浙江大学考博英语03年秋词汇题
1. Hoping that he might be able to _____the
problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.
A . shed light on B. make light of C.
bring light to D. set light to
2. His_____ and unwillingless to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of
the team.
A. arrogance
B. dignity
C. humility
D.
solitude
3. The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980
thanks to a(n)______in world trade.
A. inflation
B. stimulus
C. bulge
D.
boom
4. He decided he was going to take______ for the
murder of his sister
A. refuge
B. testify
C. certify
D.
allege
5. No one expected him to ____against his former
employer.
A. dedare
B. testify
C. certify
D.
allege
6. Rachel was the_____ choice for the job thanks
to her communication skills
A. unanimous
B. genuine
C. harmnious
D.
agreeable
7. The police detective put together the pieces
of evidence to form on ____ account.
A. senstive
B. genuine
C. expressive
D. coherent
8. You should have your eyes examined_____to be
sure of your eyesight.
A. periodically
B. persistently
C.
continuously D. continually
9. You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t giv e them a second thought.
A. negative
B. disgrace
C. contempt
D.
sarcasm
10 The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name
of one of the worst dictators in modern history.
A. worship
B. glorify
C. adore
D.
cherish
11 The government is seeking to ___ itself from
the latest financial.
A. detach
B. extract
C. derive
D. ease
12 Heavy rainful in the south of England means
that flooding is____
A. imminent
B. momentous
C. transient
D. prospective
13 He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from
the office.
A. dispose
B. dispensed
C. dispatched
D. dispersed
14 I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize
her.
A. attentively
B. intensively
C.
intentionally D. intensely
15 You will only be allowed to leave early in_____
circumstances
A. exceptional
B. concidental
C. peculiar
D. imperative
参考答案： A A D B B A D A A B B A C C A
浙江大学考博英语04年春词汇题
1. It is important to keep the factory working
at ____ efficiency all the time.
A optimistic
B optimum
C optical D
optional
2. We need to take steps to counter the _____
decline in our export market.
A lingering
B chronic
C lengthy D
abiding
3. Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____
A legible
B intelligible
C distinctive
D conceivable
4. We are going to____ what were learned so for
by doing some revision exercise today.
A consolidate
B reinforce
C affirm
D conform
5. Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade
Sandra to go with him and then left
A considerable
B trival
C futile D
resultant
6. The school agree to ___ their decision until
they had spoken to his parents.
A convert
B retain
C deter
D expel
7. Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come in
A acclaining
B reclaining
C exclaining
D proclaiming
8. The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bank
A discrepancy
B conflict
C contrast
D divergence
9. The idea that a good night sleep will cure
everything is a complete _____
A defect
B fallacy
C fraud
D abuse
10 Before a bill can become law it has to have
the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.
A justification
B warrant
C endorsement
D verification
11 The image is ____ by a series of lenses within
the telescope
A magnified
B signified
C extended D
expanded
12 Strangely enough the most obvious explanation
did not ___Juckie until the next day
A stumble on
B occur to
C come up with D
stand up to
13 The government wants a 3% inflation rate, but
is this a ___ objective?
A reflective
B flexible
C feeble D
feasible
14 She has still ___ by what happened in Bancelona,
although she had left 20years earlier
A haunted
B frequented
C recalled D
sustained
15 The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can
tell time in the dark
A imminent
B luminous
C illumination D
illustrative
参考答案：B B A A C B D A B C A B D A B
浙江大学考博英语04年秋词汇题
（大部分与03年秋以及04年春词汇部分重复，不同的
有）
1. You can't cure a common cold, but you can ____
the symptoms.
A moderate
B alleviate
C dilute D
subdue
2. For years scientists have been ___ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.
A tangled
B terrified
C evoked D
baffled
3. The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has
never really recored.
A calamity
B downfall
C reverse D
scandal
4 Our company's management____negotiations on a
new union contract
A launched
B triggered
C terminated
D preserved
参考答案：B D A A
浙江大学考博英语05年春词汇题
1. If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to___
A snap
B shrink
C fade
D condense
2. His last play was ___ by the critics as a
masterpiece
A claimed
B proclaimed
C exclaimed
D acclaimed
3. It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.
A regulations
B specialities C
essentials D specifications
4.Your letter has been___ to the authority
concerned.
A transited
B transfered
C transported
D transmitted
5.Among her many___ are loyalty ,courage
andtruthfulness
A virtues
B morals
C characters
D graces
6 The soldiers___ their arms as thay marched.
A swayed
B swung
C swerved D
swelled
7. The country's constitution___ the ideals of
equality and freedom.
A embodies
B symbolizes
C marks D
represents
8. It was ___ whether the patient will survive
the operation
A vague
B suspicious
C ambiguous
D doubtful
9, The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach
A trapped
B frightened
C engaged
D misled
10 "I'm far too busy to talk to you now." he
said, in his usual____manner.
A rigid
B steep
C abrupt
D stern
11 He's rich and keeps____about how much money
he's got to impress people
A exaggerating
B boasting
C admiring
D inspiring
12 She was____enough to realize right from the
start that he was lying.
A initiative
B pervasive C
imaginative D perceptive
13 The two countries___ their peace efforts after
a break of two and a half years
A rebuked
B renewed
C reviewed
D reclaimed
14 People always greet each other warmly,____
their different origins and beliefs.
A in regard to
B in contrast with C
with respect to D regardless of
15 The express train from London___ on time.
A pulled up
B pulled over
C pulled
in D pulled through
参考答案：B D D B A B A D D C B D B D C
浙江大学考博试题
Section I Listening comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)
Part A (Write not more than 3 words)
Part B (Write not more than 5 words)
Part C
Section II Vocabulary (15 marks, 1 mark each)
21. It is important to keep the factory working at _____ efficiency all the time.
A. optimistic
B. chronic
C. optical
D. optional
22. We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.
A. lingering
B. chronic
C. lengthy
D. abiding
23. Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely _____.
A. legible
B. intelligible
C. distinctive
D. conceivable
24. We’re going to _____ what we’ve learned so far by doing some
revision exercises today.
A. consolidate
B. reinforce
C. affirm
D. conform
25. Kevin made one last _____ attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him, then left.
A. considerable
B. trivial
C. futile
D. resistant
26. The school agreed to _____ their decision until they had spoken to William’s parents.
A. convert
B. retain
C. defer
D. expel 27. Republican party members were confidently _____ victory even as the first few votes came in.
A. acclaiming
B. reclaiming
C. exclaiming
D. proclaiming
28. The _____ between the two sets of figures suggests that someone has been stealing money from the bank.
A. discrepancy
B. conflict
C. contrast
D. divergence
29. The idea that a good night’s sleep will cure everything is a
complete _____.
A. defect
B. fallacy
C. fraud
D. abuse
30. Before a bill can become law it has to have the full _____ of both Houses of Parliament.
A. justification
B. warrant
C. endorsement
D. verification
31. The image is _____ by a series of lenses within the telescope.
A. magnified
B. signified
C. extended
D. expanded
32. Strangely enough, the most obvious explanation did not _____ Jackie until the next day.
A. Stumble on
B. occur to
C. come up with
D. stand up to
33. The Government wants a 3% inflation rate, but is this a _____ objective?
A. reflective
B. flexible
C. feeble
D. feasible
34. She was still _____ by what happened in Barcelona, although she had left twenty years earlier.
A. haunted
B. frequented
C.
recalled D. sustained
35. The hands on my alarm clock are _____ so I can tell the time in the dark.
A. imminent
B. prominent
C. illuminate
D. luminant
Section III Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each)
The Canadian government is introducing one of the _____ anti-tobacco laws in the world. __37__, health groups are describing the bill as a missed opportunity because it fails to include __38__ proposals that were considered in previous __39__.
