WORD PRETEST
Word pretest
Unit 1
What is your assessment of this state of affairs?
A. evaluation
B. prediction
C. position
He teaches a remedial class for first-graders.
A. elementary
B. advanced
C. helping
We received a lift from his speech.
A. message
B. encouragement
C. disappointment
The ability to speak several languages was among his attainments.
A. merits
B. achievements
C. virtues
He drove at a constant speed.
A. unchanging
B. various
C. great
We made plans for a visit, but subsequent difficulties with the car prevented it.
A. unexpected
B. continuous
C. later
The prospective member of Parliament for our town will be introduced to the local party tonight.
A. ambitious
B. promising
C. expected
I didn’t know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite arbitrary.
A. based on facts
B. based on reason
C. based on chance or personal opinion
Unit 2
The camera panned from her face to a middle-aged man.
A. turned off
B. fixed
C. was moved
The candle flickered in the breeze.
A. shined brightly
B. shined steadily
C. shined unsteadily
The message extinguished her hopes of Richard’s return.
A. raised
B. destroyed
C. questioned
The explosion sent the aircraft plummeting towards the sea.
A. falling headlong
B. shooting upward
C. flying quickly
The gang tried to intimidate the merchant.
A. encourage
B. frighten
C. catch
The author’s latest book eclipses all his previous ones.
A. displays
B. casts a shadow upon
C. surpasses
It is 250 years since the wolf became extinct in Britain.
A. still living
B. no longer in existence
C. not easily found
The stern old faiths have all pulverized.
A. become stronger
B. been shattered
C. been crushed
By some fluke the judges passed over the obvious choices and chose her.
A. success
B. accident
C. breeze
The blizzard brought 60-mile-an-hour winds and 2 feet of snow.
A. wind
B. earthquake
C. snowstorm
The widow gave a plaintive wail at the grave side.
A. sad
B. hysteric
C. lonely
Those who left for reasons other than a well-founded fear of persecution were designated for repatriation.
A. punishment
B. imprisonment
C. sending back to their own country
We mustn’t let things fester.
A. remain the same
B. change for the better
C. become worse
He sought asylum in Brazil.
A. mental hospital
B. protection given to a person by his home country
C. protection given to a person by one country from arrest in another
He has been an exile for fifteen years.
A. a person who has been living abroad
B. a person who has been involved in political activities
C. a person who has been forced to leave his home country for political reasons
Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances.
A. adapts himself to
B. finds a lodging in
C. makes a close study of
He gave her a gold brooch as a token of esteem.
A. an expression
B. a gift
C. a badge
The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt.
A. aid
B. block
C. way
The country is now undergoing economic rehabilitation.
A. reform
B. crisis
C. recovery
Unit 4
Galilee had been under siege for months.
A. imprisonment
B. surrounding and attacking
C. pressure
Puffs of smoke were swirling up.
A. moving back and forth
B. moving round and round
C. moving to and fro
The university conferred an honorary degree on him.
A. created
B. gave
C. received
We fought with tooth and nail to get our plans accepted.
A. teeth and fists
B. great force or determination
C. biting and hitting
How could they have justified all the violence unleashed on the prisoners?
A. released
B. used
C. controlled
The assistant coveted the boss’s job.
A. desired
B. refused
C. did
Both sides offered statistics to bolster their arguments.
A. weaken
B. present
C. support
He finally succumbed to the temptation to have another drink.
A. gave up
B. gave in
C. gave out
Marx spoke of emancipation of mankind.
A. struggle
B. revolution
C. liberation
Personally, I do not have any animosity against him.
A. hatred
B. hospitality
C. sympathy
His voice is imbued with so much enthusiasm that we all get moved.
A. infected
B. embedded
C. filled
Modernization helps countries to transcend the political and economic boundaries.
A. abolish
B. ignore
C. go beyond
This kind of plants is indigenous, and cannot be found in other areas.
A. new
B. local
C. fragile
Neighboring countries usually form various kinds of blocs to strengthen their political and economic links.
A. blocks
B. alliances
C. treaties
Only one country refuses to be a participant of the entity.
A. illusion
B. program
C. being
Good communicative skills are considered to be a prerequisite to get adapted to this job.
A. qualification
B. precondition
C. strength
The honor will give you further impetus to surmount whatever difficulty you may encounter in your pursuit.
A. force
B. motivation
C. speed
Unit 6
I don’t want to get married because I don’t want any commitments.
A. responsibilities
B. housework
C. worries
Against all the odds he recovered from his illness.
A. probability
B. strangeness
C. expectations
Anti-Semitism refers to hatred of ________.
A. Christians
B. Muslims
C. Jews
Of the ten board members, only one dissented.
A. disagreed
B. agreed
C. refused
Jack underwent three successive operations on the leg in two weeks.
A. happening now and then
B. happening one after another
C. successful
“Honesty is the best policy” was his creed in all his business dealings.
A. slogan
B. way
C. belief
The passage across Belfast was very rough.
A. corridor
B. journey
C. excerpt
I admire their enterprise in trying to start up a new business.
A. entertainment
B. company
C. boldness
We are fighting to retain some independence.
A. get
B. keep
C. win
Unit 7
Crossing the country in wagons did not daunt the early pioneers.
