Unit1
1. When you are asked to fill out an application form, you are often required to write down your permanent address.
2. All the employees had assembled in the hall before the meeting started.
3. The porters are busy discharging the cargo from the ship onto the dock.
4. Jack spoke to his boss meekly because he was late again for the work.
5. He worked as a(n)apprentice until he became skillful.
6. A teacher should not show partiality to one particular student.
7. The politician made a speech full of obscure political jokes and many people fell asleep during his speech.
8. Mary has been exalted to the position of personnel manager due to her hard work.
9. You look quite busy now. I hope I am not intruding .
10. The delegation was cordially welcomed by the local government.
11. Ben told his mother that his ambition was to become an astronaut in the future.
12. The captured solider faced up gallantly to the Nazi enemy and said that he would never betray his motherland.
1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。
His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.
2.一架波音747 飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了，机上无人生还。
A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.
3学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源, 所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆
Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.
4.当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山, 结果轮船沉没在大西洋中成百上千的人死于这场海难。
Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.
5 每天夏天, 游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。
Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.
6.他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次,对于那里的新奇食物稍微知道一个大概,可是现在他们的光荣时代已成过去了。他们从此自知没趣,再也不说话了,而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候,他们就知道赶快躲开。
They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.
UNIT 2
1.The British government publicly advocated a policy of non-cooperation with European
fishing fleets.
2.Elizabeth is very extravagant .she goes to restaurants and gets taxis even though she can’t really afford it.
3.Ground floor windows are particularly vulnerable and secure locks should be fitted.
4.It soon became apparent that Colin was the guru of the whole department.
5.She may not be a great violinist yet but she has potential .
6.The Central Bank attempted to dispel rumors of a possible financial crisis.
7.When the truth emerged about her husband being in prison ,the neighbors shunned her and talked about her behind her back.
8.Her work on finding a cure for cancer has been widely acclaimed by her colleague in the medical profession.
9.Real enthusiast are willing to pay up to $12,000 for an original copy of this book.
10.For 12years,we’re sought to stave off this ultimate threat of disaster.
11.We have all the problems attendant upon starting a new business.
12.I ventured to suggest that he might have made a mistake.
1 Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.
有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等
2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.
不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但它却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。
3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities.
只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。
4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.
穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效的利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。
5.Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.
因为有了因特网，在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等减少了，但是贫穷国家中从事信息产业的人们与他们最贫穷的同胞之间在收入上的差距却拉大了。
6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.
如果人类的本性始终固执的保持不变，不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类发明也决不能克服其自身的缺陷。
Unit3
1. Slowly the flood waters sank and life got back to normal.
2. Desert nights are often cold because clear skies allow heat to escape into the atmosphere.
3. This is half the average monthly rainfall of London's Kew Gardens.
4. A drought is a long period of time during which no rain falls.
5. Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which are planted mainly for the decorative quality of the flowers that they produce.
6. There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.
7. The small holes on the surface of plants or in the skin of people and animals are called pores .
8. We used to graze sheep on the fields where the corn is grown.
9 . Your spine is the row of bones down your back that supports your body and that has your spinal cord inside it.
10. Fire officers had to use cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam.
11. I might actually venture into advertising if I had enough money.
12. The valleys are so fertile that three crops a year can grow.
1. 许多研究表明沙漠中的空气太干燥了, 几乎没有任何湿气。
Many studies indicate the desert air is so dry that it contains hardly any moisture.
2. 虽然根据法律每个英国儿童从5 岁到16 岁都必须上学, 但1% 的儿童到小学毕业时仍不会阅读。
Although the children from age 5 to 16 must go to school in England according to the law, about 1% of the children still can not read when they leave primary school.
3. 听到这个消息以后, 我知道在两个星期之内, 我又会坐立不安的。
After hearing the news, I knew that within a fortnight I should/would feel restless again. 4. 我们一致认为要回答这个问题, 必须更仔细地查清这些事实。
We think unanimously to answer this question, we must look more closely at the facts.
