初中英语国际标准音标练习
元音(20个) 单元音
12个
前元音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?]
后元音(5个) [ɑ:][?:] [?] [u:] [u]
中元音(3个) [?] [?:] [?]
双元音
8个
合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i]
集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??]
辅音(28个) 清辅音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ][?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h] 浊辅音(17个)
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [d?][dr] [dz] [l]
[m] [n] [?][j] [w] [r]
/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/
/i/it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/
/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/
/?/fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/
/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/
/?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/
/? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ honest/′?nist/
/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/
/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/
/? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/′m?ni/ ugly/′?gli/ come/k?m/
/?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/
/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/
/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/ei d?/
/?u/no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/
/ai/eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/
/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ?′b au t/ south/s auθ/ house/h aus/ /?i/ boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/
/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′di?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/
/ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/
/u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/(停泊) your/ju?/
/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/
/b/bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/
/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/
/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/
/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/
/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/
/f/face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/
/v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/
/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θ?:t/ author/′?θ?/ truth/tru:θ/
/e/the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/
/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st?ps/ /z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?i z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/
/t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheep/t?i:p/ rich/ri t?/ watch/w t?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwes t??n/ teach/ti:t?/ challenge/t?lin d?/
/d?/orange/′?ri d?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d??b/
/tr/tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/
/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h?ndrid/
/?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/
/?/pleasure/′ple??/ measure/′me??/ television/′telivi??n/
/ts/let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/
/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/
/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/
/l/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/
/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/
/n/nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/
/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/
/j/you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/
/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′pr?bl?m/
音标综合练习
1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/
/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ri?l/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /p?k/ /g?p/ /k?g/ /n?g/ /r?m/ /b?tl/ /sed/ /′h?pi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red
/′setl/ /tr??/ /di′pend/
settle trash depend
2./a:/ /?:/ /? / /u:/ /u/
/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /?d/ /l?:n/ /n?:t/ /p?:z/ /f?ks/ /s?k/
ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock
/fa:/ /la:d? / /ma:k/ /l?:d/ /t?:/ /st?:m/ /p?t/ /kr?p/ /θ?t/ /pr?mis/
far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise
/huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/
hook loose soot took mood through pull wood
3./?/ /?/ /?/
/b?z/ /d?l/ /′h?ri/ /g?lf/ /′tr?bl/ /?:n/ /s?:f/ /′t?:n?/ /′beg?/ /t?k/
buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck
/k?:b/ /?:k/ /?′merik / /′s?k?/ /′k?mp?/ /s?′vei/ /p?′veid/ /p?′h?ps/
curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps
/b?:′lesk/ /′m?:d?/
burlesque murder
3./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/
/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /pr?p?u z/ /′m?u??n/ /st?u n/ /′?u v?/ /sait/
kape great main propose motion stone over sight
/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /m?i st/ /′?i st?/
rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster
4./i?/ /??/ /u?/
/v i?/ /?′f??/ /d??/ /sk??/ /b u?n/ /g u?d/ /′r u?r?l/ /?′p i?/ /k?l?mb i?/
veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia /m?t i?r i?l/ /mist i?r i?s/
material mysterious
5./θ/ /e/
/m?nθ/ /θi:f/ /e?t/ /e?n/ /feiθ/ /t?′gee?/ /θ??k/ /e?m′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves
元音音素：
