洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌
Passage One
译文
当全球气候变暖最终来临时，其来势凶猛。有的地区温度在一个世纪内升高好几度。海平面陡然上升近400英尺，淹没了沿海的城镇，迫使人们向内陆迁徙。由于北美、欧洲和亚洲的植被迅速退化，全世界沙漠扩大，使许多动物濒临灭绝后，人们被迫放弃旧的生活方式，转向全新的求生策略，结果出现了大规模饥荒和疾病。这种适应就是农业：一万多年前出现的全球变暖的危机导致了农业的出现。
本周，当环境保护专家聚集在里约热内卢考虑今后的全球气候时，地球科学家们在理解过去气候的变化以及这些变化怎样改变了人类的生存方面正处在根本转变的过程中。地球环境从热变冷，从潮湿变干燥。然后又周而复始，这一过程可追溯至几亿年前，强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起使地球环境发生了这些变化，研究人员开始将这些组合成了一幅清晰的图画。
最重要的是：科学家们开始认识到气候变化对人类进化产生了极大冲击。新的研究表明，气候变化在人类进化的每一个重大转折点都起了重要作用：从大约6500年前灵长目动物的出现到人类祖先直立起来用双腿走路，从人类大脑的迅速膨胀发育到农业的兴起。的确，人类历史不仅仅是受全球气候的影响，一些科学家说，在有些情况下简直是被推着走。
新的研究对里约热内卢环境高峰会议有深刻含义。除了其他方面，研究结果还表明：对地球这颗行星来说，剧烈的气候变化并不新鲜。宜人的全球环境已存在10,000年，在这期间，农业、书写、城市及大多数其他文明特征出现了，在历史上这种宜人的环境仅仅是更大的、完全不同的气候模式中的一个明亮点。实际上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使不受人类活动的影响，未来地球气候也几乎肯定会经历极大的变化。
Passage Two
译文
女人的钱再多也不多，女人再瘦也不瘦。这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的，体现了我们独特的时代精神。瘦被视为这样一种美德。
这种观点的问题在于一些人实际上企图以此为生。我自己就幻想很快穿上瘦小的时装。因此，我一生中大部分时间——即很糟糕的时间——都在节食。有钱也不会是坏事，但这种事不会发生，除非在某个遥远的国度一个不知名的亲戚突然死了，给我留下了数百万美元。
我们在何处背离了生活常规？什么时候吃黄油成了一种罪？稍稍多长了一点肉不是令人厌恶，就成为丑陋？所有的宗教都有特定的禁食日，暴食是基督教不可饶恕的七大罪行之一。但现在大多数人在吃够方面有问题。在有些宗教中，财富是可拯救和高尚道德的象征，胖是财富和康乐的象征。
今天刚刚相反。我们转向以消瘦为美德的新标志。结果便是胖——或者甚至体重稍稍有一点偏重——就是坏事，因它暗示缺乏道德意志。
因对健康关心，我们对消瘦也越发痴迷。的确，在我国现在体重超标的人比以往都多，在许多情况下肥胖同心血管疾病增加的危险有关。但是这些疾病既同超重有关，也与我们的生活方式及高脂肪饮食有很大关系。消化系统癌症的相关危险可能更多的是饮食问题——脂肪太多、纤维缺乏——而不是体重问题。
那么，真正应该关心的不是我们的体重太重，而是我们锻炼不够，吃得也不科学。锻炼对强壮的骨骼、健康的心肺都是必要的。脂肪不多的均衡饮食也能帮助身体避免很多疾病。我们肯定应该不再对体重花这么多的注意力。仅仅瘦是不够的。如果那些想瘦或者已经瘦了的人认为自己会自动地健康，因而对整个生活方式不注意，这实际上很危险。瘦可以说是纯粹的虚荣。
Passage Three
译文
战争可能是人类进攻性的生物本能和动力的自然表达方式。愤怒、敌意的自然冲动以及守地盘的天性通过暴力得以表现。这些全是人类同动物共有的品质。进攻是一种天生的生存机制、自我保存的本能，它让动物在生存威胁中保卫自己。但另一方面，人类暴力表现出是一种学习行为的证据。就人类进攻的情况来说，暴力不能简单归纳为本能。人类暴力的许多表现总是由影响进攻行为的社会习俗所决定的。在人类社会中暴力有一种社会功能：它是创造或者破坏社会秩序形式的策略。宗教传统在指引暴力行为时扮演主要角色。我们将看到人类暴力在宗教仪式方面和道德方面被引导的模式。
一个社会中的暴力通过法律制度得到控制。法律制度越发达，社会就为发现、控制和惩罚暴力行为承担更多的责任。在大多数宗族社会中，对待暴力的惟一手段就是报复。每个家族可有责任亲自对进攻者执行判决和惩罚。但是在法律体系中，报复的责任变得非个人化和分散化。社会承担保护个人免遭施暴的责任。万一个人不能得到保护，社会有责任强制实行惩罚。在一个法律体制控制的国家，个人被排除在暴力行为引发的报复循环之外，国家承担保护他们的责任。
国家法律机器的另一方面是国家军事机器。虽然一方面保护个人免遭施暴，另一方面却为了国家利益让个人牺牲在暴力之下。战争中，国家肯定对其境内个人拥有至高无上的权力。战争并不简单地是国家间为解决争端用战斗进行的尝试；它是这样一个时刻：国家最强有力地要求其人民承担义务、效忠甚至作出最
大的牺牲。战争时期考验一个社会最高的宗教和道德义务。
Passage Four
译文
对正在研究文化和种族不熟悉的研究人员必须格外警惕，以免带入他们自己文化的偏见。比如，他们必须确保所创立的标准对每一个正在被研究的文化或少数民族有意义。
在对文化和少数民族问题进行研究时，调查人员将本位方法和非位方法区别开来。本位方法的目标是用对一种文化或民族中的人有意义的、重要的术语去描绘该文化或民族的行为，不考虑其他文化或民族。非位方法的目标是行为描绘的概括性可跨越文化。如果研究者以本位方式设计问卷，他们关心的仅仅是所设计的问题对正在被研究的特定文化或民族有意义。但如果研究者以非位方法设计问卷，他们就想包括能反映所有相关文化都熟悉的概念的问题。
本位和非位方法在家庭变化过程研究中可能会得到怎样的反映呢？在本位方法中，研究者可能选择将注意力仅仅集中在中产阶层白人家庭中，不考虑研究中心所获信息是否能被概括或是否对少数民族群体适合。在后续研究中，研究者也许决定采用非位方法，不仅研究中产阶层白人家庭，而且研究低收入白人家庭、美国黑人家庭、美国西班牙裔家庭和美国亚裔家庭。在研究少数民族家庭时研究者很可能会发现：同美国白人大家庭相比，少数民族中的大家庭更经常是一个支撑体系。如果这样，本位方法可能会显示出与非位方法不同的家庭成员互相模式，证明对中产阶层白人家庭的研究不能总是被推广于所有的种族群体。
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大学英语六级阅读理解专题训练 2016年下半年英语四六级迫在眉睫，同学们准备得如何了?下面是网提供给大家关于大学阅读理解专题训练，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。 What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it. The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 . But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s w hat we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today. A. answer I. creative B. result J. belief C. share K. suspicious D. guilty L. certainty E. constant M. obsessed F. defined N. identify
