Unit 1
1. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)
Paraphrase:
But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.
2.“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?”(3)
Paraphrase:
Why do I have to go to school? I don’t think I’ve done anything wrong to be punished like this.
3. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)
Paraphrase:
I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.
4. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)
Paraphrase:
What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.
5. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16)
Paraphrase:
Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.
Unit 2
1. If banks were required to sell wallets and money belts, they might act less like churches. (para. 1)
Paraphrase:
Banks act like churches which usually control people’s life and can interfere in people’s life. So, the author thinks it is ridiculous for banks to act like churches.
2. It was lunchtime and the only officer on duty was a fortyish black man with short, pressed hair, a pencil mustache, and a neatly pressed brown suit. (para. 3)
Paraphrase:
uncurled hair, a thin mustache looking like a line drawn by a pencil, and a neat and tidy brown suit
3. Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. (para. 3) Paraphrase:
Everything about him—his clothes, manner, etc. indicated that he was a carefully dressed man who had an important position and power.
4. I moved in for the kill. (para. 19)
Paraphrase:
I began to prepare to kill, destroy or defeat my enemy.
5. I zeroed in on the officer. (para. 20)
Paraphrase:
I’m going to have a strong argument to silence the bank officer.
6. Look, … we’re just wasting each other’s time. (para. 29)
Paraphrase:
Look, let’s stop talkin g about this because it is a waste of time./You are just talking nonsense. I don’t want to listen to you any more.
7.… has been shaking this boy down… (para. 30)
Paraphrase:
… has been getting money from the boy by using threats…
8. Anyway, the poli ce are on the case… (para. 30)
Paraphrase:
Anyway, the police are working on the case…
9. Not that I ever heard of. (para. 32)
Paraphrase:
I have never heard of such rules.
Unit 3
1. My husband moved into our house as is the way with us in Esarn. (para. 1) Paraphrase:
When we got married, we followed the tradition in Esarn and my husband came to live with my family.
2. He has ears which don’t hear, a mouth which doesn’t speak, and eyes that don’t see. ( para. 2)
Paraphrase:
He does not notice what is happening around us and to our children, nor does he express his thoughts and feelings. (The woman is complaining that her husband does not bother about their children’s troubles.)
3. … and it is no longer fertile, bleeding year after year and, like u s, getting old and exhausted. (para. 3)
Paraphrase:
Our land is getting poorer with each passing year, like us who are getting old, weak and tired.
4.… but in a bad year, it’s not only the ploughs that break but our hearts, too. (para. 3)
Paraphrase:
When there is a draught, the soil is so hard that it breaks the ploughs and we feel so sad that our hearts break too.
5. Only ten years ago, you could barter for things, but now it’s all cash. (para. 4)
Paraphrase:
Just ten years ago, we could exchange one thing for another, but now we have to buy everything from the market.
6. Shops have sprung up, filled with colorful plastic things and goods we have no use for. (para. 4)
Paraphrase:
Shops have suddenly appeared in the village selling attractive plastic things and things we don’t need.
7. As for me, I wouldn’t change, couldn’t change even if I wanted to. (para. 7)
Paraphrase:
I didn’t want to change myself and my life, and actually I did not have the ability to change even if I wanted to.
8. Yes, this bag of bones dressed in rags can still plant and reap rice from morning till dusk. (para. 7)
Paraphrase:
Though I’m poor, old and weak, I can still work in the rice field all day.
9. I am at peace with the land and the condition of my life. (para. 9) Paraphrase:
I am content with my land and accept my situation in life without complaint.
10. I have been forcing silence upon her all these years, yet she had not once complained of anything. (para. 9)
Paraphrase:
All these years, I hardly talk with her or listen to her, so she has to keep silent about her thoughts and feelings, but she has never told anyone else about her unhappy feelings about my silence.
11. Still the land could not tie them down or call them back. (para. 10) Paraphrase:
My children grew up and had happy days on this land, but this could not prevent them from leaving for cities or attract them back from cities.
12. Sickness comes and goes, and we get back on our feet again. (para. 11) Paraphrase:
Inevitably we sometimes fall ill, but when we get well again we can always get back to our normal life and work on our land.
Unit 4
1. Ausable was, for one thing, fat… Though he spoke French and German passably, he had never altogether lost the New England accent he had brought to Paris from Boston twenty years ago. (para. 2)
Paraphrase:
Ausable was, for one reason, fat… His French and German were not very good, but acceptable. Although he had been in Paris for twenty years, he never lost the American accent.
