附录翻译练笔材料及详解
一、英文短篇
1
A faint whinny, penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda①. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road loomed up darkly over the house②, only leaving a pale strip of sky. Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush.③From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.
Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand④. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist—the yellow robin’s plucked string⑤, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.
【参考译文】
一阵轻微的马嘶声闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了①。她睁开眼睛，天还没有大亮；大道旁陡坡上耸立着茂密的桉树，幽暗的树影笼罩着房屋②，只在树缝间显露出一道灰白色的天空。到处都是一层湿湿的露水——木柴棚的顶上，树墩旁的手推车上，灌木丛边的蕨草上，到处都是。③从屋檐滴下来一颗颗水珠，使得罩在阳台上的铁纱模糊不清
了。
躺在温暖被褥里的小妞，睡眼惺忪地看着那个黑影，它长着老人胡须，年老的双肩躬着，伸出一只僵死的手；上床睡觉时，这个黑影总使她非常害怕④。这时，天渐渐放亮，看见的只不过是一棵树，和别的树没有什么两样。透过迷茫的晨雾，开始听到各种声响——黄色知更鸟叫得像拨动的琴弦⑤；大路上一辆农夫的大车马蹄嗒嗒，丁零当啷作响；总是在晚上被牵进屋旁马圈里的那匹小马打着响鼻。
(摘自晓玲译万斯·帕尔默著《小马驹》，载《澳大利亚短篇小说选》) 【翻译要点】
①penetrate原意为“渗透；穿透”，在此处，可理解为“闯入”，符合语境。penetrating 引导的是原因状语，在按原文的句序翻译时，可将对her的修饰成分提前，先点出her 的身份，符合汉语的表达习惯。
②译文将原文的动宾成分独立为分句，进行了词性转换。如将原文的darkly联系上文，理解为“幽暗的树影”，符合句意，且与上文衔接连贯。
③本句为景色描写，写的是清晨的露珠，亮点在于，译文在景物描写之后，増译了“到处都是”，有强调的作用，同时也显得流畅自然。
④本句为比喻句，描写幽暗的树影，比喻形象生动，且为中西文化共有的形象，所以在此应保留其比喻意象。此外，译文还对其顺序进行了调整，将对树影的描写部分提前，将由此引发的“害怕”置后，体现了连贯的因果关系。
⑤这一部分为描写声音的补充部分，并列成分较多，且意思完整，因此，可将每一个名词性的并列成分转译为分句。其中，划线的部分描写的是黄色知更鸟的叫声，以plucked string 做比喻，形容知更鸟的悦耳叫声如拨动的琴弦，翻译时要注意分析，以免理解错误。
2
The early hours of the night were occupied with the ruminative pleasures of the cud, and there was a soothing companionship in the sound of so many jaws swinging in unison①; then silence would settle on the camp, disturbed only by the noise of a long and deep-blown sigh, or the scuffle of some member of the mob rising to settle down again on its other side.
In the dawn, while yet the ordinary objects of day were emerging from the shadows, they rose to stretch and to suckle the calves②; then, as the sun came up, revealing an earth refreshed by the hours of darkness, they moved out to feed.
Day succeeded day, and year followed year③. The steady stream of their life ran on④. The young ones grew up beside their mothers, and, passing from infancy to maturity, merged into the body of the herd. The old ones, their strength run out, lay down to die—a heap of whitening bones marking the scene of their passing, and telling of a life that had been lived.
