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英美文化论文-中西方节日差异Cultural_Differences_in_Chinese_and_Western_Festivals

英美文化论文-中西方节日差异Cultural_Differences_in_Chinese_and_Western_Festivals
英美文化论文-中西方节日差异Cultural_Differences_in_Chinese_and_Western_Festivals

中西方节日的文化差异及对比研究

Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western Festivals

摘要:节日是世界各国的宝贵文化遗产,不同国家的节日反映着不同的文化背景。本文旨在讨论中西方节日的文化差异以及某些重大节日的对比研究,以达到促进跨文化交流的目的。关键词:节日;文化差异;春节与圣诞节;清明节与万圣节;七夕与情人节;对比研究

Abstract Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries, so different festivals can reflect different cultures. This article discusses cultural differences and comparison between someone in Chinese and western festivals, aiming to promote cross-culture communication.

Key words festivals; culture differences; Spring Festival and the Christmas Day; the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween; the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day

1. Summary

Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries. That is also the rea son why festivals in China and western countries have little in common. As a matter of fact, Chinese and western festivals serve as an intriguing window into their cultural differences. Their different origins and people's different ways to celebrate the festivals all reflect their cultural contrasts.

First of all, the naming and the origins of Chinese and western festivals are an indication of their totally different traditions. In China, many of our festivals are connected with seasons which have great influence on agriculture. New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Duanwu Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Festival and Winter Solstice Festival are all examples. Take Duanwu Festival, for instance. Except for the explanations to honor the great poet Quyuan, many folk scholars believe that it originated from summer solstice and people's worship of dragons. In the fifth lunar month, crops begin to grow quickly. Obviously water is vitally important to agricultural production. While in ancient China, dragon was believed to be the god in charge of water. On the day of the festival, people raced dragon boats to please the god and offer him Zongzi. In this way, they pray for favorable weather for agriculture. As regards Chongyang Festival which falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, it is in the golden harvest season. All people are in great enjoyment of the exciting harvest. So we can see China has been a big country of agriculture since along time ago, and Chinese people tend to attach great importance to agriculture. Now let's see the origins of the western festivals. More often than not, we find the appearance of religion, especially Christianity. There are New Year's Day, Epiphany, Saint Patrick's Day, Good Friday, Easter, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. They are all connected with religion. Good Friday is the anniversary of the crucifixion of Jesus, Easter is to commemorate Jesus’ resurrection and Christmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. We can see western festivals are covered with a strong color of religion.

What's more, people's different ways to celebrate the festivals embody their different values. In China, we pursue health, union, and harmony. Food is a main subject for the

celebration. In Spring Festival, we have dumplings, noodles, New Year cakes, etc. Noodles symbolize longevity, while the New Year cakes pronounce “niangao” in Chinese, which means life will become better and better year by year. Family reunion dinner is of cause in dispensable. We also eat moon cakes in Mid-autumn Day and Laba Porridge in Laba festival. We Chinese try to make our life more harmonious. However, for westerners the way of celebration is different. They never like to stay at home. Instead, they choose to go out and have fun. April Fools’ Day is a festival for playing tricks and it brings great fun. Activities to celebrate the Independence Day are colorful and exciting, including picnics, playing fireworks and parades. For them, to realize individual value is the most important. They like to ex press their own feelings freely. For example, Saint Valentine’s Day is a good chance for westerners to express their romantic love. Compared with this, Chinese people are more confined to the old tradition. On Double-Seventh Day which can be called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”, people just can recall the stories of Niulang and Zhinu then do nothing.

To sum up, Chinese and western festivals are a window into their different cultures, including their tradition, their belief and their value. To learn different fe stivals is to promote cross culture communication. We should know the origins and people’s ways of celebration to understand the different cultures. Thus communication between China and Western countries will be much easier.

2. Comparative study on some important festivals between China and western countries

Festival culture is very profound. The festival customs in dissimilar countries are established by usage, with the own distinct national feature and rich presentation forms, but they in filtrate to each other. This and the western countries: Spring Festival and the Christmas Day, the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween, the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day.

