Unit1
【短语与表达】
1. Be concerned about sth. ①担心，忧虑。例：Please don’t be concerned
about me.②感兴趣，关心。例：Now the students are concerned about the result of the exam.
2. Be strewn with. 布满…例：Our way ahead is strewn with difficulties. 我们
前面的道路布满艰难险阻
3. Break up. ①粉碎；破碎。例：That ship broke up on the rocks.那艘船触礁
撞碎了。②散开；解散。例：The meeting broke up at 12 o’clock.③结束。
例：Our marriage has broken up.
4. Check out sth.①调查；查证；核实。例：we’ll have to check her out before
we employ her.②查看，观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物）例：Check out the prices at their new store.③(从图书馆等)借出.例：That book has been checked out in your name.
5. Come in handy.有用处。例：Don’t throw this book away-----it might come in
handy.
6. Curl up.蜷曲着坐或躺。例：He curled up and closed his eyes.
7. Give away.断裂;倒塌;塌陷。例：Those pillars gave way and the roof
collapsed.那些立柱坍塌了，屋顶坠落下来。
8. Mount to.成为；升级为；达到。例：Debts have mount to the lowest level
since1998.
9. On the verge of (doing) sth.濒于；接近于；行将。例：①We are on the verge
of signing a new contract.②The little girl is on the verge of tears.
10. Pitch in with sb.sth.投入；参与；支援。例：Everyone pitch in with that work.
11. Prop sb.sth.up ①撑起；支起。例：He had to prop up the roof with a wooden
post.②帮助；扶持；救济。例：He can’t always count on his colleagues to prop him up.他不能总指望自己的同事帮助他
12. Reason out sth.通过思考想出对策。例; The detective reason out how the
criminal had escaped.
13. Ride sth out.安然度过（难关）；经受得住。例：Our company will ride out the
present financial crisis.
14. Sit out sth.耐心等到结束；熬到结束。例：The sat out the storm at a café.
15. Traill away 声音逐渐减弱到停止；逐渐消失。例: Her voice trailed away to
nothing.
【修辞手法剖析】
1. Simile(明喻) is a figure of speech that often uses the words like or as,etc.
to make a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.明喻是常用like 或as 等词把具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来进行比较的一种修辞手法。明喻的运用使描写的事物更加形象、生动、具体，给人以鲜明的印象。明喻的表达方法是：本体像喻体。明喻有以下特点：1）比喻词常用as 或like 2)本体和喻体都出现3）本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物4）本体和喻体至少在某一点上相似
①The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire
brigade(L.1,Para.11)
②The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.
(L.1,Para.13)
③Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds
snapped them.(L.10, Para.19)
④……and blow-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the
roads.(L.5, Para 28)
①中把大人们传递孩子比喻成在救火时消防员传递水桶。②中把狂风的声音比喻成一列离自己几步之遥的经过的火车发出的呼啸声。③中把电话线杆子和松树的断裂声比喻成放枪似的啪啪的爆裂声④中把吹断的电线比喻成黑色的意大利细面条。
2．Metaphor(暗喻) is a figure of speech that describe something by referring to it as something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful..暗喻和明喻一样，都是把两种不同事物的共同之处进行比较，但与明喻不同的是，暗喻的比较不通过比喻词as或like等进行，而是直接将甲事物当做乙事物来描写。甲乙两事物的联系或共同点是暗含的，因此被称为暗喻。暗喻的运用可以起到化抽象为具体，化深奥为浅显，化平淡为生动，化冗长为简洁的作用。
①We can batten down and ride it ou t…(L.2, Para 4)
②Wind and rain now whipped the house. (L.1, Para 7)
③Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees..... (L.4, Para 28)
④Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.....
(L.1, Para 32)
①中把遭受飓风袭击的房子比喻成在海上与暴风雨抗争的船只②中把狂风暴雨对房屋的拍打比喻成鞭子在抽打③中把被撕成布条的衣服比喻成花彩④中把飓风席卷密西西比州比喻成用耙子耙平密西西比州。
3.Personification(拟人) is the practice of representing objects,qualities,etc. As humans,in art and literature.拟人是指把事物，包括物体，动物，思想或抽象概念，当做人来描写，赋予其人的动作、外表、性格或思想感情。拟人通常通过动词、形容词、名词等表现出来。通过运用拟人的修辞手法，可以增强语言的感染力，使描写的事物生动、形象，从而鲜明的表现出作者对所描写的事物的感情。
① A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof
of the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.(L.1, Para 18)
②It seized a 600,00-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away
(L.8, Para 19)
①中把本来用来描写人的两个动词lifted和skimmed 用来描写飓风，生动形象的描绘出飓风把整个屋顶掀起并抛到40英尺以外的地方的情形。②中把本来用来描写人的两个动词seized和dumped用来描写飓风，生动形象的描绘出飓风卷起储油罐并将其摔倒3.5英里以外的地方的情形。
4.Transferred Epithet(移就)is a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective or a descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really apply or belong. 移就是有意识的把描写A的词语移用来描写B。移就的运用可以使描写的人或物变得形象生动、
细腻微妙，而且融情于景、富于联想，表现力极强，能在具体的语言环境里起到意想不到的效果--------言不言之意，传难传之音，读起来意味隽永，发人深省。移就主要分为以下三种：⑴移人于物，即把描写人的词语用来描写物，把人的思想感情外射到客观事物中去，使其具有人的感情色彩，达到“草木为之含情，万物因之生辉”的艺术效果。⑵移物于人。即把描写事物的词语用来描写人，创造出一种特殊的情调，达到简洁生动，深刻有力的效果。⑶移物于物。即把用来修饰甲事物的词语拿来修饰乙事物，给读者一种新颖别致的感觉，从而给其留下深刻的印象。
Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. (L.2, Para 20)
上述例句中的spectacular本该修饰飓风，以形容飓风的壮观，但在此处却用于修饰vantage point，从而说明该位置有利于度假者观赏飓风来袭的壮观景象，给读者留下深刻的印象。
【课后习题】
Paraphrase
1.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.
2.The house was built in1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it.
3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
4.Water got into the generator, it stopped working. As a result all lights were put out.
5.Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars!
6.The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed/ruined by water.
7.As john watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland.
8.Oh, God, please help us to get through this dangerous situation.
9.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.
10.Janis didn't show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.
Translation
A.
1.Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.
2.The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant's emissions polluting the air.
3.Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of yuan.
4.The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.
5.Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not
perish.
6.To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.
7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated.
8.His wonderful dream vanished into the air despite his hard efforts to achieve his goals.
B.