【参考译文】
夜晚最初几个小时(一段时间)充满了反刍的快意。在许多张嘴巴以同一节奏嚼动的声音中，有种温存的伙伴之情①。随后，露宿地便万籁俱寂。打破沉寂的，只有一声长叹或者牛群中某一员站起来又换一侧躺下的挪动声。
黎明时分，白天看到的万物从暗影中显露时，它们就站了起来：有的舒展四肢，有的给小牛喂奶。②接着，伴着旭日东升，展现出被黑夜刷洗得焕然一新的大地，它们出去寻食了。
日复一日，年复一年③，它们传宗接代，生命的溪流奔淌着④：小牛在妈妈身边长大，从孩提时代进入成年，加入了牛的集体。老牛们精疲力竭，躺下等着一死——一堆嶙嶙白
骨标志着它们的过往之地，讲述着一种曾经存在过的生命。
(编者译自F. D. 戴维逊著Man-shy) 【翻译要点】
①本句在翻译时，句序进行了灵活调整，将状语部分提前。jaw本指“下巴；下颚”，形容牛反刍的部位，翻译时也可模糊处理为“嘴巴”。in unison表示“一致”，此处指反刍的动作一致。soothing指“抚慰的，使人宽心的”，此处译为“温存”，切合句意和语境。
②本句包含三个动作rose, stretch和suckle，但suckle和stretch之间并没有先后关系，而是并列关系，所以翻译时可以加入“有的”，使句意更明确。
③Day succeeded day, and year followed year.可译为“日复一日，年复一年”，既简洁准确，又有着生命周而复始的哲理，与下文联系紧密。
④原文为比喻句，将它们的life比作stream。译文则由steady和下文的句意引申，増译了“它们传宗接代”，既总结又揭示了下文的内容，与上下文衔接紧密。
3
Away on her right, the moon in her third quarter①came up from behind the black trees. Pale limbs gleamed silvery in the light. The bare earth was striped and patterned with long shadows②, and the stars were dimmed. The red heifer could hear the small creatures of the bush scuttling out of her way, or pausing to watch her pass. A kangaroo rat leaped with startled hiss from his nest in the tall grass. She heard the flip-flop of wallabies at play; and a couple of possums checked their quarrelling③to peer down at her passing swiftly on her journey.
The shadows shortened as the moon climbed, then passed underfoot, and
stretched out to the east as the moon floated steadily down the western sky. The green gates of dawn swung wide in the east; the stars fled and the moon dimmed.
④The light of the sun sprang to the tree-tops and day was at hand.
【参考译文】
在她的右方，大半个月亮①从远处黑黝黝的树林背后探出头来。灰白的枝杈沐浴在月色中，泛着银光，狭长的树影给光秃秃的大地铺上条纹，印上图案②，天上星光黯淡。小红牝牛可以听到灌木丛中的小生物纷纷从她欲经的路上闪开，或是停下来目送她过去；一只袋鼠随着惊骇“嗖”的一声，从深深草丛中的巢穴里蹦出来，小红牝牛还听得见小袋鼠戏耍时的啪嗒啪嗒声；还有一对负鼠，暂时停下了争论③，看着她飞奔而过。
随着月亮升高，影子龟缩了；当月亮平滑地向西天漂游而下，影子便从脚下滑过，伸向东方；黎明的碧幕在东方拉开，星星隐遁，月色朦胧④，晨曦耀上梢头——白日就要到了。
(编者译自F. D. 戴维逊著Man-Shy) 【翻译要点】
①此处有两个her，翻译时应注意区分。根据下文可知，第一个her指的是the red heifer，也就是小红牝牛。而第二个her指的则是the moon，所以the moon in her third quarter指的是3/4圆的月亮，也就是大半个月亮。
②strip做动词，可指“切成或分成条”。pattern作动词则指的是“形成图案”。在此处，这里指月光在地面上形成的条形或图案。而且，本句为被动句，译为主动句时，可联系上文，加上主语limb，也就是“树影”。
③check常用来指“检查，核对”。但在此语境中，应将它理解为“中止；抑制”。
④本句也涉及到比喻意象the green gate，译为“碧幕”简洁生动，虽与英文的gate稍有偏差，但这一形象更符合汉语的习惯用法。此外，本句在翻译时对词语的选择上，非常生
动，符合原文的诗性和文学性的特点，如“碧暮”“隐遁”“朦胧”。
4
For a little while he remained, looking about him, lost in that fascination which strange water has for him who comes upon it.①It was a little life centre, known only to the bush animals and the wild cattle. The marks of their coming and going were plain on the earth around him. Dingo, wallaby, native bear, kangaroo and ibis—Joe’s quick eye noted their tracks in the dust, and the prints of many small birds whose names were not within the scope of his knowledge②. Even as he stood there, quite still, two small brown ducks of the variety known to bushmen as divers, whistled out of the sky③and alighted on the water. They saw him, and two widening ripples marked where they had been. They did not come to the surface again within his vision, although he waited; but he knew that from somewhere among the reeds opposite they were watching him with bright and curious eyes. A movement in the timber a furlong distant④drew his attention. A mob of six emus stalked across the bush like figures in a stately frieze⑤.
