重点为：split，difference, ratio, proportion等。常常需要用到表示对比的语言：
3. 对比的数据包括：不同产品/商店/公司盈利能力，年度表现环比、进出口量、产量等环比等。
1. 年度表现对比：包括不同指标（营业额等）对比，与年度环比
i. 公司年度表现 Report On Performance of XX Company
This report describes the performance of XX company over the period 2001-2003 by analyzing the turnover, unit sales and operating profit.
From the graph we can see there was a consecutive decrease in operating profit over the period studied. Starting off at 500 million in 2001, it plummeted by 20% to 400 in the following year, and then kept declining to around 350 million in 2003.
The turnover, on the other hand, remained relatively stable between 6100-6200 million during the same period. From 6200 million, it decreased slightly to 6100 in 2002, and recovered to 6200 again in 2003.
The unit sales showed a similar trend as turnover in the three years. In 2001, 10 million units were sold while in the following year, this number went down slightly to around 8.5. To our delight, it soared to a record high of 11 million in 2003,
From these figures we can see, there was a buoyant demand for the company‘s product from 2001 to 2003. However, the operating profit failed to grow consistently. Therefore, I recommend the company cut down on its costs to improve the profitability.
NOTE: 可逐年写，也可逐指标写。
ii. 公司股票与现金收益 bar + line : Main task; describe changes
按年份写：
Report On Stock and Earnings of XX Plc
This graph describes the changes in the stock value and earnings of XX plc. over the year 2009 to 2010.
2009
Taking the stock first, we can see there was a steady rise from 55million to 80million during the year 2009 with the largest increase coming between the 2nd and the 3rd quarter./总趋势，最大增幅区间/ Over the same period, the earnings of the company fluctuated greatly. Starting around 20 million in the first quarter, they rocketed to 90 million in the third quarter followed by a sharp fall to the starting level at the end of the year. /总趋势，细述/
2010
The stock performed very steadily in 2010, staying around 80 million throughout the year. The total profits were slightly higher than that of 2009. However, the quarterly profits showed a much steadier trend, remaining stable around 40 million
within the whole period. /总趋势/对比总趋势/
The trend of stock and earnings shows that the company was running well during the given period.
按指标写：年度对比性较强。
The graph shows the trend of the stock and earnings of an European company for each quarter of the two year period, 2009 to 2010.
Earnings:
In 2009, the company had a low start with a earning of just 20 million in the first quarter. However, the figure rose steadily in the second quarter and shot up to a two-year peak at 90 million in the third. In the fourth quarter, it fell back again to its starting level. By comparison, the company achieved a slightly higher total profit in 2010 with the quarterly earnings staying stable between40 and 50 million throughout the year.
Stock
The stock followed a similar trend to earnings. Starting at around 55million in the first quarter in 2009, the figure rose steadily, peaking at around 85 million at the end of the year. Then it dropped slightly to around 80 million at the beginning of 2010, and maintained this position for the rest the period.
The trend of stock and earnings indicated that the company is running well over the given period.
iii. 年度收益Report on earnings of PLC during 2009 to 2010
This chart shows the general changes in the earnings of XX plc over the years 2009 to 2010.
From the graph we can see the company did not have a very good start in 2009, with a earning of only 35 million dollars for the first quarter. Although the profits rose to a peak at 40 million dollars in the second quarter, they dropped back to the starting level again after two consecutive declining quarters.
By comparison, 2010 was a fantastic year with both much higher quarterly earnings and constant profit growth throughout the year. In the first quarter, the company achieved a profit of 40 million dollars, rising 11% year on year. Then the figure rose steadily in the following quarters, reaching a record of 60 million dollars at the end of the year.
From the changes of earnings of the two years, we can see the company is advancing during the given period.
iv. 销售量所占比例环比
Report on changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in Britain This report summarizes the changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in Britain between 1996 and 2001 by analyzing the data of a typical week.
The week in 1996.
From the graph we can see there was a steady rise in the daily sales of retailers from Monday to Friday, with the percentages growing from around 8% to a peak at 25%. Then the percentage declined slightly on Saturday before plummeting to a low below
5% at the end of the week.
