英语读写译Chinese-Culture
Dragon totem worship
中国龙
对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Dragon totem（图腾） worship（崇拜） in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon (or long)a fetish （神物，迷信） that combines animals including the fish ,snake ,horse and ox with cloud ,thunder ,lightning and other natural celestial（天空的） phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion（融合） process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese ,the dragon signifies（代表） innovation （开拓创新） and cohesion（团结）.
饺子
Dumplings
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes.
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint —Zhang Zhongjing.
饺子的制作包括:1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。
There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them.
其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There's an old saying that claims, "Nothing could
be more delicious than dumplings."
中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。
During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people would like to follow the auspicious（吉利的） custom of eating dumplings.
对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
To Chinese people who show high reverence（崇尚）for family love, having dumplings at the moment when the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding（表示） farewell to the old and usher （迎接） in the New Year.
Unit 3
针灸
Acupuncture
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分
Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡、脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。
In accordance with the “main and collateral(旁系的) channels（渠道）” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge（清淤） the channel and regulate（调节） qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation(调和) between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy（治疗）.
针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed（欢迎）as one of the “four new national treasures.”
主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的
温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络，治疗病痛的目的。
The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce(扎) certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion(艾灸) to stimulate（刺激） the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.
Unit 4
中国功夫
Chinese Kung Fu
中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。
Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat(战争) and the motions （运动） engaged with a series of skill and tricks. 其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。
The core idea of Chinese kung fu is derived from the Confucian(儒家) theory of both “the mean and
harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism
and Buddhism
后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
The skills in wielding（行使） the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry（武器）, such as the skill of using swords（刀枪）, spears（枪）, two-edged swords（剑）and halberds（戟）, axes(斧), tomahawks（钺）, hooks （钩）, prongs（叉） and so on.
中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects(宗派) and many different boxing types, and emphasizes coupling（结合） hardness with softness and internal and external training. It
contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering(沉思) of life and the universe.
Unit 5
中国汉字
Chinese Characters
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。
此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。
汉字结构“外圆内方”，源于古人“天圆地方”的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。Chinese Characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and
tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese Characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.
Chinese Characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese Characters are “—”（the horizontal stroke），“〡”（the vertical stroke），“∕” the left-falling stroke ，“ \ ”（ the right-falling stroke），and“乙”（the turning stroke）.
Unit 6
中国筷子
Chinese Chopsticks
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。
有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。
筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、
挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。
中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。
与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴。
西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.
The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.
Chopsticks was named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possesses multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.
Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.
Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters.”
Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the
partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.
Unit 7
中国印章
Chinese Seal
印章就是图章。
中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。
据史料记载，印章在战国时代（前475—前221）已普遍使用。
印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。
印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
A seal can also be defined as a stamp.
Both the Chinese official and private seals of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The
seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.
According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC).
The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becomes one of China’s unique artworks.
Unit 8
天干地支
Chinese Era①
The ten Heavenly Stems to designate marks of order and the twelve Earthly Branches, used in combination with the Heavenly Stems to designate years, months,
days and hours
甲:the first of the ten Heavenly Stems 乙:the second of the ten Heavenly Stems 丙:the third of the ten Heavenly Stems 丁:the fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems 戊:the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stems 己:the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 庚:the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems 辛:the eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 壬:the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems 癸:the last of the ten Heavenly Stems
子:the first of the twelve Earthly Branches 丑:the second of the twelve Earthly Branches 寅:the third of the twelve Earthly Branches 卯:the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches 辰:the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches 巳:the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 午:the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches 未:the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches 申:the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches 酉:the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches 戌:the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches 亥:the last of the twelve Earthly Branches 天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。
十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸；
十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。<
古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。
干支纪年法从古沿用至今。
按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。
The Chinese era is the symbol that Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years.
The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia , yi , bing , ding , wu, ji , geng , xin , ren and gui②. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi, chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai③.
After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always waxes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days.
According to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems”, 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.
The Chinese era chronology was first invented in
ancient time and is still in use now.