2. …a sloppy fat man who, instead of having messages slipped into his hand by dark-eyed beauties, gets only an ordinary telephone call making an appointment in his room. (para. 4)
Paraphrase:
…an untidy fat man just has an ordinary phone call agreeing to meet somebody later in his room. There are no other imagined things as a beautiful lady with dark eyes putting a slip of message secretly into his hand.
3. The fat man chuckled to himself as he unlocked the door of his room and stood as aside to let his frustrated guest enter. (para. 4)
Paraphrase:
The fat man laughed to himself when he opened the door of his room and gave way to his dissatisfied guest.
4. You are disillusioned. (para. 5)
Paraphrase:
You are disappointed because what you believe in has turned out to be wrong.
5. Before long you will see a paper, a quite important paper for which several men and women have risked their lives, come to me in the next-to-last step of its journey into official hands. (para. 5)
Paraphrase:
Soon you will see a document/a report come to me. Several people took chances in order to get it. When I receive the paper, I will place it in the hands of the proper authorities.
By then I will have fulfilled my mission.
6. For halfway across the room, a small automatic pistol in his hand, stood a man. (para. 6)
Paraphrase:
In the middle of the room, there was a man with a small automatic pistol in his hand.
7. I’m going to raise the devil with the management this time. (para. 11) Paraphrase:
(He was making up a story, which turned out to be a trap for Max.
To make Max swallow this bait, Ausable pretended to be angry with the management and explained to Fowler (not to Max) why he was going to complain to the management about the balcony.)
8. It might have saved me some trouble had I known about it. (para. 12) Paraphrase:
If I had known about it, I would not have spent so much effort.
9. I wish I knew how you learned about the report, … (para. 15) Paraphrase:
I want to know how you succeeded in finding out the report, but I have no idea.
10. Keeping his body twisted so that his gun still covered the fat man and his guest, … (para. 22)
Paraphrase:
He twisted his body in order to point his gun right at the fat man and his guest.
Unit 6
1. My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak. (para. 1)
Paraphrase:
When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural area.
2. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. (para. 1)
Paraphrase:
Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.
3. He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. (para. 3)
Paraphrase:
Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understood the importance of his words.
4. As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. (para. 5)
Paraphrase:
As someone educated in the United States, I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana, except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten.
5. It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. (para. 5) Paraphrase:
It was me who had come to know the green bananas, and everything connected with it. According to the author, every civilization has special geniuses (symbolized by the green banana), which have existed for many years. But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them.
6. I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call “learning moments”, and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once. (para. 5)
Paraphrase:
The two things that suddenly dawned on him are: the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village, town, region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world.
7. The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning. (8)
Paraphrase:
The green bananas have become a symbol of hidden treasures from every culture. For proper understanding of a piece of writing, it is often important to notice such symbolic language and to know what the symbols stand for.
Unit 8
1. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. (para. 1) Paraphrase:
He held his thumb out and the gas can to show that he was out of gas and needed a lift to the nearest gas station. Generally speaking, at the same time of holding his thumb out, a hitchhiker also has a board in his hand, on which the name of the place he wants to go is written. Here, the gas can shows that the young man has run out of gasoline for his car.
2. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. (para. 2) Paraphrase:
Because the author thought it was sensible for him to do so and did so indeed as a matter of course as other people would do the same in the situation.
It shows that it was really something common. The real issue then was not that he didn’t help t he young man but that he never thought about offering help to strangers.
3. It would be cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. (para. 5)
Paraphrase:
I would travel without a penny through the country where money was extremely important.
4. I rose early…and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles “America”. (para. 6)
Paraphrase:
Because what he wanted to do was to discover America and American people. The destination of the journey was Cape Fear, just literally, but the real destination was to seek understanding of the country and its people.
5. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming. In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa.
Paraphrase:
They suggest that the people there (probably people everywhere), were more or less provincial (another sub-concept of ethnocentric?). They tended to make false assumptions about people in other places, . the people in their place were nicer/better than those in other places.
6. I didn’t know wheth er to kiss them or scold them for stopping. (para. 8) Paraphrase:
(Because the situation when the two little ladies stopped for the author was, in his eyes, potentially dangerous for them. He says so to emphasize both the kindness and courage the ladies showed in that particular situation.)
7. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. (Para. 9) Paraphrase:
(Because he had to. Otherwise he would not be able to stop right before the author. It shows the mental struggle that was probably going on in the driver’s mind. He was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker, which made it more difficult for him to make such a decision at the moment than others. However, he chose to stop finally and his kindness was thereby highlighted.)