The week in 2001
The percentage in 2001 showed a similar trend, although at a level 1% to 3% lower compared to 1996. However, Monday and Sunday were exceptions to this general trend, with the percentages exceeding that of 1996 by about 3% in the two days. From the data we can conclude that the percentage of sales made by retailers did not fluctuate much between 1996 and 2001.
2. 不同产品/公司的销售额/盈利能力对比
i. Line chart: 对比两个公司的年度表现；要求既有公司对比又有年份对比。
写作重点：对比利润。趋势，呈现，对比
Report On Profits of two sea subsidiaries in 2008 and 2010
The line charts shows the trends of profits of two sea food subsidiaries in Europe and Australia in 2008 and 2010.
2008
The Australian subsidiary did not have a very good start in 2008 with the first-quarter profit being slightly above 30 million. Although the figure rose gradually to around 38 million in the 2nd quarter, it declined steadily to the starting level in the two subsequent quarters. Over the same period, the European subsidiary performed much better, with the profits staying stable above 45 million throughout the year. /trend, 起点，最高点，终点 // 对比，trend/
2010 2010年是难点，既要横向对比，又要按时间纵向对比
The profits of Australian subsidiary in 2010 was similar to that of 2008, but fluctuated greatly. The first two quarters were quite unfruitful, with the quarterly profits standing at only 20 million. However, in the third quarter, they rocketed to a record around 85 million before falling back to 20 million again in the fourth quarter. By contrast, the profits of European subsidiary did not vary much. They showed the same performance as that of 2009, but at level 15 billion lower. /对比trend，起点，最高点，终点// 横向对比趋势，纵向对比数量/
In conclusion, the European subsidiary is a little vibrating while the Australian more stable.
vibrate[vi·brate || va?'bre?t]v.振动, 激动, 颤动; 使颤动, 使摆动, 使振动NOTE:
1.应尽量再简洁一些。
2. it experienced a rise in the second, then a decline to about 33 at the end of the year,[描写浮动的句子]
ii. bar chart三种不同产品两年来营业额对比
i. Report On Performance of Product A. B, C during 2009 to 2010
2009
Of the three products, A, B, and C, earnings of A had a steady growth in the first three quarters and a sharp rise to 60 million in the fourth quarter. Product B, on the other hand, achieved a similar total profit but performed much more steadily with
the quarterly earnings ranging from 30 million to 35 million.By comparison, product C was the most profitable with the earning staying above 40million throughout the four quarters.
2010
In 2010, product A had an excellent start but the profits fell gradually for the rest of the year. Over the same period, earnings of product B fluctuated greatly. They plummeted to 10 billion in the second quarter, recovered to 30 million in the third quarter, but dropped back to 20 billion at the end of the year. Profits of Product C still showed a very steady trend this year, but at level 20 billion lower than 2009. To conclude, yearly profit of product A increased over the given period while profits from product B and C decreased greatly.
iii. bar chart 三个outlets营业额对比
重点；在于数据的比较。要对比营业额最高的店和最低的店。同时简单描述数据的大趋势，但不作为重点。
Report on turnover for three types of outlets of XX company.
The graphs shows the turnover for three types of outlets of XX company over a three-year period from 2000 to 2002.
The supermarkets was in a position of unrivaled dominance in terms of both turnover and growth. Starting off at around 65 million in 2000, the turnover was increasing consecutively in the following two years, and peaked at 80 million in 2002, which was also the a sales record of all the three types.
The small shops, however, proved the most unprofitable over the same period. From 30 million, its turnover dropped significantly to 20 million in 2001 and rebounded a bit to 25 million in 2002.
The turnover of department stores took the middle place of the three. Remaining relatively satisfactory at 50 million in 2001, it witnessed a sharp fall to 35 million in 2001 and maintained this position throughout 2002.
To conclude, it is clear that the supermarkets is the most profitable outlet of XX company during the period studied.
iv. bar chart 三个不同产品销售额所占比例对比
重点：compare the contributions of the three products to turnover in the three years. 分析：可按年份写，也可以按产品写。
Report On the Contributions of Three Products of XX Company
This report sets out to compare the contributions of the three products---washing machine, cookers and heaters of XX company over the years 2000 to 2002. Washing machines
Wash machines, the most profitable product of the three, contributed 30% to the company‘s turnover in 2000. The percentage rose constantly in the following two years, peaking at 34% in 2002.