So the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.
Unit 1
中国丝绸
Chinese Silk
中国是丝绸的故乡。
栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期（前1600—前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。
从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。
西汉（前206—公元25）时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外贸易交流的新纪元。
China is the home of silk.
Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and
thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.
As early as in Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC–256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant cultural connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as the symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.
During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC–25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.
Unit 2
中国园林
Chinese Classical Garden
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有
机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。
其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。
游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。
在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape.
Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.
When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers”.
The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look
ingenious and natural”.
Unit 3
文房四宝
The Four Treasures of the Study
笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。
用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。
秦（前221—前206）时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代（前206—公元220）以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。
文房四宝”到宋朝（960—1279）以后特指湖笔（浙江湖州）、徽墨（安徽徽州）、宣纸（安徽宣州）、端砚（广东肇庆，古称端州）。
可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
The writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”.
The writing brush and inkstick have been used by the
Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. Indeed, the “Four Treasures of the Study” have written the whole Chinese civilization, as it is. After the Song Dynasty (960AD-1279AD), the “Four Treasures of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the inkstick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the inkstone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).
In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writng surfaces, gradually faded out. The inkstone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.
Unit 4
对联
Antithetical Couplets
对联又称楹联或对子，是依中文语言一字一音的特征撰写的一种民族文体。
中国对联的哲学渊源及深层民族文化心理，乃是古代中国人把握和认识事物的阴阳二元观念。
对联的特征是“对仗”：字数相等，词性相当，平仄相合，内容相关，节奏相应。
对联习俗多样，有春联、婚联、寿联、挽联、茶联等。The antithetical couplet (also called duilian) is also known as yinglian or duizi. An antithetical couplet is a kind of national writing style, which is composed by the skillful manipulation of the characteristic of the Chinese language that one character corresponds with one syllable.
