第三部分 阅读理解
专题九 事实细节 探考情 悟真题 【考情探究】
考卷
年份
课标全国Ⅰ
课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ
2019
第21题,第22题,第23题,第24题,第28题,第29题,第30题,第34题
第22题, 第28题, 第29题, 第
30题, 第33题
第21题, 第22题, 第23题,
第24题, 第28题, 第30题,
第32题, 第33题
2018
第21题,第22题, 第23 题,第24 题, 第30题,第33题,第34 题
第21题,第22题, 第23题,第24题, 第29题,第30题,第31题,第32题, 第33题 第21题, 第22题, 第23题, 第25题, 第29题, 第31题, 第33题
2017
第21 题,第22 题,第25 题,第26题, 第28题,第32题,第34题,第35题
第21题,第22题,第23题,第25
题, 第32题
第21题, 第22题, 第23题,
第25题, 第32题, 第33题,
第34题
2016
第21题,第 22 题,第23 题,第25题,第27题,第30题,第31题,第34题
第21题,第22题, 第23题,第24
题, 第25题,第31题,第35题
第21题, 第22题, 第23题,
第24题, 第25题, 第28题,
第29题, 第32题, 第34题
2015
第21题,第22题,第23题,第25题,第26题,第27题,第29题,第30题, 第32题
第23题,第25题, 第26题,第27题, 第32题,第33题,第34题,第35 题
—— 考点 内容
高考要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念,且能理解某句、某段的意义。
分析解读
1.事实细节题题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问,一般包括直接理解题、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。通常事实细节题的正确选项的命题方法是: ①对原文句子中的关键词进行替换．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。 把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。 ②词性或者语态的变化．．．．．．．．．。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给学生制造障碍。 ③语言简化．．．．。 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确选项。 ④正话反说．．．．。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
2.一篇文章确定主题后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明,因此有很多阅读理解题是根据短文的细节设计的。 事实细节题考查学生对文中某一特定的表层信息的把握．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．所以难度一般不会太．．．．．．．．．大．
。 纵观近五年高考可以看出,对事实细节方面的考查所占比例一直维持在 50%左右,但考查难度稍有增加,表现在:①答案 跨段落搜集;②题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致;③需将几个信息综合才能得出答案 。
【五年高考】
A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组
Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:256
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under30build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible:Youth15—18years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to$3,000to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible:Students aged15—29,returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible:Students aged16or17at time of hire,but not turning18before December31this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible:Students aged15or older.Some positions require students to be15to24or up to29for persons with a disability.
1.What is special about Summer Company?
A.It requires no training before employment.
B.It provides awards for running new businesses.
C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15—18.
B.15—24.
C.15—29.
D.16—17.
3.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
答案
1.B
2.D
3.D
Passage2(2019课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:204
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph,in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church,165W.86th St.212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W.45th St.212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public,425Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs,for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre,227W.42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A.A type of art.
B.A teenager’s studio.
C.A great teacher.
D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience?
A.Helen Mirren.
B.Peter Morgan.
C.Dylan Baker.
D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A.Animals Out of Paper.
B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton.
D.On the Twentieth Century.
答案
1.A
2.D
3.C
Passage 3（2018课标全国Ⅰ，A）词数:260
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration:3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration:3 hours(4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration:3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour
route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration:3 hours(7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,
D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A.Meet famous people.
B.Go to a national park.
C.Visit well-known museums.
D.Enjoy interesting stories.
3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A.City maps.
B.Cameras.
C.Meals.
D.Safety lights.
答案
1.A
2.D
3.D
Passage4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:284
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers,and select two activities they would like to do.Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.Before choices are finalised,parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
Activity Description Member of staff Cost
Outdoor Adventure
(OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week,discover new
personal qualities,and learn new skills.You will be able to take part
in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on
Dartmoor.Learn rock climbing and work as a team,and enjoy the
great outdoor environment.
Mr.Clemens￡140
WWⅠBattlefields and Paris
(WBP)On Monday we travel to London.After staying overnight in London,
we travel on Day2to northern France to visit the World WarⅠ
battlefields.On Day3we cross into Belgium.Thursday sees us make
the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,
staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.Our final day,
Friday,sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs.Wilson￡425
Crafty Foxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles.Making lovely
objects using recycled and made materials.Bags,cushions and
decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual
textiles.