8. Those who had the least to give often gave the most.
Paraphrase:
Poor people are often more generous. They are often ready/willing to give comparatively more of what they have to those in need than rich people.
9. Now we’re talking, I thought.
Paraphrase:
Now he knew what I wanted and the talk was going in the right direction.
10. “When we do, ” he said, “it’s usually kin.” (Para. 13)
Paraphrase:
(The local people do not usually entertain/receive guests at home.) They only do this for their kin relatives.
11. In spite of everything, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers. Paraphrase:
(It means the fact that there are people who are indifferent to other people’s needs/ who refuse to help others/who may hesitate to help and people may say about lack of compassion in our society and a generally moral decay in our society.
I find, however, on the whole you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.)
Unit 9
1. The impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para. 1)
Paraphrase:
The police officer walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets to be impressed. The
description shows that the policeman quite enjoyed his work.
2. Trying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. (para. 2)
Paraphrase:
From how he looked and what he did on the beat, we can see that the policeman was competent at, confident of, proud of, and dutiful to his job. All these factors gave people the impression that he was a trustworthy protector of the peace. ( Notice how a string of present participles are used as adverbials to vividly describe the policeman’s actions.)
3. The area was one that kept early hours. (para. 2)
Paraphrase:
People in that area closed their stores pretty early.
4. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. (para. 7) Paraphrase:
The next morning I was going to leave (New York) for the West as planned to make a lot of money and get rich.
5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para. 7) Paraphrase:
We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materially—whether our fortune huge or small.
6. But after a year or two we lost track of each other. (para. 9) Paraphrase:
We wrote letters and kept in touch with each other for a year or two, and then we stopped writing and haven’t heard from or heard of each other. Now ne ither of us knows what has happened or is happening to the other.
7. You see, the West is a pretty big place, and I kept running around over it pretty lively. (para. 9)
Paraphrase:
I kept moving around in the West, never staying in the same place for long. (And that’s why it was hard for us to keep track of each other.)
8. …and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up. (para. 9)
Paraphrase:
If my old friend comes to meet me as he promised, I would think my trouble of travelling so far is fairly rewarded.
9. He was a kind of slow man, though, good fellow as he was. (para. 13) Paraphrase:
However, he wasn’t very smart, even thought he was a good person.
10. I’ve had to compete with some of the sharpest brains going to get my money. (para. 13 )
Paraphrase:
In order to make money, I had to compete with the most shrewd and crafty people.
11. A man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to make a man really keen. (para. 13)
Paraphrase:
A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York where life
is boring and opportunities for change are few. He has to go to the West to become
an eager and exciting person.
The man from the west means that New York City was “civilized”; it had too many laws, and that getting rich quickly was less likely. In the West, however,
one could by-pass the rules, and though being tougher and smarter one could become
rich very fast.
12. I should say not! (para. 16)
Paraphrase:
Of course I am not going to leave immediately.
13. The few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. (para. 18 )
Paraphrase:
There were few people in the street of this part of the city. They had turned their coat collars high and kept their hands in their pockets for warmth. They didn’t look happy and were walking fast without saying anything.
14. “Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival. (para. 21)
Paraphrase:
“Bless my heart!” the man who had just arrived said aloud in surprise.
15. It’s Bob, sure a fate. (par a. 22)
Paraphrase:
Definitely it’s you, Bob.
16. How has the West treated you, old man? (para. 22)
Paraphrase:
How well did you do in the West, old friend?
17. …we’ll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about
old times. （para. 26）
Paraphrase:
I’ve heard of a place, so let’s go there and we will have a long talk about those happy days we spent together in the past. Note that probably the plainclothes policeman was thinking: I’ll take you to the police station and
you will tell me about the crimes you committed in the past.
18. At the corner stood a drugstore brilliant with electric lights. (para. 28) Paraphrase:
There was a drugstore at the corner. Its electric lights were on and it was very bright inside.
19. Chicago thinks you may come over our way and telegraphs us she wants to have
a chat with you. (para. 31)
Paraphrase:
The Chicago Police Department thinks you may come to New York, sent us a telegraph and asked us to help them track you down and arrest.
20. Going quietly, are yo u? That’s sensible. (para. 31)
Paraphrase:
You won’t put up a fight and resist arrest, will you. That (cooperating will us without causing any disturbance) is the right thing to do.
21. Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clo thes man to do the job. (para. 33)
Paraphrase:
For some reason I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I had a policeman not wearing a uniform do it.
Jimmy had mixed feelings. He knew what his duty was. But the memories of their friendship, the expressions of Bob’s undying respect and admiration for him and the fact that Bob had come all the way from a thousand miles away just to keep the appointment made 20 years before must have deeply touched him. Therefore, he could not bring himself to arrest Bob.
Unit 10
1. The end of manual labor was liberating. (1)
Paraphrase:
Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated after the manual labor had been ended.
2. To survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (2)
Paraphrase:
In order not to die and go on living in prison, prisoners must cultivate ways to learn to enjoy themselves in their daily life.
3. But eventually they gave in, and we were able to cut out a small garden on
a narrow patch of earth against the far wall. (3)
Paraphrase:
But finally they agreed unwillingly, and we were able to mark out a small garden on a strip of earth against the wall in the distance.
4. At the time, some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart, for I spent my days in a wasteland and my free time digging in the courtyard. (4) Paraphrase:
At that time, some of my comrades said jokingly that I was really a miner since I spent my days in a land which had been deserted for a long time and my spare time digging in the courtyard.
5. The authorities did not regret giving permission, for once the garden began to flourish, I often provided the warders with some of my best tomatoes and onions.
(5)
Paraphrase:
The person in charge didn’t feel regretful that they had allowed me to have a garden because as soon as the garden began to grow well, I often gave the warders some of my best tomatoes and onions.
6. I told her this small story at great length. I do not know what she read into that letter, (11)
Paraphrase:
I told her this small story in detail. I do not know whether she understood the meaning of the letter more than it did.
Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.
Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征，这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如，我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事，一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室，面带笑容，声音激动。年轻人宣布：“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的，而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期，同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来，深深地叹了口气，宣布说：“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架，两人的关系不再看好。因而，大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时，这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上，成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人，他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节，如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处，如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子，当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后，我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到，当我的世界不断扩展，新的机遇不断出现时，我的父亲，一个年过花甲之人，正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小，选择在变少。在家的那些日子里，我和父亲几次谈心，共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲，并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始，就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样，教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而，当他们到了青春期，这些问题却遭到了质疑，在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年，他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末，一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的
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2014101018 第五单元 Translation of Text A 夜莺与玫瑰 1 “她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞。”年轻的学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰。” 2 这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中的夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异。 3 “在我的花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽的大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我的生活瞬时暗淡！” 4 “终于有一位重感情的人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了。” 5 “王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻的学生喃喃道：“我的爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮。我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我的肩头。但在我的花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比。” 