A. encourage
B. confuse
C. frighten
The mountain climbers were in imminent danger.
A. immense
B. immediate
C. future
She speaks with a pronounced French accent.
A. strongly marked
B. thinly disguised
C. surprisingly strange
No model can ever be a perfect analogue of nature itself.
A. something that is different from another thing
B. something that is similar to another thing
C. something that is better than another thing
The success of the operation attests the surgeon’s skill.
A. proves
B. denies
C. assesses
There are only three extant copies of the book.
A. extinct
B. precious
C. existing
The book is out of print and difficult to procure.
A. keep
B. sell
C. obtain
The spectre of neo fascism, as he put it, was stalking the streets of Sophia and other big cities.
A. moving silently through
B. blocking completely
C. marching noisily on The war caused great detriment to the nation’s economy.
A. damage
B. improvement
C. change
The fog dissipated when the sun came out.
A. formed
B. disappeared
C. wasted
Unit 8
They have been overcoming difficulties since the inception of the enterprise.
A. conception
B. formation
C. birth
The main plank in their election programme is the promise to cut taxes.
A. plan
B. policy
C. wooden board
An irrevocable decision was finally made by the committee.
A. unalterable
B. inevitable
C. changeable
The smuggled goods were confiscated by the customs authorities.
A. collected
B. seized
C. received
They were guilty of barbarous atrocities.
A. actions
B. cruelties
C. instances
I made what I thought was a perfect innocuous remark and he got most upset.
A. casual
B. harmless
C. hurting
When the soldiers act in defiance of orders, they will be severely punished.
A. defence
B. disobedience
C. violation
She couldn’t f athom why McCurry was causing such a scene.
A. measure
B. understand
C. believe
He is under the delusion that he can beat his opponent.
A. opinion
B. false impression
C. belief
Chalk and cheese are disparate substances.
A. similar
B. different
C. relevant
Unit 9
Her nervous behavior testifies to her guilt.
A. denies
B. shows
C. contradicts
He rectified the earlier judgment.
A. changed
B. modified
C. corrected
Don’t compound your mistake by lying to the police.
A. exacerbate
B. simplify
C. repeat
Their attempt to recapture Calais was foiled by a traitor.
A. discovered
B. thwarted
C. helped
The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 供选择的
A. decision
B. option
C. action
The government has taken action to restrain inflation.
A. stop
B. solve
C. control
He sits on the consultative committee.
A. budget
B. public relations
C. advisory
They are making efforts to improve the bilateral relations.
A. affecting one party
B. affecting two parties
C. affecting three parties
IDIOMS
a. burns the midnight oil
b. hits the books.
c. does back-breaking work
d. works like a dog
e. falls down on the job
f. works her fingers to the bone
He _________In other words, he studies hard.
Jane________. In other words, she studies very late at night.
Mike________. In other words, he fails to do well.
Sally__________. In other words, she studies in a serious way.
He__________. In other words, he does very difficult physical work.
Tom_________. In other words, he works hard and seriously.
a. is a breeze
b. has a green thumb
c. is easy as pie
d. has a golden touch
e. has two left feet
f. has a nose for something
Ann’s garden is beautiful. She can make anything grow. Her friend says she____________. Understanding geometry is no problem for Frank. He thinks it__________.
Henry cannot dance very well at all. He is always tripping over his partner. Henry________.
Jan made her first million dollars when she was only nineteen. People say she_________.
Bruce is a good newspaper reporter. He always seems to know where to go for the news. He ________a good story.
Mary is very good at standing on her head. For her, it________.
a. down to earth
b. thinks himself is the God’s gift to mankind.
c. show off
d. put someone in someone’s place
e. put on airs
f. blowing one’s own horn.
You can depend on Ann. She is very_________.
Stop________. You’re just human like the rest of us.
Carl__________. Whenever he his with others, he stars to sing. I am tired of listening to Carl. Andy ___________He came in first, and makes sure that everybody knows it.
The headmaster used his authority to ___all the boys________.
Tom is always ________Is he really as good as he say he is?
a. buried the hatchet
b. button her lips
c. flows with the tie
d. held his tongue
e. let sleeping dogs lie.
f. mind his own business
g. rocks the boat. h. see eye to eye.
It is a good thing Jim_______. If he had talked back, the police officer might have given him a ticket.
Paul and his wife ______Whatever Paul wants to do, his wife does too.
Jan told Steve to___. He had been telling her how to do her job and she did not want his help. Everyone had agreed to spend the day at the beach. Then John changed his mind and said he wanted to go to the mountains. John _______
Sam and Bill____. After fighting for weeks, they agreed to stop.
Bill did not like what his friends had decided to do, but he went along with it anyway. He_____. Sally’s teacher told her to_______. She was so noisy that she was disturbing the class.
Barb did not tell her mother that she had broken her mother’s favorite vase. Instead, she bought a new one. She thought it was better to __________
a. faces up to
b. points his finger at
c. left us high and dry
d. will shoulder the responsibility
e. passes the buck
f. worn out of
Polly________. She agreed to be our treasurer, and then she suddenly resigned with nobody to replace her.
