课题名称初中英语语法讲义-专题讲练：第1讲：名词
教学
目标
知识点：1. 巩固名词的分类和用法（可数名词、不可数名词）
2. 名词变复数
考点: 可数、不可数名词及名词所有格的相关考查题型
能力：1. 能分清哪些是可数名词或不可数名词（重点）
2. 能正确使用不可数名词（难点）
3. 能熟练使用名词所有格（难点）
方法：练习＋归纳
Step 1 Free Talk
●Self-introduction
●Dream
Step 2 Warming-up
?Happy time：
?Guess:answer: age年龄
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音单元音前元音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?]
What always goes up, and never goes down?
/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ help/help/ /?/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/
语音基础小练习：
下面对字母的分类是不正确的，请根据字母的发音重新归类。
[ ei ] Hh, Jj, Kk, Xx ； [ i: ] Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Gg, Tt, Vv, Ww; [ ai ] Aa, Ii, Yy; [ e ] Ff, Ll, Rr, Ss, Zz; [ju:] Pp, Qq, Uu, Mm, Nn, Oo;
[ ei ] _______, ________, _______, ________;
[ i: ] _______, ________, _______, ________,_______, ________, _______, ________; [ ai ] _______, ________;
[ e ] _______, ________, _______, ________,_______, ________, _______; [ju:] _______, ________, _______;
Practicing:
three thousand three hundred and thirty-three
answers:
[ ei ] __Aa___, ___Hh___, ___Jj___, ___Kk___; [ i: ] __Bb__, ___Cc___, ___Dd__, __Ee__,___Gg__, ___Pp___, __Tt__, __Vv__; [ ai ] __Ii__, __Yy__;
[ e ] __Ff__, __Ll__, __Mm__, _ Nn___,___Ss___, ___Xx___, ___Zz__;
[ju:] __Qq __, __ Uu__, __Ww__;
Step 4 Language Learning
专题一：名词
专有名词：首字母始终大写（人名、地名、国家、城市等）
名词可数名词：有复数形式（变化规则）
普通名词
不可数名词：无复数形式，在句中被看作单数；
借助量词表达量
有生命的：’s s’ （特殊：ten minutes’ walk, one hour’s drive）名词所有格
无生命的: …of…（注意顺序）
可数名词
可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，通常有单数和复数的形式。
可数名词变化规则：
※规则名词的复数形式：
【巧学妙记】：（1）黑人英雄吃土豆吐西红柿皮
（2）妻子持刀去宰狼
小偷吓得发了慌
躲在架后保己命
半片树叶遮目光
※英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
【巧学妙记】：中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后边
注意：(1) 姓氏的复数形式前面加the表示“……一家或……夫妇”如：the Whites
(2) 可数名词的单数,可以用‘a’ 或‘an’来修饰
a cake/a book/a pen/a student
an egg/an orange/an elephant/ an old man
a uniform/a European stamp/a university student
an hour/an honest boy
【课堂练习】
一．把下列单数名词变成复数
1. giraffe__________
2. apartment__________
3. fish__________
4. box__________
5. lady__________
6. leaf__________
7. life__________
8. match__________
9. snowman__________ 10. child__________ 11. peach__________ 12. dish__________ 13. bus__________ 14. photo__________ 15. tomato__________16. potato__________ 17. story__________ 18. factory__________ 19. sheep__________ 20. deer__________ 21.hero____________ 22.radio __________ 23.Japanese _________ 24.Chinese______ 25.German__________ 26.American __________
answers:
1. giraffes
2. apartments
3. fish/fishes
4. boxes
5. ladies
6. leaves
7. lives/life
8. matches
9. snowmen 10. children 11. peaches 12. dishes
13. buses 14. photos 15. tomatoes 16. potatoes
17. stories 18. factories 19. sheep 20. deer
21. heroes 22. radios 23. Japanese 24. Chinese 25. Germans 26. Americans
二、在横线上填上适当的词。
1. There are many _____________(sheep) and ___________(deer) on the grass.
2. Canada, America. Italy and Israel are all foreign _______________(country).
3. In the street there are many big ______________(mouse).
4. Mr. Zhang and Liu are both_____________(postman).
5. Mark and David are _________________(German).
6. We are _______________(Chinese). They are ________________(American).
7. Hello, Mr. Wang. How many _______________(child) do you have?
I have one _______________(child).