【参考译文】
他停了一会儿，环视四周，忽然发现一片水，令人感到陌生，他不禁给迷住了。①这片水是个小小的生命中心，只有丛林动物和野林牛才知道这个中心。在他周围的地面上，这些动物来去的痕迹清晰可见。野狗、鼠尃、树袋熊、袋鼠和朱鹭——乔敏锐的双眼一下看到了它们留在尘土上的印迹，还有许多小鸟的爪印，可惜乔叫不出②这些小鸟的名字。就是在他十分安静地站着的时候，他发现两只棕鸭，丛林人称之为潜水鸟，突然一声长鸣，从天而
预测一 1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.（跟得上班上的其他同学） 2.I don't mind your_____________（你延期做出决定）the decision as long as it is not too late. 3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________（起着不可缺少的作用）in raising children. 4.Mark often____________________________（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 5.When I __________________（发现他骗我）I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop. 答案及解析： 1.keeping up with the rest of the class. 「超级句型」trouble可以用在句型"have trouble doing sth. " 做某事有困难"中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。 「超级短语」keep up with意为“跟上……”，指并肩前进，并驾齐驱，不至落后、掉队。catch up with意为“赶上”，指从后边追上或改变落后状。； 2.delaying making 「超级单词」mind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。 Delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。 3.play indispensable roles 「超级短语」play a part/role in起着……作用，饰演……的角色。 4.attampts to escape being fined 「超级单词」escape后面要接动名词形式。常与介词from搭配，如He has escaped from the fire. 5.caught /found him cheating me 「超级句型」find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river. 预测二 1.I suggested he ____________________ （使自己适应）his new conditions. 2. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________（牢记一生）. 3. If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）. 4. His remarks left me ____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）. 5. If you had_____________________ （听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦） 答案及解析： 1.should adapt himself to 「超级句型」suggest作“建议”时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型"suggest that sb．（should）do sth．“结构；从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise 等。 「超级短语」adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于，其他搭配：adapt from 根据……改写/改编 2.remembering all my life 「超级单词」Be worth doing…/值得做某事,还有说法是worth sth. 如：He is worth the praise. 3.neither will they 「超级单词」neither表示“两者都不”，表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。如：If you won't go, neither
?夏洛克经典台词欣赏 ?To bait fish withal: ?if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. ?He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, ?thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; ?and what's his reason I am a Jew. ?Hath not a Jew eyes hath not a Jew hands, organs, ?dimensions, senses, affections, passions ?fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, ?subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, ?warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christi an is ?If you prick us, do we not bleed ?if you tickle us, do we not laugh ?if you poison us, do we not die ?and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge ?If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in tha t. ?If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility Revenge. ?If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by ?Christian example Why, revenge. ?The villainy you teach me, I will execute, ?and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. ?拿来钓鱼也好；即使他的肉不中吃，至少也可以出出我这一口气。 ?他曾经羞辱过我，夺去我几十万块钱的生意，讥笑着我的亏蚀，挖苦着我的盈余，侮蔑我的民族，破坏我的买卖，离间我的朋友，煽动我的仇敌；他的理由是什么只因为我是一个犹太人。 ?难道犹太人没有眼睛吗难道犹太人没有五官四肢、没有知觉、没有感情、没有血气吗他不是吃着同样的食物，同样的武器可以伤害他，同样的医药可以疗治他，冬天同样会冷，夏天同样会热，就像一个基督徒一样吗你们要是用刀剑刺我们，我们不是也会出血的吗你们要是搔我们的痒，我们不是也会笑起来的吗 ?你们要是用毒药谋害我们，我们不是也会死的吗那么要是你们欺侮了我们，我们难道不会复仇吗要是在别的地方我们都跟你们一样，那么在这一点上也是彼此相同的。 要是一个犹太人欺侮了一个基督徒，那基督徒怎样表现他的谦逊报仇。要是一个基督徒欺侮了一个犹太人，那么照着基督徒的榜样，那犹太人应该怎样表现他的宽容报仇。你们已经把残虐的手段教给我，我一定会照着你们的教训实行，而且还要加
2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表，因为外表的东西往往不真实，也别在意财富，因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人，因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，成为你想成为的人，因为人生短暂，机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大，永远怀抱希望你才会开心，幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节，常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说：年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸，终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人，传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥，好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三
1．中华人民共和国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture 中华人民共和国人在70此前就开始用谷物酿酒。总来说，不论是古代还是当代，酒都和中华人民共和国文化息息有关。长期以来，中华人民共和国酒文化在人们生活中始终扮演着重要角色。咱们祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋朋友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割某些，例如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry，or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture，as a kind of culture form，is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding，etc. 2。中华人民共和国书法Chinese Calligraphy 中华人民共和国书法历史悠久，它不但是中文老式书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达艺术。作者内心世界通过美妙字体得以体现。书法在中华人民共和国艺术中拥有举足轻重地位，由于它影响到了其他中华人民共和国艺术形式，
《展喜犒师》原文翻译及作品欣赏 【作品介绍】 《展喜犒师》记录了展喜成功地说服了攻打鲁国的齐国退兵的一次出色外交活动。齐大鲁小，齐强鲁弱，因此，齐国总想侵略鲁国。这次齐孝公本来是想要进攻鲁国的。但展喜的一番话，有理有据，大义凛然，而又委婉动听，说得齐孝公无话可答，只好收兵回去。 【原文】 《展喜犒师》 出处：《左传》 夏，齐孝公伐我北鄙。 公使展喜犒师（1），使受命于展禽（2）。齐侯未人竟（3），展喜从之，曰：“寡君闻君亲举玉趾（4），将辱于敝邑，使下臣犒执事（5）”齐侯曰：“鲁人恐乎？”对曰：“小人恐矣，君子则否。”齐侯曰：“室如县磐（6），野无青草（7），何恃而不恐？”对曰：“恃先王之命。昔周公、大公股肱周室（8），夹辅成王。成王劳之，而赐之盟，曰：‘世世子孙无相害也！’载在盟府（9），大师职之（10）。桓公是以纠合诸侯，而谋其不协，弥缝其阙（11），而匡救其灾，昭旧职也（12）。及君即位，诸侯之望曰：‘其率桓之功（13）！’我敝邑用是不敢保聚（14），曰：‘岂其嗣世九年，而弃命废职？其若先君何？君必
不然。’恃此而不恐。”齐侯乃还。 【注释】 （1）公：指鲁僖公。展喜：鲁国大夫,展禽的弟弟。犒：慰劳。 （2）受命：请教。指向展禽领受犒劳齐军的辞令。展禽：名获，鲁国大夫，因食邑于柳下，死后谥为“惠”，故又称柳下惠。 （3）齐侯：齐孝公，齐桓公之子。竟：同“境”。 （4）玉趾：表示礼节的套话，意思是贵足、亲劳大驾。 （5）执事：左右办事的官员，用作对方的敬称。 （6）县：同“悬”。磐：石制打击乐器。 （7）野无青草：指旱情严重。 （8）大公：太公，齐国始祖姜尚，又称姜大公。股肱（gong）：大腿和手臂。这里的意思是辅佐。 （9）载：盟约也叫载书，简称为载。 （10）大师：太师，当为太史，主管盟誓的官。职：掌管。 （11）弥缝：填满缝隙。这里的意思是补救。 （12）昭：发扬光大。旧职：指大公的旧职。 （13）率：遵循。桓：指齐桓公。 （14）保聚：保城聚众。 【白话翻译】 夏天，齐孝公领兵攻打我国北部边境。……
2014年12月英语四级段落翻译预测及译文汇总(1) 泼水节 泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族最隆重的节日，也可以称之为傣族的“新年”。泼水节已有700多年的历史，一般在每年的4月13日举行，持续3至7天。大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为最美好最吉祥的日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其他国家，如泰国，也有庆祝泼水节的习俗。 Water-Sprinkling Festival(Songkran)is the most important festival of the Dai Ethnic People，which can be also called‘'New Year”of Dai People． Songkran has over 700 years of history．It’s generally held on April 13 each year and lasts about 3-7 days．People splash each other with pure water,to wash away the bad luck in the past year,so as to start again with good wishes for the new year．The third day is taken as the most wonderful and auspicious day．On this day，people watch dragon boat races，and perform Peacock dances，with abundant activities of festival happiness．In addition to the Dai people in China，Songkran Festival is also observed by other Asian countries including Thailand． 蒙古族 蒙古族是一个富有传奇色彩的民族，对亚欧历史进程产生过巨大的影响。全球蒙古民族共约有820万，主要分布在中国、蒙古国、俄罗斯三个国家。蒙古族服饰包括长袍、腰带、靴子、首饰等，但因地区不同在样式上有所差异。中国境内的蒙古族主要居住在内蒙古自治区，全区现有蒙古族人口约达380万。自古以来，蒙古族人善于骑射，素有“马背上的民族”(the Peop I e on Horseback)之称。 Mongolia is a legendary nation that once had huge impact on the history ofasia and Europe。There are about 8．2 million Mongolian people in total in the whole world．They are mainly distributed in the three countries of China，Mongolia and Russia．Mongolian costumes include robes，belts，boots，jewelry,etc．，that vary in different styles in different regions．