Pat always_____ things. She never tries to avoid what is unpleasant.
Jack always_________. He always blames someone else when things go wrong.
Mary________. You can always depend on her.
Paul is trying to _______it. He said he would do it, and now he says he cannot because he has too many other thongs to do.
Tom always _________someone else. He never takes the blame for anything he does.
a. all or nothing
b. meet people halfway
c. give-and-take
d. middle-of-the-road
e. sticks to her guns
f. find middle ground
Lynn is willing to_________. She feels that if people do not give a little on their position, nothing will ever get done. She does not think people should be so stubborn that they refuse to change their minds.
With Mike it is_______. If he cannot have everything he wants in the way that he wants it, he would rather not have it at all.
Florence likes to_______. She feels it is important to make decisions that everybody can accept. She will give up part of what she wants for the sake of reaching an agreement.
Ellen_______. She will not listen to people who say she is wrong. No matter how much others try to get her to see their point of view, once she has formed an opinion, she holds on to it.
Allan is a ________man. He can always see the worth of both sides of the argument. He feels that the best decisions are always between the two opposite points of view.
Henry is for______. He feels that in order to reach an agreement, people have to give up part of what they want. He thinks that if people do that, everybody will benefit.
a. go through with
b. I hang in there
c. give up
d. stick with
e. sweat out
Even though things get hard, d on’t_______.
We decided to __________the new highway.
I know if__________, things will come out okay.
I’ll________ my ideas whether you like them or not.
I had to wait for her in the reception area. It was a long wait, but I managed to____ it ____.
a. is a copycat
b. cut the apron strings
c. is a yes-man
d. has a mind of her own
e. on her own
f. lead her by the nose
g. stand on her own two feet
Cindy is ______now. She has graduated from college, got a job, and is supporting herself
Mary_______. Whatever Cheri does, she does.
Betty lets Bob________. She does whatever Bob wants her to do.
Rob finally________. He moved away from home into his own apartment.
Frank_______. He always does what his boss tells him to, even if he thinks it is a bad idea. Barbara_______. She does what she feels is best, even if her friends do not agree with her.
Dave has learned to_______. He makes all of his decisions now.
a. was as cool as a cucumber
b. went to pieces
c. was tough as nails
d. hold his head up
e. keep your chin up
f. felt apart
g. pulled herself together
When other children made fun of Annie because her dress was torn, she_______.
When Mrs. Skelley heard that her son was in a bad automobile accident, she______.
Just _________and tell the judge exactly what happened.
Even though Mr. Kidder was very much in debt, he tried to ________in public.
Although the crowd disliked his speech and called him names, Senator Thompson______.
When Mrs. Smith was fired from a job she had had for twenty-five years, she______.
After Franny was attacked on the street and her pocketbook was stolen, she _______and went to the police.
a. was hot-headed anyway
b. blew up
c. counted to ten
d. gritted his teeth
e. reached the boiling point
f. held her temper
Stanley________. He slammed the door in Paul’s face.
Cindy______. She called Paul all sorts of names.
Carl_________. When he saw Paul, he tried to be friendly.
Becky___. The others could not understand why she did not tell Paul what she thought of him. Helen, who________, told Paul she never wanted to see him again.
When Margie saw Paul, she________. Afterward, she was not quite so angry.
a. was cool towards me
b. icy stare
c. gave me the cold shoulder
d. turns his nose up at
e. turns her back
f. welcome us with open arms
Margaret’s _____could freeze a polar bear.
She ______when I asked her to the party.
Sally introduced her new boyfriend to me at a party. I shook hands with him , and tried to make conversation, but he ________and didn’t seem interested in talking to me.
I’m sure they wanted us to stay for dinner. They_______.
You r at a party and see a classmate. You wave to him across the room, but he ____ you and does not wave back.
Sandy ______just about everyone.
a. is a loner
b. brainstorms
c. joined forces
d. pools her resources
e. goes it alone
f. put heads together
g. lend me a hand h. two heads are better than one
If Dick______, it means that he avoids the company of others and prefers to work by himself. Sandy and Alice decided to study together because_______.
If Jane ______with Al, it means she confers with him to solve a problem.
If Larry________, it means he leaves others in order to do sth by himself.
If Ken and Gene_______, it means they work as a team to solve problem.
We ______with the police to search for the lost child.
If Karen ________with others, it means she combines her strengths with them.
Could you _________with this piano?
a. be hard-hearted
b. be tight-fisted
c. be warn-hearted
d. go to bat for someone
e. has a heart
f. has heart of gold
g. has a heart of stone
Someone who ________ is unfeeling.
Someone who ________another helps that person in time of trouble of need.
Someone who ________is generous and sympathetic.
Someone who ________is generous and giving.
Someone who ________is pitiless and unfeeling.
Someone who ________is reluctant to give or spend money.
Someone who ________is loving and considerate.
a. be down in the dumps
b. feel blue
c. be in seventh heaven
d. be on top of the work
e. be on cloud nine
f. walk on the air
g. be out of sorts h. is ticked pink
Steve was accepted at all the universities he applied to. He______.
Jan failed her math exam. She_______.
Bob’s parents gave him a trip to Europe for a graduation pr esent. He______.
Sue does not feel well today. She________.