8. China has many large ___________________________(city).
Shanghai is one of the biggest ____________(city) in China.
answers:
1. sheep; deer
2. countries
3. mice
4. postmen
5. Germans
6. Chinese; Americans
7. children; child
8. cities; cities
三、请在以下四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( ) 1. The _________ of the trees turn yellow in autumn.
A. leaf
B. leaves
C. leafs
D. a leaf
( ) 2. There are a lot of______ in the shopping center.
A. people
B. drink
C. woman
D. rices
( ) 3. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of ______.
A. tomatoes
B. potatos
C. vegetable
D. meats
( ) 4. They said that they weren’t ______ but ______.
A. German, English
B. Chinese, Japanese
C. Americans, Australian
D. Frenchmans, Canadians
( ) 5. Are there any ______ in your factory?
A. woman driver
B. woman drivers
C. women drivers
D. women’s drivers
( ) 6. Mr Wang felt sorry that so few______ passed the exam.
A. students
B. student
C. students’
D. child
( ) 7. Almost ______ are born in the world in one minute.
A. two hundreds babies
B. two hundreds of baby
C. hundreds of babies
D. two hundred babies
( ) 8. There’s little _______ in my bag. Can you lend me some?
A. cake
B. money
C. pen
D. thing
( ) 9. Mr Li is one of ______ in the hospital.
A. most popular doctors
B. the most popular doctors
C. most popular doctor
D. the most popular doctor
( ) 10. Are they _______or _______?
A. doctor, policeman
B. doctors, policemen
C. doctors, policemans
( ) 11. There _______ some fish in the river.
A. is
B. are
C. am
( ) 12. Jack has some _______.
A. stories-book
B. story-books
C. stories-books
answers:
1~5 BAABC 6~10 ADBBB 11~12 BB
不可数名词
1）不可数名词的概念：
一般来说，不可数名词主要以物质名词和抽象名词为主。它们没有复数形式（即不能在词尾加s），也不能与a, an连用。在表示不可数名词的数量时，必须与相应的量词连用。
1) 不可数名词的种类
1. 液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink
2. 自然现象：snow, rain, ice
3. 食品类：rice, meat, bread, beef, pork, chicken, food
4. 其他：newspaper, paper, news, homework, housework
）不可数名词量的表达：
①“a+表示这些东西的单位+不可数名词”，如a cup of tea, a bag of rice.
如果为了表示“多个”的概念，可以将表示这些东西的单位变成复数。
如：three cups of tea; ten bags of rice.
②直接修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等如：
A box of milk some water much food a little time
3）some和any的用法区别
some和any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。Some用在肯定句中；而any则用在否定句和疑问句中。如：I have some beautiful stamps.
I don’t have any beautiful stamps.
Do you have any beautiful stamps?
注意：some也可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中：--Can I have some bananas? --Sure.
【课堂练习】
一、给下列词语分类
可数名词不可数名词
answers:
可数名词：BDFGH 不可数名词：ACEIJKLM
二．看图，写出下列各词的量词
________ tea ________ water ________ milk
A.money
B.tiger
C.chicken
D.strawberry
E.beef
F.cake
G.bike H.tomato I.paper J.rice K.rain L.bread
M.coffee
________ rice ________ shoes ________ newspaper answers: a cup of, two glasses of, a box of, a bowl of, a pair of, a copy of
二．用some或any填空
1. –Do you have _______ new Chinese books, Mr Brown?
--Yes, I have _______.
2. –Hello, Mom. Can I have _______ coke?
--Of course.
3. I don’t have _______ sister and brother.
4. In the park, you can see _______ red flowers and _______ trees.
5. Look, _______ girls are dancing and _______ boys are flying kites.
6. Sorry, I can’t see _______ grey rabbits on the farm.
7. –Would you like _______ chicken for dinner? --Yes, thank you.