Cookers
Turnover from cookers took the second place throughout the three years. The
percentage contributed by cookers remained relatively stable at 22% over the given period except a slight fall to 20% in 2001.
Heaters
In contrast to washing machines, heaters contributed least. It was also the only product area whose turnover was on consecutive decline over the period in question. In 2000, the turnover from heaters only accounted 16% of the company‘s total revenue. The figure declined slightly to 14% in 2001 but plummeted by 50% in 2002 to around 7%.
To conclude, the washing machines are the strongest product of XX company and heaters the weakest.
NOTE: 可以适当加强对比性，整体来说不错。
Band 5 Sample
The chart shows how much of the turnover of a certain company was contributed by each of its three main product areas over the years 2000 to 2002.
Generally speaking, washing machines are the strongest and heaters the weakest of the three products. This basic difference between the two became even more pronounced in this three year period with the contribution of washing machines to the company‘s turnover rising from 30% in 2000 to 24% in 2002, while the share which the heaters contributed dropped from sixteen percent in 2000 to seven percent in 2002. The contribution of the third product—cookers—remained relatively steady during this period. It dropped slightly from 22% to 20% in 2001, but recovered again in 2002.
V．三个产品盈利能力对比
Report On Changes in Profit or loss made on three new products
This report outlines the changes that occurred in the profit or loss made on the products A,B and C over a ten-month period from Feb, 2000 and the end of the year. Profits from Product A grew steadily to around 7500 from Feb to Aug. Then they declined slightly to 7000 in Oct and plummeted to 3000 at the end of the year. The profits of product B rose consecutively, peaking at 6000 at the end of the period. The largest increase came between Jun and Aug, where the profits doubled from 2000 to 4000.
In contrast, Product C did not generate any profit over the same period with the profits staying relatively stable at 0 on the whole. Although it achieved a profit of 1000 during Jun and Aug, the earning was offset quickly by an equivalent loss in the next two months.
Consequently, we can conclude that the product B was the most stable product whereas the product C is the weakest.
vi. Bar char + Pie chart三个工厂季度盈利及员工分布对比
注意大趋势的描写。重点在于盈利情况的比较/季度、增幅、总利润等。
题目要求：trends of profit and number of employees in each factory.
难点：两个图表如何结合起来写。
Band 5 sample
This report outlines the development of profits in three plants, in London, Leeds and Bristol, in 2003 and describes the staffing situation in each plant.
Bristol, the company‘s largest factory①, employed 600 people and reached profits of 12 million in the first quarter of 2003. The profits declined steadily, dropping to 9 million in the last quarter②.
The factory in Leeds had a workforce of 350 people. This made it the company‘s second largest plant. Profits remained almost unchanged at 8 million. In the third quarter, however, they reached a low at 7.5 million.
The London factory‘s workforce comprised 150 people. Profits did not vary much and remained just over 3 million. Nevertheless, they peaked in the second quarter with earning exceeding 4 million level③. 突破4百万大关
Words:
Plant
staffing situation
reach profits of XX
reach a low at…
with a workforce of XX people, the workforce comprised XX people. NOTE:
注意语言的简洁明了和表达的多样性。
使用简短明了的语法结构，如同位语见①，分词结构②，或独立主格结构③，少使用长句或从句。
注意profit的单复数，在表示变化时，eg profits did not vary much. 指的是4个季度的profit所以要用复数，后面用they代之。
vii. Line Chart：两个产品销量对比，则可以按照split的变化为线索写。
Report On Average Sales of Summer and Winter Clothing
The report compares the average sales volumes of clothing in summer and winter. 2. From the chart we can see average sales volumes of both the two seasons experienced sharp rise and fall over the five-year period. However, the split between the two varied a lot in different periods. /总起句，大趋势，点出split/
Sales volume of summer clothing started at around 30,000 in 2005, 15,000 lower than that of winner clothing./起点/ However, the split narrowed gradually during 2005 to 2006 until the two figures overlapped at 35,000. /分区1-重合点/
By the beginning of 2006, the sales volume of summer clothing reached a peak at 40,000 pieces, outnumbering the winner‘s by more than 15,000./分区2—最高点，最低点/
Then the sales volumes of the two went increasingly closer before overlapping again at 35,000 in the first half of 2007 /分区3—重合点2/.