Mongolians who live in the territory of China mainly reside in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，in which there ale about 3．8 million Mongolian people．Since ancient times，Mongolian people ale good at riding and shooting．They are known as“the People on Horseback”． 杭州 杭州位于中国东南沿海，是中国的“丝绸之府”(the Home of S i I k)。意大利著名旅行家马可-波罗赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽的华贵之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹闻名中外。它是为数不多的免费5A景区。春夏秋冬都有其独特的魅力。饭后漫步西湖，看一看音乐喷泉，听一听街头弹奏，是一件惬意的事情。 Hangzhou，located at southeast coast of China，is“the Home of Silk”in China．The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo praised Hangzhou as“the most beautiful and luxurious city in the world．”West Lake in the west of Hangzhou，is famous all over
英语四级翻译预测(一) 尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉不过了，但是几乎每个人对这门艺术都有自己的观点看法。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这是见仁见智的。各个音乐风格都有自己的经典音乐作品流行的并不完全等于经典的。一个好的音乐作品，是创作者(creator)和演奏者(performer) 双方共同努力的结果，二者相辅相成，缺一不可。 While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is anart, about which everyone has an opinion. Whatdefines "great" music is, very much, a personalissue. There is "great" music in every style but whatis popular does not always define the quality.Music is a joint effort between the creator and theperformer and one cannot exist without the other. 英语四级翻译预测(二) 太极拳(Taijiquan)是一种中国武术内家拳(theinternalstyles of Chinese martial art)。它基于以柔克刚(the soft overcoming the hard)的原理，发端于中国古代，最开始是一种武术和自卫方式。随着时间的推移，人们开始通过练太极拳来改善健康状况、增加福祉(well-being)。练习者用意念慢慢地、轻轻地移动身体, 同时深呼吸，因此有时被称为移动冥想(meditation)。中国人通常会在清晨到附近的公园练习太极拳。 These days, lots of people do their shopping in thecomfort of their homes with the help of theInternet.Online shopping has become one ofpeople's favorite ways of shopping.Forconsumers,online shopping offers not only convenience,broader selection and competitive pricing, but alsoeasier access to goods information.Forbusinesses,the Internet brings in more customers and offers alargermarket.For the entire market-oriented economy, this new type of shopping method canallocate resources with greater efficiency on a broader scale in a more extensivedimension. 英语四级翻译预测(三) 中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。 Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously,the overseas caompanies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market,but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied. 英语四级翻译预测(四)
许渊冲翻译理论及作品分析 外国语学院 115班 3号 冯奕璇 许渊冲翻译理论及作品分析
在上了名家名篇赏析这门课之后，我们都知道了在中国古诗词翻译中，许渊冲有“诗译英法唯一人”的称号，同时他还总结了自己的诗词翻译理论。下面就让我们分析一下许渊冲先生的翻译理论以及他的作品。 首先是许先生所提出的“三美”理论，“三美”即意美、音美、形美。所谓意美，就是在翻译时要体现出原作的内容美；音美即要求译文押韵、顺口、好听；形美则是对诗的行数长短整齐，句子对仗工整的要求。以他翻译的《关雎》为例，“关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑”译文为“By riverside are cooing. A pair of turtledoves. A good young man is wooing. A fair maiden he loves”，先说意美，关关雎鸠的意思是“关关鸣叫的水鸟”，许先生的译文中用了“cooing”这个单词来表示水鸟，运用了“拟声”的修辞手法，将水鸟鸣叫这一景象描写的惟妙惟肖，“拟声”的手法同时也表现出了原文《关雎》的活泼的感觉，而“turtledoves”既有斑鸠的意思，也有情人的意思，暗示了这首诗为一首情诗，符合原文的意境。许先生用“a good young man”而不是“gentleman”表现出了原文“民俗歌谣”的特点，洒脱，不拘泥于形式。再说音美，译文中第一句的词尾“cooing”和第三句的词尾“wooing”读音相似，第二句的词尾“turtledoves”和第四句词尾“loves”读音相似。在音节上，第一句为七个音节，第二句五个，第三句又是七个，第四句五个。一三句押韵，二四句押韵，读起来朗朗上口，符合“音美”这一特点。第三个特点是“形美”原诗中四字一句，对仗极其工整，译文中也维持在四到六词一句，共四行，和原诗相符。 以上就是我所认为的许渊冲先生的“三美”理论，除了“三美”理论之外，许先生还提出了另外一个著名的翻译理论“三化”理论。“三化”即“深化，等化，浅化”。“深化”就是原文为抽象、一般性的语言，译文则用形象、具体的语言对译，包括加词、分译等。“浅化”是原文为形象、具体的语言，译文则用抽象、一般性的语言对译，包括减词、“合译”等。“等化”基本上是采用直译的方法，原文为形象、具体的语言，译文也用相同形象、具体的语言。原文为抽象、一般性的语言，译文也保持相同抽象、一般性的语言，包括换词、“反译”等方法。以我们课上所学的许先生翻译的李商隐的《无题》为例。“相见时难别亦难，
