牛津高中英语－模块一
第一单元
一定语从句：定语从句的介绍
1．就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词：The green team
介词短语：The team in green
定语从句：The team who were wearing green
2．定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导，如when, where, why。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；
关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如：做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.
做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.
做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.
做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.
做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.
二定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose
1．在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。
如：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.
2．在定语从句中，who 用来指代人。
如：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.
3．当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。
如：I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other day.
4．当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。
如：He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him.
5．Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。
如：I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.
The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.
第二单元
一定语从句：介词提前的定语从句（preposition＋which; preposition＋whom）
1．当关系代词（which/whom）做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。
如：We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. 2．在非正式英语中，介词通常放在定语从句的最后。
如：Art is the subject which I know little about.
3．如果介词放在定语从句的最后，which 可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。
如：Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.
4．当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语，并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时，我们通常省略关系代词who和that。
如：The topic (which) Eric is interested in is Physics.
Daniel is the person (whom) I want to make friends with.
5．当先行词是way时，我们用in which或that来引导定语从句，这种情况下，in which 或that 可以被省略。
如：I didn’t like the way (that /in which) she talked to me.
二定语从句：关系副词：when，where，why
1．我们通常用关系副词when 引导先行词是time，moment，day，season，year 等的定语从句。
如：Do you remember the day when we left you in charge?
I often think of the moment when I saw the UFO.
2．我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是place，house，city，country，city，world 等的定语从句。
如：The police searched the house where the thief had stayed.
This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
3．我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。
如：I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty.
4．在更加正式的英语中，where，when和why能够被介词＋which 所替代。
如：The study is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.
This is the reason why/for which my parents got home earlier.
It rained the whole day when/on which he traveled with his family.
第三单元
一定语从句：非限制性定语从句
1．非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句，在非限制性定语从句前通常有个
逗号。
如：Amy, who took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.
My pills are in the bathroom, where I always keep them.
2．当先行词是整个主句时，可以用which来引导定语从句。
如：He missed the show, which was a great pity.
3．我们可以用all＋whom/which 来表示全部数量，用some of＋whom/which来表示部分数量。
如：I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diet.
二附加疑问句
1．附加疑问句是放在陈述句后面的短问句。它们通常被用在口语中来引出一段对话，以一个更加礼貌的方式来询问信息，温柔的发号施令或要求某人做某事。我们用附加疑问句来询问意见或征求同意。
当我们用附加疑问句来询问意见时，为了期待对方能同意我们的观点，附加疑问句会用降调来表达。
当我们用附加疑问句来征求同意时，我们实际上是在询问我们自己也不太能确信的事情，这时候附加疑问句会用升调来表达。
2．附加疑问句的构成有以下几种：
1）在肯定的陈述句之后，我们会用否定的附加疑问句。在否定的陈述句之后，我们会用肯定的附加疑问句。
如：We can still be friends, can’t we?
He d oesn’t like ice cream, does he?
2）当主句中有像neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly或seldom 这类词时，它们被认为是否定的，因此后面会跟个肯定的附加疑问句。
如：Neither of you will have coffee, will you?
No one has found my CD, have they?
Nobody understood his speech, did they?
His sister seldom argues with people, does she?
3）人称代词如I，we，you，he，she，it或they会放在附加疑问句中。
如：I was pretty silly, wasn’t I?
Everyone has advises you not to go on a diet, haven’t you?
4）助动词，情态动词或be动词会放在附加疑问句中。
如：You like traveling, don’t you?
There is something wrong, isn’t there?
You can’t speak Italian, can you?
5）祁使句后用will you，Let’s后用shall we
如：Post a letter for me, will you?
Let’s have a break, shall we?
牛津高中英语－模块二
第一单元
一现在完成时态
1．我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。
如：The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.
2．我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过去刚开始，并且现在还没结束的事情。
如：I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.
3．当动作发生的确切时间不清楚或不重要时，我们也用现在完成时态。经常连用的时间短语有：already ever for just lately never recently since yet
already 用语肯定句，yet用语否定句。
如：The boy has already come home. I haven’t heard anything from him yet.
for+一段时间since+点时间
如：We haven’t seen him for two years. We haven’t seen him since 2002.
注：当已给定具体的时间时，我们往往用一般过去时态，而不是现在完成时态。
4．我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作。
如：The police have just finished searching the area.