For the rest of the period, sales volumes of both of the two seasons stayed stable between 30 and 35, with the winter clothing exceeding the summer all the time by a steadily rising margin. /分区4 level off/
In conclusion, the clothing sales of the two seasons fluctuated greatly during 2005 to 2006, but showed a tendency to stabilize after 2007. /总结句，呼应开头，总结总趋势/
NOTE: 注意对比数据的句子：
(1)使用同位语结构：XXX started at around XX , XX lower/higher/more than …
(2)使用分词结构：the xx reached a peak at , outnumbering/exceeding the XX byXX.
(3)独立主格结构：The XX stayed stable between xx and xx, with A exceeding B all the time by a steadily rising margin.
(4)表示差距：split, difference, margin, gap
(5)差距增大/缩小：narrow, ever-enlarging(不段扩大), decrease, increase.
本文结构：总—分—总；总起句，按split变化划分分区，总结
2. 如果题目要求summarize changes就比较简单，分别呈现各自数据，稍加对比即可。Of the sales of clothing in two seasons, the summer clothing had a rise and went down slowly while the winter one had a sharp decline and then rose gradually. 开篇的点题句，对比和总结了两个季节服饰的典型趋势。继而分开叙述。
Summer clothing
Starting at around 30,000 pieces at the beginning of 2005, sales volume of summer clothing went up steadily throughout the year, peaking at 40,000 pieces in 2006. Then the figure started to decline consecutively, dropping back to its starting level at 30,000 in 2010.
Winner clothing
Winner clothing achieved an excellent sales volumes of 45,000 pieces at the beginning of 2005. However, the figure slid sharply then, reaching the lowest at around 23,000 in 2006. Then it rebounded and rose to 30,000 during the first half of 2007 and maintained this upward trend for the rest of the period.
In conclusion…. 这样写层次比较清楚，也比较容易，但是对比感不强。
III. Distribution 分布
描写数据分布的report一般为pie chart，主要叙述和对比各部分比例，常用总分--小总分—总结构。一般包括预算支出比例、年龄、性别分布、调查反馈意见比例等。经常会用到倍数关系、分数关系等。需要熟练掌握叙述比例的词和句子。
1.性别、年龄分布
Report on Distribution of male and female managers in different age groups The report analyses the numbers of male and female managers in different age groups in Star World. The company employs almost an equal number of executives of both sexes. However, there are remarkable differences depending on the age range considered. 【中心句】
Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the ratio is 42 to just 10, the first representing the number of women and the latter, men. Nevertheless, in the age range above 40, male executives are in majority. Although in group 40 to 49 the split is slight [29 male executives to 28 female], amongst older managers men starkly dominate. The difference reaches 20 in range 50 to 59, with 39 male directors and 19 female directors. It decreases half in group 60 to 69, where 10 women hold top position in comparison to 21 men. Yet in the last age group, 70 to 79, female executives are absent. It solely consists of 4 male managers. NOTE;
1．本文以male和female的dominate为中心，以difference between the two numbers 为主线，将每组的数据自然的串联起来。同时将分组的分布叙述的很清楚。词汇和语句多变。
2. 对executives进行了多样化的说法，包括managers, hold the top position, in the upper echelon, reach the top management level等。Female 和male也可以用women 和men简化处理。
3.注意对比两项数字时的语言；
4. 注意上下文的连贯和逻辑。从finding里找出叙事的主线为；从where the ratio is…开始，到although the split is slight in…, 到the difference reaches …in …,到it decreases half in…. 最后到Yet in…. XXX is absent, 内容十分连贯，主线明确。
2. 出口量比例对比
Report on Grains export in Europe and North America
This report aims to show the differences in exports of wheat, corn and soy between Europe and America
Firstly, wheat exports in Europe take up the largest proportion of the three grains, accounting for 60% of the total grain exports. This percentage is twice as much as that in America where the wheat exports represent only 30%.
Moreover, corn exports of the two continents are quite different, taking up 20% of the grain exports in Europe compared to 60% in America.
By comparison, the split of soy exports between the two regions is much smaller as in Europe soy contributes 20% to the total grain exports while in America, it contributes 10%.
In conclusion, we can see clearly that Europe exports more wheat while North America is famous for corn exports.