8. –Dad, I’d like _______ noodles and soup. –Ok.
answers: 1. any, some 2. some 3. any 4. some, some 5. some, some 6. any 7. some 8. some
三、单项选择
1. There is a glass of _______ for you.
A. juices
B. juice
C. a juice
2. Look, there are some _______ in the park.
A. children
B. child
C. water
3. Can you see _______ in the classroom?
A. any newspaper
B. a newspaper c. any newspapers
4. Here’s ______ for you.
A. a good news
B. a piece of good news
C. a good piece of news
D. many news
5. Would you like _______?
A. a tea
B. a cup tea
C. a cup of tea
6. This is _______.
A. milk
B. a milk
C. milks
7. Are there _______ in the box?
A. any ice-cream
B. any apples
C. any rice
8. I am _______.
A. pupil
B. Mary
C. student
9. She is reading _______.
A. newspaper
B. a newspaper
C. newspapers
10. I like _______.
A. coffee
B. coffees
C. coffes
11. I want to buy ____________.
A. two box of eggs
B. two bottles of orange juices
C. a box of pears
D. two bottle of milk
answers: 1~5 BAABC 6~10 ABBAA 11 C
名词所有格
1）名词所有格的概念
表示人或物品所属关系时，我们需要使用名词所有格，表示“……的”。如“妈妈的房子”表示为“mother’s house”
2) 名词所有格的构成
1. 一般情况下，在名词词尾加-‘s。如：Mike’s bike, Tom’s book
2. 以s结尾的名词，在词尾加-’。如：my parents’ car, our teachers’ books
3. 表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名词上加所有格。如：
Jenny and Joan’s bedroom Jenny和Joan共同拥有的卧室
如果是分别拥有的东西，就要在每一个名字上加所有格。如：
Tim’s and Jack’s toy cars Tim的玩具车和Jack的玩具车。
4. 表示国家、城市等地方的名词和表示时间、距离、度量和金钱的名词，无生命的，也
可加-’s。如：one week’s holiday, today’s homewor k
5. 没有生命的东西的所有格，我们用“of+名词”的方式来表示。如：教室的窗window of
the classroom, 中国的首都the capital of China
6. 有生命的名词也可用of。如：我的一位朋友a friend of mine
注意：某些名词所有格直接表示具体的意义。如：
I am going to Miss White’s tomorrow我打算明天去Miss White家；
Let’s go to the doctor’s我们去医院吧。
【课堂练习】
一、用所给词的适当形式(名词所有格)填空
1. This is _______________(Kate) book. That is ________________(Sue) pencil-case.
2. My ___________________(parents) clothes are hanging in the wardrobe.
3. He is a friend of my _____________________(father).
4. They are _____________________(Ken and Billy) new houses.
5. ________________ (Students)chairs are all new.
6. These are ___________________(girl) dresses.
7. Whose are these lunchboxes? They are ________________(Lucy).
8. They are ________________(Mary) bags.
9. This is a new coat. It is my ____________________(mother)
10. These shoes are our _________________( friend).
11. My __________________( mother) and _______________ (sister) dresses are cheap.
12. ___________________( workers) houses are in that place.
13. ___________________(Carl) shop is very big. ______________(Sam) is small.
14. This is Mimi. Mimi lives in that cage. This is ________________(Mimi) cage.
15. That is the _______________(rabbit) carrot.
answers: 1. Kate’s, Sue’s 2. parents’ 3. father’s 4. Ken’s and Billy’s 5. Students’
6. girl
7. Lucy’s
8. Mary’s
9. mother’s 10. friend’s / friends’
11. mother’s, sister’s 12.Workers’ 13. Carl’s, Sam’s 14. Mimi’s 15. rabbit’s
【真题演练】
( ) 1. There________ ________ on the plate．
A．is，breads B．are，breads．
C．is，some bread D．are，some bread
( ) 2. ---___________there __________ on the plate?
---Yes，____________only a little.
A．Is, a meat, and B．Are，meats，but
C．Are，any meats，and D．Is, any meat, but
( ) 3. Mozart was one of the greatest ________in the world.
A．musician B．musicians C．writers
( ) 4. ---Whose ruler is it? ---Maybe it’s .
A. Peter
B. Peters
C. Mary’s
D. Peters’
5、根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
The_______(story) are very interesting.