6 “他确实是一个重感情的人，”夜莺说。真爱是美好的，它价胜千金。 7 “乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻的学生道，“我的爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞。她的身姿是如此的轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般。但他是不会和我一起跳的，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她。”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来。 8 “他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色的蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道。 9 “是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶问道。 10 “到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉的声音对他的邻居说道. 11 “他为一只红玫瑰哭泣。”夜莺说。 12 “为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗的小蜥蜴肆无忌惮的笑道。但是夜莺了解男孩的悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上。 13 突然她张开自己棕色的双翼，向空中飞去。她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园。 14 在草地的中心一棵美丽的红玫瑰树傲然屹立。她看到后立即向它飞去：“给
综合英语 1 Comprehensive English1 【学分】4 【学时】64 【编写】袁邦照【审核】程莹 （一）授课对象 四年制本科英语专业学生 （二）课程的性质和地位 本课程是是本科英语专业低年级的一门学科基础课程，是英语专业基础阶段全面培养和提高学生语言能力和交际能力的一门课程，在整个基础英语教学中具有重要奠基作用。本课程的教学，是在学生已初步掌握一定的英语词汇、语音、语法基本知识和听、说、读、写基本技能的基础上进行的，因此，主要教学目的在于进一步提高学生综合运用英语的能力，特别是要加强口笔头语言表达能力，同时加深对词汇、语法、写作、修辞等方面的知识，同时指导学生学习方法，培养逻辑思维能力，为进一步接受英语专业高年级教育打下全面的牢固的基础。本课程以课文教学为中心，采用精讲多练、讲练结合的方式，主要通过语言基础训练与篇章讲解分析，启发学生学习语言的积极性和自觉性，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量和熟悉英语常用句型，具备基本的口头与笔头表达能力，并逐步形成用英语思维的能力。 （三）课程教学的目标 1.改变观念：帮助学生尽快熟悉大学学习环境和自主学习方法；使学生养成良好的学习习惯；培养学生的独立工作能力。引导学生改变应试学习的观点，逐步树立“To know English is to speak English.”的观念。 2.语音：通过一对一纠音练习，语音模仿秀等，整顿学生的语音面貌，提高学生的朗读技巧。 3.词汇和语法：盘活中学所学语法和词汇，使之成为语言交际的实际技能。认知词汇3000-4000个(其中含中学已学2 000个)，熟用其中1600-1800个及其最基本的搭配。听力：能在15分钟听写根据已学知识编写的材料(词数120左右，念四遍，第一、四遍语速为每分钟100个词，第二、三遍根据意群停顿)，错误率不超过8%。要求学生每天收听CRI及VOA的Special English。熟悉新闻广播的特点和语速。 4.口语：能使用课文中的重点词汇和短语复述课文；能用英语正确表达所学的功能意念，以达到实际交流运用的目的。 5.阅读和写作：能读懂词汇量为2000-2500的浅易材料及简易读物，阅读速度每分钟60-80个词，理解基本正确，能抓住中心大意。对重点句子能够释义。学会初步使用“英英”
Page 39 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident. Sth. seems (to be) + adj.(表) + to sb. 2.We looked around. There wasn't a building standing in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything. Sth. /sb. +（seem + to do）复合谓语3.He seems to be in low spirits these days. Sth./Sb. + seem to be + 表语 wonder why. I think it's because he doesn't seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates. Sb. + seem to do sth There seems to be 4.What are you looking for, Dick? I seem to have lost my key. How annoying! 5.If you find that a word doesn't seem to
make any sense in the sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary. That's the only way to learn to use a word. 6.They went on arguing for hours. Neither of them seem (to be) willing to listen to each other. I suddenly remembered someone saying "Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance." 7.The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promised to look into it. 8.My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him. 9.Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end. W orld economy is looking up. 10.When I got well I looked at my bank account. To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero. All my savings in
2014101018 第六单元 Translation of Text A 青香蕉 1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。“这容易解决，”一个人说到。他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。“青香蕉。”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。 2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。” 3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。他点头说：“绝对是中心。这儿的人都知道。” 4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。我告诉他，他们指给我看了。“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。一直以来这儿的人都知道。” 5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。但突然在那条山路上，当我需要它时，它正巧出现了。可是仔细想一想，其实青香蕉一直在那儿存在着。时间可以追溯到香蕉的最初的起源。那个村子里的人都知道它已经很多年了，我现在也因此认识它了。我开始珍视村民们的聪明才智和青香蕉的特殊潜能。曾有一段时间，我一直困惑于教育家们提出的“领悟的瞬间”，而现在我知道自己刚刚同时经历了两个这样的瞬间。 6我又用了一些时间来领会村民们认为那块标志着世界中心的岩石的重要性。开始时我怀疑他们的说法，因为我知道实际上世界的中心是位于新英格兰的某个