Mrs.Goode￡30
Potty about Potter
(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio,shop stop to buy picnic,stay overnight in
an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames,guided tour of
Oxford to see the film locations,picnic lunch outside Oxford’s
Christchurch,boating on the River Cherwell through the University
Parks,before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake￡150
1.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A.OUT.
B.WBP.
C.CRF.
D.POT.
2.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs.Wilson?
A.Travel to London.
B.See a parade and fireworks.
C.Tour central Paris.
D.Visit the WWⅠbattlefields.
3.How long does Potty about Potter last?
A.Two days.
B.Four days.
C.Five days.
D.One week.
答案
1.A
2.D
3.A
Passage5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:192
Welcome to Holker Hall&Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car:Follow brown signs on A590from J36,M6.Approximate travel times:Windermere—20minutes, Kendal—25minutes,Lancaster—45minutes,Manchester—1hour30minutes.
By Rail:The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth,Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities&airports.
Opening Times
Sunday—Friday(closed on Saturday)11:00am—4:00pm,30th March—2nd November.
Admission Charges
Hall&Gardens Gardens
Adults:￡12.00￡8.00
Groups:￡9.00￡5.50
Special Events
Producers’Market13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival30th May
The event celebrates its22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening,making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market8th November
This is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20minutes.
B.25minutes.
C.45minutes.
D.90minutes.
2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall&Gardens?
A.￡12.00.
B.￡9.00.
C.￡8.00.
D.￡5.50.
3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A.Producers’Market.
B.Holker Garden Festival.
C.National Garden Day.
D.Winter Market.
答案
1.D
2.B
3.D
Passage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:225
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building3right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind,but what about your body?Our caféoffers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.The caféis located upstairs in Building1and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building1near the Information Desk and in Building3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since1962,Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science,math and technology.Today,Pacific Science Center serves more than1.3million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations.Visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html, to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A.In Building1.
B.In Building3.
C.At the Laser Dome.
D.At the Denny Way entrance.
2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A.Train science teachers.
B.Distribute science books.
C.Inspire scientific research.
D.Take science to the classroom.
3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A.To encourage donations.
B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits.
D.To tell about the Center’s history.
答案
1.B
2.D
3.A
Passage7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:287
In the coming months,we are bringing together artists from all over the globe,to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language,in our Globe,within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us.
National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese
This great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK.The company’s productions show the new face of21st century Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeare’s RichardⅢwill be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying.
Date&Time:Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pm
Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date&Time:Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pm
Deafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language(BSL)
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv|Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide.Founded in Moscow after the1905revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late1920s.Since1958,they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date&Time:Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm
1.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A.RichardⅢ.
B.Love’s Labour’s Lost.
C.As You Like It.
D.The Merchant of Venice.
2.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?
A.It has two groups of actors.
B.It is the leading theatre in London.
C.It performs plays in BSL.
D.It is good at producing comedies.
3.When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A.On Saturday28April.
B.On Sunday29April.
C.On Tuesday22May.
D.On Tuesday29May.
答案
1.A
2.C
3.D
Passage8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:236
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running:February1st through April30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy4pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery:Tour times upon request
Duration(时长):2hours
Price:$90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running:August16th through August31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods,the1950s!Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery:5:00pm and7:30pm
Duration:2hours
Price:$90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running:October10th through October31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery:6:30pm and8:30pm
Duration:1hour and30minutes
Price:Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running:December6th through December23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery:7:00pm and9:00pm
Duration:1hour and30minutes
Advance reservations required.
1.Which of the tours is available in March?
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.
B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Halloween Tour.
D.Holiday Lights Tour.
2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?
A.Go to Treasure Island.
B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C.Have free ice cream.
D.Visit the Presidio district.
3.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A.Take some drinks.
B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
答案
1.A
2.C
3.D
Passage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:292
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third-generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children,she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,,83percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby,publisher of Grand,a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them,especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your
grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,but giving up the life you know may be harder.
1.Why was Garza’s move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?
A.17%expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83%believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
3.What did Crosby say about people in the1960s?
A.They were unsure of themselves.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They had little respect for their grandparents.
4.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D.Get to know themselves better.