5. 在全世界范围内, 各级政府正采取有效措施控制环境污染。
Throughout the world, governments at all levels are taking effective measures to prevent environment pollution.
6. 有些人认为考试中应采用客观题, 如多项选择; 也有人不同意这种观点, 认为这种考试会对学生的学习产生不良影响。
Some people think that objective items such as multiple choices should be used for an examination; others don't agree because they believe that this kind of test has some bad effects on students' learning.
Unit4
1.Physical fatigue is the result of heavy manual labor and exhausting work.
2. The accumulation of metabolic waste products in your blood is the result of over-working your muscles.
3. There is a great diversity of exercise you can do to deal with fatigue.
4. Psychological tiredness is usually precipitated by emotional problems and conflicts.
5. His body is muscular because of his hard physical work.
6. Some fatigue has pathological causes.
7. Prolonged fatigue might be symptomatic of an underlying disease like cancer or diabetes.
8. After that vigorous exercise he experienced a pleasant tiredness.
9. She is psychologically a very healthy person.
10.Anxiety can be a major cause of fatigue.
11. He feels completely restored to health after a period of intensive care.
12. Having had a good sleep and a substantial meal, he felt thoroughly refreshed
1. 我发现在办公室里坐了一天之后, 晚上沿着静静的湖边散散步会令人神清气爽。
I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day's sedentary job.
2. 锻炼和放松自己通常被认为是治疗疲劳症的有效方法。
Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.
3. 你的活动量越小, 老化的过程就越快, 你就越容易面临生理和心理方面的种种问题。The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more v ulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems.
4. 即使你坚持节食, 你也不可能减到你所希望的那种身材的程度。
Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.
5. 人们认为他有一个幸福的晚年, 因为在这期间他除了睡觉、吃饭几乎什么事情都不做。但是他却常常感到疲倦和心情压抑。
People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.
6. 过去, 人们用搓衣板洗衣服, 用手捆干草, 很少抱怨疲劳; 而如今人们拥有各种节省体力的装置和方便的交通设施, 但却总是抱怨疲惫不堪。
In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard , people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation .
Unit5
1. Rural communities are usually more uniform in their child-rearing methods, while in the town there is more variety.
2. On a clear day we can distinguish/recognize the letters on the airliners as they take off.
3. The guard ascertained that there was nobody in the room.
4. The tune was recognized as the one in the musical, The Fiddler on the Roof.
5. This stamp is unique ; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.
6. Jack enjoys playing rock music, as playing rock music is a good outlet for his energy.
7. A child must be allowed to enjoy the tactile stage of discovery by playing with mud and sand and water.
8. Both drivers and pedestrians should be in rigid obedience to traffic regulations.
9. My son used to feel secure holding his old blanket.
10. Some language educators have written some books and papers on the relationship between first language acquisition and second language learning.
11. Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents.
12.The foundation on which many ancient types of society were built was the use of slaves. l. 人们普遍认为孩子在家里的抚养与他们在学校所接受的教育是密不可分的。
It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.
2. 詹妮弗是《纽约先驱论坛报》(New York Hemld Tribune ) 的人事科长, 在这家报纸里她还负责公共关系方面的特约社论工作。
Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune,- where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.
3. 杰弗是两年前在他妹妹的生日聚会上认识罗斯的, 从那以后他们两人一直通过电子邮件联系, 杰弗越了解罗斯, 他就越喜欢她。
It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister's birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.
4. 这个措施不仅有效地为下岗工人提供了就业机会, 而且还有效地控制了物价上涨。This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.
5. 同样, 他们对这一阴谋的政治和经济背景没有充分的认识。
Similarly /Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.
6. 大规模的货币投资, 一方面满足了经济高速增长的需要, 另一方面也造成了大幅度的通货膨胀。
Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.