( ) 6. David Beckham is a famous __________ from the U.K.
A. footballer
B. politician
C. musician
D. inventor
( ) 7. There _______ some grape juice and two pieces of bread on that table.
A has
B is
C have
D are
answers: 1~4 CDBC 5. stories 6~7 AB
Homework:
☆温习本堂课所学知识；
☆词汇短语听写，下节课检查；
☆巩固练习：
一、写出所给单词的同类词，各写三个：
1.postman
2.rabbit
3.hospital
4.America
5.T-shirt
6.eyes
7.father
Possible answers: 1. driver, fireman, policeman 2. duck, sheep, goose
3. cinema, bank, restaurant
4. China, Germany, Japan
5. shirt, blouse, dress
6. ears, nose, mouth
7. mother, sister, brother
二、写出下列单词的复数形式：
1. strawberry
2. sheep
3.dress
4. peach
5.policeman
6. piano
7.schoolboy 8. class
9. bookshelf 10. butterfly
11. woman 12. German
13. mouth 14. tooth
15. dish 16. knife
17. potato 18. box
answers: 1. strawberries 2. sheep 3. dresses 4. peaches 5. policemen
6. pianos
7. schoolboys
8. classes
9. bookshelves 10. butterflies
11. women 12. Germans 13. mouths 14. teeth 15. dishes
16. knives 17. potatoes 18. boxes
三、在空格内填入正确的词。
1. a of tea
2. three of water
3. a of bread
4. four of paper
5. a of noodles
6. a of sunglasses
7. a of juice 8. two of jeans
9. a of apples 10. a of rice
answers: 1. cup 2. glasses 3. piece 4. sheets / pieces 5. bowl
6. pair
7. bottle
8. pairs
9. box / bag 10. bag / bowl
四、单项选择。
（)1. I’d like__________.
A. two glasses of orange juice
B. two glass of orange juice
C. two glass of orange juices
D. two glasses of orange juices
（)2. This _________is Jim’s mother.
A. woman teacher
B. women teachers
C. woman teachers
D. women teacher
（)3. The room is __________.
A. Tom and Jim
B. Tom’s and Jim
C. Tom’s and Jim’s
D. Tom and Jim’s
（)4. I want to buy two _______.
A. pencils-box
B. pencil-boxes
C. pencil-box
D. pencils-boxes
（)5. Saturday comes after__________.
A. Sunday
B. Monday
C. Friday
D. Tuesday
（)6. It’s only _________walk from school to the park.
A. five minutes
B. five hours
C. five minutes’
D. five minute’s
（)7. The radio is behind __________.
A. the classroom’s door
B. the door of the classroo m
C. the door’s classroom
D. the door in the classroom
（)8. Kate’s father is ________English.
A. a teacher
B. teacher
C. a teacher of
D. an teacher
（)9. Today is September 10th, it’s __________Day.
A. Teacher’s
B. Teachers’
C. teachers’
D. teacher’s
（)10. ______are going to see a film.
A. Green’s
B. The Green’s
C. The Greens
D.The Greens'
（)11. I like _____and _____.
A. hamburgers, Coke
B. hamburger, Cokes
C. hamburger, Coke
D. hamburgers, Cokes
（)12. ---What are these? ---They are________.
A. deers
B. a deer
C. deer
D. the deers
answers: 1~5 AADBC 6~10 CBCBC 11~12 AC
五、根据中文完成句子。
1. When is ____________________________(他妈妈的生日)？
2. Is this ___________________________（你哥哥的照片）
3. This bag is _______________________（那位老奶奶的）
4. _________________________(Jim和Tom的帽子) are new.
5. __________________________(Lucy和Lily的房间)is very clean.
6. The white bike is _________________(Tom的爸爸的).
7. He likes ____________________(这鞋子的颜色).
answers: 1. his mother’s birthday 2. your brother’s photo 3. that old grandma’s
4. Jim’s and Tom’s hats/caps
5. Lucy and Lily’s room
6. Tom’s father’s
7. the colour of the shoes
六、选词填空。
Australia Canada Japan the U.S. China the U.K.
1.London is the capital of .
2.Beijing is the capital of .
3.Ottawa is the capital of .