答案
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
Passage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:259
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm—1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area?We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?If so,come early to the talk at7.30pm by Jules Skye,a successful record producer.He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm—10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform.He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh!Our bar is open from7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm—7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy,and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has10 years’experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm—11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music;this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD,with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian,with excellent meat and fresh
fish,pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day,and serves cocktails,coffee,beer,and white wine.
1.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A.Jules Skye.
B.Gee Whizz.
C.Charlotte Stone.
D.James Pickering.
2.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A.The Cyclops Theatre.
B.Kaleidoscope.
C.Victoria Stage.
D.Pizza World.
3.What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A.It requires membership status.
B.It lasts three hours each time.
C.It is run by a comedy club.
D.It is held every Wednesday.
4.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A.5.00pm—7.30pm.
B.7.30pm—1.00am.
C.8.00pm—11.00pm.
D.8.30pm—10.30pm.
答案
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
Passage11(2016课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:178
Music
Opera at Music Hall:1243Elm Street.The season runs June through August,with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone:241-2742.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,.
Chamber Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at1406Elm Street,which offers several concerts from March through June.Call723-1182for more information.https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,.
Symphony Orchestra:At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales,call381-3300.Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend.https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,/home.asp. College Conservatory of Music(CCM):Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university,usually at Patricia Cobbett https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,M organizes a variety of events,including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet,CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra,and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.Students with I.D.cards can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at556-4183.https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater:6295Kellogg https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,rge outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover(price difference).Big name shows all summer long!Phone:232-6220.https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,.
1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A.241-2742.
B.723-1182.
C.381-3300.
D.232-6220.
2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A.February.
B.May.
C.August.
D.November.
3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D.cards?
A.Music Hall.
B.Memorial Hall.
C.Patricia Cobbett Theater.
D.Riverbend Music Theater.
4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A.It has seats in the open air.
B.It gives shows all year round.
C.It offers membership discounts.
D.It presents famous musical works.
答案
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
Passage12(2015课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:218
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at19:30on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book.They end around21:00.
November7th
The Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”. December5th
Ice for the Metropolis,by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers,there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells,and how London’s ice trade grew.
February6th
An Update on the Cotswold Canals,by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.
March6th
Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,/book
More info:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,/whatson
London Canal Museum
12—13New Wharf Road,London NI9RT
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel:020********
1.When is the talk on James Brindley?
A.February6th.
B.March6th.
C.November7th.
D.December5th.
2.What is the topic of the talk in February?
A.The Canal Pioneers.
B.Ice for the Metropolis.
C.Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands.
D.An Update on the Cotswold Canals.
3.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?
A.Miranda Vickers.
B.Malcolm Tucker.
C.Chris Lewis.
D.Liz Payne.
答案
1.C
2.D
3.A
Passage13(2015课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:274
Choose Your One-Day Tours!
Tour A—Bath&Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡37 until26March and￡39thereafter.
Visit the city with over2,000years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over5,000years.
Tour B—Oxford&Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway’s house—￡32until12March and￡36thereafter.
Oxford:Includes a guided tour of England’s oldest university city and colleges.Look over the“city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”from St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford:Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C—Windsor Castle&Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34until11 March and￡37thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court,Henry VIII’s favourite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With500years of history,Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens,which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33until18March and ￡37thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge,the famous university town,and the gardens of the18th century.
1.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?
A.Tour A.
B.Tour B.
C.Tour C.
D.Tour D.
2.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on17March?
A.Windsor Castle&Hampton Court.
B.Oxford&Stratford.
C.Bath&Stonehenge.
D.Cambridge.
3.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A.It used to be the home of royal families.
B.It used to be a well-known maze.
C.It is the oldest palace in Britain.
D.It is a world-famous castle.
答案
1.B
2.D
3.A
B组自主命题·省(区、市)卷题组
Passage1(2019天津,A)词数:342
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will
become.Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting,engaging,and fun!
This Year’s Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.To many people,technology means computers,hand-held devices,or vehicles that travel to distant planets.However,technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories:
·Performance
·Documentary(纪实作品)
·Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance:A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than10minutes long.If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary:A visual presentation(such as a video,slide show,or computer project)no more than10minutes long.A desktop computer,screen,projector,and loudspeakers will be available.Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday,March23.