Unit 6
1. As a matter of fact , I did not begin work until he had gone.
2. At this time of year university admission officers are plagued with inquires from anxious applicants.
3. The poem handles the problem of instinct versus intellect in man.
4. I have been reflecting on the likely consequences of their course of action.
5. It's no use just telling me to do it; give me some positive advice as to how to do it.
6. The government is implementing its policy of helping the unemployed.
7. Most universities will enroll new students the first week in September.
8. American culture has been enriched by European immigrants.
9. His father never had a(n) aspiration for the job of managing director, and was very surprised when it was offered to him.
10. A good historian must have an academic mind.
11. The news came from a well-informed man.
12. He felt he did not have to make a commitment to the poorly dressed man.
1. 通过英语考试会增加你获得这个职位的机会。
Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.
2. 山谷里发现了黄金, 这会使这个贫穷的山区富起来。
The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.
3. 在警察让她面对证据时她才承认偷了钱。
Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money.
4. 这次集会将使你有机会听到大演说家的演说。
The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.
5. 官方的声明消除了大家对于这一行业可能裁员的忧虑。
An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.
6. 玛丽相当聪明。实际上, 她的老师对我说过, 她今年肯定能升入大学。
Mary's pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she's certain to get a university place this year.
Unit7
1.The company downsized its personnel in response to a poor economy.
2.Churchill provided dynamic and inspiring leadership when it was most needed.
3.We have calculate the probable yield form this investment at around 17%.
4.We were traveling thought bandit country ,but the king had guaranteed our safety.
5.They won’t let any foreign power inflict any further blows on their national pride.
6.The Finance Minister will open a new .budget in April.
7.They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations.
8.Ian drove up Park Boulevard and heard out of town,accelerating rapidly.
9.It is dishonorable to shirk military service.
10.These small and gradual physical changes are vitally important to the child’s development
11.Would such legislation jeopardize chances for a treaty?
12.When you go for interview ,it’s important to find out what the panel’s criteria are.
1.那个地区的黑人向政府投诉，宣称他们经常遭受当地警察官员的种族袭击。
Black people in this area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.
2.政府官员总是愿意把科学技术应用于短期的研究项目上，这对科学发展是十分不利的。
The government officers are inclined to apply the science and technology to short term projects ,which is not beneficial to scientific development.
3.前任总理不想投资时间和金钱培训随时都会离开公司的员工，因而造成了大量的人才流失。
The precious manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company any time,as a result of which ,there was a serious talent drain.
4.我们正在集资来修复教堂的屋顶。如果你们中间有人想贡献一份力量，我们会不胜感激。
We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof,if any of you would like to make a contribution ,we shall be most grateful .
5.目前科学家们在集中精力进行试验，以求找到治疗癌症的有效方法。
The scientists are currently focus on making experiments,in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.相信能就一定能
6.主席在会上的发言对于恢复员工的信心是非常有意义的。勤劳的蜜蜂有糖吃
The speech that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of employees.