1.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人——妻子珍妮斯和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁——明显处于危险之中。
2.随着一声巨响，楼上一个房间里的法式双开门砰地一声被风吹倒了。大家听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的像开枪一样的啪啪的响声。
3.大家都吓坏了，喘不过气来，全身都湿透了。他们坐在楼梯上，楼梯的两侧有内墙保护着。
4.谁都清楚已经无路可逃，是死是活他们只能留在房子里了。
5.过了一会儿，一阵强风把整个屋顶掀到了空中，将其抛到了40英尺之外。
6.在飓风中心约70英里宽的范围内，风速接近每小时200英里，掀起的海浪高达30英尺。
7.未被飓风刮倒的树上像结彩似的挂满被风撕成布条的衣服，吹断的电线像黑色的意大利面条一样一圈一圈的散落在路面上。
8.在废墟里寻找残留物品本应会令人沮丧，可事实上并非如此，因为每一件未被毁坏的东西都代表他们战胜狂风的一个小小的胜利。
C.
24科沙克老爸心里非常恼火，为自己再飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。也说不清为什么，他把一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫从卧室拖进了电视室。就在那时，风刮倒了一面墙壁，吹灭了提灯。又有一面墙在晃动。查尔斯希尔试图用自己的身体撑住它，但是墙塌在他的身上，砸伤了他的背。房子在颤动摇晃，已经从地基上挪开25英尺。世界好像要分崩离析了。
25“让我们把那个床垫竖起来！”约翰对自己的发亲喊道。“让它斜靠着挡挡风。让孩子们躲到床垫下面，我们可以用自己的头和肩膀把床垫顶住！”
26大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的压在他们身上，而大人们都弯下身子，把这9个孩子护在他们身下。地板倾斜了。装着那一窝小猫的盒子从一个架子上滑下来，一下子就消失在风中。猫妈妈斯普琪从一个活动书柜顶上被刮走，也不见了踪影。那只狗紧闭双眼，缩成一团。又有一面墙倒了。水拍打着倾斜的地板，约翰抓住一扇连在一面壁橱墙上的门。“地板要是塌了，”他对父亲喊道，“我们就把孩子们放到这上面。”
Unit2
【短语与表达】
1. At the sight of sth.一看见…就。例：Lucy has been known to faint at the sight
of blood.
2. Back away (from sb/sth)躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免做讨厌的事；退
避；例：Girls quickly back away from the fierce dog.
3. Be oblivious of/to sth.未注意；不知道；未察觉。例：He is oblivious of some
people looking at him.
4. bob up and down 迅速上下快速移动；摆动。例：Some tiny boats bobbed up
and down in the harbor.一些小船在港湾中颠簸。
5. By trade 就职业而言。例：He is a tailor by trade.他的职业是裁缝。
6. fall out 掉落，脱落。例：His hair is falling out.
7. flash by /past 飞逝。例：The afternoon has just flashed by.
8. Have a lump in one’s throat (因愤怒或情绪激动而引起的) 哽咽；喉咙哽住：
I had a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears. 我喉咙哽咽，拼命地
想止住眼泪。
9. Have little to do with sb./sth. 与……毫不相干。例：They have little to do with
this matter.
10. Heave a sigh (常指吃力的)缓慢发出叹息音；例：They all heaved a sigh of
relief. 他们都如释重负的舒了一口气。
11. In response to. 对…的反应；对…的回应。例：The product was developed
in response to market demand.这种产品是为了满足市场需求而开发的。12. Linger on 苟延残喘，奄奄一息。例：The old man lingered on for several
months after the heart attack.
13. march on 继续进行；快速经过。例：Time marches on and they still have not
made a decision.时间过得飞快，而他们却还没拿定主意。
14. On one’s mind 挂在心上；惦念。例：I have always been on my mother’s
mind.
15. On the part of sb./on sb’s part 由某人所为。例：It was an error on my part.
16. Rub shoulders/elbows with sb 与某人接触（或交往）。例：This is a rare
opportunity to rub shoulders with the rich and famous.这是个与富翁和名人接触的难得的机会。
17. Screech to a halt. （车辆）嘎地停住。例：The car screeched to a halt outside
the hotel.
18. Set off 出发；动身；启程。例：We set off for Paris just after 9.
19. Sink in (话语、事情等)被完全理解，被充分意识到。He paused to allow his
words to sink in.他停顿了一下，好让人充分领会他的意思。
20. Smell of sth.有（或发出）…气味。例：Her breath smelt of garlic.她嘴里有
蒜味。
【修辞手法剖析】
1. Sarcasm(讽刺) is a way of using words that are the opposite of what you
mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them.讽刺诗运用一定的语言表达方式，显示事物内部的不协调性，暴露其荒谬可笑的本质，以贬责、否定该事物或该事物的某个方面的修辞手法。讽刺带有强烈的感情色彩，主要用于针砭现实、揭露腐败现象，也可用于善意的批评某些缺点、错误，表达社会的公正。讽刺可分为⑴夸张讽刺，即运用夸张的手法，将讽刺对象予以漫画式的艺术变形，使其更加显示出内在本质的丑态。⑵对照讽刺，即运用对比的手法，显现人物前后不同的行为，形成一种强烈对照，充分暴露人物的虚假面孔。⑶仿拟讽刺，即运用仿拟的手法，造成一种人为的语词错位，揭露某种可憎可笑的丑陋现象。⑷比喻讽刺，即运用比喻的方
法，充分揭示了讽刺对象的可笑特征。⑸反语讽刺，即运用反语的手法，或反话反说，或正话反说，表现出对描写对象的鄙薄和轻慢。
①Hiroshima-------the “Liveliest ”City in Japan.(Tibet)
②If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in
Japan, even if many of the town’s people still bear hidden wounds, and burns. (L.3, Para 27)
①中的the“Liveliest”City 和②中的the gayest city 均运用了讽刺的修辞手法。众所周知，广岛曾经在遭到原子弹袭击之后成为“死亡之城”，而作者却用the “Liveliest ”(最有活力的)和the gayest(最快乐的)来修饰广岛，反话正说，属于反语讽刺。即使故意忘记历史，广岛也不可能变成最有活力的、最快乐的城市，因为历史给广岛人民乃至全世界人民留下的教训太沉重了。
2. Alliteration(头韵) is the use of the same sound at the beginning of words
that are close together,头韵在英语中又叫initial rhyme 或head rhyme,头韵作为一种修辞手法，指的是在一组词、一句话或一行诗里，在彼此靠近的两个或两个以上的词中，其开头的音节具有相同或接近相同的发音，通常是相同的字母形式。头韵主要有三种形式：词首辅音的重复、词首辅音连缀的重复和词首元音的重复，如now or never(机不可失失不再来)；pride and prejudice（傲慢与偏见）；first and foremost（首先）。但应当注意的是，不发音的字母本身不能构成头韵，如physical pain 就不构成头韵，因为physical 中字母p 并不发/p/音。头韵的主要作用是增强语言的节奏感，或用于模拟很多事物的声响，使语言表达更为生动形象。特别是有些头韵短语既简洁明快又富有表现力，还具有音乐感，起到渲染和对比的作用。在现代英语中，头韵的运用较广，除主要用于诗歌，散文、谚语、警句外，还常用于广告、书名以及报刊文章的标题等。
①…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in the Hiroshima
Station. (L.2, Para 1)
②I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
(L.5, Para 31)
①中的slipped 和stop均以辅音/s/开头，押头韵，这使得火车渐渐滑行停稳的过程更加形象化。②中的testing 和treating 均以辅音/t/开头，押头韵，加快了语言节奏，表现出治疗过程的复杂。
3. Metaphor(暗喻)
①And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad
thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. (L.5, Para 1)
②The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh,
when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. (L.2, Para 5)
①中把哽咽的情形比喻成肿块，形象的描写出作者当时的心情。②中把接待人员长叹的声音比喻成音乐，使本来很尴尬的场面变得轻松活泼，描写了门口接待员无可奈何长叹的情形，说明作者已经不是第一个走错地方的人了。
4. Synecdoche(提喻) is a figure of speech in which a part of something is
used to represent a whole, or a whole is used to represent a part of something .提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物本身所呈现的各种
对应的现象来表现该事物的一种修辞手法。提喻主要是借助于部分相似，大致归纳为四种情况：1）部分和全体互代；2）以材料代替事物；3）抽象和具体互代；4）以个体代替整类。
The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (L.5, Para 7)
上述例句中作者用little old Japan指代旧式日本小屋，使文章的表达丰富多彩，生动形象，简洁明快。
5. Metonymy(转喻)is the act of referring to something by the name of
something else that is closely connected with it. 转喻指当甲事物与乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，用乙事物的名称来指代甲事物的一种修辞手法。转喻的重点不是在“相似”，而是在“联想”。以联想为基础，指代和被指代的事物紧密相关，存在某种现实联系是转喻这一修辞手法的特点。
The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige con crete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (L.5, Para 7)
上述例句中作者使用kimono 和miniskirt 分别象征性地来指代日本传统文化和西方现代文化，而struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt则代表了新旧事物之间或东西方观念之间的冲突。
6. Onomatopoeia(拟声) is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds
made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement.拟声是指模拟自然界声响，需要人的主观情感蕴含在内的，从而产生相类似并让人认同或感知的声音的一种修辞手法。拟声能使语言具体、生动，给人以身临其境之感，还可以使语言达到幽默、含蓄和讽刺等修辞效果。
Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to
a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way.
(L.1, Para 4)
上述例句中的screeched to a halt 运用的是拟声的修辞手法，形象的描述出出租车突然停下的情形，也显示出作者对此颇感意外。
7. Parallelism(排比) refers to the similarity of structure in a pair or series of
related words, phrases, or clauses.排比是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气前后一致的语言成分平行并列在一起。它具有结构整齐、节奏鲜明、表达简练、语义突出的特点，能有效地增强语势，表达强烈的感情，说明深刻的道理，故广泛见于诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧和演讲中。
……and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony. (L.3, Para 9)
上述例句中的两个where引导的定语从句句式工整，使用了排比，使句子所表达的感情更为强烈，突出了原子弹所造成的危害之大。
8. Anti-climax(渐降) refers to the sudden appearance of a ridiculous or trivial
idea following one or more significant or elevated ideas in a descending
order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. Anti-climax is usually comic in effect.渐降表述的概念方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列，语势由强而弱，语气由重到轻，以达到取笑、讽刺或惊奇的结果。
Seldom has a city gained such world-renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its------oysters. (L.1, Para 17)
上述例句表达的意思是，与会听众，包括作者在内，都认为广岛闻名于世的原因是曾经遭受过原子弹的袭击，但市长却停顿了一下（破折号在此表示停顿），之后说出了牡蛎这个词，与听众的预想大相径庭，充分表达了作者的惊愕，这是典型的渐降的修辞手法。另外，广岛市长之所以大谈牡蛎而只字不提原子弹带来的灾难，是因为他不想使在场的美国人陷入难堪的境地，同时也是希望人们忘掉过去的悲剧，而且广岛的牡蛎的确闻名于世。9. Climax(渐升) is derived from the Greek word for “ladder”and implies the
progression of thought at a uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. That is, it involves arrangement of phrase or sentences in ascending order of importance.与渐降相反，渐升是把一系列的短语或句子用升级的方法按语势的强度顺序排列的一种修辞手法。
No one talks about it any more, and no one want to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through it. (L.1, Para 23)
上述例句中从“没有人再去谈它了”到“没有人愿意再提起它”，使程度逐渐加深，语义逐渐加强化，深刻的阐明了作者的观点，同时也拨动了读者的心弦。
10. Euphemism(委婉语) is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive
expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.英文euphemism一词源自希腊语，字面意思是“吉言”或“好的说法”。一般认为，表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或者动听的言词，均在委婉语之列。
英语中的委婉语可分为传统委婉语和文体委婉语。传统委婉语与禁忌语密切相关。像生、病、死、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌事物，如果直接表达，那就是禁忌语，给人的感觉是粗鄙、生硬、刺耳、无理。反之，如果间接表达，就是委婉语，给人的印象是典雅、含蓄、中听、有礼。文体委婉语，实际上是恭维话、溢美之词，与禁忌语并无关系。英美人（尤其是当代美国人）在交际过程中，为了表示礼貌、避免冲突，或是为了争取合作，有时会采用夸饰的手法，对一些令人不快的事物以美言相称。
Everyday that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird ,and e add it to the others. (L.1, Para 38)
上述例句中的earthly cares 是委婉语，指的是现实的生活和所遭受的病痛，表达出作者内心对遭受原子弹爆炸辐射的病人的深深的同情。11．Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）Is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply.
Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about what the answer (often obvious ) to the question might be .修辞疑问句不需要回答意思就很
明确，只是为了达到某种效果，常常表示强调。修辞疑问句的使用可以使语言十分形象生动，严肃又不失活泼，给人留下深刻的印象。
Was I not at the scene of the crime? (L.10, Para 1)
上述例句是修辞疑问句，表达出作者当时沉重的罪恶感，在严肃的报道内容中巧妙地表达了自己的情感。
【课后习题】
Paraphrase
1.Serious-looking men were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the crowds about them.
2.At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall.
3.The rather striking picture of traditional floating houses among high, modern building represents the constant struggle between traditional Japanese culture and the news, Western style.
4.I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.
5.The few Americans and Germans also seemed to feel restrained like me.