Essay Writing:An academic paper of2,000to2,500words.No illustrations(图解)are allowed.Please do not include covers.A list of references must be included.
Important Dates
January5Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
February5Submit a first draft of your essay,performance script(剧本),or documentary highlights.
February19A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
March9Submit a final draft of your essay.
March15Performance and documentary committee preview
March24Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7:00A.M.—9:00A.M.Participants signing in at the gym
10:00A.M.—6:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,petition and judges’review
7:00P.M.Awards ceremony and picnic
1.According to Paragraph1,what is the major goal of understanding history?
A.To preserve national traditions.
B.To prepare for a history competition.
C.To better know the present and future.
D.To further explore historical mysteries.
2.What is the theme of this year’s competition?
A.Technology advances science.
B.Science interacts with technology.
C.Science has made the study of history easy.
D.Technology has improved the life of Americans.
3.Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are.
A.special clothes and a screen
B.a desktop computer and a CD
C.a projector and special clothes
D.a desktop computer and loudspeakers
4.What would a participant have to do with an essay of1,500words to meet the category requirement?
A.Include more information in the essay.
B.Remove the references.
C.Provide a cover for the essay.
D.Explain the details with illustrations.
5.What will the committee of teachers do on February19?
A.Preview performances and documentaries.
B.Make comments on the materials.
C.Improve the participant’s first draft.
D.Collect a second proposal from the participant.
答案
1.C
2.D
3.D
4.A
5.B
Passage2(2019浙江,A)词数:359
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors,Zac tracks down the medals’rightful owners,and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother,a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G.Piccoli,found in an antique shop.Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal,he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet,Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions:“Who are you?What antique shop?”However,when she hung up,she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown,N.Y.“At that point,I knew she meant business,”Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown.Corrado,a translator for the Army during WWII,was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac,Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals,the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very precious to my parents.Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,”Adeline says.
As a child,Adeline couldn’t understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older,”Adeline says,“and missed my brother more and more,I realized that was the only thing we had left.”Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal,Zac says his record is now5for5.
1.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?
A.In the army.
B.In an antique shop.
C.From his mother.
D.From Adeline Rockko.
2.What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?
A.She was very impolite.
B.She was serious about the medal.
C.She suspected his honesty.
D.She came from a wealthy family.
3.What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A.Her parents’advice.
B.Her knowledge of antiques.
C.Her childhood dream.
D.Her memory of her brother.
答案
1.A
2.B
3.D
Passage3(2019北京,A)词数:295
Want to explore new cultures,meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time?You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life you’re at,wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA,you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds.Most of our volunteers are aged17—24.Now we need volunteer managers aged25—75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.We have such roles as project managers,mountain leaders,and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose,you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures.You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally,you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both4-week and7-week programmes:
Country
Schedule
4-week programmes7-week programmes
Algeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.
Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.
Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.
South Africa2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed.All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme.Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,
Email:humanresources@https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,
1.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A.To seek local partners.
B.To take in young volunteers.
C.To carry out programmes.
D.To foster cultural awareness.
2.The programme beginning in August will operate in.
A.Egypt
B.Algeria
C.Kenya
D.South Africa
3.The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to.
A.explore new cultures
B.protect the environment
C.gain corporate benefits
D.help communities in need
答案
1.C
2.D
3.D
Passage4(2018浙江,C)词数:292
As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线)on September27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel, the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in history.
In1928Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by22percent since1990.
The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph2?
A.To explain Americans’love for travelling by car.
B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D.To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
2.What has the use of cars in America led to?
A.Decline of economy.
B.Environmental problems.
C.A shortage of oil supply.
D.A farm-based society.
3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A.Ambiguous.
B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful.
D.Tolerant.
答案
1.B
2.B
3.C
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1000Fifth Avenue New York,NY10028
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at82nd Street
Hours
Open7days a week.
Sunday—Thursday10:00—17:30
Friday and Saturday10:00—21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day,December25,
January1,and the first Monday in May.
Admission
$25.00recommended for adults,$12.00recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day;free for children under12with an adult.
Free with Admission
All special exhibitions,as well as films,lectures,guided tours,concerts,gallery talks,and family/children’s
programs are free with admission.
Ask about today’s activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.
The Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture,colored glass,and precious objects from Europe dating from about the9th to the15th century.