The law introduces strict __40__ on the sale and advertising of tobacco. Companies will have to __41__ the contents of cigarette smoke. __42__ giving tar and nicotine contents on cigarette packets, says the government, __43__ will be required to list other toxic constituents of smoke alongside their __44__. But with some 4000 such toxic components, the government plans to __45__ only a handful on each packet.
Health groups __46__ this move, but are disappointed that the law fails to demand that cigarettes be __47__ in generic white packets with the brand name given in standard black lettering.
“We have a major __48__ here,” says LeGresley.
The new bill, which is __49__ by the Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers’ Council as “very extreme”, is no w being rushed through parliament. It is designed to discourage cigarette sales to the young, __50__. Young people buying cigarettes will have to show proof of age, just __51__ they do for alcohol. The bill also __52__ cigarette ending machines and mail-order sales.
Some advertising will be permitted. Tobacco companies are still forbidden to advertise on television or radio, but will be allowed to place advertisements in publications where __53__ is mostly __54__, such as daily newspapers. __55__ of sporting and cultural events, which may be shown on television, will also be allowed.
36. A. toughest B. universal C. reasonable D. flexible
37. A. Even so B. Even though C. On the contrary D. On the whole
38. A. adventurous B. sensible C. controversial D. innovative
39. A. sketches B. drafts C. codes D. regulations
40. A. controls B. bans C. disciplines D. orders
41. A. incorporate B. comprise C. disclose D. confess
42. A. Rather than B. As well as C. In spite of D. In view of
43. A. manufacturers B. advertisers C. dealers D. consumers
44. A. capacities B. components C. implications D. quantities
45. A. attach B. enclose C. highlight D. discriminate
46. A. appraise B. assess C. applaud D. compliment
47. A. sold B. promoted C. introduce D. sealed
48. A. setback B. misfortune C. hardship D. adversity
49. A. commented B. described C. hailed D. reflected
50. A. in part B. in particular C. in general D. in haste
51. A. as B. since C. when D. if
52. A. objects B. promotes C. notifies D. prohibits
53. A. employee B. audience C. spectator D. readership
54. A. adult B. professional C. adolescence D. female
55. A. Broadcasting B. Sponsorship C. Advertising D. Coverage
Section IV Reading Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each) Passage 1-4 (56-75)
Section V Translation (25 marks)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that
children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these
conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing
22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because
23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation
24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response
25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else
26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with
28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject
29.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect
30.[A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount
31.[A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length
32.[A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence
33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced
34.[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D]
simultaneously
35.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as
36.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage
37.[A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible
38.[A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability
39.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity
40.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with
many student-written book reviews,29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21.［A］thought ［B］idea ［C］opinion ［D］advice
22.［A］strengthen ［B］accommodate ［C］stimulate ［D］enhance
23.［A］care ［B］nutrition ［C］exercise ［D］leisure
24.［A］If ［B］Although ［C］Whereas ［D］Because
25.［A］assistance ［B］guidance ［C］confidence ［D］tolerance
26.［A］claimed ［B］admired ［C］ignored ［D］surpassed
27.［A］improper ［B］risky ［C］fair ［D］wise
浙大考博英语真题部分考试
————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：
2016年浙江大学博士生英语 听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at T aylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent. Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.----- 文章来源托福听力 听力是托福内容，完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~
Reading Text 1 Few social problems have increased so suddenly or been dramatized so effectively as the plight of the homeless in the 1980s and 1990s.Once an invisible people who could easily be ignored, the homeless are now recognized everywhere on the streets and in the public facilities of major cities. There are bag ladies who roam the streets carrying what is left of their possessions in shopping bags or grocery carts. There are disoriented men curled up on benches, in stairwells, or alongside walls. There are children – some runaways and some throwaways scrounge(偷，骗取) for food and shelter. The number of homeless people in underdeveloped societies in the mid-1980s was estimated by the United Nations (UN) to be more than 100 million. The so-called “new”homeless live in the developed, industrialized nations of Europe, North America, and East Asia. Accurate statistics have been impossible to verify, in part because of the conflicting viewpoints on the subject of homelessness. Politicians, lawyers, and others who become advocates for the homeless have said that there are from 2 to 3 million homeless in the US alone. Others who have studied the problem from a less sympathetic point of view suggest that the
Test One（听力播放） Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. 1. A. He’s worried. B. It’s getting late. C. He heard a noise outside. D. He can’t see out of the window. 2. A. Soon B. In 20 minutes. C. They don’t care. D. They don’t know. 3. A. Here. B. A pass. C. An official. D.A letter of introduction. 4. A. Home. B. To town. C. To his friends. D. To a restaurant. 5. A. She uses coffee. B. She hates coffee. C. She never liked coffee. D. She liked coffee before. 