There are many types of antithetical couplets, such as Spring Festival couplets, marriage couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, and antithetical couplets about tea, etc.
The feature of the antithetical couplet is an “antithesis”: equal characters, the same part of
新时代交互英语读写译课文翻译
新时代交互英语读写译课文翻译- 哈佛学子的成功之道 1 许多不同类型的自助书籍都给读者提出建议，帮助他们培养一定的技能、目标和态度，以获得成功，并拥有一种健康的生活方式。现在，在采访了 1600 名大学生后，马萨诸塞州波士顿市哈佛大学的研究者们找到了促成哈佛学子学业成功、让他们产生满足感的因素。 2 他们的重要发现让哈佛大学做出了改变其策略的决定，这些变化包括：给学生布且更多的小组作业以及在下午安排课程。目的是为了鼓励学生吃晚餐时可以继续讨论他们的课程。 3 研究者们是如何获得他们所需的信息的呢？首先，他们提出很多问题，涉及学生的课余活动、教学质量和指导质量等方方面面。研究者们通过寻找规律来找出某些课程有用的原因。他们询问学生的感受----对自己所学的东西是否感到高兴、满意或兴奋，然后把得到的答案与学生们在学业方面的成功进行比较。这些问题旨在找出是什么让学生高兴，又是什么在帮助他们学习。 4 以下是他们通过调查研究所提出的建议： (1) 了解任课教师。学生每个学期都要听四到五个教师的课。至少要熟悉其中的一位教师并且也要让他们认识你，这样会有使你感到和学校联系在一起。另一个重要的忠告是：向任课教师请教有关课程学习的建议。问一些有关你要做什么才能得到提高的具体问题。例如，像“怎样才能使我第一段的论证更有效？”这样的问题能让你获得所需的建议。研究表明，大多数寻求帮助的学生都能提高他们的成绩，而那些没有寻求帮助的学生则成绩不好或者不及格。 (2)分小组学习。做作业很重要，但是仅仅如此是不够的。为了真正理解学习内容，在学习之余最好和两三个同学组成学习小组，和他们一起完成作业。能这样做的同学会更好地理解学习内容。他们会觉得与课堂的联系更紧密，从而更积极地参与课堂学习。 (3) 留出足够的时间去做好一件事情。在这次哈佛大学的研究中，学习好的学生比学习不好的学生在学习上花的时间更多。学习好的学生可以不间断地学习两到三个小时，而学习不太好的学生一次只学习、二、三十分钟，往往在一天的某些特定时段学习，如晚费前载体育运动后。几乎没有多少学生能意识到抓有不间断的学习时间的必要性。 (4)参加一项活动。你也许认识不到加入一个俱乐部或加入一个团队的重要性，但这恰恰是很重要的。要参加体育俱乐部，你不必是一名优秀的运动员。没有运动天赋的学生可以在体育俱乐部里给教练帮帮忙，尽自己的一份力，比如在比赛或训练期间给队员准备水瓶或切好橙子给他们吃。 学生只要参加了一 项活动，哪怕参与的方式是微不足道的，他们也会以更积极的心态去面对他们的学业。
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of picture and then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give soundargument to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. “I’m going to need tech support” Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1. A) The man’s tennis racket is good enough. B) The man should get a pair of new shoes. C) She can wait for the man for a little while. D) Physical exercise helps her stay in shape. 【答案】B 2. A) The woman will skip Dr. Smith’s lecture to help the man. B) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith. C) The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations. D) The man will do all he can to assist the woman. 【答案】A
新时代交互英语读写译课文翻译- 哈佛学子的成功之道 1 许多不同类型的自助书籍都给读者提出建议，帮助他们培养一定的技能、目标和态度，以获得成功，并拥有一种健康的生活方式。现在，在采访了1600 名大学生后，马萨诸塞州波士顿市哈佛大学的研究者们找到了促成哈佛学子学业成功、让他们产生满足感的因素。 2 他们的重要发现让哈佛大学做出了改变其策略的决定，这些变化包括：给学生布且更多的小组作业以及在下午安排课程。目的是为了鼓励学生吃晚餐时可以继续讨论他们的课程。 3 研究者们是如何获得他们所需的信息的呢？首先，他们提出很多问题，涉及学生的课余活动、教学质量和指导质量等方方面面。研究者们通过寻找规律来找出某些课程有用的原因。他们询问学生的感受----对自己所学的东西是否感到高兴、满意或兴奋，然后把得到的答案与学生们在学业方面的成功进行比较。这些问题旨在找出是什么让学生高兴，又是什么在帮助他们学习。 4 以下是他们通过调查研究所提出的建议： (1) 了解任课教师。学生每个学期都要听四到五个教师的课。至少要熟悉其中的一位教师并且也要让他们认识你，这样会有使你感到和学校联系在一起。另一个重要的忠告是：向任课教师请教有关课程学习的建议。问一些有关你要做什么才能得到提高的具体问题。例如，像“怎样才能使我第一段的论证更有效？”这样的问题能让你获得所需的建议。研究表明，大多数寻求帮助的学生都能提高他们的成绩，而那些没有寻求帮助的学生则成绩不好或者不及格。 (2)分小组学习。做作业很重要，但是仅仅如此是不够的。为了真正理解学习内容，在学习之余最好和两三个同学组成学习小组，和他们一起完成作业。能这样做的同学会更好地理解学习内容。他们会觉得与课堂的联系更紧密，从而更积极地参与课堂学习。(3) 留出足够的时间去做好一件事情。在这次哈佛大学的研究中，学习好的学生比学习不好的学生在学习上花的时间更多。学习好的学生可以不间断地学习两到三个小时，而学习不太好的学生一次只学习、二、三十分钟，往往在一天的某些特定时段学习，如晚费前载体育运动后。几乎没有多少学生能意识到抓有不间断的学习时间的必要性。(4)参加一项活动。你也许认识不到加入一个俱乐部或加入一个团队的重要性，但这恰恰是很重要的。要参加体育俱乐部，你不必是一名优秀的运动员。没有运动天赋的学生可以在体育俱乐部里给教练帮帮忙，尽自己的一份力，比如在比赛或训练期间给队员准备水瓶或切好橙子给他们吃。 学生只要参加了一 项活动，哪怕参与的方式是微不足道的，他们也会以更积极的心态去面对他们的学业。 5 安排好你的时间，这可以帮助你在学习上取得成功；制定好一个计划并严格执行，你就能从中获得乐趣并与班上的同学相处愉快。留够时间，学个彻底，玩个痛快，你就