/i:/ 【衣发长点】
/I/ 【衣急促地发声】
/e/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来，嘴唇放松自然地读】
/?/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来，嘴唇扁平地发】
/?:/ 【额发长音】
/?/ 【额发短音】
/∧/ 【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】
/a:/ 【啊嘴巴长到最大】
/?/ 【哦急促】
/?:/ 【哦声音拖长】
/u/ 【乌急促】
/u:/ 【乌声音拖长】
/eI/ 【有点像答应人的“诶”的声音】
/aI/ 【唉】
/?I/ 【哦－喂连着读】
/?u/ 【呕】
/au/ 【傲】
/I?/ 【衣－饿连着读】
/ε?/ 【哎－饿连着读】
/u?/ 【乌－饿连着读】
辅音音素：
/p/ 【普不要把ǔ给发出来，轻音】
/b/ 【不不要把ù给发出来，浊音】
/t/ 【特不要把è给发出来，轻音】
/d/ 【得不要把é给发出来，浊音】
/k/ 【克不要把è给发出来，轻音】
/g/ 【各不要把è给发出来，浊音】
/f/ 【福不要把ú给发出来，轻音】
/v/ 【有点像摩托车启动的声音，“呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“vúvúvú”一样，不要把ú给发出来，浊音】
/s/ 【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把ī给读出来，轻音】
/z/ 【就是/s/的浊音】
/θ/ 【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】
/δ/ 【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】
/∫/ 【西不要把ī给发出来，轻音】
/з/ 【衣不要把ī给发出来，浊音】
/h/ 【喝不要把ē给发出来，轻音】
/r/ 【若不要把uò给发出来，浊音】
/t∫/ 【七不要把ī给发出来，轻音】
/dз/ 【姬不要把ī给发出来，浊音】
/tr/ 【缺不要把uē给发出来，轻音】
/dr/ 【撅不要把uē给发出来，浊音】
/ts/ 【次不要把ì给发出来，轻音】
/dz/ 【自不要把ì给发出来，浊音】
/m/ 【嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音】
/n/ 【嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】
/?/ 【嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】
/l/ 【有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发呕，浊音；而是放在音标中发了，浊音】
/w/ 【我不要把ǒ给发出来，浊音】
/j/ 【呀不要把ǎ给发出来，浊音】
所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音
所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。
1．关于语音的几个概念
1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2)音标：词的语音形式。
3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi
8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth
3)[e] bed, desk, head,
4)[?] bad, land, bank, stamp
5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6)[?] hot, want
7)[ ?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9)[u] look, put, women, could
10)[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough
11)[?:] girl, work, serve, nurse
12)[?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15)[?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16)[au] house, town
17)[?i] boy, oil
18)[i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19)[ε?] pear, care, there, fair
20)[u?] tour, poor,
3. 容易混淆的元音
1)[e] [?] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4)[au] [?:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause
5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don
4. 辅音
1)[p] pen,
2)[b] bed, comb
3)[t] tell,
4)[d], day, played, wanted
5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6)[g] big, go, guess, language
7)[m] man
8)[n] nine, knife, autumn
9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10)[l] land, world
11)[r] read, write,
12)[f] five, cough, laugh
13)[v] voice, of
14)[θ] think,
15)[ e] this, bathe
16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17)[z] zoo, close,
18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation
19)[/] pleasure,
20)[h] hot, who, hour
21)[w] wall, what, answer
22)[j] yes
23)[t∫] child, teach, catch
24)[d/] joke, bridge,
25)[ts] boats
26)[dz] goods
27)[tr] tree
28)[dr] dream
5. 容易混淆的辅音
1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3)[z] [e] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6. 读音规则
1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2)非重读音节[?] banana, student, today, after,
[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
7. 特殊读音
1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?
8. 重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b)有a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。
a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,
im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。
'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。
'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。
'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation,
re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)词尾有-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现
He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰
I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词
Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感叹词中的what 和how
What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中
Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。
He couldn't come himself.
英语发音连读的规则
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：~)
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
They’re my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
Here~are four~eggs.
But where~is my cup?
Where~are your brother~and sister?
但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea？
Could~you help me, please?
“音的同化”
—常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，did you听上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成了/kudVu/。
(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Is~it a~hat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）
There~is~a good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）
Can you speak~English or French? （English与or之间不可以连读）
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet与at，eight与or之间不可以连读）
She opened the door and walked~in. （door与and之间不可以连读）
失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cine ma.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.
Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao