优质参考文档 TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclif easreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative at allofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing? (A)tRpical (B)satisfied (C)supportive (D)distinctive 002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1 843- 1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,pr oducingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces, whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehigh lR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing? (A)valued (B)universal (C)uncommon (D)preserved 003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid- 1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanew schoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathad beenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing? (A)surpassed (B)inclined (C)eRpressed (D)applied 004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbeha velikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10t o100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100ti mesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing? (A)records (B)speeds (C)distances (D)periods 005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaci ermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing? (A)pushing (B)releasing (C)strengthening (D)draining 006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouther nSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicew ould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?
雅思G类大作文话题范文：教育话题 Evaluation of teachers You should spend about 40 minutes onthis task. Some people think that high schoolstudents should be given the freedom to evaluate and even criticize theirteachers, while others claim that this practice will disrupt the order inclassroom and lead to disrespect for teachers. What is your opinion? Write at least 250 words. Education: Sample Introduction Whether high school students should begiven the freedom to evaluate and criticize their teachers is a challengingissue in education. Some people support this practice while others believe thatit will be hard for the teachers to maintain classroom order and gain students’respect. Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on thefollowing three reasons. Main Body 1 First of all, it is difficult for highschool students to adopt a completely objective attitude towards their teacherswhen they are
6分作文的评分标准 ? addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others ? presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive ? presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear ? arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression ?uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical ? may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately; ? uses paragraphing, but not always logically ? uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task ? attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy ? makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication ? uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms ? makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication 雅思大作文话题之教育类 Some people think schools should only teach students academic subjects. Others think schools should also teach students how to discriminate between right and wrong. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 3 Some employers think that formal academic qualifications are more important than life experiences and personal qualities when they look for an employee. Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development? Schools should concentrate on teaching students the academic subjects that will be useful for their future careers. Subjects such as music and sports are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2 Some people think children should obey the rules set by their parents and teachers set, but others think that less control will help children to deal with their future adult life. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2 Some people think students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree? 2
附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.doczj.com/doc/b12539315.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious
雅思写作教材 ?雅思写作必须为AcademicWriting，但是何为AcademicWriting，且看下面两段文字： E.g.:livinginbigcityisagoodchoice,becauseourchildrencouldgetbettereducation. Forexample,plentyofprimaryschoolsarelocatedinbigcity,so localcitizenscouldsend theirchildrenthere.Secondly,therearealotoftheatersinbigcitysowecouldenjoyfilms intheweekend. Thetwomeritsinbigcitiesasbetterservicejointlycontributetomakeurbanizationapriority. Firstofall,sufficienteducationalinstitutionsandfundshaveguaranteedthat higherlevelofeducationcouldbeacquiredinlargecity.Additionally,urbancitizenscanappreciate amorecolorfullifethanruralcitizens.Thecityprovides aplentyofplacesfor entertainmentwhilerurallifemayabitdull andtasteless. 第二段文字是典型的AcademicWriting，仅供参考。 ?雅思写作必备基础常识。首先从类型角度说五类小作文，四类大作文；从字数角度说是至少150+250=400字；从写作时间角度说是理论上20+40=60mins；从技术处理角度说建议先写大作文再写小作文。 ?官方给出每篇作文的分数是根据四个评分标准来的，小作文分别是：TA/CC/LR/GRA，大作文分别是：TR/CC/LR/GRA。两者结合白话一点说就是：题意理解/连贯衔接/词汇运用/语法准确。分别来看： 7分作文： ?写作内容涵盖写作任务的要求 ?（学术类）清晰地呈现关于主要趋势、区别或不同阶段的概述 ?（培训类）清晰地呈现写作目的，行文语气一致且恰当 ?能就主要内容/要点进行清晰的呈现与强调，但未能更为充分地展开 ?符合逻辑地组织信息及观点；清晰的行文推进贯穿全文 ?恰当地使用一系列衔接手段，尽管有时使用不足或过多 ?使用足够的词汇，体现一定灵活性及准确性 ?使用不常见词汇，对语体及搭配有一定认识 ?在选择用词、拼写及/或构词方面可能偶尔出现错误 ?运用各种复杂的语法结构 ?多数句子准确无误 ?对语法及标点符号掌握较好，但有时出现少许错误 6分作文：根据写作任 务要求作文 ?（学术类）选择恰当的信息进行概述 ?（培训类）写作目的基本清晰；行文语气有时未能保持前后一致 ?呈现并充分地强调了主要内容/要点，但有时含有不相关、不恰当或不准确的细节信息 ?连贯地组织信息及观点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展 ?有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械 ?有时无法保持一贯清晰或恰当地使用指代 ?使用足够的词汇开展写作任务