Karen likes her new car very much. In face, she ______with it.
John lost his dog the other day. He______.
Gene found the traveler’s checks he had lost. He_______.
Mary came in first in a ten-mile race. She________.
GENERAL VOCABULARY EXERCISE
The candidates who wish to __________ from the examination must notify the secretary immediately.
A. resign
B. remove
C. suspend
D. withdraw
Gradually the balloon ____________ out and rose into the air.
A. swelled
B. expanded
C. stretched
D. enlarged
When you take medicine, be careful not to ___________ that amount printed on the bottle.
A. exceed
B. substitute
C. surpass
D. overcome
The current political ___________ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.
A. weather
B. climate
C. temperature
D. state
Our spokesman has ___________our position on this question.
A. verified
B. certified
C. testified
D. clarified
A teacher should give attention to each ___________ student in his class.
A. personal
B. private
C. own
D. individual
The population of Hong Kong is ___________ Chinese.
A. popularly
B. regularly
C. commonly
D. predominantly
Children feel that their parents do not give enough ___________ to the problems of young people.
A. consent
B. appeal
C. affection
D. recognition
He wears a red hat to make himself ___________ so as to arrest the driver’s attention.
A. conspicuous
B. subconscious
C. ambiguous
Anything you say will be ___________ and maybe used in evidence.
A. taken down
B. taken off
C. taken at
D. taken away
A helicopter is a very convenient means of transportation. It is able to ______ and land vertically.
A. take away
B. take off
C. take up
D. take down
I cannot lend you any money because I still ___________ one hundred dollars on that car.
A. charge
B. owe
C. own
D. loan
The income from the estate probably ___________ about $8,000 a year.
A. amounted to
B. amounted
C. added to
D. added up
She ___________ her homework immediately after breakfast.
A. set aside
B. set off
C. set back
D. set about
I cannot ___________ myself that she has already left.
A. remind
B. convince
C. confirm
D. convict
They talked about their business ___________ a cup of tea.
A. with
B. for
C. at
D. over
The old man’s ruddy complexion gave an ___________ of good health.
A. idea
B. fancy
C. imagination
D. illusion
The cold drink ___________ him after the long hours of hard work.
A. reduced
B. refreshed
C. released
D. recovered
When he entered the room, he found that newspapers and magazines were ___________ all over the floor.
A. separated
B. splashed
C. spread
D. scattered
People usually judge a man by the ___________ he keeps.
A. company
B. companion
C. companies
D. companionship
The__________ of marijuana does not prevent many people from using it. (legal)
He worked _________ to perfect his technical and improvisational skills. (ambition) Unfortunately, such _________ practices often go unnoticed. (discriminate)
Henry Ford was a _________ individual who built one of America’s lar gest industries. (persist) Because of this low __________ to cold, they can be seriously damaged when temperatures drop below freezing. (resistant)
_____________ in the water and air can create serious health hazards. (contaminate)
He was surprised to disc over that his driver’s license was _________ it had expired the previous week. (valid)
The water around the islands is _____________ clear, giving underwater swimmers a great view of fish and rock formations. (fantasy)
The space program has strict requirements for its astronauts, __________ that they be in excellent physical and mental health. (specify)
Walt Disney’s movies and cartoons _______ children and grown-ups since 1926. (amusement) The disappearance is so sudden as to seem _____________. (magic)
His parents were kept _________ of the fact that he failed in the examination. (ignorance)
You’ll have to learn to make difficult decisions if you are to _________ in business. (survival) Lewis and Clark __________ the Northwest. (exploration)
The gang tried to ___________ the merchant. (timid)
The package is light but it’s too ___________ to carry. (bulk)
Devout Muslims must make a ___________ to Mecca. (pilgrim)
I saw a ____________ of lights on a hillside, marking a village. (galactic)
His brain operation caused a great ____________ in his character. (transfor)
The Prime Minister’s policy ____________ many backbenchers. (alien)
_____________ your instruction, I would never have known how to go about the work.
A. If not for
B. Unless
C. Except
D. But for
On hearing the bad news, she began _____________ so loudly that her heart seemed to have broken.
A. weeping
B. sobbing
C. chuckling
D. crying
You must not be _____________ at feeling the difficulties.
A. put out
B. put away
C. put for
D. put up
Be quiet _____________ you should wake the baby.
A. so that
B. in case
C. providing that
D. in order that People who talk and sing _____________ plants are not crazy, in fact, it makes them grow better, according to Arnold Braymar, a government agriculture expert.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. against
He was so _____________ on his work that he didn’t hear his wife come in.
A. intent
B. absorbed
C. involved
D. devoted
Miraculously, they _____________ the bombing.
A. survived
B. existed
C. conquered
D. overcame
Adventurism and deceit _____________ their foreign policy in those days.
A. took up
B. made up
C. consisted
D. in order that
He eats much but _____________ lean.
A. keeps
B. remains
C. holds
D. gets
On Sundays his landlady provided dinner _____________ breakfast.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. also
D. together with You were permitted into the hall for the film, _____________ you sat at the back.
A. unless
B. provided
C. though
D. suppose
I know her _____________, but I have never spoken to her.