5．我们也用现在完成时态来表示重复的动作。
如：Some villages say that they have seen UFOs many times.
6．现在完成时态的构成是：have/has+动词的过去分词
二现在完成进行时态
1．我们用现在完成进行时态来表示在过去发生的并且仍将继续的动作。
如：I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.
2．我们用现在完成进行时态来表示刚刚结束但以某种方式和现在有联系的动作。
如：--- Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
--- Yes, I’ve been waiting for an hour.
3．现在完成进行时态的构成：have/has +been +doing
注：for和since和现在完成进行时态连用。
如：I have been waiting for a long time.
He has been waiting since nine o’clock.
三现在完成时态还是现在完成进行时态
1．我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示发生在过去并且现在仍在发生的动作。
如：Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.) 2．我们用现在完成时态表示重复的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示不停的动作。
如：I have visited Egypt twice this month.
I have been touring Egypt for two months.
现在完成时态用于回答how many/much的提问，现在完成进行时态用语回答how long的
提问。
如：How many times have you swum in the lake?
How long have you been swimming in the lake?
3．状态动词和动作动词都可以用在现在完成时态中，但只有动作动词可以用在现在完成进行时态中。
如：I have had this camera for five years. (状态动词)
I have taken photos of UFO with this camera. （动作动词）
I have been taking photos of UFO with this camera. （动作动词）
注：动作动词表示发生或变化的动作，如go，play。状态动词表示保持不变的动作，如like，know，exist
4．当never，yet，already，ever出现在句子中时，只用现在完成时态，而不用现在完成进行时态。
如：I’ve never visited Paris.
I’ve already been to Paris.
第二单元
一将来进行时态
1．我们用将来进行时态来：
1）谈论将来一段时间正在进行的事情。
如：Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week
2）谈论从将来的某一点开始并且有可能要持续一段时间的事情。
如：Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas. 3）没有任何意图的表达将来的事情。
如：The weather report says that it will be raining when we arrive in London.
在这种情况下表示事情是很自然的发生的，没有人为的安排。
4）礼貌地询问有关其他人将来的计划。
如：Will you be visiting your uncle in Tanzania?
2．将来进行时态的构成：
1）陈述句：will(not)+v-ing
如：Toby and his brother, Colin, will (not) be flying to Morocco.
2）疑问句：will 提到主语的前面
如：Will they be flying to Morocco on 15th July?
3）回答：will（not）
如：Yes, they will. /No, they will not(won’t)
二过去将来时态
1．我们用过去将来时态和过去进行时态来：
1）表示过去的将来某一时间要发生的动作。
如：They set off at 9 a.m. and would reach the airport an hour later.
2) 暗指一个过去的目的。
如：I was going to leave, but then it rained.
3) 暗指一个过去的安排。
如：Colin called Jennifer to say that he was seeing her later that afternoon.
4) 指代实际已经发生过的将来的动作。
如：The journey that was to change Toby’s life started in July that year.
2．陈述句中过去将来时态的构成：
1）would +动词原形
如：I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling.
2) was/were going to，was /were to , was/were about to
如：We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didn’t have time.
It was his last day at school---he was to leave the next morning.
Colin was about to get off the camel when a child ran towards him.
第三单元
一过去完成时态
1．我们用一般过去时态来谈论一个过去的动作。当我们想要谈论比过去更早的时间里发生的事情时，就用过去完成时态。
如：Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.
2．0中，我们用过去完成时态来指代说话的时候就已经发生的动作。直接引语中的一般过去时态和现在完成时态在间接引语中改为过去完成时态。
如：“We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.-------
Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.
3．过去完成时态只是指在另一个过去的动作之前发生的动作，并不是指发生在一长段时间
以前的动作。
如：I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
4．过去完成时态经常跟以下引导的时间短语连用，如when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for, already.
如：Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died.
5．过去完成时态的构成：had+v-ed
如：Howard Carter had received money from Lord Carnarvon before he made his most amazing discovery.
二现在完成时态还是过去完成时态
当我们谈论一个与现在有关的过去的事情时，我们用现在完成时态。
如：Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.
当我们在谈论过去，并要说明一个更早发生的动作的时候，我们就要用过去完成时态。如：Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangly.
牛津高中英语－模块三
第一单元
一名词性从句：名词性从句的介绍
名词性从句在句中的作用和名词或名词短语的作用是一样的。
1．我们可以用名词性从句做句子的主语。
如：That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known.
Why they have not left yet is unclear.
我们可以用it来做形式主语。
如：It was good news that everyone got back safely.
2．我们可以用名词性从句来做动词的宾语。
如：she sensed that she was being watched.
I wonder if/whether that’s a good idea.
Polly didn’t know which way she should go.
我们可以用名词性从句来做介词的宾语。
如：I’m interested in who that tall man is.
There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.
我们可以用it来做形式宾语。
如：we all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.
The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.
3．我们可以用名词性从句来做表语。
如：the truth is that the fog is too think for the bus to run that far.
My question is whether Polly can find her way home.
The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd.
4．我们可以用名词性从句来做一个名词的同位语。
如：the fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity.
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
Whatever gave you the idea that I can sing?
5．我们用that，if/whether或一个疑问词来引导名词性从句。
如：I hope that Polly will be OK.
No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.
She couldn’t imagine how the blind man had found her.
二名词性从句：用that或if/whether引导的名词性从句1．我们用that 来引导名词性从句。
1）当从句是一个陈述句时，我们用that来引导名词性从句。
如：She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
2) 在大多数情况下，我们不用that来引导介词后的名词性从句，但是，可以用that来引导in或except后的宾语从句。
如：The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog.
I didn’t tell him anything except that I wasn’t able to find my way back.
3）当名词性从句做句子的主语时，that不能省略。
如：That we couldn’t find our way out was really bad news.
4）在非正式英语中，当名词性从句做句子的宾语或表语时，that可以省略。
如：She wished (that) someone would come along to help her.
The truth is (that) the buses will not be running.
1．我们用if或whether 来引导名词性从句。
1）当从句是个一般疑问句时，我们用if或whether来引导名词性从句。我们把if或whether 后面从句的顺序改成陈述句的语序。
如：She wondered. Would the buses still be running?
She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.
2）介词后只能用whether，而不能用if。
如：She is not certain about whether she has done anything wrong.
3）当从句做主语放在句子开头时，只能用whether，而不能用if。
如：Whether it is going to clear up keeps me wondering.
4）只能用whether or not，而不能用if or not。
如：I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.
2．如果and或but引导两个并列的that或whether/if引导的名词性从句，后一个句子的that 或whether/if不可省。
如：He said that he liked rain very much and that he wouldn’t use an umbrella when it was raining.
No one knows whether it will be fine tomorrow and whether he will come to work.
第二单元
一名词性从句：由疑问词引导的名词性从句
我们用以下的疑问词来引导名词性从句：what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how。
1．当从句是wh-引导的疑问句时，我们用疑问词来引导名词性从句。从句可以做句子的主语，宾语或表语。
如：Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.
You can begin to see why English has such strange rules.
That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules.
2．我们把疑问词后面的句式改成陈述句的语序。
如：What are people from the north saying? People from the south find it difficult to understand.
People from the south find it difficult to understand what people from the north are saying.
3．在任何情况下，都不可以省略名词性从句中的疑问引导词。
二形式主语it
在英语中，我们通常把最重要的信息放在句子的末尾用于强调。这被称做句末强调效果。用形式主语it就可以达到这一效果。It只是语法意义上的主语，真正的主语在句子的后面。1．我们通常用it来做形式主语。
1）当我们用一个名词性从句来做句子的主语时：
（更好的）It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today.
（正确的）That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.
2）当主语是带to的动词不定式时：
（更好的）It is hard to master a foreign language.
（正确的）To master a foreign language is hard.
3）当主语是动词-ing形式时：
（更好的）Smoking is difficult to stop.
（正确的）It is difficult to stop smoking.
2．It可以被放在seem，appear，happen，chance，turn out 和prove前做句子的形式主语。
如：It seems that he speaks two languages.=he seems to speak two languages.
It happens that my new neighbor comes from my hometown.=my new neighbor happens to come from my hometown.
3．我们可以用句型it+be+被强调的名词或短语+that或who引导的从句来强调句子中的主语，宾语或状语。
如：It was last night (not any other time)that I read about the history of English.
如果不强调任何成分，句子可以是：
I read about the history of English last night.
第三单元
一宾语不足语
1．宾语补足语为宾语提供更多的信息。
如：They called her the Loulan Beauty.
2．宾语补足语通常以下面形式出现：动词+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语补足语通常可以是名词短语或形容词。
如：They made Professor Zhang chairman of the society.
We found the ruins most interesting.
3．有时侯带to的动词不定式和不带to的动词不定式可以做宾语补足语。
如：They believed him to be honest.
Professor Zhang’s speech made us all laugh.
4．宾语补足语可以时介词短语。
如：She found ourselves in the middle of a desert.
5．宾语不足语通常和宾语在数上是一致的。
如：She made Joe her assistant.
She made Joe and Sue her assistants.
二Either… or…和Neither… nor…
1．我们用either…or…来表示选择性。
如：（连接主语）either Ann or Jane should have arrived by now.
(连接动词) people either tried to escape or stayed in their houses.
(连接宾语)we could choose to eat either noodles or rice.
(连接状语)they are going to the museum either today or tomorrow.
3．我们用neither…nor…来连接表示否定的观点。（both…and…的反义词）如：neither the museum nor the site itself interested her.
They neither told me the location nor showed me the map.
I ate neither the noodles nor the rice.
They went there neither by train nor by air.
三主谓一致
主谓一致是指在主语后选择正确的单复数形式。以下几点帮助我们决定动词是单数或是复数。
1．动词应是单数，如果主语是：
1）单数的名词或不可数名词
如：the city was founded in the 8th century BC.
The food they offered on the plane was delicious.
2) 计量的短语，标题或名字
如：two hours is too short for the visit.
Little women is a great novel.
3) 一个短语或从句
如：travelling to Pompeii is exciting.
That it keeps raining worries the tourists.
2．动词应是复数，如果主语是：
1）一个复数名词
如：both cities were very rich.
2）由and连接的两个或两个以上的单词或短语
如：the noodles and rice they offered on the plane were quite plain.
3．当主语是all of/ most of/ some of/ half of/ a part of +名词/代词，动词与名词或代词保持一致。
如：all of us have attended the lecture about Pompeii.
Most of the lecture was about how the ancient city was discovered.
4．当主语是集合名词，如band, crowd, class, dozen, family, public, team 时，如果名词指代的是集体，动词用单数；如果名词指代的是个体，动词用复数。
如：our team is very important to me.
Our team are now traveling to Xinjiang.
5．当主语是news, physics, mathematics, Aids时，动词用单数；当主语是goods, clothes, congratulations, earnings, remains, belongings 时，动词用复数。
如：the latest news is that the Loulan Beauty is being displayed in Shanghai.
All their belongings were destroyed in the earthquake.
6．当either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接句子的主语时，动词采取就近原则。
如：either the team leader or the guides are looking after the students.
Either the guides or the team leader is looking after the students.
注：当主语是anybody/anyone/anything/everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/no
高中英语语法总结 懂一点语法，在英语阅读方面的理解会更加透彻。下面是小编给大家整理的高中英语语法的相关知识，供大家参阅! 高中英语语法：助动词一.概念: 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种. 二.相关知识点精讲: 1. 助动词be的用法 1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如： They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。 3) be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如： He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。 说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如： How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? d. 表示相约、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 2. 助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如： He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2)have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3)have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 3.助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。例如：
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
高一英语知识点 重点词组：1. hunt for = look for寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。 hunt for a job 找工作 2. fond of “喜爱，爱好”接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。 3. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣= care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。 2）关心= care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。 4. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 5. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信 6. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。 7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束 （1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。 8、come about 引起；发生；产生 （1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？ （2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 9、stay up 不睡；熬夜 （1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。 （2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。 10、end up with 以……告终；以……结束 （1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。 11、except for 除……之外 （1）except 与except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。 ②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。 （2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。 ②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。 （3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
句子成分 (M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 系动词分三类：1）表示人或事物的身份特征或状态:appear, be, feel , look, seem, smell,sound, taste。例如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste good/尝起来不错； 2)表示状态的变化：become,come,fall,go,get, grow, turn,prove等；例如become cold/变冷，go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/（梦想）实现； 3)表示某种状态的延续或持续：continue，remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默，stay fine/仍然很好。