6. A. The pay isn’t important. B. They don’t need the money. C. He wants to save the money. D. He doesn’t like waiting in line for his pay. 7. A. He wants to go to sleep. B. Doctors always tell him lies. C. He doesn’t believe in medicine. D. He needs a rest without being bothered. 8. A. He eats too much. B. He kills chickens. C. He only eats chickens. D. He married a greedy person. 9. A. Buying trees. B. Who owns the tree. C. Their family trees. D. How old the tree is. 10. A. A stranger. B. A ticket seller. C. A train attendant. D. Another passenger. Section B Directions: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once. After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in Ju ne when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C [A] inspiration [B] stimulation [C] escape [D] relaxation 33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D [A] artists [B] experts [C] discoverers [D] designers 34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B [A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. [B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. [C] Parents spend too much time watching television.
2013浙江大学考博英语阅读试题
学苑教育考博辅导老师为您提供备考建议，希望对您有所帮助。 Today,cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult menand thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettesregularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given upsmoking. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men andwomen the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’ssmoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms.Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes thanmen with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if awell-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smokemore packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly moresmokers among women with higher family income and higher education than amongthe lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated womentend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers fromupper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farmareas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of theirparents smoke. 1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? A.More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 2.What factors determine a person’s smokinghabits ?
听力第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C
浙江大学考博英语复试经验参考 一、题型分析 浙江大学近几年博士生入学考试题型分布： 听力(20分)、词汇(15分)、完型(20分)、阅读(20分)、翻译(25分) 考试时长3个小时。 分析真题的难度，听力、翻译略难于大学英语6级，其他和6级 难度基本保持一致。感觉浙大考博英语听力难度类似于6级阅读理解。 二、近几年分数线分析【总分线（听力线）】 03春：59（10）03秋：53（7） 04春：56（8）04秋：57（8） 05春：53（7）05秋：63（11) 06春：60（11)06秋：58（9) 07秋：50（8）08秋：50（6） 09年：55（8）10年：50（6） 11年：58（7）12年：60（9） 13年：60（10）14年：60（10） 15年：60（10）16年：60（10） 17年：60（12）18年：60 60分达标建议：平时做题听力单选至少要对7个以上，因听写得分很不容易，完型对13个以上，阅读对16个以上，翻译一般同学得 分会为10-15分。
三、评分细则 1.听力听写在宽松判卷情况下，写对关键词得0.5分，时态、单 复数错误只得0.5分。注意：如写的超过规定单词数，即使写的和听 力原文完全一样，也只有0.5分，这时需要想办法去掉不重要的单词，千万不要超过规定单词数。 2.翻译一般以10-15分为基准，亮点多会提升一个档次分数 （15-20分），以此类推，语言比一般同学的还要粗糙恐怕会给10分 以下。如有“低级下流”语句，比如Iis、youis等，可能直接给10 分以下。没写完的得分也会直接降低，如果真没时间写了，注意，赶 紧去写结尾。 一模一样内容，字写得工整整齐可能会高至少3分，总体感觉和 改考研作文一样，同样一个句子，有的同学写出来就是很美的复合句、连贯、浑然一体，有的同学则是简单粗糙、堆砌、上下文断裂，虽然 表达清楚了汉语内容。 四、相对应对策 1.过好词汇关 浙大英语总体词汇量偏重于英语6级，所以选一本6级高频词汇 作为记忆点，应付考试充足。建议上班族用手机里的APP(如扇贝单词、百词斩等)背记;建议应届生还是用高频词汇本。 背单词时，不要幻想背一次就充足了，如果基础好建议背两次， 基础一般的建议背三次，每天根据自己实际情况确定要被单词量先少 后多，词汇会慢慢熟悉起来，记的时候一定要熟读例句，并注重单词 各种形式、用法和读音。到了临考前二周左右，再拿起单词本或者APP 应该能够在一周内全部背完，此时词汇量完全能够应付考试。 此外，要用好真题词汇题。分析发现真题词汇会以不同形式重复 用法，建议每做完一套真题后总结分析词汇题，特别是对自己背过的 单词如果模糊的话，一定要去查，重点注重形近词、意近词和自己不