A. for sight
B. in sight
C. on sight
D. by sight
I underwent an operation _____________ an early recovery.
A. in hopes of
B. in the hopes of
C. in hope of
D. with the hope of
I can’t help you. You _____________ this _____________ yourself.
A. brought…forward
B. brought…on
C. brought…about
D. brought…up
We watched the football match on _____________ television.
A. live
B. lively
C. livingly
D. alive
My mother _____________ to cigar smoking.
A. reacts
B. responds
C. objects
D. admits Travelers had better get their reservations well _____________ if they want to fly during the Christmas holidays.
A. in advance
B. in hand
C. in place
D. in case
She is so _____________ that no one can please her.
A. particular
B. specified
C. especial
D. typical
The Red Cross _____________ food and clothing to the victims of the flood in time.
A. gave off
B. gave back
C. gave up
D. gave out
I can’t _____________ that noise.
A. sustain
B. survive
C. restrain
D. tolerate
The Indians burned the farm as a ____________ gesture. (retaliation)
Most people have a ____________ knowledge of some other language. (rudiment)
I wouldn’t be so presumptuous ____________ as to tell you what to do. (presumption)
The road map completely __________ the tourists. (perplexity)
He _________ his eyes from the terrible sight. (aversion)
The analyst’s ___________ later proved to be very accurate. (conjectural)
Alexander Pope was a great English _________. (satirical)
The fans shouted___________ when the team won the game. (boisterous)
Most national parks have an __________ of wild life. (abound)
The actors forgot their lines and ___________ the scene. (improvisation)
The state also has a wealth of ___________ minerals. (vary)
It is the _________ of many foreign tourists to see all the national parks in the West. (intend)
The ________ plan would improve the quality of air in the foothills of the Rockies. (proposal) The present size of these lakes is much smaller than their _________ size. (origin)
The challenge of taming a wild horse and roping a cow _____ the basis of the rodeo.(creation) The committee is ________ revision of the draft laws. (advocate)
He is conservative about clothing and shuns anything considered _________. (trend)
It was a ___________ start in a new field. (promise)
The doctor is in __________ with a patient. (consult)
It is _________ of him to show us around his beautiful home. (grace)
He is pleading with us to _____________ him.
A. provide
B. persist
C. insist
D. assist
It can be very profitable to _____________ the waste left by the factory.
A. explore
B. exploit
C. expose
D. exhaust
Internet technology will _____________ tremendous changes in all fields.
A. bring around
B. bring out
C. bring about
D. bring up
The _____________ structure of the book is outlined in the next paragraph.
A. generous
B. particular
C. overall
D. considerable
At present, we cannot find any _____________ evidence to accuse him guilty.
A. smooth
B. hard
C. firm
D. indefinite
My plants always look brown. Maybe they are too _____________ to the sunshine.
A. sensitive
B. sensational
C. sensible
D. sentimental
Adolescence is a period of _____________ from child to adult.
A. transmission
B. transition
C. transaction
D. transplantation
Mr. Smith just accepted a speaking ____________ in another school. He will not be able to come to the party.
A. engagement
B. interaction
C. affection
D. communication
The company will take half of the rest is at his _____________.
A. dismissal
B. disposal
C. use
D. usage
I was almost about to _____________ a match before I realized the danger.
A. rub
B. strike
C. scrape
D. hit
In the Navajo household, grandparents and other relatives play _____________ roles in raising children.
A. strong
B. exemplary
C. indispensable
D. demanding
The walnut is a deciduous tree that _____________ valuable nuts.
A. enriches
B. yields
C. replaces
D. hides Embroidery _____________ scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century.
A. distorting
B. commemorating
C. depicting
D. emphasizing
The Ford Foundation is o ne of the world’s wealthiest _____________ organizations.
A. profligate
B. government
C. philanthropic
D. multinational
Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their _____________.
A. nationality
B. destination
C. cargo
D. allowance
Every _____________ of a symphony orchestra’s performance is the responsibility of the conductor.
A. note
B. chord
C. facet
D. movement
Although many people had long regarded the “Star-Spangled Banner” as the national _____________, it was not officially designated as such until 1916.
A. anthem
B. subject
C. slogan
D. symbol
The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as _____________ increases.
A. ventilation
B. pressure
C. elevation
D. humidity
The victory of the match _____________ the cooperation of the players, instead of individual show-off.
A. consists of
B. persists in
C. hinges on
D. relates to
He remains _____________ about the results of the examination, and feels reluctant to accept it.