大学英语读写译(1)期末测试题及答案1
大学英语读写译（一） 期末测试题（1） Part I. Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A. Skimming and Scanning (10%) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For question 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Spiders Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce
远与近 一个小镇坐落在铁路延绵而来的高地上，在小镇郊外，有一座白色板子搭建的整洁小屋，装饰有绿色的百叶窗。屋的一边是一个园子，被整齐地划分为一块一块，上面种着蔬菜，还有一个葡萄架，葡萄在8月晚些时候成熟了。在屋子前面有三棵大橡树，夏季橡树浓密整齐的树阴会遮住小屋。屋子另一边则是颜色明艳的鲜花丛。这整个地方，空气中都是整洁、朴素和适度的舒适。 每天下午两点过几分，两个城市间的特快列车就会通过这个地方。这时，这辆长长的列车，会为了留一个“呼吸空间”而在小镇附近停留一下，再平稳地起步前行，但这时它的速度还达不到马力全开时的速度。在引擎强有力的掣动下，列车从容地摇晃进入视野，重重的车厢压着铁轨，发出低沉的隆隆声，然后消失在尽头。在一段时间里，在草原的边缘，每隔一段距离，汽笛吼叫，喷出一圈圈浓烟，以此可以发现列车行进的痕迹。最后，什么都听不到了，除了车轮坚实的咯咯声拍子，在那个下午昏昏欲睡的时光中慢慢消失。 二十多年来，每天当列车接近小屋时，司机就会拉响汽笛。每天当听到这个信号，一个妇女就会从小屋后廊出来并向他挥手。起初她有一个孩子牵着她的裙子站在旁边，而现在这个孩子已经长大成熟了，也每天随着她的母亲一起来到后廊向他挥手。 司机长期供职，已经年老，鬓发灰白。他驾驶着他长长的列车，满载乘客上万次地通过这片土地。他自己的孩子们已经长大，结婚。并且曾经有四次他在他前面的铁轨上看到悲剧凝成的可怕小点，像颗炮弹似的射向火车头前的恐怖阴影——一辆辆满载孩子的轻型货车，上面一排惊慌的小脸；一辆廉价的汽车停留在铁轨上，上面被恐惧麻痹的人呆若木鸡；一个消瘦的流浪汉在铁轨上面游走，他过于耳背和年老，以至于无法听到汽笛声的警告。以及一个人影带着一声尖叫掠过他的窗口——所有的这些他都见得多了。他了解一个人所能了解的所有悲伤、欢乐、危险和辛劳。在忠诚的职业生涯中，他饱经风霜。而现在他虽已年老，却在所从事的工作中学习到了诚实、勇敢和谦逊这些品质，并拥有了司机们应有的崇高和智慧。 但无论他见识过多少危险和悲剧，那座小屋和那两个妇女以一种勇敢自由动机向他挥手的景象，已经印在了他的心里，作为美丽，不朽，万劫不变和始终如一的事物，纵使灾难、悲伤和过失可能打破他的生活铁律。 看到这座小屋和这两个妇女，他总能感到从未有过的非凡幸福。他在一千种光线明暗和一百种天气变化中见到过她们。通过冬天严峻而灰蒙蒙的光线，穿过地上褐色而被冰封的残梗，他见到过她们。在绿色的富有魅力魔法的四月，他见到过她们。 他感到对她们和这座小屋十分亲切，如同一个男人对他自己的孩子们一样。终于，她们生活的画面被深深地刻在了他的心里，他感觉他完全了解她们一天中每时每刻的生活。于是他决定有一天当自己退休的时候，他将去找到她们，最后和她们聊一聊，因为她们的生活已经和他自己的深深融为一体了。 这一天终于来到了。最后，司机在这两个妇女居住的小镇的车站下了车，走上月台。他在铁路上的职业生涯已经结束。他是公司一个拿养老金的人了，没有工作要去做。司机慢慢地走出车站，走入小镇的街道。一切对于他都十分陌生，就好像他从来没有见过这个小镇。他继续走着，心中越来越迷惑与不解。这真是他经过数以万次的小镇吗？这真的是他从列车的高窗里经常见到的房子吗？一切是那么陌生，不安，好像一座梦中的城市。随着不断向前走，他的内心愈发困惑起来。 现在房屋渐渐变为小镇边区散布的村落，大街也渐渐冷落成为一条乡村小路——两个妇女就住在其中一所村舍里。司机在闷热和尘埃中沉重地慢慢走着。最后他站在他要寻找的房屋前面。他马上知道他找到了正确的地方。他看到了屋子前高大的橡树、花坛、菜园和葡萄架，以及更远处那铁轨的闪光。
Unit 1 College Life Language study of Reading1: Harvard University’s Habits for Success. ①Many different types of self-help books advise the reader to develop the skills, goals, and attitudes that will both promote success and provide for a healthy lifestyle. [= Through self-help books, a reader can learn how to become successful and prepare for a healthy way of living by developing the skills, goals and attitudes. ] 许多不同类型的自助书籍都给读者提出建议，帮助他们培养一定的技能、目标和态度，以获得成功，并拥有一种健康的生活方式。 develop v. 1) to grow or change into something bigger, stronger, or more advanced, or to make someone or something do this [ advance]发展Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s. 2）to design or make a new idea, product, system etc over a period of time 发明，设计 Scientists are developing new drugs to treat arthritis关节炎. 