Spring Festival and the Christmas Day

In China, as spring is the most beautiful season and all creatures on earth begin to grow, flowers are blooming in a riot of color; seeds sprout everywhere, i t is vitally important to celebrate the coming of the spring. As the beginning of a year, December 23rd in lunar year is the prelude to Spring Festival. On that day, all families without exception will worship the god of the kitchen and started to busily prepared for the New Year’s coming. In addition, according to the traditional habits, Chinese people will also make a thorough cleanup, which is also called spring-cleaning, to show their desire to sweep “the old and bad things” out of their house, ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year. After this work, every house along the street has a bright and new look. With paper-cuts on the windows, couplets on the wall and red lanterns in front of the door, it looks really brilliant and full of happiness. The New Year’s Eve is the last day of December in lunar year. At that night, all members in a family will get together to enjoy the “family reunion dinner”, implied meaning lucky and harmony. When having dinner, everyone should only talking about things happy and good, avoid referring to death, disease or something bad. What’s more, family members will not sleep until the dawn of the New Year’s Day. Instead, they will chat, watching TV and having snacks such as melon seeds, orange, and peanuts. The most exciting moment is when the New Year’s Bell rang. It seems as if all the firecrackers

around the world are set off with only one second. The sound of firecrackers will not stop until the dawn, and the new upsurge will begin at that time, when every family open the door and begin to visit their relatives. The carnival will continue to January 15th in lunar year.

In western countries, a similar festival is the Christmas Day which actually begins in December 12th and ends in January 6th in the next year. Like Chinese New Year, it is also a period rather than only one day, which is familiar to us all –December 25th. As the birthday of Jesus Christ, the Christmas Day is with no doubt the most vitally day all over the year. And as we all know, most western people are Christian. Red, green and white are regarded as the luckiest colors in Christmas Day, as they stand for the Christmas candle, Christmas tree and pure snow. People decorate a kind of evergreen tree with all kinds and colors of lights, balloons, gifts, paper flowers and so on, all filled with a festival atmosphere. Santa Claus is the most famous figure in western festival. All children believe that they will receive a brilliant gift from Santa Claus, and as they growing up, they will gradually know that their Santa Claus is a figure in human’s imagination. But who care? The most important thing is they get pleasure and own a happy childhood full of imagine. Just like Chinese spring-dinner, western people value the reunion of the whole family. They having dinner together beside the Christmas tree and enjoy themselves in playing until late at night. It is worth mentioning that the most popular songs during this period are “Silent Night”, “Jingle Bells”.

Spring Festival and the Christmas Day all show the happy and harmonious atmosphere established in family reunion. By contrast, Chinese people prefer to express their affection and homesick, while western people are more likely to pray for the gift of God.

The Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween

Pure Brightness here means clear and clean. Pure Brightness Festival is from Chinese lunar calendar. It is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. In Pure Brightness Festival, it’s a custom to visit one’s ancestor’s grave and sweep their tomb. Therefore, Pure Brightness Festival is also called Tomb-sweeping Day. The reason why Chinese people choose this day for honoring their ancestors may be that this day is the beginning of spring and ending of winter, all creatures begin to grow and people believe that their ancestors will obtain their new lives this day. They will look over the tomb carefully and make sure that there is no damage or corrosion. Then they will busting some paper-money, paper-flowers or some other things all made of paper, which is regarded as necessity for the dead people’s everyday use. Celebrate this Festival is important to all of us, but burning paper is not the only way. Beyond that, going for an excursion and fling kites. Sobriety is one of the Ghost Festival, demons; nature is capable of warding off evil into willow.

Chinese Pure Brightness Festival has the great value of commemoration and show the “Immortality of Soul” theory in the traditional Chinese thinking modes. Life-sustaining is not confines in biological process, but in the continuation of Chinese culture. It exists in the concept inherited from one generation to the next and is reverted by the whole Chinese nation.

Relatively, the western “Ghost Festival”is the Halloween. Children dress up in

costumes at night on Halloween and play pumpkin lanterns-pumpkins are a traditional part of the celebration, all people have parties and play games. Young person get together, wearing interesting costumes and all kinds of masks, visiting every house along the street and asking for sweets. It is said that ghosts will also visit the human world at night on Halloween and living person should try their best to treat them with warmth. The fire and pumpkin lantern are used to frighten the ghost and lead them back. On that day, people could do everything or make joke or trouble as they like and never mind other’s resentment, because everyone does as well. All people are happy and enjoy themselves in the harmony with the Nature.

