2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheld on Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a
民族学专业 专业简介 学科：历史学 门类：历史学类 专业名称：民族学专业 本专业培养具备系统的民族学基本理论和基本知识，了解中国民族和族群、中国社会与文化基本情况；掌握民族学研究的基本方法；受到体质人类学、语言学及考古学等方面的基本训练，能在国家机关、文教事业、新闻出版、社会团体和各类企事业部门从事实际工作的应用型、复合型高级专门人才。 专业信息 培养目标：本专业培养具备系统的民族学基本知识，有进一步培养潜能的民族学专门人才，以及能在国家机关、文教事业、新闻出版、社会团体和各类企事业部门从事实际工作的应用型、复合型高级专门人才。 培养要求：本专业学生主要学习民族学的基本理论，了解中国民族和族群、中国社会与文化的基本情况；掌握民族学研究的基本方法；受到体质人类学、语言学及考古学等方面的基本训练。毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力： ◆掌握马克思主义的基本原理和民族学的基本理论、基础知识，对有关的社会科学与自然科学知识有一定的了解； ◆掌握基本的民族学调查方法与分析方法，以及口头表达和文字表达能力； ◆具有一定的创造性思维能力和从事民族学研究的初步能力； ◆熟悉我国有关少数民族、社会文化方面的方针、政策和法规； ◆了解国内外民族学界最重要的理论前沿和发展动向； ◆掌握文献检索、资料查询、抽样调查的基本方法和手段。 主干学科：历史学、社会学。 主要课程：人类学、民族学导论、文化人类学、民族学、人类学史、生态人类学、民族学调查方法、中国民族概论、世界民族概论、民族考古学、民族经济学、族群与家族、宗教文化、民俗学、社会学、中国文化史、世界文化史等。 实践教学：包括参观访问、社会调查、社会公益活动、论文写作等，一般安排10周左右。 修业年限：4年。 授予学位：历史学学士学位。 相近专业：历史学、社会学。 原专业名：民族学、民族史、藏学、人类学、民族理论与民族政策。 就业数据 本专业2005年没有本科毕业生 表1民族学专业地区流向百分比(%)
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening. 1. A In B Towards C On D Till 2. A match B express C satisfy D influence 3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6. A under B at C for D by 7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9. A Unless B Since C If D While 10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16. A made B served C saved D used 17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up 解析：
广 西 民 族 大 学 招收定向就业硕士研究生协议书 （适用于享受少数民族政策非应届考生或自愿与定向单位签约 的考生） 甲方（定向单位）： 乙方（培养单位）：广西民族大学 丙方（定向就业研究生）： 根据教育部关于2015年硕士研究生招生的有关规定，丙方符合硕士 研究生录取标准。经甲、乙、丙三方协商，甲方委托乙方培养丙方为 专业定向就业硕士研究生，学制 年，于2015年9月入学，至 年 月毕业。此外，三方还达成以下协议： 一、学费 由甲方和丙方协商承担，所有学费分 年缴付，每学年学费人 民币 万 仟 佰元整（￥ ）,交费时间和方式另行通知， 逾期不缴纳学费的，按照乙方学籍管理有关规定处理。（在读期间住宿 费、教材费及其他费用自理） 二、甲方职责 1. 甲方负责协助乙方做好丙方业务学习、政治思想等工作，在可 能情况下协助提供学习场所、资料、研究课题以及有利于完成学业的有 关条件。 2. 丙方入学后，其本人的工资、人事档案、党团组织关系、医疗 费用、各种补助福利费等均不转到乙方，由甲方和乙方协商办理。 3. 丙方在学习期间，因自身原因终止学习或不能获得学位，或丙 方修业期满后，由甲方和丙方协商安排丙方工作事宜。 三、乙方职责 1. 乙方负责与丙方制定培养方案和学习计划，按国家和学校有关 要求和规定组织教学和科研工作，加强对丙方的思想政治教育和学籍管 理等工作。