Lesson One Half a Day Naguib Mahfous 1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. 2. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops: pears, and date palms. 3. "Why school ?" I asked my father. "What have I done ?" 4. "I'm not punishing you, " he said, laughing. "School's not a punishment. It's a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don' t you want to be useful like your brothers?" 5. I was not convinced. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. 6. When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. "Go in by yourself, " said my father, "and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. " 7. I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him. "Be a man, " he said. "Today you truly begin life. You will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave. " 8. I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, "Who brought you?" 9. "My father, " I whispered. 10. "My father's dead, " he said simply. 11. I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. 12. "This is your new home, "said the woman. "There are mothers and fathers here, too. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here. So dry your tears and face life joyfully. " 13. Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends and fell in love with many girls. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences. 14. We played all sorts of games. In the music room we sang our first songs. We also had our first introduction to language. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries. We started learning numbers, and we were told the story of the Creator of the universe. We ate delicious food, took a little nap, and woke up to go on with friendship and love, playing and learning. 15. Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded. We had to be observant and patient. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to
Unit 1 1.adolescence .青春期 2.adolescent .青少年时期 3.adulthood.成年 4.affection .喜爱 5.affirm. 断言 6.agenda.日程表 7.Approval .同意，批准 8.attitudinal .态度的 9.counsel .建议 10.crisis . 危机 11.encyclopedia .百科全书 12.endeavor.尝试 13.endowment.天赋 14.ethical.道德的 15.evaluate.估算，评估 16.excessive.过分的，极度的 17.feminine .女性的 18.functional .职务的 19.genetic 基因的 20.heighten . 提高 21.inherit遗传，继承 22.inhibition压抑的情绪 23.interaction合作 24.internalize内化 25.masculine 男性的 26.newscast 新闻广播 27.option 选择 28.peer 同龄人 29.perceive理解 30.prejudiced 偏见 31.rebel抗议 32.resentment 怨恨 33.seminary学院的 34.theological神学的 35.wardrobe衣橱 Unit 2 36..abate 减弱 37..akimbo两手叉腰 38..barrel桶 39..bookworm极爱读书的人 40..careerism追求个人事业成功 41..clan家族 42..coax 哄骗https://www.doczj.com/doc/b14038777.html,prise 组成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b14038777.html,pulsion 冲动 45..convent女修道院 46..corollary 推论 47..couched 表达 48..courser骏马 49..crayfish小龙虾 50..curled卷曲的 51..discontented不满足的 52..dishearten 让人失去希望 53..dogged顽强的 54..domino---多米诺骨牌 55..equivalent等效 56..ethos精神 57..exclusivity---排他性，排外性 58..flatten使平整 59..frigate- 护航舰 60..gable---三角墙 61..guillotine- 断头台 62..hale--健壮的 63..installment- 一期 64..interior--内部的 65..inveterate- 积习难改的，成瘾的 66..invincible 太壮而无法击败 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b14038777.html,tter-下半年 68..literacy-有文化的 69..literati-识字的 70..lure 诱惑力 71..mockingbird--知更鸟 72..ottoman- 奥斯曼帝国 73..parallel平行的，同时的 74..perplexed- 迷惑的 75..plummet--暴跌 76..portray-- 描绘，勾画 77..prance-欢腾 78..prize-对---很重要 79..pundit-某一学科的权威，专家 80..safari-野外狩猎 81..Saint--圣徒，圣人 82..sanction-批准 83..seduce 诱使 84..sling-挂在 85..snobbery- 势力 86..solace安慰
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？ 约翰·切阿迪 1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。 4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。假 设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。它们会给你带来收入；但愿你的收入总能够用。” 6.“但完成一天的工作后，剩下的8小时你做什么呢？比如说你可以回家，和你的家 人待在一起。你所供养的是一个什么样的家庭呢？孩子们在家里能接触到一点还算是精辟的思想吗？你主持的家庭中有民主气息吗？家里有书吗？有那种一般敏感的人看了不会发怵的画吗？孩子们会听到巴赫的音乐吗？” 7.这差不多就是我所说的，但这个讨厌鬼不感兴趣。“看，”他说，“你们教授用你 们的方法培养孩子；我会以我自己的方式抚养我自己的孩子。我呀，我会尽一切努力挣钱的。” 8.“我希望你能赚很多，”我告诉他，“因为你在开支票的余暇会愁没事干的。” 9.14年后的今天，我仍然在教书，在此我要告诉你们，大学的职责并不只是在于培训 你，它还要使你接触人类思想的精髓。如果你没时间看莎士比亚的作品，没时间看哲学入门，没时间欣赏艺术的存续，也没时间学习我们称之为历史的人类发展的课
Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon
现代大学英语精读教案 Revised final draft November 26, 2020
U n i t1H a l f a d a y 教学目的 1. 了解作者及其背景知识； 2．熟悉本文使用的写作手法； 3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞手法； 4．熟练掌握三类构词法； 5．通过深刻理解文章内涵，培养学生社会洞察力和相关的讨论能力，同时掌握文中的核心语言点。 教学内容 1. 热身 2．作者 教育与背景 主要着作 创作观 3．作品赏析 结构分析 如何赏析文学作品 扩展式讨论 4．写作技巧 省略疑问句和修辞疑问句 倒装句 “with”独立结构 5．语言理解 长难句解析 核心词汇学习 band, convince, daze, exert, intricate, observe, overlook, rank, revolve, startle, uviverse, vary 介词练习 构词法：-tion; -volve; -ly 6．课堂讨论 7．练与讲 教学重点 1. 文学作品的赏析； 2．文学中的修辞手法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；“with”独立结构 3．构词法：前缀 教学方法结合实际吸收各种教学法（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体使用）的优点。 教学手段用投影仪播放PowerPoint课件及板书；群发电子邮件布置课堂资料和课后作业（或其来源）。 ⅠAbout the author ★ Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. （mummies and pyramids / sphinx 狮身人面）