4.Canberra is the capital of .
5.Washington D.C. is the capital of .
6.Tokyo is the capital of .
answers: 1. the U.K. 2. China 3. Canada 4. Australia 5. the U.S. 6. Japan
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
初中英语语法之一名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（mCountable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：||专有名词 || | 名| | 个体名词 | | || || 可数名词| || | 集体名词 || ||普通名词 || | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | || || 不可数名词| || | 抽象名词 || 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 _________________________________________________ _ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/;bag-bags car-cars __________________________________________________ _ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches ______________________________________________ __ __ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses __________________________________________________ _ 以辅音字母+y变y 为i 结尾的词再加es读 /z/baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。 背记小口诀： 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树 叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式
初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。
一、选择题 1．—The milk shake tastes good .How do you make it? —It's easy, just follow the_________. A．discussions B．instructions C．resolutions D．directions 2．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 3．There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A．sports; shoe B．sports; shoes C．sport; shoe D．sport; shoes 4．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．5．Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A．boy students; woman teachers B．boy students; women teachers C．boys students; women teachers D．boys students; woman teachers 6．—Look.There’re lots of______her e. —Great.We can make______soup. A．egg；egg B．eggs；egg C．egg；eggs D．eggs；eggs 7．—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive 8．The computer is _______________. A．Amy's and Lily's B．Amy and Lily C．Amy's and Lily D．Amy and Lily's 9．Thanks for the two _______________you gave（给）to me. A．tape player B．tapes players C．tape players D．taper players 10．It's about ten __________ walk from here. A．minutes' B．minute's C．minutes D．minute of 11．—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner? —I have some____________, And I like them very much. A．/; chicken B．for; chicken C．/; vegetables D．for; vegetables 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．I to be popular in school, but now I get attention everywhere I go. A．wasn’t used; many B．didn’t use; tons of C．used not; many 14．—How far is it from here to the hospital? —It’s about ride. A．fifteen minute’s B．fifteen minutes
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习 【考点讲解】 一、名词的分类 二、可数名词与不可数名词 (一) 可数名词 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 单数变复数的规则
【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为 “英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano 等 ② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下： 小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半，一半放在书架上，一半放在树叶上 2. 不规则复数形式 (1) 元音或词尾发生变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse- policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________ Englishman- (2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police (4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics (5) 只能用复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……
【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –， woman doctor –_____________； ○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中心词变成复数形式。如： shoe factory- , banana tree- 3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边” (二)不可数名词 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式
一、选择题 1．She ______ her______every evening at home. A．does；homework B．does；homeworks C．do；homework D．do；homeworks 2．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 3．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 4．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 5．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 6．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jerry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 7．Here_______some of the results. Most students think_______are cheaper than cars. A．is; the bike B．are; bikes C．are; the bike D．is; bikes 8．Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are! A．is having B．are having C．have D．has 9．—It’s convenie nt(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive 10．— How much are the __________? — Eight yuan a kilo. A．broccoli B．potatoes C．beef D．bread 11．It's about ten __________ walk from here. A．minutes' B．minute's C．minutes D．minute of 12．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 13．________ your reading speed, or you can’t finish th e English reading materials in ________ limited time. A．Increase; 100 minutes’B．To increase; a 100-minute C．Increasing; 100-minutes’14．When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday. A．seven-day B．seven-days C．seven days
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
初中英语语法讲解 名词 名词可分为专有名词（包括人名，地名和由普通名词构成的专有名词）和普通名词（包括个体名词，集合名词，物质名词和抽象名词），也可分为可数名词与不可数名词。 可数名词变复数的规律： 1.直接+s。 2.以辅音+y结尾的，把y改i + es。 3.以元音+y结尾的，直接+s。 4.以s,x,ch,sh结尾，末尾+es 5.以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变v加es 6.以o结尾的，加s或es 7.以th结尾的，末尾+s 不规则变化，如：mouse→mice 老鼠goose→geese 鹅tooth→teeth 牙齿 man→men 男人等等 单复数同形，如：fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese 等 国人变复数比较特别中国人，日本人单复数同形，英国人，法国人末尾的man变men，其他的都在末尾+s。（特别强调德国人German，他变复数是+s，不要忘了） 合成名词变复数： 1.在中心名词上+s 如：passerby→passersby 过路人grown-up→grown-ups 2.两个同时变复数如：man doctor→men doctors 注意fish，chicken两词，它们各有两种意思 Fish 1.鱼可数单复数同形 2.鱼肉不可数 Chicken 1.小鸡可数 2.鸡肉不可数 一些不可数名词短语： a piece of break 一块面包 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of advice 一条建议 a pair 一双 名词所有格：分为两种，一种是有生命物体的，是在单数名词尾+’s，复数名词非s结尾，就+’s，末尾是s，就在s后面加’；另一种是无生命物体的，有两种情况，一是共有的，就在最后一个人名字后+’s，另一个是各有的，就分别+’s 如：Mary and Mike’s mother. 表示Mary和Mike 共有的母亲，也就是说它们是兄弟。 Mary’s and Mike’s mother. 表示Mary和Mike各自的母亲。 特例：1.有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命物体时，也可加’s表示所有格。 2.有时’s结构也可换成of结构以示强调。 初中英语语法讲解—名词（第1页，共3页）
学习必备欢迎下载 初中英语语法专项练习题之名词 一. ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are ____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used B. C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?-Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 二. ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C .an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 三 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ( ) 4 I would like to have___. A. two glasses of milk D. two glass of milks B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me ____? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7 John bought ___for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 4 ( ) 1 -How many ___have you got on your farm? -I've got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ( ) 2 Some __came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 3 In the picture there are many__and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps ; foxes B. sheeps ; fox D. sheep; foxs ( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American 五 ( ) 1 This table is made of___. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken ( )3 Children should make ____for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room 六 ( ) 1 Tables are made of___. A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods ( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples ( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer. A. works B. work C. this works D. the works 七 ( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___? A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C .the People Park D. People's Park
一、选择题 1．—What do animals eat? —Some eat_______ and some eat_______. A．meat ,leafs B．meats, leafs C．meat ,leaves D．meats ,leaves 2．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 3．This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______． A．She's； friend B．They're； friends C．They're； friend 4．—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have —________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday. A．a seven-day; off B．a seven-days; away C．seven-day; over D．a seven-days’; off 5．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my father and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 6．—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday —You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great! A．three-day; three days B．three- day; three days’ C．three days’; three-day D．three days; three days 7．—Look.There’re lots of______here. —Great.We can make______soup. A．egg；egg B．eggs；egg C．egg；eggs D．eggs；eggs 8．I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color. A．Lucy's and Lily's B．Lucy and Lily's C．Lucy and Lily D．Lucy's and Lily 9．—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner? —I have some____________, And I like them very much. A．/; chicken B．for; chicken C．/; vegetables D．for; vegetables 10．—Let's ____________ some salad. —Sorry, I don't like ____________ . A．have; them B．to have; it C．have; it D．to have; them 11．Here__________.You can see me in it. A．are two photos of my family B．is my family C．is a photo of my family D．are my family photos 12．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of
初中英语语法专项习题－－名词 ( ) 1 She was very happy. She—— in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please？ A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___？ -Yes, please.
A. banana B. oranges D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea？ -No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples
名词的用法 机场工作人员问：Who are you flying with?(你坐哪家航空公司?)我答：Myself。对方大囧，一笑之后补充：Which airline? An airport staffer asked me "Who are you flying with?" and I said "Myself." He was surprised and then laughed, adding "Which airline?" 原来Who在英语里也可以泛指航空公司等群体或组织。"Who" in English can also refer to a group or an organization such as airlines. C-名词单复数 普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。 （一）可数名词及其复数形式 （1）可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成，其规则见下表： 类别构成法读音例词 一般情况加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books
这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机 器), poetry(诗),scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗? 第五类补充几个常考的集合名词 除上面提到的四类集合名词外，以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)：1. hair(头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。 小练习; 1.They are________ A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors 2.There are five____ in the hill. A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers 3. Those white socks ____ small. A: are B: is C: am D: do 4.We have many_____in our school. A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher 5.Do you like _____? A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable BAABB C-专有名词 专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。 （一）人名 英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。