环境类词汇 低碳low carbon 环保的environmental 生态系统ecosystem 环境保护environmental protection/ conservation 保护protect/ preserve/ safeguard 可持续发展?sustainable development 耗尽自然资源run out of/ impoverish natural resources exploit 留下一个碳化足迹leaving a carbonized imprint 向环境排放污染物?release pollutants into the environment 温室效应greenhouse effect 全球变暖global warming 有毒的toxic 污染pollution 恶化，降级deteriorate 缺乏，缺少，不足lack of/ be lacking in 抵制气候变化restrain the climate change 改善空气质量improve air quality 节约能源energy conservation 可再生能源，例如风能、水能和太阳能 renewable sources, such as wind, water and solar energy 燃油高效汽车fuel-efficient?vehicles 乘坐公共交通工具，拼车或骑自行车 Taking public transport, carpool or ride a bicycle 避免使用一次性产品avoid using disposable products 环保产品green products 生态友好的替代品environmental-friendly substitution/ alternatives 生活垃圾分类domestic waste sorting 少消耗多回收Less consumption more recycling 可供选择的手段Alternative means 无价的，极其宝贵的priceless, precious 大批灭绝exterminate in a large scale 不可补救的伤害irremediable damage 过度捕捞overfishing 野生动物wild animal 频临灭绝be endangered 生物多样化biological diversity 新能源、更安全的能源more safer new energy 缓解能源危机relieve energy crisis 循环利用能源recycling 能源短缺energy shortage 放射性物质radioactive substances 沙漠化desertification 持续发展develop sustainably
TPO4 inhibit=restrict 限制，禁止inthesamebreath=immediately 立即 indefiniteperiod=whoseendhasnotbeendetermined rebound=recovery 复原，重获 amarkeddegree=aconsiderabledegree 很大程度上principal=major 主要的 environmentaltrappings=environmentaldecorations accumulate=buildup 累积adjacent=nearby 临近的sloping=inclining 倾斜的foul=pollute 污染 TPO5 exhibit=show 展示facilitate=makeeasier 促进suspended=hung 悬浮的afford=offer 提供，支付的起overwhelming=powerful 有力的，强大的implement=tool 工具undisputed=acknowledged 认可的，无可争议的significant=important 重要的不定期的装饰 relatively=comparatively 相对地
diversification=emergenceofmanyvarieties 多样化promote=encourage 激励 TPO6 exploit=utilize 利用vastly=greatly 极大地，深 远地growaccustomedto=becomeusedto 习惯于 retain=maintain 保持rudimentary=basic 基础的meticulously=carefully 仔细地，严谨地 endure=survive 忍受，存活virtually=nearly 事实 上，几乎plausible=believable 可信的 phenomenon=occurrence 现象，发生的事件 critically=fundamentally 根本地 perspective=viewpoint 观点 TPO7 objective=purpose 目的 scoresof=largenumbersof 大量的turbulent=violent 暴力的obsessionwith=fixationon 痴迷于 foster=encourage 培育，激励sphere=area 范围diffuse=spread 传播 profound=far-reaching 深远地 ritual=ceremonial 仪式flee=runawayfrom 逃避 TPO8 massive=verylarge 大量的 pinpoint=identifyprecisely 精确描述，精确定位ingenuity=cleverness 精巧predominant=principal 主 要的cope=adapt 处理，适应 fluctuation=variation 变化，波动bombard=strike 敲 击，轰炸disruption=disturbance 干扰
雅思作文题目必备的十个雅思话题 一、教育类别 1. 教育会囊括一些什么内容？ 母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions? (050312) 提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。 子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能？大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益？准备未来职业最好的方法是 上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？大学要不要扩招？中学阶段应 当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要 让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？ 2. 学校的科目谁来选择？
母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion. (060916) 提示：这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。 子题1：政府选课or 老师选课？学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择？ 子题2：要不要学国际新闻？要不要学历史？要不要中学阶段就学习外语？要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？ 3. 什么样的教学方式最好？ 母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (041113, 081023, 100515) 提示：远程教育最大的好处，就在于三个any：anybody, anywhere, any time. 缺点是缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction, 缺乏
1. The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software,videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 公共图书馆是否应该提供高科技的东西 2. Many parents complain that computer games have no value to their children’s studies.On their mental and physical development. What is your opinion? 电脑对儿童的学习以及身体和智力的发展都没有好处吗 3. Topic: some people think computer and the Internet are important in children’s study ,but others think students can learn more effectively in school and with teachers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 儿童是和老师一起学习好还是用电脑和网络好？ 4. Computers are increasingly used in education. In which areas do you think are computers more important and in which areas are teachers more important? 在哪些领域电脑更重要，哪些领域老师更重要？ 5 Some people believe that all the children in school are required to learn at least one foreign language. However, others say that those who are not talented do not have to learn. What is your opinion? 所有学生都要求学语言还是只有有天赋的学生才要学、？ 6. In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a wide range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today’s world, which system is appropriate? 中学教育应该更广泛还是针对具体的职业？ 7 Some teachers say students should be organized into groups to study, while others argue that students should be made to study alone Tell the benefits of each study method. Which one do you think is more effective? 单独学习还是分组学？ 8 In modem society, many people think primary schools should teach science and technology rather than history and geography, which are useless and boring.Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 学校不应该教无聊和没用的历史和地理而应该教科学和技术吗？ 9 Some people think intelligent students should be educated together with other students. Do you agree or disagree? 高智商的学生应该和其他普通学生一起学习吗 10 Some people think students should take courses that are decided by the government .others think students should be allowed to focus on subjects that they prefer. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 学生应该自己决定学什么还是按照政府的安排 11 Children who grow up in needy families are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up in wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree? 穷孩子会比富孩子更好的处理问题吗 12 University students should pay all the cost of their studies because university
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in 2