就业难 It’s very hard for college graduates to find a job, of course harder to get an ideal job. In fact, many factors contribute to the unfavorable situation. First, more and more students can go to college because of the being fast improved high education of China. As a result, there are more graduates every year. However, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard condition. Second, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce. Third, because of the fast development of science, technology, economy, society and the interchange of different nations, all units have higher requirement of their employees, for example, stronger ability and higher degree. In addition to the factors above, there are still more which bring hardship for graduates to find jobs. Nevertheless, how to solve the problem is more important. It is a good idea for the graduates to learn more knowledge with a higher degree and to practice and improve their capability of dealing with all kinds of situation, organization, having good terms with others and cooperative spirit. Besides, the government should try to and encourage all units to create more job vacancies for the college graduates. Of course, the graduates should have a proper attitude towards various jobs, but not always pursue those with higher payment. Volunteer teaching in the west 1. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。 2. 支教活动的意义。
2019年12月英语四级翻译答案：教育投资【真题】 中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期待孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。 【参考范文】 Chinese families attach due importance to children's education. Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated. Not only are they very willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn. The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities. As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in
大学英语四级（CET-4）翻译句子部分 1.Whether he can on receipt of the notification to attend the Conference（他是否能一接到通知便来参加会议）remains unknown to us. 2.With the development of research, some scientists begin Apply theory to practice in the prediction of a disaster（将理论运用到实践中预测灾难） 3.As Chile is a long, narrow country,Temperature changes from North to South great（气温自北向南变化巨大） 4.But for his certain talent for composition,He would have been the group from my（他早就被该组开除了） 5.Although it doesn't matter to me,You should gain the boss agree（你本该事先争得老板的同意） 6.However, the rigid training at my college should Make up for my lack of experience（弥补我工作经验的不足） 7.Over a third of the population was estimated to Lack of access to public medical and health services（无法获得公共医疗卫生服务） 8.After many test（经过多次试验后）, this new-type motor will be put into mass production. 9.Many people think the Internet is a useful and thought-provoking tool,
英语四级翻译押题预测五篇 四级翻译押题预测5篇 微信(WeChat)是一种为用户提供即时通信服务的免费应用程序，用户可以通过该操作平台发送语音短信、视频、图片和文字。微信还内置了＂朋友圈”“摇—摇”“公众号”等服务插件(plug-in) 。现在，微信注册用户正在大幅度增加。微信也正在成为—种越来越重要的文化载体甚至社会载体，以至于当今这个时代被称为“微信时代”。 WeChat is a free App that provides the users with instant communication services. Through the platform of WeChat, people can send voice messages, videos, photos and text messages. WeChat also has such service plug-ins as "Moments" "Shake" and "Official Account". Now, the number of registered WeChat users is increasing dramatically. Wechat is becoming a more and more important cultural carrier or even social carrier, so that the current era is called "The Era of WeChat". 亚洲是世界上最大的洲，聚居着世界上约60％的人口，资源十分丰富，历史源远流长，文化博大精深。20世纪中叶，亚洲的巨变和崛起谱写了亚洲发展的辉煌篇章，也成为人类社会进步的显著标志展望新世纪，曾经拥有光辉灿烂历史的亚洲必将创造出更加绚丽多彩的文明。近年来，在亚洲国家的共同努力下，地区合作意识日益增强，健康、互利的合作局面正在形成。 