3）to start to have a feeling or quality that then becomes stronger: 逐渐产生 The children are beginning to develop a sense of responsibility. 孩子们逐渐产生了一种责任感。 develop a sense of…/develop a awareness of产生一种…意识 It was in college that he developed a taste for (=started to like) rugby football.在大学的时候他开始喜欢上了橄榄球。 4）if you develop a skill or ability, or if it develops, it becomes stronger or more advanced: 进步，提高 The course is designed to help students develop their speaking skills.这门课是为了提高学生演讲能力而设计的。promote v. 1) To help in the growth or development of 促进，推动，增进 e.g. promote foreign trade 促进对外贸易 e.g. Milk can promote health. 牛奶可以增进健康 2) To give (someone) a higher position or rank 提升，晋升（某人） e.g. The instructor was promoted to professor. 那位讲师升为教授。（to 后表示地位之名词不加冠词 3）To bring (goods) to public notice in order to encourage people to buy 推销/促销（货物）promote a new product; promoter：（事业）推动者，赞助人，（公司）创立者 promotion：晋级，促进；促销get/be given a promotion provide for 1) to make the necessary future arrangements for 为…做好准备 It is highly important to provide for the future.预先做好准备非常重要。 2)to support; supply with the things necessary for life供养，抚养 He had to provide for five children.他要供养五个孩子。 3)provide sb. With sth / provide sth for sb. lifestyle n. 生活方式；lifework 一生的事业 Lifetime: the chance of a lifetime；in one’s lifetime; lifetime employment 终生雇佣 ②contribute （to）v. 1)to help in causing a situation, event, or condition起促成作用,有助于，成为（---的）原因 e.g.A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. Various factors contributed to his downfall.各种因素导致了他的垮台 2) to join with others in giving (money, help, etc) 捐献；捐助；贡献出；提供（时间，精力等） e.g. He contributed a lot of money to the charity. e.g. She contributed many good ideas to the discussion. Contribution n. make great contributions to --- ③tip n. 1) a helpful piece of advice 小建议，小窍门，劝告，告诫 Take my tip and keep well away from that place. The manual手册，指南is full of useful tips. 2) a small amount of money given as a gift, usually in addition to the official price, for a small service performed 小费Shall I leave a tip for the waiter? 3) the usually pointed end of something （某物的）尖端 a town at the southern tip of India on/at the tip of one's tongue: not quite able to be remembered 就在嘴边，但记不起来了 Now what's her name? It's on the tip of my tongue. the tip of the iceberg: a small sign of a much larger situation, problem, etc.冰山一角；重大情况（问题等）露出表面的极小一部分；The official statistics on drug addiction are only the tip of the iceberg; the real figure may well be much higher. ④specific adj. 1) detailed and exact; clear in meaning or explanation 明确的，具体的e.g. He came here for a specific aim. 2) particular；fixed, determined, or named 特定的，一定的，（至于名词前） e.g. a specific sum of money 一定金额 3) limited to；found only in 仅限于----的；特有的；固有的 e.g. This disease is specific to horses. ⑤effective adj.