T he Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day

Love is the permanent topic of human society. In china, people celebrate Chinese Valentine’s Day, which has a long history. It is also called “Qixi Festival”or “Double Seventh Festival”, as the date is July 7th in lunar year. How did the festival get its name? It is said that, once upon a time, there was a cowboy called “Niulang” and a fairy called “Zhinu” who fell in love with each other. However, their love was not allowed by others just because a fairy couldn’t love a human being. As a result, Zhinu was forced to go back to the Heaven and not allowed to meet Niulang any other time beside the Double Seventh Day. It usually rains more or less on this evening of the year, after being separated on either side of the Milky Way as a punishment by the Lord of Heaven. The Chinese Valentines Day is comparably more romantic yet heartrending, because this is the only time of year when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl (Zhinu) meet each other cross the Milky Way. Luckily,their true love moved the magpie, which was regarded as a lucky bird in China. These helpful birds consist a bridge over the Milky Way and the lovers could met each other at that day. On this day, people will looked up towards the sky to look for the Milky Way, the stars stand for the couple and pray for their love. Young girls will pray for ingenuity by making some hand-made little bag and hope for a happy ending.

T he Western Valentine’s Day is February 14th, which originated in the ancient Rome. The third century AD, ancient Rome, there was a tyrant called Claudius Meadows. Ancient Rome has been continuous war, more than a tyrant Crowe recruited a large number of Sri Lankan citizens to the battlefield, complaints were heard everywhere. Crowe Meadows fly into a rage, he was not allowed to transmit orders to hold a wedding, not even all at once to be engaged in also to the dissolution of marriage. A boy called Valentinus performed secret weddings after Claudius banned marriage to prevent soldiers from deserting his armies. His action was heard by Crowe Meadows and Valentinus was arrested and put into prison. The boy was tortured and finally put to death. His friends buried him in great sorrow on February 14th. When they think of Emperor Claudius, they remember how he tried to stand in the way of love, and they laugh-because they know that love can't be beaten! And now t he Western Valentine’s Day has become a day for lovers who have a strong will of love. On that day, lovers give gifts to each other, young boys will choose roses and girls chocolates. You could see sweet and happy lovers everywhere in the street.

3. Conclusion

The differences of the origins and evolutions are clarified about the Chinese and western traditional festivals, and the cultural differences are compared between China

and western countries. It is believed that most of western traditional festivals are based on religionary culture especially the Christianism culture, which has stronger general applicability and cross-cultural naturalizing ability; while Chinese traditional festivals mainly originated from calendarian time and solar term, which have very strong secularity and pantheism. These kinds of originating and developing differences become the barriers to cross-cultural intercommunion and naturalization of traditional festivals, especially for Chinese traditional festivals to naturalize across cultures to western countries. In order to endow Chinese traditional festivals with cross-cultural radiating catholicity, reconstruction of it with the era must be carried out, including the reconstruction of social soil it rooted, and brand-new historical meanings should be endued to traditional culture.

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中国与英美文化差异 【篇一:中国与英美文化差异】 摘要:近些年来,随着国际社会的不断进步,各国之间的经济文化 交流越来越广泛,而文化一直跟随着一个国家的发展历程,见证着 国家的兴衰存亡。纵观世界,英美文化和中国文化都具有博大精深、源远流长的特点,在不断发展的国际社会条件下,被赋予了新的内 容和含义,随着大国之间的交流越来越深入,使得各国之间文化交 流和碰撞也日益频繁。本文就目前英美文化和中国文化的发展现状,简要分析在新的社会条件下,英美文化和中国文化发展的差异所在。中国论文网 /9/view-6808314.htm 关键词:英美文化中国文化差异现状分析 中图分类号:g642 文献标识码: a 文章编号:1672-1578(2015)02-0007-02 随着我国改革开放事业的不断深入,我国经济水平和国际地位有了 很大的提升,与国际社会之间的交流和合作也越来越频繁,这就使 得我国文化承受着来自各国文化的冲击,特别是英美等西方经济发 展大国,在进行经济、文化、贸易交流时,对我国传统文化产生了 很大的影响。因此,在新的社会发展形势下,及时分析各国之间的 文化差异,对于继承和发扬我国优良传统文化有着很大的推动作用。 1 研究英美文化与中国文化之间差异的必要性 当今世界,处于国际社会中的每个国家要想得到高速的发展,就需 要保持与其他各国之间的经济、贸易等交流,而各国自身的发展历 程有着很大的区别,这就使得各国之间的文化底蕴和文化内涵有着 很大的不同,这在一定程度上阻碍了国家之间的交流与合作。因此,研究英美文化与中国文化之间的差异,对于国家之间的发展有着重 要的意义,下面就研究英美文化和中国文化之间差异的必要性做具 体分析。 1.1文化是社会意识形态的集中体现 通常来讲,文化是指人类活动的模式以及给予这些模式重要性的符 号化结构,主要包括文字、语言、文学、绘画等内容,不同地域、 不同时代的文化特点也不尽相同。文化是对人类社会长期的历史实 践过程中创造的物质财富和精神财富的集中体现,不仅是对当时社 会人类生活特点的体现,也是对一个国家长期的发展历程中文化特 色的积淀,更是对每个时期社会意识形态的重要体现。