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/b94922731.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） Unit 10 Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants,
大学英语六级第一次模考试题阅读
Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. The 35 percent of African-American youth living in poverty are the most visible victims of what is often called the achievement gap. But black children of all socioeconomic levels perform worse on national tests and graduate in fewer numbers than their white middle-class peers. A study by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics found that African-American students scored, on average, 26 points lower than white students on their reading and math tests. Some say, as Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and American Enterprise Institute political scientist Charles Murray did in their 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that the cause is genetic. And though The Bell Curve has been discredited in scientific circles, the idea that IQ is somehow linked to race has been slow to retreat. Others, like Cornell University researchers Gary Evans and Michelle Schamberg, believe that “physiological stress is a plausible model for how poverty could get into the brain and eventually interfere with achievement,” as they wrote in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Our best efforts at narrowing the gap nationally — think No Child Left Behind —haven’t worked. But locally, there are now signs of hope. At the Harlem
大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案 第一篇 A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year’s epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. “It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways.” He said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions—generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations—have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators（呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations. 1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for _____. A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected B. conducting clinical studies of SARS patients C. determining treatment for SARS D. publishing all the information about SARS
2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：Passage One答案及解析 Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the fut ure of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.” Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.” While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new
2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二） Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates
Reading Comprehension for CET 6 Passage 1 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images. 1.The main idea of the passage is______________. [A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________. [A]took pictures with the natives [B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案》的内容，具体内容：下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had ... 下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。 Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies (幻想) may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is