A. confident
B. skeptical
C. surprised
D. sensational
Unit 6
Taking the subway in Boston can be a _________ experience. (frustrate)
It is no ________ to say that New Hampshire’s lakes and st reams are filled with big fish.(exaggerate)
Benjamin Franklin was an ________ scientist, inventor, writer, and statesman. (inspiration)
An __________ student may receive a scholarship to one of New England’s prestigious universities. (industry)
They _________ for a short time about the advantages of living in Los Angels. (conversational) Lisa dressed __________ for the long drive from Boston to Bangor. (comforting)
Sandals, for example, are definitely __________ for the rough trails. (appropriately)
_________scientists come from all over the world to do research at the various institutes.(distinguish)
Thanksgiving is a __________ holiday in New England and in the rest of the United States.(traditionally)
The brochure also __________ illustrated the different models in a diagram. (description)
The American colonies regarded George III as a __________. (tyranny)
The ___________ of her answer made me suspicious. (certain)
The Pilgrims came to America after being _________ for their religious beliefs. (persecution) She ________ the goal of perfection in her art. (pursuit)
The town was surrounded by _________ troops. (hostility)
There is no way to stop the _________ of time. (fly)
The _________ it would take to improvise a rope bridge across the chasm is enormous. (laborious)
Everywhere was in ________ and disorder. (chaotic)
There have been an __________ number of rainy days this year. (except)
The doctor prescribed something to ___________ her heart. (strength)
Unit 7
Since your teacher has ______ the time for a talk with you, you must make sure that you will be there on time.
A. predicted
B. made
C. specified
D. classified
If you have mosquito problem, remember that they reproduce in water. Be sure to _________ these spots in and around your home.
A. occupy
B. release
C. eliminate
D. investigate
Hot metal _____________ as it grows colder.
A. compresses
B. reduces
C. contracts
D. condenses
They _____________ the project to the board for approval.
A. submitted
B. permitted
C. admitted
D. committed
He said he could not _____________ all the information given in the broadcast.
A. adhere
B. admire
C. absorb
D. accumulate
I don’t know if this is true, but I’ll try to _____________ it.
A. identify
B. reinforce
C. verify
D. conform
Going round to the bank was part of the _____________ of her work.
A. routine
B. revenue
C. remedy
D. relief
Since the couple couldn’t _____________ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.
A. resume
B. repel
C. reconcile
D. revise
Jim badly _____________ his back when digging in the garden last night.
A. exerted
B. strained
C. pulled
D. stretched
Although the arguments were _____________, I was not convinced.
A. apparent
B. universal
C. exceptional
D. rational
The _____________ for tonight is rain changing to snow.
A. broadcast
B. forecast
C. control
D. overcome
What material do you _____________ to complete the job?
A. acquire
B. require
C. request
D. ask
It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior _____________ depend on one’s own taste. A. other than B. than C. more than D. rather than
We did only a(n) _____________ amount of business today.
A. average
B. middle
C. medium
D. moderate
Edison failed thousands of times _________ he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp. A. after B. when C. before D. as
He could always _____________ a reason for them to linger another month.
A. come with
B. come up
C. come up with
D. come up for
I spent the next two years investigating the very questions _____________ by him.
A. posed
B. held
C. put
D. set
These evening courses will _____________ an academic degree.
A. result to
B. result from
C. cause to
D. lead to
He did poorly in his exams, _____________ how hard he had studied for them.
A. considering
B. to consider
C. thinking
D. regarding
_____________ classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form.
A. In contrast to
B. In connection with
C. In comparison with
D. In regard to
Unit 8
New York’s hot weather is often ___________ by its humidity. (aggravation)
Many people _________ to change their habits and never do. (resolution)
Jonas Salk found a new ___________ of preventing polio. (methodical)
Franklin’s writings contain many ______________ to the reader. (admonish)
The injured child was taken to a ________. (clinical)
The hosts at the party were especially __________. (congeniality)
He had an ___________ attack of appendicitis. (acuteness)
His scornful ___________ was very irritating. (deride)
There was a ___________ confrontation between the two leaders. (drama)
A strong military establishment can be an __________ of peace. (implementation)
Picasso’s __________ ability was apparent in his youth. (art)
The patient showed a __________ improvement. (mark)
He has _________ his employees with threats of instant dismissals. (terror)
The girl has the __________ of a much older child. (mental)
The money that might be spent on cities has been __________ into other projects. (diversion) Two __________ sharks cross the bow of the boat. (monster)
Isn’t it interesting how two people can have very d ifferent _________ of the same person? (perceptive)
They fenced in the western __________ of the ranch. (extreme)
Her remarks were _____________ and obviously not planned. (spontaneity)
The teacher _________ a short poem to the class. (dictation)
Unit 9
On Labour Day the workers will march in _____________ through the town.
A. process
B. procedure
C. procession
D. progress
The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were _____________.
A. illiterate
B. illegible
C. illegitimate
D. inscrutable
The floods did not start to _____________ until two days after the rain had stopped.
A. retire
B. recede
C. retreat
D. depart
Poisons should be kept in a place that is _____________ to children.
A. unavailable
B. inapplicable
C. insurmountable
D. inaccessible
He has read widely but seldom thought deeply so his apparent learning is really quite_____.
A. superior
B. superficial
C. superfluous
D. supercilious
He went ahead with unpopular changes, _____________ to hostile criticism.
A. opposed
B. indifferent
C. sensible
D. unaware
He came to inspect the house _____________ buying it.
A. in the event of
B. with a view to
C. with reference to
D. on account of
The teacher was _______ both in his marking of homework and in his treatment of offenders.
A. lenient
B. merciful
C. forgiving
D. sympathetic
Uniform acceleration occurs _____________the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time.
A. according
B. if
C. with
D. under
He was _____________ of his sight by the accident.
A. ensured
B. informed
C. deprived
D. destroyed
The development of industry must not be _____________ at the expense of environmental pollution.