中西方节日方面文化差异

中西方节日文化对比 一、中西方传统节日起源的差异 各国有着不同的国情,其传统节日的起源和形成也存在很大的差别。中国是一个有着古老东方文明的国家。其悠久的历史和优良传统为传统节日的成长提供了肥沃的土壤。作为一个农业国,中华文化深深根植于农业,因此,农业活动使得节日更具有地方性色彩。从另一方面来说,传统节日的形成过程,是一个民族或国家的历史文化长期积淀凝聚的过程。例如,春节与一些农业活动,如种植、收获,有着密切的联系。作为中国最重要的节日,春节的起源可以追溯到几千年来不断进化的一系列丰富多彩的传说和传统。 西方的传统节日的起源都带有浓厚的宗教色彩。在西方国家,宗教是文化和社会的中心。人们的思想可以通过宗教来反应。与此同时,宗教通过人类对上帝或精神的信仰控制着他们。自从欧洲大陆被基督教文明浸染后,西方几乎所有影响最大的传统节日都与基督教有关,可以毫不夸张地说,宗教存在于各行各业。二、中西方传统节日庆祝方式的差异 我们中国是礼仪之邦,再加上儒家思想的长期影响,我们的节日就特别注重仪式,节日里,年轻人必须礼拜老人,全家要吃团圆饭,要阖家共庆,阖家节日。即使是春节的互相串门拜年,也基本是在亲属之间。一群陌生人在一起狂欢,那是没有的、不可想象的。西方的节日的庆祝却强调内容的丰富多彩。在节日里, 对于别人送来的礼物,中国人往往要推辞一番,表现得无可奈何地接受,接受后一般也不当面打开。而在西方文化中,人们对别人送的礼品,一般都要当面打开称赞一番,并且欣然道谢。 由此可见,中西方传统节日的庆祝方式几乎是成两极分化的中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心,崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。 三、中西方传统节日文化价值的差异 在中国,人们尊重集体并把个人投入集体当中,他们重视集体而不是个人价值或个人的自由发展。而西方人却截然不同,他们尊敬人与自然,强调个人价值,并且追求自由主义和个人主义。西方的人道主义重视个人价值,强调个人的权利与自由。从另一方面来说,中国的节日体现着中国人的美德和风尚,尊老爱幼,互叙亲情,这些是我们民族的优良传统,应该继续发扬,所以国人一直坚守着这些中国节的好习俗、好风气。其实中西方节日差异的远远不止这些,归根结底所有的一切还是与民族的历史有着密不可分的关系。随着世界各国交流的日益频繁及科学技术的发展,在国际交往中,我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和思维方式、生活习惯及行为方式与我们迥然不同的人,在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。所以,保护我们原有的传统文化是必须的,但吸收新的文化也是必不可少的。中西方的文化互相渗透,相互融合,这是两种文化紧跟时代潮 流、永葆生命活力的一大福音。