6.After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual in greeting and to show gratitude.
7.I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.
8....and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments which were nickel plated and even healthy visitors when they see those instruments could not help shivering.
9.I have the chance to raise my moral standard because of the illness. Translation
A.
1.There is not a soul in the hall. The meeting must have been put off.
2.That modern construction looks very much like a flying saucer.
3.Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.
4.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.
5.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
6.What he did had nothing to do with her.
7.She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.
8.I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.
9.He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.
10.It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.
11.The soil smells of fresh grass.
12.Could you spare me a few minutes?
13.Could you spare me a ticket?
14.That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.
B.
1.其次，我感情激动，喉咙哽咽，愁思连绵，这同日本铁路官员说什么毫不相干。
2.路上广岛的土地，呼吸者广岛的空气，这件事本身就比我过去的任何旅行或采访任务更为激动人心。难道我不是就在犯罪的现场吗？
3.这座历经磨难的城市中的高楼大厦从我们身边一座座飞掠而过，而同时我们也随着司机急打方向盘而在车里东倒西歪。
4.出乎意料，在车站经历的那种感情冲动又回来了。当想到我现在是站在第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方时，我心头沉重。就在这儿，成千上万的人在原子弹爆炸的一刹那遭到杀害。另有成千上万的人忍受痛苦的折磨，慢慢死去。
5.“没有多少城市能有此盛名。我自豪而高兴地欢迎你们来到广岛，一座因其牡蛎而闻名于世的城市。”
6.“在这个牡蛎之城，有两派不同的看法，一派主张保留轰炸的遗迹，另一派主张消除一切痕迹，甚至连在轰炸中心竖立的纪念碑也拆掉。”
7.“如果你要报导这座城市，请不要忘记指出这是日本最为欢快的城市，尽管城里不少人还暗暗地受着灼伤。”
8.“后来我的头发慢慢脱落，腹部开始出现水肿。”
C.
38“那些是我的幸运鸟。我从死神那儿逃脱出来的每一天，病痛帮我从世俗的烦恼中解放出来的每一天，我都要折一只新的小纸鸟，把它放到其他的纸鸟中去。就这样我看着它们，庆幸疾病给我带来的好运。因为多亏了疾病，才使我有完善性格的机会。”
39 出了医院来到外面，我又一次撕碎了一个小笔记本，那上面记着我预先准备的采访原子弹病区病人时要问的一些问题。其中有一个问题是:你真的认为广岛是日本最有活力的城市吗？我没有问这个问题，但我能从每个人的眼神中读到答案。
Unit3
【短语与表达】
1.At length：①.经过一段时间以后；最后：“I still don’t agree with you,”he said at length.”我还是不同意你的看法。”他最后说道。②详尽的：He talked at length about his research work in America.
2. Be adapt at in (doing) sth. 擅长（做）某事：That actress is very adapt at keeping her private life out fo the media.
3. Be on the lookout (for sb. sth.)注意...；警戒...；留心...；FBI is on the lookout for secret agent these days
4. Be riveted on sb. Sth. 盯着...看；目不转睛地看...All eyes were riveted on her in horror
5.Be tucked away ①坐落于，位于（僻静的地方）：That village is tucked away in a valley.②被收藏；被隐藏；The letters from her parents were all tucked away in a delicate box,
6.Buy sb, off ①打断（某人并阻止其讲话）：My explanation was cut off roughly.
②停止，中断（供给）：Their water supply has been cut off.
7. Cut sth. Out (让人停止做或说恼人的事）住口，打住：I’m sick of your complaining---just cut it out!
8. Fall victim (to sth.) 受伤；受损；被害：Many innocent people fell victim to that event.
9. Figure sb. Sth. Out ①弄清楚；想出：We must figure out how to slove the money problem.②.计算（数量或成本）：He has figure out how much the trip will cost.
10. Gamble on (doing) sth. 冒...的风险；碰...的运气；She gambled on being
able to buy a ticket at the last minute.
11. In return (for sth.) ①.作为（对...的）汇报：I bought him a gift in return for his help.②作为回应：She didn’t answer my question, and just shook her head in return.
12. Keep a tight rein on sb. Sth. 对...严加控制（或约束）；牢牢驾驭...；It is
essential to keep a tight rein on public spending.
13.Match up 相同；相一致：The two witnesses’ testimonies don’t match up at
all.
14. play (silly) games (with sb.) (与某人）耍花招，玩鬼把戏：Don’t play silly
games with me;I know you did it.
15.pull off 把（汽车）驶离大陆（停下或进入路）：They pull off the road to get
some food.
16. spell sth. out 解释明白；说清楚：If you don’t know what I mean,I’ll spell it
out.
17.take one’s time 从容不迫；慢慢来：Take your time.We still have half an hour
before the movie begins.
18. Throw the book (at sb,)从严惩处（罪犯）If he gets caught one day,they will
throw the book at him.
【修辞手法剖析】
1.Sarcasm（讽刺）
1）Earlier she had dispatch her maid on an invented errand and, cruelly, instructed the moonfaced male secretary ---who was terrified of dogs---to exercise the Bedlington terriers.(L.1Para.2）
2）The house detective’s pigg y eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jeweled face.(L.1Para.4)
1)中用invented(人为制造的）来修饰名词errand（小差事），讽刺了公爵夫人心里很明白他们与保安头目这次面谈的具体内容，因此进行了精心的准备；同时公爵夫人用让the moon-faced male’secretary----who was terrified of dogs（圆脸的、非常怕狗的男秘书）去遛狗，讽刺了公爵夫人对身边的人并不仁慈。2）中将保安头目的眼睛比作piggy eyes（猪眼），讽刺他的丑陋奸诈，诡计多端，又将他的脸描写成his gross jowled face（堆满赘肉的脸），讽刺他的贪婪无比。【课后习题】
Paraphrase
1. Ogilvie said these words with great contempt and sudden rudeness as if he was spitting. He threw away his pretended politeness.
2. When they find who killed the mother and the kid and the ran away,they'll
deal out the maximum punishment,and they will not care who will be punished in this case or what their social position is.
3. The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from her noble family who had belonged to the nobility for more than three hundred years. So she did not give in easily.
4. The Duchess was a good actress and she appeared so firm about their innocence that,for a brief moment,Ogilvie felt unsure if his assumption about them was right. But the moment was very short and passed quickly.
5. The house detective was in no hurry. He enjoyed his cigar and puffed a cloud of blue cigar smoke in a relaxed manner. At the same time ,his eyes were fixed disdainfully on the Duchess as if he was openly daring her to object to his smoking a cigar,as she has done earlier.
6. If anybody who stays in this hotel does anything wrong,improper or unusual,
I always get to know about it. There is not much that can escape me.
7. The Duchess kept firm and tight control of her mind which is working quickly. The Duchess is thinking quickly, but at the same time keeping her thoughts under control.
8. Furthermore, when they stopped for a petrol, as it would be necessary,their speech and manner would reveal their identity. British English would be particularly noticeable in the South.
9. She must not make any mistakes in her plan, or water in mind and show indecision or deal with the situation carelessly due to small-mindedness. In other words she had to take a big chance,to do something very daring,so she must be bold, resolute,decisive and rise to the occasion.
Translation
A.
1. There is no need for hungry. Take your time.
2. Are you suggesting that I am telling a lie?
3. He tried every means to conceal the fact.
4. Our chance to succeed is very slim. Nevertheless we shall do our utmost.
5. We will have our meeting at 10 tomorrow morning unless notified otherwise.
6. Neither of us is adept at figures.
7. Would it be possible to reach that place before dark assuming we set out at 5 am?
8. He was reluctant to comply with her request.
9. I know you are from the South of China. Your accent has betrayed you.
10. We have no alternative in this matter.
B.
1.她自己的紧张程度并没有减轻，因为她知道他们两人随时都有可能回来。
2.随着一股雪茄烟味，奥吉勒维进了门。
3.奥吉勒维不紧不慢地拿掉呛人的雪茄，弹掉烟灰，把烟蒂朝右手边的装饰壁炉甩去。
4.“听着，该知道的我都知道。我如果按照正当程序做我应该做的事，那么一帮警察会闪电般地到来。”
5.她立刻站了起来，和粗鲁的饭店侦探正面对峙。她满脸怒气，灰绿色的眼睛闪着光。
6.“新奥尔良的街道弯弯曲曲，很容易弄错方向。”
7."如果你那样做，就等于到警察局去自首。"
8.她再次意识到，领导的责任又落到她的肩上。此刻，她的丈夫紧张而激动，面对她与这个坏胖子之间的交锋，他只能袖手旁观。
9.她目不转睛地盯着他的脸，那张漂亮的高颧骨脸庞摆出咄咄逼人的样子。
10.“付给你钱后，我们什么好处也得不到，除了可能有几天临时的喘息时间。”
C.
82今天是星期二。从这个家伙所讲的情况看来，他们最多能拖到星期五或星期六。公爵夫人冷静的盘算了一番：时态的发展取决于一个关键的问题。假使买通了这个保安头目，他们唯一的机会----一个渺茫的机会---就在于迅速把汽车弄走。若能将汽车弄到北方某个大城市里去，那儿的人们不知道新奥尔良发生的这起车祸和警方的追捕，车子可以在那里悄悄修好，这样罪证也就消除了。那么，即使以后怀疑到克罗伊顿夫妇身上，也没有什么真凭实据。但车子如何能弄走呢？
100 克洛伊顿公爵夫人知道，接下来要做的事也许是她一生所做过的最重要的一件。决不能因为自己的气量小而出半点差错，决不能优柔寡断或举棋不定。要想赢大钱，就得下下大赌注。她打算利用这个胖子的贪婪赌一把。她必须这样做以确保结果万无一失。
Unit6
【短语与表达】
1. Acquaint sb. Onself with sth. 使熟悉…;使了解…；例：Please acquaint us
with the fact of the case.请把这件事的实情告诉我们。
2. All over ①到处；处处；I look all over for my purse.②正如所提到的人那
样；十分像；十足。例：That sounds like my elder brother all over.这听起来很像我的哥哥。
3. Drag in sth . sb.把毫不相干的事插入谈论：毫无必要的扯到：例：we
disapproved of her dragging in his private life.我们不赞成把他的私生活扯进话题。
4. Dry up 枯竭，耗尽：例：The main source of income, tourism, is expected to
dry up completely this summer. 作为主要收入来源的旅游业预计将在今年夏天彻底枯竭。
5. Every bit as…..(as sb. sth)和某人/某事物同样…：He is every bit as mean
as his father.他与他父亲一样平庸。
6. Find expression 表达或表露出来：例：The writer’s anger finds ex pression
in the last paragraph of the article.
7. Flirt with sth.①玩儿似的想做某事：He flirted with the idea of becoming a
playwright when he was younger. 他年轻时曾闹着玩儿似的想过当剧作家。
②冒险，不顾危险后果：flirt with danger/death/disaster.冒险；玩命儿，不
把灾祸当回事。
8. In earnest①（更加）严肃的，认真的，坚定的：The discussion on the plan
will begin in earnest next week.对那个计划的讨论将在下周正式开始②郑重其事，当真：Be serious, He spoke in earnest.
9. In print①书籍继续印行：His books haven’t been in print for 20 years.②已
刊印，已出版：He felt very excited when he saw his name in print for the first time.
10. Live by sth 按照（某种信念或原则）生活：That’s a principle I could live by.
11. Of no consequence不重要；无关紧要: Don’t worry. It’s of no consequence.
12. Of sorts （表示某事物不够好）勉强算的，凑合的：The boy offered his teacher
an apology of sorts。那个男孩给他的老师勉强道了个歉。
13. Soak sth. up①吸收，洗掉：例：Soak up the splashed water with a cloth.
用布把溅出来的水吸去②（通过感官、身心）吸取，摄取：例：She was sitting quietly on a corner seat, soaking up the atmosphere.
14. Teem with 充满，遍布，到处都是（移动的人，动物等）：例：The park was
teeming with tourists.公寓里游人如织。A lake teeming with fish.盛产鱼的湖泊。
【修辞手法剖析】
1. Simile（明喻）
①Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic
cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure. (L.1,Para.1)
②……together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memeory
that seemed phonographic, (L.6,Para.4)
①中作者把马克吐温比喻成其其作品主人公哈克和汤姆的父亲。②中作者将马克吐温的记忆比作留声机，说明其记忆力超常，形象的说明其作品语言丰富，描绘生动、准确。
2. Metaphor（暗喻）
①Mark Twain-Mirror of America
②……who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (L 8, Para 1)
③…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (L2, Para5).
④He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and
silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region( L1, Para 7)
①中把马克吐温比作美国的一面镜子，说明作为一位文学巨匠，他的作品反映了当时美国人的物质及精神世界的真实状况。②中用a black wall of night比喻马克吐温对前途的失望和绝望。③中分别用artery和heart指主航道和中心地带，把密西西比河比喻成国家运输的“大动脉”，并把其周围地区比喻为美国的“心脏”。
④用epidemic和fever来比喻淘金淘银的盛行和当时人们的狂热。
3. Sarcasm（讽刺）
1）….I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.(L5 para6)
2）…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night.(L2 Para13)
1) 中马克吐温说自己比想出撤退方法的人更善于撤退，这里“想出撤退方法的人”指的是南方邦联游击队员，马克吐温旨在讽刺他们只是退却而没有勇气去战斗。2）
旨在讽刺土耳其统治者苏丹的无能，比苏丹有能力的人，比比皆是。
4. Alliteration(头韵)
1）The cast of the characters set before him in his new profession was reach and varied----a cosmos. (L.2,Para .4)
2)…for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloth stayed at
hom e…(L.8,Para .9)
3) It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up
astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequence s…(L.9,Para .9) 1)中cast characters cosmos,均以辅音/k/开头，押头韵。2）中
slow,sleepy,sluggish-brained, sloths,stayed均以辅音/s/开头，押头韵。3)中dash,daring,均以辅音/d/开头，cost,consequences均以辅音/k/来头，押头韵。
5.Antithesis(对照)
1）…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are(L.4,Para.5).
2)Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy
verbal shots at the Holy Land.(L3 Para 13)
3) …a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.(L9
Para9)
lament them a day 和forget them forever 1) 中what people claim to be 和what they really are意义相对，意在突出“言”与“行”的差距。2) unholy 和holy 意义相对，意在说明马克吐温擅长运用讽刺手法。3) 中lament them
a day 和forget them forever形成对比，表现了马克吐温悲观的世界观。
6.Hyperbole(夸张)
1) Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic
cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of
freedom and adventure. (L.1,Para.1)
2) America laughed with him. (L.5,Para.13)
1)中eternal 和endless 使用的是夸张的手法，突出深受读者喜爱的Tom Sawyer和Huck Finn两个鲜活、可爱的文学形象所具有的永恒的魅力。2)中说整个美国都和他共同欢笑，运用了夸张的手法（同时也是拟人手法，提喻手法），意在突出说明马克吐温的幽默创作深入人心，广受欢迎。
7. Metonymy（转喻）
1）…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.( L
4 Para 8)
2）Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles…..(L 1 Para9)
1) 用Pen 和pickax 分别指代他的写作能力和淘金体力2) 用muscles 代指能力
8. Euphemism（委婉语）
1）…he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men’s final release from earthly struggles…. (L 2 Para22)
上述例句中final release from earthly struggles 是death的委婉语
【课后习题】
Paraphrase
1.Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventure of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The youth and summer are eternal because this is the only age and time we knew them. They are frozen in that age/season for all readers.
2.His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It is a world of all types of characters.
3.All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.
4.Steamboat decks were filled with people who explored and prepared the way for others and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers,gamblers and thugs.
5.He took a horse-drawn public vehicle and went west to Nevada,following the flow of people in the gold rush.
6.Mark Twain began to work hard as a newspaper reporter and humorist to become well known locally.
7.Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were the slow, dull and lazy people.
8.That's typical of California.
9.If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers.
10.At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.
Translation
A
1. Tom was every bit as intelligent as the top one in his class.
2. He was obsessed with fear of poverty.
3. Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps.
4. Under pressure, he had no choice but quit.
5. At that time many children succumbed to small pox.
6. Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded.
7. Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation.
8. That’s Peter all over.
9. The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations.
10. The pursuit and anxiety of young people find expression in the
newly-staged play.
B
1.马克吐温出生时的名字是塞缪尔朗赫恩克莱门斯，后来才改叫马克吐温。他一
生中有三分之一的时间是在全国游历，体验新的美国历程，然后以作家和幽默家的身份，与世界分享这种历程。
2.所有这一切都会以一种多彩的语言形式在他的书中再现，这种语言与他那留声机般的记忆相融合。
3.轮船的甲板上不仅聚集了具有开创精神的主流人群，也挤满了骗子、妓女、赌徒、恶棍这样的残渣。
4.从他们身上，马克吐温对人类有了更为敏锐的认识，看到了人们言与行之间的差距。
5.对一个习惯于由西海岸引领流行趋势的现代世界来说，他对那些落脚尚未开发的荒凉之地的人们的描述听上去一点也不生疏。
6.他不经意地揭穿了那些受尊敬的艺术家和艺术珍宝，还尖锐地将圣地批评了一翻。
7.“这位寡妇按点吃饭；按点睡觉；按点起床——一切都那么井井有条、循规蹈矩，让人受不了。”
8.他与一个脱逃的黑奴乘一条木筏顺密西西比河而下的经历就是一副美国社会的动态全景。
9.“... ...他们从世上消失了，在那个世界上，他们无足轻重，一事无成；在那个世界上，他们本身的存在就是个错误，就是个失败，就是一桩愚蠢的事；在那个世上，他们没有留下任何表明他们曾经存在过的痕迹。那个世界将为他们哀悼一日，然后永远地将他们忘却。”
C.
1在大多数美国人的心中，马克吐温是哈克费恩在永恒的童年时代诗情画意的游历和汤姆索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在的生活及历险的塑造者。这位在美国最受喜爱的作家也的确如人们所能想象的那样，充满进取精神，爱国热情，浪漫情怀以及幽默感。但我也发现了另一个马克吐温----一个因经历了人生痛苦而变得愤世嫉俗，尖酸刻薄，郁郁寡欢的马克吐温，一个因为人类的弱点而忧心忡忡的人，他清晰的看到眼前是一堵黑暗之墙。
15 早在1870年，马克吐温就尝试过写一个关于一个名叫比利罗杰斯的男孩的童年历险故事。两年后，他将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并将他的历险故事改编成舞台剧本。知道1874年他才开始认真的拓展故事情节。《汤姆索亚》于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。汤姆的顽皮勇敢，机智灵活以及他对贝姬撒切尔天真纯洁的感情几乎像《独立宣言》一样成为今天美国学校里的必读经典。
Unit7
【短语与表达】
1.Burn sth. to the ground 把...夷为平地；把...烧为灰烬：If you don’t do this, I’ll burn this place to the ground.
2.Crop up (尤指意外地）出现，发生：They are discussing the problems that have recently cropped up.
3.Fight sb. sth. Off 击退；抵抗：We use them to fight off the bad bacteria.
4.Go through the motions 走过场；做姿态：I think I’d better go through the motions.我认为我最好还是装装样子。
5.Hand sth. Down (to sb.)把事物传下去；传给（后代）：This ring has been
handed down in my family for generations.
6.Hang about（在某处附近)等待，逗留，闲荡：Kids hang about in the streets at weekends.
7.In the palm of one’s hand 在某人的控制之下：The dictator held the fate of his country in the palm of his hand.
8.Keep up (with sb. Sth.)（与...）齐头并进；跟上（...)：The world is changing so fast that we can hardly keep up with the pace of change.
9.Look sb. In the eye(s) (坦然或问心无愧地）直视某人，正视某人：She know he was lying because he didn’t dare to look her in the eye.
10.Make a dash for ... 快速冲向...: We jumped into the car and make a dash for railway.
11.Make something of oneself 有所成就；获得成功：He has went straight and determined to make something of himself.
12.Out of the way 结束；处理完：We’d better get this problem out of the way before we set off.
13.Ran over sb. Sth. 撞倒并碾压：The poor cat was run over by a truck and killed on the spot.
14.Stare sb.down 盯得某人转移目光（或慌了神）：A man at the next table stared me down.邻桌的一位男士盯着我看，使我坐立不安。
15.Talk a blue streak 连续不断地聊个没完：My grandmother could talk a blue streak when she wanted to.
16.Tear sth. down 拆毁，拆除（建筑物、墙等）：They have torn down that dangerous wall.
【修辞手法剖析】
1.Hyperbole （夸张）
1) ...showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink shirt and red
blouse for me to know she’s there, almost hidden by the door.(L.1Para.7)
2)...chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle...(L.4Para.9)
3) And she stops and tries to dig a well in sand with her toe.(L.2Para.18)
4) She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the trip of her nose
and thin.(L.1Para.81)
1)中的almost hidden by the door运用了夸张的修辞手法，形容玛吉身材瘦小，外加一件粉红色裙子和一件红色衬衣，似乎整个身体被门挡住了。2)中的chin on chest是一种形象的夸张，渲染出玛吉心态上的怯懦和卑微。因为在现实生活中，一个人在走路的时候可以把头压得很低，但不可能把下巴压到胸部。3）中dig a well in the sand with her toe运用了夸张的修辞手法，表明玛吉当时的紧张不安。
4)的整个句子运用了夸张的修辞手法，形容迪伊装束的怪异。
2.Analogy（类比）is a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features.类比指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，通过比喻手法的综合运用帮助说明道理或描述某种复杂情况。
Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind to him?(L.1Para.9)
上述例句中把玛吉走路的样子和小狗被撞后走路的样子进行比较，用跛腿的小狗
来影射玛吉的无辜与可怜。
3.Simile(明喻）
1) I am the way my daughter would want me to be:...my skin like an uncooked
barely pancake.
2)...the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.(L.3Para.15)
3) Hair is all over his head o foot long and hanging from his chin like kinky
mule tail.(L.5Para.19)
4) It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep .It is black as night and
around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears.(L.9Para.20)
5) Maggie’s hand is as limp as a fish ,and probably as cold ,despite the
sweat...(L.2Para.23)
6) Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s...(L.1Para.53)
1)中将白皙光滑的皮肤比喻成大麦饼，暗示迪伊不喜欢母亲的肤色，说明她并不以自己有一个黑人母亲为荣。2）中将迪伊尖酸刻薄的幽默比喻成碱水里的气泡，暗示迪伊的这种幽默可能会伤害别人。3）中迪伊男朋友的头发比喻成一条扭结的骡子尾巴，达到了一种幽默的效果。4）中将迪伊的头发比喻成羊毛，并将其头发的颜色比喻成黑夜，从而告知读者迪伊的头发直顺而且黑亮；此外，将迪伊扎着的两根长长的辫子比喻成小蜥蜴。5）中将玛吉的手比喻成一条冰冷无力的鱼，说明玛吉当时非常紧张。6）中将玛吉的大脑比喻成大象的大脑，因为大象的记忆力很好，此处迪伊讽刺玛吉好像什么都能记住。
4.Metaphor(暗喻）
1) She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of
knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know.(L.5Para.11)
2) When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and
ran down to the soles of my feet.(L.1Para.75)
1)中的washed和burned运用了暗喻的修辞手法，暗示白人文化犹如洪水和大水一样给黑人文化带了巨大的冲击和破坏。2）中运用了暗喻的修辞手法表明母亲突然得到了一种顿悟，而这种顿悟带来的冲击力好像自己受到了重击一样。
5.Metonymy(转喻）
Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.(L.12Para.5)
上述例句中的quick and witty tongue运用了转喻的修辞手法，用说话的器官来代指说话速度和口齿伶俐。
【课后习题】
Paraphrase
1. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life and that she can always have anything she wants.
2. Because I am fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather.
3. Johnny Carson has a witty and glib tongue. But I outdo him and so he has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.
4. I'm ready to leave as quickly as possible because of discomfort, nervousness, timidity, etc., and turn my head away from them in order to avoid
them as much as possible for the same reason.
5. She would always look at somebody directly and steadily, not feeling embarrassed or ashamed.
6. She imposed on us lots of falsity and so-called knowledge that was totally useless and irrelevant to us.
7. She was homely and poor. Besides she was not smart.
8. Meanwhile Dee's boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way.
9. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches.
10. He just stood here with a grin on his face and looked at me as if inspecting something old and out-of-date.
11. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.
12. I don't need the quilts to remind me of Grandma Dee. She lives in my memory.
Translation
A.
1. A big fire burned to the ground more than 300 homes in the slum neighborhood.
2. If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you will be able to look anyone in the eye.
3. This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the skirt.
4. Let's talk about the matter over a cup of coffee.
5. He couldn't imagine why people were opposed to his views.
6. Stepping out of a car the official was confronted by two terrorists.
7. As long as we stick to these principles, we will surely succeed.
8. She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself.
9. It's hard to trace the origin of the reference.
B.
1.我在院子里等她来。昨天下午我和玛吉把院子扫得干干净净，笤帚扫过的地方留有波浪纹。
2.当硬土地面扫得和屋子的地面一样干净时，当院子边缘的细沙被小小的、不规则的沟槽勾勒出线条时，任何人都可以进到院子里坐坐，看着院子里的榆树，等待微风习习吹来，而微风永远都吹不进房间里。
3.自从大火把我们的老房子烧为灰烬后，她（玛吉）就是这样：低着头，眼睛看着地，走路拖着脚。
4.有时我还能听到火焰燃烧，感到玛吉的手臂紧紧拉着我，她的头发冒着烟，她的衣裙像黑色的薄纸片一样从身上飘落下来。
5.那算不上是真正的窗户，仅仅是在屋子的侧墙上挖的洞而已，好像船上的舷窗，但既不圆也不方，外面用生牛皮固定住窗板。
6.每拍一张照片，她必定把房子照进去。
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
初一至初三英语短语 doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。 初一至初三英语重点短语初一至初三英语重点短语 初一年级（上） 1. sit down 坐下 2. on duty 值日 3. in English 用英语 4. have a seat 请坐 5. at home 在家 6. look like 看起来像初一年级（下） 4. all day 整天 6. be over 结束 7. come back 回来 8. come from 来自 9. do one’s homework 做作业 10. do the shopping 购物初二年级（上） 1. on time 准时 3. give a talk 作报告 4. for example 例如 6. a waste of time 浪费时间 7. go on a field trip 去郊游 9. on the right 在右边 10. next week 下一周 11. the day after tomorrow 后天 12. have a picnic 去野餐 15. hurry up 快点 7. look at 看 8. have a look 看一看 9. come on 加油 10. at work 在上班 11. at school 在学校 12. put on 穿上 13. look after 照顾 14. get up 起床 15. go shopping 去购物 16. help sb. do sth. 帮某人做某事 11. get down 下来 12. get home 13. get to 16.go fishing 去钓鱼 17.go boating 去划船18.go swimming 去游泳 21. have breakfast 吃早饭 22. have lunch 吃午饭 23. have supper 吃晚饭 24. listen to 听25. not…at all 一点也不27. put…away 收起来放好 28. take off 脱掉 32. in the morning 在上午/ 33. on a farm 在农场 17. in the open air 在户外 21. get home 到家 22. agree with 同意 26. in front of 在前面 27. on the left 在左边 28. next to 在隔壁 30. keep healthy 保持健康 31. grow up 成长 32. at the same time 同时 34.be good at 擅长 37. a moment ago 刚才 38. just now 刚才 39. by the way 顺便说一声 40. all the time 一直 41. at first 起初 44. be friendly to sb.对某人友好 45. had better do sth.最好做某事 初二年级（中） 1. give a concert 举办音乐会 2. fall down 落下 3. go on 继续 4. at the end of 在…的尽头 5. go back 回去 6. in a hurry 急忙 7. write down 写下 8. come out 出来 9. all the year round 一整年 10. later on 过后 11. at times 有时 12. ring sb. up 打电话给某人 13. for example 例如14. have a party 举办宴会 16. hear from 收到某人的来信 18. at the moment 此刻 19. take out 拿出 20. the same as 和…一样 23. put on 穿上 25. wait for 等待 26. get lost 迷失 28. first of all 首先 30. make a noise 发出噪音 31. get on 上车 32. get off 下车 1
九年级英语常用短语 1.It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了. 2.It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了. 3. 2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事. 4. 3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事. 5. 4. make/let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事. 6. 5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事. 7. 6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事. 8.7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事 9.8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事 10.9. enjoy 喜欢做某事 11.10. finish 结束做某事 12.11. keep 继续做某事 13.12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 14.13. carry on 继续做某事 15.14. go on 继续做某事 16.15. feel like 喜欢做某事 17.16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事. 18.17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事. 19.18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事 20.19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过…… 21.20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事. 22.21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事. 23.22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)? 24.23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关 25.24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事 26.25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不…… 27.26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不…… 28.27. such…..that…… 如此….. 以致知于不…… 29.28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间. 30.29. spend …..on sth.(doing sth.)花钱/时间做某事. 31.30. pay…..for sth.花费(钱)买某物. 32.31. What /how about……? …….怎么样(好吗)? 33.32. would like to do sth .想要/愿意做某事.. 34.33. I don’t think that我认为……不….. 35.34. Why not do sth.? Why don’t you do sth .?为什么不做某事呢?
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
九年级人教版英语各单元重点短语及句型Unit1 How can we become good learners? 一.重点短语 ask sb. for help improve one`s speaking skills spoken English=oral English make word cards listen to tapes the secret to language learning be afraid to do sth. fall in love with.. . body language take notes make mistakes in grammar learning habits have sth. in common pay attention to connect…with… write down key words in class after class be interested in… do sth. on one’s own worry about depend on=rely on good learners work with friends study for a test have conversations with speaking skills the secret to......， the meaning of be patient 请求某人的帮助 提髙某人说的能力英语口语 制作单词卡片 听磁带 语言学习的诀窍 不敢'做某事 爱上 肢体语言 记笔记 犯语法错误 学习习惯有...共同点 注意 把....与....联系起来 摘抄重点词 在课堂上 课后 对.......感兴趣 独立做某事 为...而担忧 依赖；取决于 优秀的学习者 和朋友一起学习 备考 与……交谈 口语技巧.......的秘诀 ……的意思 耐心点儿 二.用法集萃 by doing sth 通过做某事 find .it +be+adj+to do sth 发现做某事是……finish doing sth 完成某事 what about doing sth？做某事怎么样？try to do sth 尽力做某事
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
九年级英语词组总结 （1—5单元）Unit 1 1.make mistakes 犯错误 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,ter on 以后，后来 3.it doesn’t matter 没关系 4.be afraid to do sth害怕去做 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,ugh at 嘲笑 6.take notes=make notes 做笔记 7.look up 查阅 8.make up 编造，组成 9.deal with 处理 10.be angry with 生…的气 11.time goes by随着时间的流逝 12.try one’s b est尽力做 13.break off突然中断 14.ask…for… 向…要 15.speaking skills说话的技巧 16.ask…about…关于…询问 17.not…at all一点也不 18.get excited about对…激动 19.end up结束 20.first of all首先，总的来说 21.to begin with起初，开始 22.be afraid of sth/doing sth害怕某事/做某事 23.make sentences造句 24.write down写下 25.make sure确信 26.worry about担心… 27.each other互相 28.solve a problem解决问题 29.r egard…as… 把…视为/当作… https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,plain about doing sth抱怨做某事 31.change into把…变成… 32.with the help of在…的帮助下 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,pare…to… 把…与…作比较 34.think about考虑 35.think of想起 36.trouble sb for sth为某事麻烦某人 37.trouble sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事 38.make flashcard制作抽认卡
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语课文修辞总 结
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
九年级英语短语 Unit 1 1.make a vocabulary list 2.watch English language videos 3.practice conversations with friends 4.read aloud to practice pronunciation 5.study with a group 6.the best way to learn more English 7.have more specific suggestions 8.memorize the words of pop songs 9.feel differently 10.watch the actors say the words 11.find watching movies frustrating 12.end up doing… 13.get excited about… 14.do a survey about learning English 15.pretend to do… 16.keep an English notebook 17.make mistakes in English grammar 18.understand spoken English 19.get pronunciation right 20.get much writing practice 21.I have no partner to practice the English with. 22.to begin with https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,ter on https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818575121.html,ugh at 25.have trouble making complete sentences 26.look up a word in a dictionary 27.win a prize for the essay about the importance of English 28.take notes 29.make up conversations 30.How do we deal with our problems? 31.influence the ways we behave with our families
Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,
初三英语短语 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing
一、词语修辞格 （1）simile 明喻 ①...a memory that seemed phonographic ②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?” ③Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. ⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. ⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her. （2）metaphor 暗喻 ①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… ②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A ④the last this intermezzo came to an end… ⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… ⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me … ⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... ⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart ⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... ?When railroads began drying up the demand... ?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... ?Twain began digging his way to regional fame... ?Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...