Asia is the biggest continent in the world. And Asians account for about 60% of the world's population. It has abundant resources and a long history with profound and magnificent cultures. Asia's great changes and tremendous rising in the mid-20th century have written a glorious chapter for its own development, which is also a brilliant hallmark of human progress. Looking into the new century, we believe that Asia, a continent of great history, will create more splendid civilizations. In recent years, thanks to the joint efforts of Asian countries, there has been a growing awareness of regional cooperation, and a situation of healthy and mutually beneficial cooperation is taking shape. 如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这—现象的主要原因如下：首先，许多大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，当他们开始找丁作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争越来越激烈，这导致任何—名大学生找到丁作的机会都变少了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累(accumulate)相关的工作经验。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulty in finding a good job. The main reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: first, many university students spend most of their time at school
参考译文 预测翻译1 Tofu originated in ancient China more than 2,100 years ago. Chinese legend ascribes its invention to Prince Liu An of Huainan. Tofu is beloved by Chinese people, and it is also one of the main foods of East Asian and Southeast Asian such as Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and so on. Up to now, there are many different varieties of tofu, including fresh tofu and bean products. Tofu has very little flavour or smell on its own, so it can be used either in savoury or sweet dishes. And it is a healthy food which contains high calcium, low fat and calories and rich iron. 预测翻译 2 Water resources in China are unevenly distributed. Generally speaking, the south is rich in water while the north is short of this resource; and the east is rich in water whereas the west lacks it. With the increase of population and the development of economy, the problem of water shortage in the north is getting even more serious. One solution is to divert water from one drainage basin to another, namely, from south to north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has the east, middle and west lines. The three lines can be developed by several stages according to national economic development and the existing financial capacity. Today, the east and middle lines have been constructed, while the west line is for a long-term plan. 预测翻译 3 The representative of the unique Fujian dwellings is the Chengqi Building in Gaobei Village, Gaotou Township, Yongding County, Fujian Province. Known as the King of Earthen Buildings, Chengqi Building was created by three generations over a period of some 50 years. In 1981, Chengqi Building was included into the Dictionary of Scenic Sites of China. And in April, 1986, it was listed among the key cultural relics protected at the national level. As well as providing a defense from enemies, Earthen Buildings have the following advantages: quakeproof, fireproof, theftproof, good ventilation and day lighting. Also due to their thickness, the earthen walls help to provide thermal insulation and preservation, which makes the building warm in winter and cool in summer. 预测翻译 4 The hugely popular TV documentary series A Bite of China has been such a surprise hit since first appearance on our TV screens in 2012. Its main ingredient is the clever interweaving of human stories with the preparation of food. There were even some complaints when human characters took up more screen time than the dishes. But still,