Hours:Open7days a week.
March—October10:00—17:15
November—February10:00—16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day,December25,and January1.
1.How much may they pay if an11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A.$12.
B.$37.
C.$50.
D.$62.
2.The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that.
A.it opens all the year round
B.its collections date from the Middle Ages
C.it has a modern European-style garden
D.it sells excellent European glass collections
答案
1.C
2.B
Passage6(2018江苏,C)词数:427
If you want to disturb the car industry,you’d better have a few billion dollars:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture,small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers,and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统),small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition(NYFC,美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself,I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example,take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester,a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer,Jonathan Dysinger,in Tennessee,with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small-scale farmers to harvest175pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out,small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product,they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers,though,won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,petition from investors,developers,and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.From2004to2013,agricultural land values doubled,and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of65
outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than35by six to one,and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer,we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy,but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation,as we push for immigration reform,and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress,consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
1.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce.
A.the progress made in car industry
B.a special feature of agriculture
C.a trend of development in agriculture
D.the importance of investing in car industry
2.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph2?
A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,petition between small and big farms is fierce.
D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
3.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?
A.To gain more financial aid.
B.To hire good farm managers.
C.To have farms of their own.
D.To win old farmers’support.
4.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A.Seek support beyond NYFC.
B.Expand farmland conservation.
C.Become members of NYFC.
D.Invest more to improve technology.
答案
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
Passage7(2018天津,A)词数:332
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,fire alarms,and fire extinguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety,never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill,please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID,close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit;do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,e a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly,the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke,inform your hall staff.
1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A.To provide part-time jobs for students.
B.To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A.Pipes and smoke detectors.
B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
3.In a fire drill,the students should.
A.rush quickly to a lift
B.gather at the nearest exit
C.shut the door and leave at once
D.wait for instructions in the hall
4.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,ing them wrongly results in punishment.
B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,ing them without a trainer present is forbidden.
5.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector,one should.
A.contact the hall staff regularly
B.cover the things that burn easily
C.start the smoke detector in a fire
D.make certain the red light is working
答案
1.C
2.B
3.C
4.A
5.D
Passage8(2018北京,B)词数:284
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空)Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure,the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
( 细节理解题专练(一) A (2017·衡水中学全国高三大联考) Discovering the beauty of the science and math that shape our everyday lives, an experience in WonderLab will fuel your imagination and inspire you to see the world around you in new and exciting ways. Come and enjoy yourself! What to see Spread across seven different zones, there're loads of opportunities to get hands on with real scientific phenomena. Observe live experiments at our Chemistry Bar, see lightning strike before your eyes, play with forces on giant slides or travel through space under a canopy 苍穹) of stars. You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers. With 50 mindblowing wonders of science to enjoy, WonderLab is an experience unlike any other. Besides, a selection of shows will be performed daily in WonderLab's beautiful new show space. They are free of charge and last 20 minutes. Tickets ◆Day pass ：￡6 per person. This ticket gives you dayl ong access to WonderLab, perfect whether you're planning a special trip to the Museum or simply passing through London and want to feed your curiosity. ◆Annual pass ：￡10 per person. For less than the price of two visits, give yourself a year packed full of wonder, curiosity and breathtaking experiences. Opening times Open seven days a week, 10：00 — 18：00 (last entry 17：15). WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27. During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00—19：00 (last entry 18： 15). Please note that in peak periods (from midday onwards) we are experiencing long queues due to the gallery's popularity. 体裁：应用文 题材：新闻广告 主题：科技展 【语篇导读】 文章介绍了 WonderLab 的活动、票价及时间安排等信息，吸引大家前去 参观游玩。 1．What can you do in WonderLab?