A. engaged
B. devoted
C. registered
D. pursued
Thousands of spectators _____________ on the city for the horse race.
A. converged
B. assembles
C. crowded
D. accumulated
The news item about the fire was followed by a detailed report made _____________.
A. on the spot
B. on the site 现场
C. on the location
D. on the ground
A man has to make _____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.
A. supply
B. assurance
C. provision
D. adjustment
We have a well developed marketing _____________.
A. unity
B. combination
C. network
D. connection
Do you have a(n) _____________ reason for being late?
A. operative
B. valid
C. valuable
D. efficient
The magician picked several persons ___________ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
A. by accident
B. at random
C. on occasion
D. on average
The police are _____________ the matter.
A. looking through
B. looking into
C. looking over
D. looking after
The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of _____________ case.
A. an operation
B. an emergency
C. a treatment
D. an incident Attendance at the meeting is _____________.
A. compelling
B. forced
C. obliged
D. compulsory
CLOZE
Unit1
The cloze procedure originated in the 1950s as a means of assessing the difficulty of a reading text for native speakers, but within three years ______ originator was suggesting that it could be used for assessing the ______ of second and foreign language learners. The principle is that single words are taken out of a text at regular intervals, _______ gaps which students have to complete with appropriate “fillers,” _______ only for each gap. In order to do this the student has to _______ to the text or either side of the gap so that he can judge what an appropriate filler might be, taking into account _______ meaning and structure.
There are two types of gap: “function” gaps (such as conjunctions, preposition, articles) _______ have only one correct filler, and “semantic” gaps (such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs) that can be filled _______ any one of number of alternatives.
The variation in acceptable filler _______ to two main systems of marking: “exact” and “acceptable.” The first of these means ______ only the original word is counted as correct, and ______ there is only one right answer, the marking is objective and can be done quickly. In “acceptable” marking, decisions must be ______about whether a student’s offering is good enough to be counted as correct or not. It has been shown, however, that the two systems of marking produce very similar result, in the sense that the students are sorted into roughly the same rank order.
Unit 2
At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, _______recent times, unknown to man. _______ of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. A 1,000-mile stretch of the coastline has never been ________ by any ship. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area.
Antarctica differs fundamentally _______ the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting ________ and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia ________ centered roughly on the South Pole _______ surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world – the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
The continental ice sheet is more than two miles ______ in its center; thus the air over the Antarctic is much colder than it is ______ the Arctic regions. More than a million persons live
within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that ______ most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia – a region rich ______ forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry or settlement.
Unit 3
Of all UNHCR programs involving internally displaced persons (IDPs), former Yugoslavia has perhaps been the ______ problematic. When UNHCR was asked by the Secretary- General to _______ the lead humanitarian role in the region in late 1991, few imagined that the conflict would _______ so big, that the victims would eventually number so many, and that within months the program would be _______ UNHCR so much – nearly $1 million a day.
From an agency long used to _______ and assisting refugees once they had reached the relative safety of an asylum country, UNHCR soon found itself in the _______ of a war zone in the worst refugee crisis in Europe since World War II. UNHCR humanitarian staff suddenly ________themselves caught in the crossfire while trying to help, not refuges, but millions of IDPs and other “war _______” people in communities like Sarajevo, Gorazde and Bihac. Twelve were killed in UNHCR operations, and dozens were wounded. By 1993, UNHCR found itself, for the first time in its 40-year-history, in the midst of a conflict that the international community appeared ________ to stop. There seemed to be no way out.
Unit 4
Information and education programs ________ smoking have been intensified in France. Tobacco taxes have also been _______ regularly, and in 1991, France adopted a comprehensive tobacco control law. This law, which was phased ______ and came fully into force in 1993, bans tobacco advertising, fixes maximum tar yields, and requires strong health _________ on both the front and back of the package. _________ the law also controls smoking in transport, public places and workplaces by either banning it altogether or limiting it to just a few ________ areas. A non-governmental organization, the National Committee Against Tobacco Use, has been especially active in encouraging strict _________ of the tobacco advertising ban. Early attempts to find ways _______ the law let the National Committee Against Tobacco Use to _______ charges against the alleged violators. These resulted in a number of successful convictions, which, in turn, have led to near-total observance of France’s strict ban on direct and indirect tobacco advertising. By 1995, tobacco ____________ had fallen by 7.3% since 1991 when the comprehensive tobacco control law was adopted.
Unit 5
Visit the website of the European central bank, click on the icon for its French-language pages and you will be politely advised that the bulk of the site is unfortunately in _________, and you should perhaps try the Bank of F rance’s homepage for ____________ in French.
“The first instrument of a people’s genius,” wrote the author Stendhal, “is its language.” In which case, the French are in_________. Already drowning at home in a ________ tide of what stalwarts see as vulgar and inelegant English, their tongue is now in ______danger of disappearing from the international scene altogether. “What is at stake is the ________ of our culture. It is a life or death matter,” Jacques Viot, head of the Alliance Francise, which ________ French abroad, warned last month. For a country that has long _________ its tongue the language of love, of global diplomancy and the rights of man, the threat is taken seriously. Few here complained when a francophobic US senator recently described French as “a near-forgotten” language; many realize
that unless something is done, he could very soon be right.
Within France, the language ________ from a veritable battery of protective laws, decrees and directives. Radio stations must play mostly music with French lyrics, and advertisements in English are, with few __________, outlawed unless _____________ by a translation.
Most of the legislation _________ from the 1994 “loi Toubon,” which briefly threatened jail for anyone using words like “le weekend” or “le parking.” Even today, companies are occasionally prosecuted – although not as often as organizations such as the Committee for the Defence of the French Language, one of a myriad of similar militant bodies, would like – for using anglicisms in ads and brochures.
Unit 6
Round the end of the sixteenth century, Puritans, whose goal was the purification of religion in England, frequently _________ persecution at the hands of the English government. In order to seek religious __________, they decided to ________ England.
In early September 1620, 102 settlers (among whom 35 were Puritans) left for America ________ the Mayflower. After a two-month ________ they came within sight of Cape Cod and decided to stay. They met aboard the ship and drafted the Mayflower Compact – a document that established the principles and rules by which their community would be governed. They also ________ John Carver to serve as their first governor.
After landing at Plymouth on December 21, 1920, however the Pilgrims ________ terrible hardships. Few of them had any _________ in colonization. Worse still, they had come to America __________ adequate food supplies, and they couldn’t start to plant crops __________ spring. By then more than half the Pilgrims, __________ Governor Carver, had died. It was with the __________ of the Indians that the survivors learned how to _________ corn and where to fish. In October 1621, they were able to __________their first harvest with the Indians. The same year, the Pilgrims secured a charter for Plymouth Colony from the Council for New England.
Unit 7
It was during the 1960s that ecology, a small and relatively unimportant ________ of biology, rose to the attention of the United States public. Science and medicine had _______ great advances in making human life easier, longer, and _______comfortable. People became so reliant ______ technology that they were sure science could solve almost any ________. In the early 1960s, however, as populations became larger and open space _______ available, people started to ______ that there was one problem technology didn’t have a quick-fix solution for –the mistreatment of the environment.
The science of _______ studies the ways humans can live in harmony with their _______ environment –ways humans can exist on this planet _______ destroying the very systems that sustain life. Nature abides by very ________ laws and an extremely delicate check and balance system. When those laws and system are upset, the ________ can be devastating. It is an ecologist’s job to se e to it that the laws and system are not violated.
Unit 8
The word Hebrew, the original meaning of ________is not clear, can be used to designate a specific Semitic language –namely, that utilized _______ a particular group of Ancient Near Eastern “people.” The linguistic name became ________ also to the people among whom it was spoken. These “Hebrews” differed from their neighbors _______ their semi-nomadic character and their supporting themselves not through settled agriculture ______rather as herders. Their
identity ______ a distinct people with an even more distinctive religion is attributed in the book of Genesis to the calling of the patriarch (paternal ruler) Abraham. The god who thus called Abraham would from now on be regarded as the god of the Hebrews and from the time of Moses _____known as Yahweh. Similarly, the Hebrews people would now no _______ be defined simply by language or kinship, but by their allegiance ______this, their god.
At Yahweh’s instructions, Abraham ______ from Mesopotamia into the land of Canaan, later ________ as Palestine. The story of Abraham and his descendants –the patriarchs of Israel is ________ in character, but maybe _______in historical events taking place around the first quarter of the second millennium BC – that is, 2000-1750 BC.
Unit 9
The term “convention” is generally applied to a multilateral treaty of a law-making type. ________ are many conventions concluded since the Second World War _______ the framework of the United Nations Charter, such as the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963, convention on the _______ of the sea and others, Law-making treaties concluded ______ the guidance of one or other of the specialized agencies of the United Nations ______ normally take the form of conventions: ________ are conventions for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation, and the series of anti-pollution conventions. Treaties _______ establish international unions of a technical character may also be designated as conventions –for example, the various conventions ________the protection of intellectual property, the Universal Postal Convention, and the International Telecommunications Convention.
However, “convention” is ____to indicate not only multilateral treaties of a law-making type, but also bilateral treaties, such as consular conventions, double taxation conventions and others.
Unit 10
The one person most _______ with the development of the Presbyterian Church is John Calvin (1509 - 1564). His major _______, Institutes of the Christian Religion, is a systematic treatise of 16th-century _________ thought, the cornerstone of Presbyterian doctrine, and one of the most influential books in Western thought.
Dutch, French, English, Scots, and Irish ________ the Presbyterian faith to America. One man, Francis Makemie, holds the ________of being called the Father of American Presbyterianism. This Scottish minister came to America in 1683 ______ a zeal for preaching and a genius for organization. He soon recruited other clergy in his tireless efforts to organize Presbyterians in the English ________of America.
The Presbyterian Church took _______ and grew in American soil, but not without difficulties. Presbyterians, along with Baptists and Methodists, divided _______ the question of slavery prior to the Civil War. The northern group, ________the United Presbyterian Church in the USA, became the largest Presbyterian body in this country and in the world. The southern group was called the Presbyterian Church in the United States. In 1983 these two groups _______to form the Presbyterian Church (USA), the fourth largest Protestant ___________ in the United States.