英美文化差异

英美文化差异 文化是一个复合体,其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程,所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。了解英美文化知识,有助于交际畅通。相反,缺乏了解英美文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍,冲突和误解。我们从一下几个方面来了解一下英美两过的文化差异: 一、民族性格差异 英国比美国拥有更悠久的历史,因为英国曾经被法国侵占,所以英国文化以及思维方式在很大程度上都受到法国上流社会的影响,并在长期的发展中形成了英国人特有的“绅士”风度。他们说话客气、行为礼貌,做事情喜欢绕圈子,如果想给你提一些批评指正意见也许需要大费周章的绕很多圈子。 美国作为一个年轻的国家,在近代的发展中体现出该国强大的生命力。该国民族文化的形成与殖民主义、独立战争、工业革命紧密地联系在了一起。也因此美国民族风格的形成就具备了资产阶级的特质。美国人性格的一大特点就是时刻把民主与平等挂在嘴边,这是因为美洲大陆在为殖民地期间,人们要想更好的发展下去,就必须建立起平等的合作关系以保证生产的持续进行。这也就解释了美国人为何一直以世界警察自居,去干涉他国的人权问题,这不仅仅是因为美国政府为了自身经济利益考虑,也符合美国的民族性格。 二、语言差异 英式英语和美式英语之间的差别有时是惊人的,在发音、词汇的使用、语法、和表达方式上都不同。在国内时英语学得很不错的人,一旦到了美国,往往感到美式英语的困惑,不得不花大量的时间来适应美式英语。尽管英美两国都是说英语的国家,但是英式英语与美式英语之间还是存在这很大差异的。首先从发音来看,英式英语讲究字正腔圆,发音比较清楚,很少有连读现象。而美式英语中连读频率很高,卷舌音很多,美国人讲话秉承的就是能省则省,能连则连的原则。另外,两国在用词上也有很大差异,有时同一事物用的词语是不同的,有时要表达同一意思用的句子也是不同的。比如两个人见面打招呼,英国人会用‘How are you‘,而美国人就会简单的用’Hi’来代替。在表达方式上的差别也很惊人。当我看到一本英语口语教材中“好久不见了”的英语口语竟然是“Long time no see”时,我非常反感,认为这是地地道道的中国式英语。但是,当我问在美国定居的一个朋友时,他告诉我,有些美国人就是说“Long time no see” 三、生活习俗差异 英国人非常讲究衣着,讲究绅士风度,西装革履。美国人相对就随意很多,想穿什么就穿什么,不介意别人的评价。两国在饮食上也有很大差异,英国人在饮食上也处处散发着上流社会的高贵气质,从选材到烹饪都精细到了极致,尤其是餐桌礼仪,餐桌上不能发出任何声音,包括说话以及餐具敲击的声音,几乎所有西餐的规则英国人都会遵守。美国人在就餐问题上就随意多了,美国人饮食不讲究精细,只关心方便便捷,一日三餐都很随便,垃圾食品是美国人的最爱。 四、教育差异 英国人的保守与严谨,体现在教育上就是完善的教育体系。英国有一套严格的质量监控体制,各大院校的教学质量评估与科研评估结果向全世界公布,英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高的水平,也是与这个体制分不开的。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上,有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容,被淘汰拿不到学位的也大有人在,英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马,他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力的保证了教育质量。

浅谈中西方传统节日文化的差异 (1)

广西教育学院 专科毕业论文(设计) 论文题目浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异系别:外语系 专业:应用英语 年级班级:11F应用英语班 学号:110338F01018 学生姓名:杨慧 指导教师:冯卡梨职称:讲师

广西教育学院 专科毕业论文(设计)任务书 课题名称:浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 系别外语系 专业应用英语 班级应用英语班 学号110338F01018 姓名杨慧 指导教师(签名)__________ 年月日 教研室主任(签名)_________ 年月日 年月日

论文任务书

目录 浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 (4) 中文摘要 (4) 关键词 (4) Abstract (5) Key words (5) 一、中西方传统节日的起源与形成的差异 (6) 二、中西方传统节日习俗的差异 (7) 2、1中国主要传统节日的习俗 (8) 2、2西方主要传统节日的习俗 (9) 三、中西方传统节日的相互交融 (10) 四、结语 (11) 参考文献 (12) 致谢 (13)

浅谈中西方传统节日文化差异 摘要 传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物,无论是在有着五千多年悠长历史的中国还是在新生的美国,传统节日的起源都显示出相通之处,大多数传统节日都源自于人们在农业生产生活中对丰收的期盼、对天地神灵和自然的崇拜、以及对历史人物的祭奠等等。传统节日在长期的演变和发展中,已经成为民族文化不可或缺的一部分,透过传统节日可以反映一个民族的文化特色和民族精神。同时中国和西方国家的文化存在着各个方面的差异,传统节日文化是其中重要的一项,而中西节日文化也有着各自不同的特点。节日文化博大精深,各国的节日风俗是约定俗成的,有着各自鲜明的民族特色和丰富多彩的表现形式。本文从两国传统节日中有着相似文化内涵的节日出发,探讨这些传统节日在起源、节日习俗等方面的差异,并分析产生这些差异的原因,从而折射出两国传统节日文化的差异。另外本文也探讨了中西方传统节日的相互融合。 关键词:根源传统节日中西文化差异相互融合