1. 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。 No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. 就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。 Just as all his sister's friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. 汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。 Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. 老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。 If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won't say a word to you any more. 5. 有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。 Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6. 现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。 Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. 英译汉 1.When someone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior, it is proper to say "Thank you". 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都就当对他说声"谢谢"。 2.The invention of the steam engine changed ships just as it had changed land transport. 蒸气机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。 3.Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem. 尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。 4.The girl, whose life revolved around her brother, had no difficulty working out what she should do to please him. 这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。 5.If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want. 如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要的。 6.Jimmy had his sister to help him get through the painful days alone without his father. 吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。 unit2 1. 被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2. 总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All things considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3. 正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5. 服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctor as soon as possible. 6. 总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。
Unit 1 Script 1 Talia: It's all so incredible, Mom. I’m working on a story about one of the national soccer players, Nick Crawford… No, that's the thing. He knows that one of his teammates has framed him. And I believe he's innocent. Talia: Look, Mom, I have to go. I’II call you tomorrow, OK? Bye. Yes, yes, me, too. Bye．Nick：Hi．I came as soon as I could．What’s up? Talia：I’ve been thinking about this all day…. Now tell me, again：When and how did you meet this Jackie Baker woman? Nick：I’ve already told you．She came up to me at the juice bar．We set up a meeting．Talia：Right．At her office．Except you never went up to her office．Nick：Right, so she meets me in the lobby, we shake hands , and she takes me to lunch．Talia：Yes, to a little place around the corner, as I recaII. Nick：Right. And then she asks me to endorse a new pair of shoes. Talia：Yeah. You told me they’re called Kicks. Nick：Right. And she explains that I’ll have to wear the shoes when I play. And the company will use my name in the ads. Talia：OK. Can you think of anything else? Nick：Well, we did talk about an idea for a Kicks commercial． Talia：A commercial? What commercial? Nick：I told you about that, didn’t l? They wanted me to be in a commercial． Script 2 Talia：Hang on a second. You never said anything about a commercial. I wanna hear more about this. Don’t leave out any details. This could be important．Nick：OK. So, over lunch she describes the deal… Jackie：So，you’ll wear our shoes when you play. And we’ll use y our name in ads. Do that and fifty thousand dollars is yours. Nick：Sounds good. And this will be sometime next year? Jackie：Uh, yeah, that’s right. We can work out the details later for this, but we’ll probably want you to appear in a commercial.i Nick：Cool! Jackie：In fact. I'm working on an idea for a commercial right now. Do you wanna hear about it? Nick：Sure. Jackie：OK. Picture this. You’re sitting in a park. On a bench. It’s a beautiful spring day. Nick：So far, So good. Jackie：OK. A young kid comes up to you and says, ―Hey! Aren’t you Nick Crawford, the soccer star?‖ Nick：Uh—huh. Jackie：And you say, ―That’s me. ‖Or something like that． Nick：Right．