2. 丙方修业期满，符合毕业条件的，乙方负责发给相应的毕业证书。丙方按计划修完全部课程，通过学位论文答辩和学校学位委员会评审的，颁发硕士学位证书；因故未修完课程、因课程考试不合格或学位论文未通过者，按学籍管理有关规定处理。 3. 丙方毕业后，乙方负责将丙方的毕业证书、学位证书及有关学籍档案直接寄往甲方。 4. 丙方因自身原因，不能继续培养的，乙方应如实向甲方说明情况，并将有关材料寄送甲方。 四、丙方职责 1. 根据乙方安排的住宿情况，按时缴纳住宿费。 2. 丙方应刻苦钻研，勤奋学习，顺利完成学业，并有义务定期向甲方汇报学习和有关方面的情况。 3. 丙方在读期间，不得擅自申请退学和办理出国手续，不得接受其他单位的招聘。 4. 丙方必须遵守校纪、国法，如有违法乱纪行为，由乙方按有关规定处理。 5. 丙方在学期间奖学金和公费医疗待遇，按照乙方相关规定执行。 6. 丙方因合理原因不能坚持学习者，经乙方批准，可办理休学或退学手续，相关手续按照乙方有关规定办理。 五、其他 1. 在协议有效期间，如发生约定以外的事情，三方可协商解决。 2. 本协议书经甲、乙、丙三方签字、盖章后，在乙方公布录取名单时生效，有效期至丙方毕业离校之日止。丙方入学后三个月内，须进行政治、健康、业务复查，若不合格，则本协议书自动失效。如需公证，公证费由甲方或丙方支付。 3. 本协议一经签订，甲、乙、丙三方必须共同遵守。如有一方违约，则应由违约方承担由此所造成的损失，并给以经济赔偿。若丙方为享受少数民族政策的非应届考生，还需注意：本协议为乙方录取丙方的前提条件，若协议有效期间丙方确定解约，则乙方必须取消丙方学
2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
2017考研真题答案：2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold
who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But physiology. 1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides 2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected
广西民族大学 2011年硕士研究生入考试初试自命题科目试题科目代码_________354________________________________ 科目名称：________________汉语基础__________________ 适用学科专业______________汉语国际教育______________ 研究方向：____________________________________________ 命题教师签名：________________________________________ 考生须知 1．答案必须写在答题纸上，定在试题上无效。 2．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。 3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。 一填空题（每小题1分，共30小题，共30分） 1．现代汉民族共同语的基础方言是不是（）。 2．Y、W不是真正的声母，只起（）的作用。 3．音节“壮zhuàng”音素有|（）个 4．汉语的声调具有（）的作用。 5．语音同自然界其他声音的本质区别体现在它的（）属性。 6．现代汉语普通话的轻声现象同语音的（）有关。 7．（ 0是语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音单位。 8．舌面前不送气清塞擦音是（）。 9．普通话上声的调值是不是） 10．现代汉语普通话大约有（）个音节。 11．汉字是记录汉语的（）系统。
12．现行汉字一般记录汉语单音节语素，因此被称为（）文字。 13汉字字体中称作“真书”的是（） 14．汉字笔画的组合的三种方式，即相离、（）和相交。 15．现行汉字的造字法主要四种，其中（）造字法应用最为广泛。 16．现代汉语语素可分为自由语素和（）两类。 17．基本词汇具有稳固性、（）和全民常用性等特点。 18．现代汉语词汇中占绝大多数的是不是（）音节词语。 19．汉语中唯一的不能独立成音节的定位语素（后缀）是（）。 20．（）是最的能够独立运用的语言单位。 21．“颜色浅”中的“浅”用的是这个词的（）义。 22“鼓励”和“怂恿”是区别是（）不同。 23．“洗澡”、“鞠躬”等词的两个语素之间可以插入别的成分，这类词叫做|（）词。 24．“早晨—上午—中午—傍晚”等时间词之间没有明确的界限，这种现象反映出词义具有（）性。 25．当语组成短语的语法手段主要是语序和（）。 26．“哎哟”属于非谓句中的（）句。 27．大多数“被”字句中，“被”所引出的是（）。 28．根据句子结构特点分出来的句子类型叫（）。 29．从主谓关系上看，主语可以分为施事主语、受事主语和（）。 30．“小鸟在欢唱，溪水在奔流，人们在嬉笑。”中运用的修辞格是（）。 二、判断题（对的画○，错的画×）（每小题1分，共20小题，共20分） 1．“官话”就是专为官吏阶层使用的官场雅语或阶级习惯语。 2．er是舌面、央、中、卷舌、不圆唇元音。 3．“师、丝”的韵母和“伊”的韵母是同一音素。 4．u和ü的发音区别在于舌位的高低。
2016年广西民族大学综合考试考研真题A 卷 考生须知 1． 答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。 2． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。 3． 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的 凭证）。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。 一、请将下列加有着重点的繁体字改写为简体字（每字2分，共32分） 廣、西慶遠、、府宜山縣、奏：本縣大安定地方因猺獞作耗，撥與、、 思恩府土官 岑瑛管治，至今不敢為惡、、，今小安定等處複、、 作耗弗靖，亦宜撥付瑛帶 管，其稅糧、、仍屬、本縣為便，奏下戶部行總、兵巡按等官覆實、，從、 之。 廣（ ）慶（ ）遠（ ）縣（ ）撥（ ）與（ ）為（ ）惡（ ） 處（ ）複（ ）稅（ ）糧（ ）屬（ ）總（ ）實（ ）從（ ） 二、文献阅读能力考察题（共38分） 请阅读《明英宗实录》卷282，“景泰四年夏四月庚子”条： 请对以下文字加注标点符号（10分）。
请将以下文言文翻译为白话文（28分）。 命都察院右副都御史马昂往两广总督军务……赐之敕曰王政必济以兵而后远人可靖军令必出于一而后大功可成近年以来广东广西各处地方贼寇生发往往命将出兵剿杀盖不得已为此止盗安边之计奈何总兵者多不得其人或谋虑不逮或号令不严或拥兵坐视纵贼殃民或受命夹攻互相推调失机误事视为泛常科敛钱财全无忌惮故寇盗暂止而复作军马徒敝而无功此等将官已加降黜今特授尔总督关防往广东广西总督军务所在总兵等官并听节制所有一应军务升赏悉从尔等便宜而行务在齐心协力设策运谋湔除宿毙振起军威除盗安民肃清岭海凡遇地方有警即相机抚捕若果官军调用不敷广西则拘各该土官宣明朝廷优待授以爵位之意量加奖劳令起狼家军士相兼官军调用广东则将士兵并各卫所舍人余丁尽数选拣协助官军守战其广西狼家兵须许以有功之日重加升赏必不吝惜如军职官自都指挥而下敢有退怯怀奸误事听尔等以军法从事或径奏闻区处尔为朝廷大臣尤须持廉秉公勤劳率下庶人有所视效如违责有所归一
析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新! 2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。它的主席叫大卫格兰多的一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。 很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。 英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。 今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。我认为稳中上升。 第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。翻译里没有考过。(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻译都是可以的。这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大，这是一个(英文)状语从句。后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。 fade(英文)略微有难度。我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000年出现过。 如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。 第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。他们有一次词，是(英语)如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。但是会终结年轻一代的能力。 但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。语序颠倒一下会更好。48题，正在引入英语，引入小学课程，有一个单词，(英语)，这个单
2017年考研英语一（答案及解析） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter. In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty." Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology. 1. [A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite 2. [A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior
学校综合介绍 广西民族大学招生基本信息解读 广西民族大学（GuangXi University for Nationalities）简称“民大”，是国家民族事务委员会和广西壮族自治区人民政府“省部共建”高校，坐落于中国“绿城”南宁市，是首批国家中西部高校基础能力建设工程重点建设高校、广西一流学科建设高校、“百校工程”、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校，是“国家外语非通用语种本科人才基地”（小语种人才基地），国家“863计划”、“973计划”承担高校、“中国—东盟法律培训基地”、“东盟国家汉语人才培训中心”、“海外汉语教师来华培训项目”、“孔子学院奖学金学生接收院校”，入选《环球人文地理》中国九所最富有诗情画意的大学之一，是“十二五”时期广西重点建设高校。 学校创办于1952年，原为中央民族学院（今中央民族大学）广西分院，1953年更名为广西省民族学院，1958年改名为广西民族学院，2006年更名为广西民族大学。