湖南省郴州市第二中学杨兵林（英语QQ415648152群管理员）高考英语全国卷中，除在专门考查考生寻读(scanning)能力的信息类文本中考查直接信息题外，其他细节题一般要求考生进行同义转换，即选出与文中信息点的意思相同但表达方式不同的选项。但是，有的细节题并不只是要求考生进行简单的转换，而是要求考生对两个或多个信息点进行概括或进行推断，才可选出正确选项。 一、细节概括题 有时仅将同一句话中的两个具体信息点概括起来，用一个抽象的词来代替。 例1 (2016年全国Ⅲ卷) Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people' s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. 32. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A. News reports. B. Research papers. C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations. 解析：由第一段第二句Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers可知，“那些经典规则适用于晚上的广播和早报。”其中，“晚上的广播和早报(the evening broadcasts and the morning papers)”概括地说，就是“新闻媒体”，其内容都是“新闻报道(News reports)”，故选A项。 选项B“研究论文”，选项C“私人邮件”，选项D“日常交谈”均与此段内容无关，属无中生有。只是命题人利用了该段出现的researchers让选项B有一定迷感性，利用文中的people’s e-mails 让选项C具有迷感性。也可以说是断章取义，仅借用原文中的一两个单词来表达与原文不同的意思。 有时会要求考生将几句话或一个段话中的多个信息点进行概括。 有时会要求考生将几句话或一个段话中的多个信息点进行概括。 例2 (2017年全国Ⅲ卷) The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In
2006安徽卷 People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944, when she starred in National Velvet– the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race. At first, the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet. However, they waited for her for a few months as she exercised and trained – and added three inches to her height in four months! Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress. Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932. Her parents, both Americans, had moved there for business reasons. When World War II started, the Taylors moved to Beverly Hills, California, and there Elizabeth started acting in movies. After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult(成人) roles and won twice for Best Actress: Butter field 8(1960) and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966) Taylor’s fame(名声) and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, so she was able to demand very high pay for her movies. In 1963, she received $1million for her part in Cleopatra– the highest pay received by any star up to that time. Elizabeth Taylor is a legend(传奇人物) of our time. Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky: she has beauty, fame and wealth. But she is also a hard worker. Taylor seldom acts in movies any more. Instead, she puts her time and efforts into her businesses, and into helping others – several years ago, she founded an organization that has raised more than $40million for research and education. 60. The producers didn’t let Taylor play the part of Velvet at first because they thought she . A.was small in size B. was too young C. did not play well enough D. did not show much interest 2008浙江卷 A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students aren’t used to the early hour. “Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,”says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problems of adolescent(青春期的) sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine. Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time on adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns. Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, not less, as commonly thought. Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice—their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns. All of this makes the transfer from middle school to high school—which may start one hour earlier in the morning—all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when it comes to trying to be up by 5 or 6am for a 7:30am first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying, “I need a timeout.” 48. Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because . A. it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime B. it is biologically difficult for students to rise early C. students work so late at night that they can’t get up early D. students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early
1．题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2．解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
高考英语阅读之理解细节理解题 细节理解题在高考中占有较大比例，其主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。 一：常见的设问方式有： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 二．常见题型 1.wh类细节题； 2.数据计算题； 3.排序题； 4.是非题； 5.图标题 三、设题方式 1．语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。 2．设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。 3．设题干扰项。 (1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。 (2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。 (3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 (4)以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。 (5)无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。 四、解题步骤 1．迅速定位，缩小范围。通过寻读法(scanning)，用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。 2．理解其意，对照选项。在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。 3．排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。 五、典例精析 1.wh类细节题 1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health 2).Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher income see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic. C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life. 3)(2012全国Ⅰ卷C篇) Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I becoming increasingly impatient. Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving? A.He was lonely on the road. B.He was slowed down by a truck. C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights. 4)Software Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own
2021届高考英语细节理解题专项训练 1 Live at Leeds Festival，United Kingdom A weekend of indie music taking over Leeds for one day in May, Metronomy, Sundara Karma and Tom Grennan will headline, but there's a focus on the city's newer bands, with the festival aiming to bring new artists into the spotlight. Events take place across the city, with wristbands giving you access to all the places. And to go to this festival，you need to be over 14 years old. Time：4 May, 2019 Midnight Sun Film Festival, Finland Almost a hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle，Sodankyl? is where Finnish film director brothers Aki and Mika Kaurism?ki rock up every summer for their Midnight Sun Film Festival, a five－day－and－night celebration of new cinema. A mix of silent films, contemporary Finnish ones, recent festival hits and box－office classics are screened around the clock. Time：12－16 June, 2019 Fuji Rock Festival, Japan The first ever Fuji Rock Festival was held at the bottom of Mount Fuji back in 1997 and has brought in music and rock fans from all over the world. The festival is now held in the Naeba Ski Resort and is celebrating its 23th anniversary this year.The artists who perform aren't all rockers. Your wristband has to be checked at the entrance. We offer facilities for children, but they can't be left unaccompanied. Time：26－28 July,2019 The White Nights Festival, St. Petersburg, Russia The White Nights Festival is held at the city's famous Mariinsky Theatre and shows some of the world's best opera and ballet. It's the best time to visit St. Petersburg because it's held during the magical summer period when there's almost 24 hours of sunlight a day. Time：11 May－31 July, 2019 1．Which festival lasts the longest time？ A．Live at Leeds Festival. B．Midnight Sun Film Festival. C．Fuji Rock Festival. D．The White Nights Festival. 2．Where will you enjoy a 24－hour movie activity？ A．In Leeds, United Kingdom. B．In Sodankyl?，Finland.