Text A词汇答案 Unit 1 A. 1. were bulging with 2. multitude 3. crave 4. indulge in 5. abandon themselves 6. fastidious 7. mused on 8. soothing B. 1. faculty 2. besiege 3. stick to 4. laborious 5. profusion 6. file out 7. judicious 8. decipher 9. poignant 10. by degrees Unit 2 A. 1. annual 2. opponents 3. distinctions 4. ferociously 5. revered 6. overlooks 7. extra 8. celebrity B. 1. constructive 2 transformation 3. combat 4. status 5. severely 6. falling apart 7. effective 8. discouraged 9. cautious 10. wiped out Unit 3 A. 1. borrowings 2. exuberance 3. is flexible 4. instrument 5. diminishing 6. was bound to 7. accumulate 8. dominant B. 1. bound to 2 expansion 3. inclined 4. accumulate 5. conquest 6. stabilization 7. preserve 8. reduce 9. ingratiate 10. dominant
第一单元 注：第一单元当时做的时候没有留截图，大家做的时候一定要认真，否则分数就很低，后面就没什么问题了，谢谢！ (1)overt factor ethnic boundary marker cultural trait primary indicator more or less as we mentioned earlier physical characteristic in long association with one another personal adornment in the not-too-distant past (2)distinct has transcended overt complex ethnic conversely sufficient demonstrates correspond has been granted (3)assimilating physical characteristic however loose-fitting blouse non-native American women (4)distinguish appearance share former Conversely encompass ethnic cases difference impossible relocation globalization identity costume remote (5)A Native American woman often wears a huipil,aloose-fitting blouse that slips over the head,which is a symbol to distinguish ethnicity. Because they serve to distingush menbers from all other groups,a single boundary markerseldom is sufficient. But in many cases, religion and ethnic group more or less correspond. The Jews may be categorized
大学英语读写译(1)期末测试题及 答案1 大学英语读写译（一） 期末测试题（1） Part L Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A< Skimming and Scanning (10%) Directions: In this party you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Spiders Spiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk，but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs. All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600+species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin，and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6, 4, 2 or 0)，as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section [which you shouldn9t really] then their legs have 8 parts as well [coxa, trochanter; femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, and claws])
Unit 1 移民的挑战 人们远离家乡侨居国外的原因很多。对有些人来说，是出于经济上的考虑。他们觉得在别的地方会有更多赚钱机会。对另一些人来说，是出于冒险，想尝试别样的生活。还有一些人移居国外是因为他们认为那儿的价值观与他们的理想比较吻合。 那些出于经济原因移民的人常被误导。他们可能听说过无数发财致富的故事，但事实绝非如此简单。要果真如此，他们要去的那个国家的人早就赚了上百万了。移民到国外的人通常要辛苦工作，可能要比在本国辛苦得多。 有时候，人们对该不该移民基本没有多少主动权。例如在爱尔兰饥荒期间，数百万的爱尔兰人把移民看成是去国外（生存）还是在家里等死的选择。大部分人一路艰辛，冒着危险来到美国，干着最脏的活，拿着比其他美国人低得多的工资。移民遭受的此类歧视和亏待在历史上早已司空见惯了。 而且，许多移民发现他们手艺不被认可。许多越南或巴基斯坦的医生、律师、工程师发现一旦离开祖国，他们的资历就一钱不值。他们达不到移民国家设定的标准。结果，他们就干起了打扫办公室地板、晚上守夜值班的活。而他们在移民前有可能就是在这样的办公室工作。这种二等公民的感觉既屈辱又让人压抑。 还有一些人可能发现他们的语言能力使得他们既不好找工作又不被社会认可。那些出于冒险而移居国外的人不在乎这一点，但学一门新的语言要占用他们为过上好生活而挣钱的时间。我们常常见到，移居到多元文化国家里的移民们找不到自己的位置，而最终总是在自己老乡圈里活动，并为充分抓住新的机会。 人们可能因为不喜欢自己国家的条件而决定离开。在美国对越作战期间，数以万计的美国年轻人离开美国去加拿大，以逃避去为一场毫无意义的战争当炮灰。这些人与他们的朋友、家人切断联系，不能回归祖国。 人们移民总是期望为孩子们营造更好的将来，过上更好的生活。但情形往往是父母做出的牺牲并没有得到子女的回报，因为他们在父母的娇宠中长大成人，不懂得惜哺双亲。 但是，人们仍然克服重重困难移民，尤其是去那些经济增长快的国家，如澳大利亚、加拿大和美国。这些国家历史不长，但正是靠那些为逃避祖国的灾荒或战乱而背井离乡的一批批农民、工人和商人建设起来的。其中少数的移民，通过一两代人的努力，实现