春节与圣诞节所反映的中西文化差异

春节与圣诞节所反映的中西文化差异 节日,一种文化现象,全方位的表现出孕育出节日的民族历史文化意识。中国的春节和西方的圣诞节分别是东西方最重要的节日,对这两个节日的由来、庆祝方式、社会功能、文化内涵、等方面进行比较,我们可以看出影响文化差异的诸多因素。 一、春节和圣诞节的来历 1.春节的来历 在中国,每年的农历新年,即正月初一是春节,民间俗称过年。据史籍记载,春节在唐虞时叫载,夏代叫岁,商代叫祀,周代才叫年。年的本义指谷物生长周期,谷子一年一热,所以春节一年一次,含有庆丰的寓意。又传,春节起源于原始社会末期的腊祭,当时每逢腊尽春来,先民便杀猪宰羊,祭祀神鬼与祖灵,祈求新的一年风调雨顺,免去灾祸。 2.圣诞节的来历 12月25日是西方国家的圣诞节,是庆祝耶稣诞生的节日。根据《圣经》的记载,耶稣于公元一世纪初在耶路撒冷城外的伯利恒出生。耶稣是为了救世俗的人,赎世俗的人罪而降为人的,所以俗称救世主。世界各地范围内的基督教徒将12月25日公认为耶稣的生日。直到公元440年罗马教皇正式宣布12月25日这一天为圣诞节。 二、春节与圣诞节的文化比较 1.节日习俗 中国人们把春节作为中国人数千年的核心节日。节前,采购年货物品。除夕夜在大门上或屋里粘贴财神、门神像、倒贴福字以及红纸金字的新年寄语的春联和寓意吉祥的年画。大红灯笼门前挂,放鞭炮、祭灶、祭祖等仪式,吃年夜饭,熬年守岁等活动都是要为节日增添足够的喜庆气氛。节中有给儿童压岁钱、走亲戚看朋友、相互拜年、道贺祝福等习俗。节后半月是元宵节,届时花灯满城,游人满街,盛况空前。 12月25日的圣诞节是一个令人欢乐的宗教性节日。每个家庭要在圣诞前夕特别布置圣诞树。圣诞树上挂满了彩色灯泡,枝头上缀满了银色和金色的闪光纸片,全家人围坐在圣诞树前,互赠礼物、互祝节日快乐。并且小孩要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方,扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。圣诞夜全家人围坐在一起吃火鸡、乳猪等圣诞大餐,大家一边吃一边聊天,唱歌跳舞或玩集体游戏。 2.表现形式不同 中国的年节无论衣食住行、言语行为,一切无不充溢着年的内容、年的意味和年的精神。且不说鞭炮、春联、福字、年画、、年糕、糖

英美文化论文

论文题目: Choose a topic from the followings and write an essay about it. (Total score: 100) https://www.doczj.com/doc/b513899466.html,pare “American and British Modern Education”: Analyze the similarities and differences from their history, system and emphasis. 2.Elaborate “America n’s role in the two World Wars”: when, how, why did US enter the war, and its role. 3.Elaborate “American Dream” in the perspective of USA?s early settlement, civil war, civil right movements or modern values. 论文模板: American’s role in the two World Wars(标题,3号字体,全 文字体均用Times New Roman) --a comparision….(副标题,可有可无,小三号) Abstract: This essay aims at redressing some of the imbalanced coverage given to this area of history thus far. A chronological study, it examines the role, importance and, to some exte nt, impact of a wide range of women?s organisations in the local context. Some were local branches of national organisations, others were specifically concerned with local issues. The local focus allows a challenge to be made to much current thought as to the strength of a“women?s movement” in the years between the suffrage movement and the emergence of a more radical form of feminism in the 1970s. The strength of feminist issues and campaigning is studied in three periods – the inter-war period, the Second World War and its immediate aftermath, and the 1950s and 1960s. (4号字,不超过300字,两端对齐) Keywords: WW; American; (不超过4个关键词,4号字)

英美文化作业:英美文化差异(英文版)

英美文化作业:英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号:(9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion

开题报告:从英美文化对比中浅析体态语

毕业设计(论文)任务书 学部专业级(届)班学生

江西理工大学学院级(届) 学生毕业设计(论文)开题报告设计(论文)题目 专业学生姓名指导教师

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