传统阅读—细节题 B（2018-III） Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762. 24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A. Its business culture. B. Its small population. C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate. 25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich. C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died. 26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada. C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson. C（2018-III）
高考英语阅读理解细节题的解题技巧 题型特点这类英语试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题 一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章 的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为 两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是 原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。命题形式这类题 主要是针对who,what,which,why,how,when,where等来提问的。如：等来提问 的。如(1) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/NOTtrue/false,accordingtothepassage?(2)Wh ichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct?(3)Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingis mentioned/notmentioned?(4)Allthefollowingstatementsarenottrueexcept______.(5) Allthestatementsaretrueexcept______.(6)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthe passage?(7)When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解 题有一定帮助。一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、 词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词 组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思，以此来考察读者对文段中某 一信息的理解。解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练掌握所学范围内的词 汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。实例分析下面是选自全国的一篇高考阅读 题。短文后面的阅读理解题的设计采用了替换词汇(单词、词组或短语)、替 换句型、转换表达形式等命题方式。我们通过对这些例题的分析，具体了解 一些阅读理解题的设计特点和解题的基本方法。ThebasenjiisacentralAfricanhuntingdog.ItcomesfromacountrycalledChad,whichisno rthoftheCentralAfricanRepublic.Thebasenjiwaswell-
高考英语阅读理解：5类细节事实题解题技巧 细节题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题、语义转化题)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。 尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why 和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. 51. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning . A. are always accompanied by a fever B. are too common to be noted C. can be noticed within hours D. can be ignored 53. Food poi soning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT . A. some chemicals B. low tempertures C. some tiny living things D. certain natural materials 54. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that A. mushrooms should not be eaten B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals D. different types of food should be handled differently 55. It can be inferred from the passage that A. natural materials are safe in food processing B. chemicals are needed in food processing C. food poisoning can be kept under control D. food poisoning is out of control 该篇文章除了最后一题是主旨大意题外，其他都是细节理解题，而且答案位置的先后顺序与题号顺序是基本一致的。 2. 通过定位词寻找出题点 定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。 （1）什么词才算是定位词呢？ 我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如 【2010辽宁】64. According to California study, the low-scoring group might . 【2010全国卷II】51. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in the Europe? 【2010辽宁】61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York? 【2010全国I】61. How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea? 【2010山东】57. https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html, was created for . 【2010湖南】62, We can know that before 1995 Mary . 【2010四川】46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? 在上面的例子当中，表示地名的California, New York, Europe；表示人名的Christy McKinley, Ms. Schatzman，表示时间的1995 以及大写的特殊专有名词https://www.doczj.com/doc/b84026049.html,, Green Communities Standards等都是定位词，在原文当中都有出现，能帮助我们迅速地找找到出题点。 可是我们不一定每次都运气好碰到专有名词等，在没有上面这些类词的时候我们需要留意一些表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的具象的名词。如： 【2010广东】48. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should . 【2010江苏】56. Which of the following do the surnames in the passage NOT cover? 【2010全国I】56. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace? 【2010全国I】66. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? 如果我们在题干中连一个实体名词都找不到的话应该怎么办呢？这时我们还可以关注题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。但是因为动词、形容词、副词的同义表达太多，题干中这些词往往是原文中的同义表达或转化，需要引起我们的注意。这个我们在下文中还会专门提到。请看下面一个用形容词、副词作定位词的例子： 【2010上海】67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because 在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子：Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back.