2012浙江大学医学分子生物学（乙）回忆版： 一．名词解释（3分*5） 1.The Central Dogma 2.Telomere 3.nuclear localization signal, NLS 4.Protein Motif 5.Splicesome 二．简答题：（5分*9） 1.一个基因有哪些结构组成？ 2.基因、染色体、基因组的关系？ 3.表观遗传机制改变染色质结果的机制？ 4.内含子的生物学意义？ 5.什么是蛋白质泛素化？其生物学意义是什么？ 6.蛋白质纯化的方法？ 7.MicroRNA是什么？它如何发挥作用？ 8.什么是全基因组关联研究（Genome Wide Association Studies,GWAS）？其研究目的是什么？ 9.分子生物学研究为什么需要模式生物？ 三．问答题：（10分*4） 1.人体不同部位的细胞其基因组相同，为什么表达蛋白质的种类和数量不同？ 2.用分子生物学知识，谈谈疾病发生机制？ 3.有一块肿瘤组织及癌旁组织，设计一个实验证明细胞内蛋白质在肿瘤发生发展中的作用？ 4.目前，基因靶点研究已成为新药开发的用药部分，结合目前药物靶点在新药开发中的应用，谈谈你的建议和观点？
2011浙江大学博士入学考试医学分子生物学试题回忆 一、英文名解 1、冈崎片段： 2、反式作用因子： 3、多克隆位点： 4、micro RNA： 5、分子伴侣： 二、简答 1、蛋白质四级结构。 2、真核转录调控点。 3、表观遗传学调控染色质。 4、真核RNA聚合酶类型及作用。 5、基因突变。 6、组学概念及举例。 7、简述兔源多克隆抗体的制备。
2011年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文 2011年03月21日星期一15:53 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that () .× 正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ().×
计算理论 字母表：一个有穷的符号集合。 字母表上的字符串是该字母表中的符号的有穷序列。 一个字符串的长度是它作为序列的长度。 连接反转Kleene星号L* ，连接L中0个或多个字符串得到的所有字符串的集合。 有穷自动机：描述能力和资源极其有限的计算机模型。 有穷自动机是一个5元组M=(K,∑,δ,s,F),其中 1）K是一个有穷的集合，称为状态集 2）∑是一个有穷的集合，称为字母表 3）δ是从KX∑→K的函数，称为转移函数 4）s∈K是初始状态 5）F?K是接收状态集 M接收的语言是M接收的所有字符串的集合，记作L(M). 对于每一台非确定型有穷自动机，有一台等价的确定型有穷自动机有穷自动机接受的语言在并、连接、Kleene星号、补、交运算下是封闭的。 每一台非确定型有穷自动机都等价于某一台确定型有穷自动机。一个语言是正则的当且仅当它被有穷自动机接受。 正则表达式：称R是一个正则表达式，如果R是 1）a，这里a是字母表∑中的一个元素。 2）ε，只包含一个字符串空串的语言
3） ，不包含任何字符串的语言 4)(R1∪R2),这里R1和R2是正则表达式 5）(R10R2),这里R1和R2是正则表达式 6）(R1*),这里R1*是正则表达式 一个语言是正则的当且仅当可以用正则表达式描述。 2000年4月 1、根据图灵机理论,说明现代计算机系统的理论基础。 1936年，图灵向伦敦权威的数学杂志投了一篇论文，题为《论数字计算在决断难题中的应用》。在这篇开创性的论文中，图灵给“可计算性”下了一个严格的数学定义，并提出著名的“图灵机”(Turing Machine)的设想。“图灵机”不是一种具体的机器，而是一种思想模型，可制造一种十分简单但运算能力极强的计算机装置，用来计算所有能想像得到的可计算函数。这个装置由下面几个部分组成：一个无限长的纸带，一个读写头。（中间那个大盒子），内部状态（盒子上的方块，比如A,B,E,H），另外，还有一个程序对这个盒子进行控制。这个装置就是根据程序的命令以及它的内部状态进行磁带的读写、移动。工作带被划分为大小相同的方格，每一格上可书写一个给定字母表上的符号。控制器可以在带上左右移动，它带有一个读写出一个你期待的结果。这一理论奠定了整个现
Chinna发表于：09-12-31 11:33 [只看该作者] 清华，北大，浙大，复旦，上交大，中科院考博英语经验及择校参考依据 首先，建议准备考博的人先仔细想一下自己为什么要考博？对辛苦、压力大、贫穷甚至可能让你觉得寂寞无聊的博士生活，作好准备没有？ 切入正题了！！！ 我通过自己做各校的考博英语真题，并结合亲临考场的感受（有些是和几个要好的博友一起讨论后的宝贵经验），希望献给有志于考博的虫子门，也希望在小木虫里多关注下我这只新虫，并祝愿小木虫更加壮大。 以下仅一家之言，也要结合你的专业和自身实力情况斟酌，慎重考虑： 对清华，北大，浙大，复旦，交大，中科院考博英语的经验和比较： 一、清华的英语比北大简单些，所需词汇量比北大考试所需掌握量少。题型容易被考生适应。如果你的英语还可以的话，60分不是太困难。（理工科的考生如果联系好合适的导师，可以考一考，英语应该不会让你挂了，不过联系一个有意向的导师也是相当的难哦，他们对外要的很少）。清华连续多年蝉联中国大学榜首，声望好，学生就业好，绝对是一个让人向往的地方，我就不废话了！ 二、北大的英语考得相当难，词汇要求很奇怪，阅读也常让人感觉很费解，其实大多数人的成绩反而不一定考的出来，60分很有点难哦。（另外，联系北大导师比清华就更困难了，他们搞基础研究的，觉得外面的学生进去后带起来比较费劲，另外做的都是长线课题，所以硕博连读的和直博的比较多，基本就不怎么要外面的哦，故要考北大，还不如考相对更容易一点但绝不输北大的清华）。 三、浙大：浙大的英语与北大清华不一样，与考研挺像，我个人觉得较能考察英语能力。不过浙大的英语有两条线，一条是英语总线（一般为55～60分/100分），一条是听力线（一般为9～12/20），两线都得过才行，听说有的博友英语考了差不多70分，但听力只考了8分，9分，而当年的听力线为10分或11分，结果就挂了，而且这种情况绝非极少数，还是有一点比例的。如果你希望考传统的英语考试题型，英语还不错，听力比较有把握，你完全可以报考浙大。浙大合并后很强，不过各专业情况当然不一样了。另外，浙大的听力是找本校的外教，发音稍有点怪，和他们的《实用听力》资料不太一样，不过题并不是太难，建议听力用“《实用听力》＋两步美国电影＋两部英国电影”策略应付，看电影一方面是习惯英式和美式发音，另一方面j缓解紧张的生活。 四、复旦的英语考的比较难，词汇要求几乎变态，而且你几乎没有有效的复习措施去应对(也许这才是所谓的素质教育吧，不好说），我上过他们的考博英语