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上） 听力原文 Lesson 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling 6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music. W: Didn't an instruction manual [?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it? Q: What does the woman imply? B the man should refer to the instruction manual 7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have. Q: What does the man mean? A he has received his telephone bill. 8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read. W: He must think you don't have any other classes. Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? B he assigns too much work 9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight. W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What plan does the man has that night? B he’ll go and watch the fireworks 10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can be inferred about the man? A he had bad study habits 11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? D Casual dress will be appropriate 12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something? M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean? C he wants her to get him a newspaper 13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算. W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean? C she’ll try to s ee what method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us? M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust
4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China
第五册 1.The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directlycommu-nicate with others are itsgreatestbenefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information cantrave-l attre mendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet us-es hun dreds ofthousands ofcomputers allconnected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allowsindividuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people ca-n easily communicate with oneanother. 2.With the 21 st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiringround easyinformation. If a nation can mak-e effective use of all the information it will benefit In the fields of Scientificresearch, education, economic development, etc. What the nati on needs to do is to establish anation-wide"information network",so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network isset up, itwill promote the second information revolution in the cou-nt ry. 3.With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have beenmore andmore widely employed. The popula rity of varied and numerous promotional activities such asdiscounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is tha t they not only helpmanufacturers andbusinesses earn higher and quick er profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with theproducts involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promoteproducts of inferiorquality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that. 4.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which peopledisplaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If youunderstand thisintr insic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it beco mes bearable if it helpsbuild up areputation, whether in the world at l arge or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the mostessential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and form ost people this comes chieflythrough their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life --in individuals and in civilization s. 5.America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there areemployees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, thegovernment took no notice of t he changes in its economic base and their effect on employmentand lif estyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many expert came up with variousideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulateconsumption. 6.The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 millionvictims each year, greatly exceeding our earlie r estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminalssteal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbe~, credit card numbers, and other piece s ofan individual's information such as date of birth. They use this inf ormation to buy as many thingsas they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime.People wh ose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleani ng up the messthe thieves have made of their credit record. 7.Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mailan attachment called "Anna Kournikova.jpg.vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the documentto have a look at the Rus sian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated andwill copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express ", spreading the virus evenfarther. E-viruses, which flood the Intemet t hrough dubious e-mails with fancy bait, makeproduction of anti-virus p rograms a profitable business. 8.Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation anddivorce. In certain areas of the country these tr ends have resulted in a growing number ofsingleparentfamilies and rem arried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution ofm arriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four ont of five divorced cou ples eventually remarryother people. These shifts in family relationship s may be interpreted as a breakdown or as anadaptation of the Americ an family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes,accordi ng to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the fa mily structure, adisintegration of values, and a decline of morality. 第六册 1.While he shared his generation’s horror of war and was once called the “spiritual father”of appeasement. Keynes never, in fact, enterained the delusion that Hitler could be pacified. He hated the NAZI regime, never visited Germany after 1933.Instead,as Britain’s chief negotiator in contact with the Allies against Hitler. He pursued vigorously the com mon interest between London and Washington. 2.Some people wrongly believe that the United States is a land of opp ortunity, and that everbody enjoys equal opportunities. With various dr eams in mind,many well-trained professionals steadily mignate to the United States insearch of a good life.Some of them are even willing to live any life there. They would rather live in poverty there than en -joy a relativeprosperity at home. Therefore,lawers and doctors from C entral America may be found washing cars or waiting on tables in Mi ami. 3.Just as the 21st century requires a more diffused and safer balance Of interest in what needs to be an increasingly multilateral global villa ge, there is a risk of economic, institutional and political power being centralized in the European Community, and that a new bout of econ omic empire building may occur. 4.The path led straight through a wide stream.She could no longer risk disorientation by circling such obstacles.She took off her clothes and, with her belongings in ayion bag held above her head. She stepped into the chilling, neck-deep water. Minutes later she emerged. shaking uncontrollbably.But after warming herself by a small fire and re-dress ing, she set off with increased confidence.The limits of her physical capacity were expanding.
1“弗兰肯食品”能养活世界吗? 1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了60 亿。联合国预测，到2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后50年减少一半。 5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达1亿的儿童缺乏维生素A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。 6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。 7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。 8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。 9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。 10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过10 亿人口每天靠不到1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。 11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。 12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私
Unit One An Image or a Mirage C. 1. D 2.C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.B 9. D 10.B V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good ima ge of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. Unit 2 Is Love An Art? C. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C V. Translation A. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。 They want to hire a “key player” from another company. 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。 Every company also hires from ranks of newbies, 然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。 and what they're looking for is exactly the same. 他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。 “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. “我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them.” 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” It's just a bit risker.只是这样有点儿冒险。 “It's an educated guess,”“这是一种有根据的猜测，” says my hiring manager client.我的人事经理客户说。 Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，