广西民族大学本年度录取分数线与国家线对比图
再看2020年考研国家线总体趋势图
考研一共13大学科门类，总体走向参差不齐，但依旧有规律可循。 2020考研的国家线走势分为三种： 1.本学科分数线与去年相比持平。 2.本学科分数线与去年相比上升。 3.本学科分数线与去年相比下降。 除此之外，我们还要计算出国家线的两个极限值，也就是上涨分数最多的学科和下降分数最多的学科。 本学科分数线与去年相比持平有3个：文学、管理学、享受少数民族照顾的考生. 本学科分数线与去年相比上升的有5个：哲学（+5分）、法学（+5分）、教育学（+6分）、艺术学（+7分）、体育学（+7分）。 本学科分数线与去年相比下降的有9个：经济学（-2）、历史学（-1）、理学（-2）、工学（-6）、农学（-2）、医学（-5）、军事学（-5）、工学照顾专业（-6）、中医照顾专业（-5）。
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feelin g that others are there to help 16 difficulty.” Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
硕士研究生入学考试专业课初试真题 2020年广西民族大学考研专业课初试真题
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 【A】卷 科目代码：626科目名称：管理学原理 考生须知 1．答案须写在答题纸密封线内，写在试题卷、草稿纸等均视为无效。 2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。 3．交卷时，请本人将答题纸放入试题袋内，密封后在封条与试卷袋骑缝处亲笔签名。 一、名词解释（每小题5分，共5小题，共25分） 1、法理型权力 2、程序化决策 3、组织整合 4、风险管理 5、事业部制组织结构 二、简答题（每小题16分，共3小题，共48分） 1、决策过程通常包括哪几个阶段的工作？决策受那些因素影响？ 2、结合实际，谈谈如何管理非正式组织。 3、组织文化包括那三个基本层次？各层次又包括哪些内容？ 三、案例分析题（每小题分值见后，共2小题，共25分） 案例：IBM公司：非同一般的创新与激励 IBM公司是全球知名的计算机制造公司，为了激发科技人员的创新欲望，该公司采取了一系列别出心裁的激励创新的制度。该制度规定：对有创新成功经历者，不仅授予“IBM会员”资格，并且对获有这种资格的人，提供5年的时间和必要的物质支持，从而使其有足够条件进行创新活动。 该制度使得创新者获得了实物形式的自主权，这种自主权主要表现在： 1、有选择自己所追求的设想的权利。一个人如果没有充分的时间和资金去追求自己的设想，他就不能自由地选择怎样行动，必须等待公司批准。 2、有犯错误的权利。没有自己的资金，一个人就要为自己的错误向别人负责，有了自己的资金，他就只须向自己负责。 3、有把由成功带来的财富向未来投资的权利。 4、有通过自己的勤奋获得利益的权利。
2017年考研英语一试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter. In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty." Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite 2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior 3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice 4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep 5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving 6. A．on B．in C．at D．of 7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed 8. A．along B．across C．down D．out 9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated 10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required 11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even 12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests 13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized