Unit１
【中译英】
(1)信号:signal (2)波特率:the baud rate (3)单工:simplex (4)同步:synchronous (5) 信道:communications channel (6) 模拟:analog (7) 数字:digital (8) 电磁的:electromagnetic (9) 串行口:serial port (10) 带宽:bandwidth
【英译中】
(1)baud:波特(2) asynchronous:异步的(3) full duplex:全双工(4) parallel:并行(5) electromagnetic:电磁的
(6) discrete:离散的(7) simultaneously:同时发生地(8) parity:奇偶校验
【句子翻译（英译中）】
1. Since transmitted data can be assigned to different frequencies,the wider the bandwidth,the more the frequencies,and the more data can be transmitted at the same time.
因为传输的数据能被分配到不同频率，所以带宽越宽频率越多，同一时间能被传输的数据就越多。
2. To distinguish where one character stops and another starts,the asynchronous communication mode uses a start and a stop bit.
为了辨别一个字符在什么地方结束而另一个字符在什么地方开始，异步通信模式使用一个起始位和一个结束位。3. More technical manes for the serial port are RS-232C connector and asynchronous communication port.
串行端口技术上又叫做RS-232C连接器和异步通信接口。
【段落翻译（英译中）】
The third is the transmission mode. Transmission modes include the asynchronous mode and the synchronous mode. In the asynchronous transmission mode, individual characters (made up of bits) are transmitted at irregular intervals, for example. When a user enters data. To distinguish where one character stops and another starts, the asynchronous communication mode uses a start and a stop bit. An additional bit called a parity bit is sometimes included at the end of each character. Parity bits are used for error checking. The asynchronous transmission mode is used for lower speed data transmission and is used with most communication equipment designed for personal computers.
第三是传输模式。传输模式包括异步和同步。在异步传输模式中，单独的字符(由比特组成)以不规则的时间间隔传输，例如当用户输入数据时。为了辨别一个字符在什么地方停止而另一个字符在什么地方开始，异步通信模式使用一个起始位和一个停止位。一个称为奇偶位的附加位有时包含在每个字符的末端。奇偶位用于错误校验。异步传输模式用于低速数据传输以及用在设计适合个人计算机的大多数的通信设备中。
[第一段翻译]
The need to communicate is part of man’s nature. Since the beginning of time man has used different techniques and methods to communicate. Circumstances and available technology have dictated the method and means of communications. Date communication concerns itself with the transmission (sending and receiving) of information between two parties. Now let’s learn the foundation knowledge of data communication.
通信是人类固有需求的一部分，人类一开始就使用不同的技术和方式进行交流，而环境和可利用的技术也限定了人类通信的方法和方式。数据通信涉及在通信双方间传递信息。现在我们共同来学习关于数据通信的基本知识。
Unit 3
【中译英】
（1）载波：Carrier Frequencies （2）多路复用：Multiplexing
（3）载波振荡频率：the frequency at which the station’s carrier oscillates （4）频分复用：Frequency Division Multiplexing （5）旋转开关：round-robin scheme （6）时分复用：Time Division Multiplexing
【缩写翻译】
FDM：Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用
TDM：Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用
【句子翻译（英译中）】
（1）In fact，a channel number is merely shorthand for the frequency at which the station’s carrier oscillates.
实际上，频道号码就是电视台载波用的振荡频率的速记。
（2）A receiver configured to accept a carrier at a given frequency will not be affected by signal sent at other frequencies.
一个接收器被设置成接收给定频率的载波，它将不会受其他频率信号的影响（或干扰）。
（3）Frequency Division Multiplexing(FDM) is the technical term applied to a network system that uses multiple carrier frequencies to allow independent signals to travel through a medium.
频分复用（FDM）是使用多个载波频率在一个介质中同时传输多个独立信号的计算机网络系统术语。
（4）In practice, however, two carriers operating at almost the same frequency or at exact multiples of a frequency can interfere with one another.
实际上，两个频率相近或频率成整数倍的载波会彼此干扰。
（5）The mandate for large gape between the frequencies assigned to carriers means that underlying hardware used with FDM can tolerate a wide range of frequencies.
在各载波的频率之间的大间隔意味着FDM所用的硬件能容纳很宽的频率范围。
（6）The general alternative to FDM is time division multiplexing(TDM), in which sources sharing a medium take turns.
与FDM不同的另一种复用形式是时分多路复用（TDM），按这种方式各发送源轮流使用共享的通信介质。【段落翻译（英译中）】
Dividing data into small packets ensures that all sources receive prompt service because it prohibits one source from gaining exclusive access for an arbitrarily long time. In particular, if one source has a few packets to send and the other has many, allowing both sources to take turns sending packets which guarantees that the source with a small amount of data will finish promptly.
将数据分成小包以确保所有的信源都能得到及时服务，因为这时是禁止一个信源获取一个独占的长时服务。尤其是，如果一个信源需要发送的数据包数量较少，而另一个信源需要发送的数据包较多时，采用时间片轮转方式使两个信源轮流发送数据包以确保数据包较少的信源的数据发送能及时完成。
[第一段翻译]
Computer networks that use a modulated carrier wave to transmit data are similar to television stations that used a modulated carrier wave to broadcast video. The similarities provide the intuition needed to understand a fundamental principle: Two or more signals that use different carrier frequencies can be transmitted over a single medium simultaneously without interference.
计算机网络使用调制载波传输数据与电视台使用载波广播视频的方式很类似。这种相似性是理解一个基本原理所必需的直觉。使用不同的载波频率可以在一个传输媒介上传送不互相干扰的两个或更多的信号。
Unit 4
【中译英】
(1)电磁波:Electromagnetic wave (2) 同轴电缆:Coaxial cable (3) 双绞线:twisted-pair wire
(4)微波系统:Microwave system (5) 同步卫星:Satellite system (6) 无线电波饱和度:the saturation of the airwaves 【英译中】
(1)unsheathed:无覆盖的(2) insulator:绝缘体(3) susceptible:易受影响的(4) vicinity:邻近地区(5) curvature:曲度(6)antenna:天线(7) gigahertz:千兆赫(8) nonconductive:不传导的
【句子翻译（英译中）】
（1）The form or method of communications affects the maximum rate at which data can be moved through the channel and the level of noise that will exist...
通信的形式或方法决定着数据可以通过信道传输的最大速度以及会出现的噪声等级......
（2）Obviously，some situations require that data be moved as fast as possible, others don’t.
显然，有时要求数据传输得越快越好，有时则不然。
（3）Understanding how these media function will help you sort out the various rates and charges for them and determine which is the most appropriate in a given situation.
理解这些媒介的性能将帮助你区别不同的速率和费用并决定在一个特定的情况下哪一种是最适合的。
（4）... which limits the practical distance that data can be transmitted without being garbled.
......这限制了数据不失真传输的实际距离。
（5）To be received intact, digital signals must be “refreshed” every one to two miles through the use of an amplifier and related circuits, which together are called repeaters.
数字信号想要完整接收，必须每1~2英里用放大器及相关电路重新放大，这种放大装置称为增音器。
（6）The distance between the towers depends on the curvature of the surface terrain in the vicinity.
两座塔之间的距离取决于附近地表的弯曲程度。
（7）Each tower facility receives incoming traffic, boots the signal strength, and sends the signal to the next station.
每个塔上的设备接收过来的信号，加以放大，并把信号发送到下一个基站。
（8）However. The saturation of the airwaves with microwave transmissions has reached the point where future needs will have to be satisfied by other communications methods, such as fiber optic cables or satellite systems.
但是，当传输微波的空气波达到饱和状态时，必须要有其他方式来满足将来的需要，例如光纤和卫星系统。【段落翻译（英译中）】
Instead of using wire or cables, microwave systems can use the atmosphere as the medium through which to transmit signals. These systems are extensively used for high-volume as well as long-distance communication of both data and voice in the form of electromagnetic waves similar to radio waves but in a higher frequency range. Microwave signals are often referred to as “line of sight”signals because they cannot bend around the curvature of the earth. Instead, they must be relayed from point to point by microwave towers, or relay stations, placed 20 to 30 miles apart. The distance between the towers depends on the curvature of the surface terrain in the vicinity. The surface of the earth typically curves about 8 inches every mile. The towers have either a dish or a horn-shaped antenna. The size of the antenna varies according to the distance signals must cover. A long-distance antenna could easily be 10 feet or larger in size and a dish of 2 to 4 feet in diameter, which you often see on city buildings, is large enough for small distances. Each tower facility receives incoming traffic, boots the signal strength, and sends the signal to the next station.
和用导线及电缆不同，微波系统用大气作为媒介，据此传输信号。这些系统主要用于大批量及长距离的数据和话音通信，类似于无线电波，但频率范围更高。微波信号通常是直线信号，因为它们不能随地球的弯曲而弯曲；相反，它们必须由微波塔或每20～30英里设置的中继站实现点到点的转发。两座塔之间的距离取决于附近地表的弯曲程度。地球表面一般说来每英里弯曲8英寸。微波塔有一个截抛物面天线或一个圆锥形天线。天线的长度随信号需要覆盖的范围而变化。一个长距离天线可达10英尺或更长；直径在2-4英尺的截抛物面天线对于短距离的转发也就足够了，这种天线在城市建筑物顶上能经常看到。每个塔上的设备接收过来的信号，加以放大，并把信号发送到下一个基站。
[第一段翻译]
To go from here to there, date must move through something. A telephone line, a cable, or the atmosphere are all transmission media, or channels. But before the data can be communicated, it must be converted into a form suitable for communication. The three basic forms into which data can be converted for communication are :
(1):Electrical pulses or charges(used to transmit voice and data over telephone lines)
(2):Electromagnetic waves(similar to radio waves)
(3):Pulses of light
数据必须通过某种东西，才能由此及彼。一条电话线，一根电缆，或空气都可称为传输媒介或信道。但是，在数据传输之前，必须转化为适合通信的形式。可以转化为适合通信的三种基本数据形式是:
1.电脉冲和电荷(用于通过电话线传送声音和数据)
2.电磁波(类似于无线电波)
3.光脉冲
Unit 7
【中译英】
(1)光纤：Fiber optic (2)光脉冲：The pulses of light (3)单模光纤：single mode Optical Fiber
(4)多模光纤：multimode Optical Fiber (5)塑料光纤：Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)
【句子翻译（英译中）】
(1)A fiber looks like a common glass cylinder consisting of core and cladding regions.
光纤看上去像一普通玻璃圆柱体，由纤芯和包层组成。
(2)A single mode cable is made up of one or a number of quartz fibers with a diameter of 8.3 μm to 10 μm that has one mode of transmission.
单模光缆由直径为8.3微米至10微米的一条或若干条光线组成，并且只以一种模式进行传输
(3)The step index multimode was the first fiber designed but is too slow for most uses,due to the dispersion caused by the different path lengths of the various modes.
阶跃型多模光纤是首先光线产品，但由于存在多个不同路径长度引起的模式色散从而使得它在大多数的使用中传输速率太低。
(4)The graded index multimode fiber, as the name implies, the refractive index of this fiber gradually decreases from the core out through the cladding to compensate for the different path lengths of the modes.
渐变型多模光纤正如其名，它的折射率从纤芯到包层逐渐减小，以弥补不同路径长度造车你给的模式色散。【段落翻译（英译中）】
By contrast, a multimode fiber has a core diameter that is much large than the wavelength of light transmitted. (The most common size is 62.5 μm). Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable’s core typically 850 nm or 1300 nm. However, in long cable runs( greater than 3000 m), multiple paths of light can cause signal distortion at the receiving end, resulting in an unclear and incomplete data transmission.
与单模光纤相反，多模光纤的纤芯直径远大于传输光波的波长(常用的芯径为62．5gm)。光波在光缆纤芯中传输时的典型波长为850nm或1300nm并被分散成众多的路径和模式。然而，在长距离光缆(超过3000m)传输时，多个路径的光波会在接收端造成信号扭曲、失真，并导致传输数据的不清晰和不完整。
[第一段翻译]
Although satellite systems are expected to be the dominant communication medium for long distances during this decade, fiber optics technology is expected to revolutionize the communications industry because of its low cost, high transmission volume, low arrogate, and message security. Fiber optic cables are replacing copper wire as the major communication medium in buildings and cities. Major communications companies are currently investing huge sums of money in fiber optics communications networks that can carry digital signals, thus increasing communications and capacity.
虽然卫星系统被认为是现阶段长距离通信的主要媒介，但光纤技术被认为是通信工业的革命。因为它具有低廉的价格、较高的传输容量，低误差率以及信息保密等优点。光纤电缆取代铜线成为建筑物和城市的主要的通信媒介，大多数通信公司目前正在投资巨大的资金用于能够传输数字信号的光纤通信网，以便增大信息的容量。
Unit 10
【中译英】
(1)全球通信骨干网：The global telecommunications and networking backbone
(2)波分复用：Wavelength Division Multiplexing
(3)光脉冲：Pulses of light on fiber
(4) 调频无线信道：FM radio channels
(5) 多模畸变：multimode distortion.
(6) 单模玻璃光纤：single-mode glass fiber
【句子翻译（英译中）】
(1)One reason is that a single converter from electrical to optical signals can only make use of a small amount of optic spectrum, limiting the achievable bandwidth to about 2.5 gigabits per second.
一个主要的原因是一台从电信号到光信号的单项转换器只利用很少的光谱就可以把可达到的带宽限制到大约
每秒2.5兆位
(2)With the use of WDM, the capacity of a single strand of fiber, 250 micros in diameter, can carry between 10 and 80 Gbps.
使用WDM，直径为250微米的单股光线的信息载量可在10至80Gpbs之间,......
(3)... while repeaters on a fiber-optic cable can be spaced up to 30 km.
光缆上的中继器（转发器）可以每隔最多30公里放一只。
(4)...often made of plastic, that can be driven by cheap light-emitting diodes, while long distance connections use the more expensive single-mode glass fiber, driven by lasers.
这些光纤通常由塑料做成，可由便宜的发光二极管驱动；而长距离的链接使用更为昂贵的单模玻璃光纤，由激光驱动。
[第一段翻译]
The global telecommunications and networking and networking backbone contain millions of kilometers of
fiber-optical cabling, but we use only one ten-thousandth of the potential bandwidth those cables. One reason is that a single converter from electrical to optical signals can only make use of a small amount of optical spectrum, limiting the achievable bandwidth to about 2.5 gigabits per second.
全球通信骨干网络中包含成千上万公里光纤，但我们只能用这些光缆潜在带宽的千分之一。一个主要的原因是一台从电信号到光信号的单向转换器只利用很少的光谱就可把可达到的带宽限制到大约每秒2.5兆位。
Unit 12
【中译英】
(1) 全球移动通信系统global system of mobile communication
(2) 时分多址Time Division Multiple Access
(3) 传真和短消息服务facsimile and short message service
(4) 率再用和蜂窝裂变frequency reuse and cell splitting
(5) 站收发信机base station transceiver
(6) 突发脉冲传输模式burst transmission mode
【英译中】
(1) personal communications 个人通信(2) communication standards 通信标准
(3) network capacity 网络容量(4) mobile switching center 移动交换中心(5) international roaming 国际漫游(6) broadband services 宽带业务(7) jamming 堵车(8) technical specification 技术规范
[第一段翻译]
The success of mobile systems across the world is a sign that communication is moving towards a more personalized, convenient system. People who have to use a mobile phone on business soon begin to realize that the ability to phone any time, any place in one’s personal life rapidly becomes a necessity, not a convenience .
世界范围移动通信的成功标志着通信正在向着更加个人化、更加方便的通信系统迈进。在商务中需使用移动电话的人们很快就认识到在个人生活中随时随地打电话不仅仅带来了方便, 而且是一种必需。
Unit 14
【中译英】
(1) 模拟-数字-多媒体analog-digital-multimedia (2) 模拟蜂窝技术analog cellular technology
(3) 多重制式标准multiple standards (4) 蜂窝数字分组数据cellular digital packet date
(5) 个人数字蜂窝分组personal digital cellular packet (6) 处处分组packet everywhere
【英译中】
(1) the third generation(3G) 第三代移动通信技术(2) video , audio and other applications 视频，语言和其他应用(3)Internet everywhere处处上网(4) Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式(5) date transmission rates数据传输率[第一段翻译]
3G is the English abbreviation for the 3rd generation mobile communication. In contrast to the first generation analog standard phone (1G) and the second generation GSM, TDMA digital mobile phones (2G), generally, the 3G mobile phones refers to a new generation of the mobile communication systems combining wireless communications and Internet and other multimedia communications.
3G是第三代移动通信的英文缩写。相对于第一代模拟制式手机（1G）和第二代GSM、TDMA数字手机（2G），第三代手机一般来说，是指将无线通信与国际互联网等多媒体通信结合的新一代移动通信系统。
Unit 16
【中译英】
（1）蓝牙技术Bluetooth Technology
（2）无线电通信接口radio interface
（3）微微网piconet
（4）无绳电话或移动式电话cordless phone
（5）头套式送、受话器headset
Unit 21
【句子翻译（英译中）】
(1)Exactly, Internet is a group of networks consisting of hundreds of thousands of networks ( or called network between
networks ) rather than a network.
准确地说，互联网并不是一个网络，而是由数千万个网络组成的网络群体。（网间网）
(2)Through the web, Net users can design captivating, informative presentation combining text, sounds, graphics, and
videos that are easy to use and even entertaining.
通过网络，网络用户可设计出迷人的多信息的交互界面，它不仅简单易用还可以娱乐。
(3)Companies are using push technology to set up their own channels to broadcast important internal information.
公司使用推技术去建立它们自己的通道以广播内部重要的信息。
15个缩写词
1.FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用
2.TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用
3.POF Plastic Optical Fiber 塑料光纤
4.WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing 波分复用
5.GSM global system of mobile communication 全球移动通信系统
6.3G the third generation 第三代移动通信
7.WWW World Wide Web 万维网
8.HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol 超文本传输协议
9.HTML Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言
10.URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器
11.TCP Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议
12.IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议
https://www.doczj.com/doc/bb12528817.html,N Local Area Network 局域网
14.WAN Wide Area Network 广域网
15.TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址
《会计专业英语》模拟试题及答案 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1. Which of the following statements about accounting concepts or assumptions are correct? 1）The money measurement assumption is that items in accounts are initially measured at their historical cost. 2）In order to achieve comparability it may sometimes be necessary to override the prudence concept. 3）To facilitate comparisons between different entities it is helpful if accounting policies and changes in them are disclosed. 4）To comply with the law, the legal form of a transaction must always be reflected in financial statements. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 only D 2 and 3 Johnny had receivables of $5 500 at the start of 2010. During the year to 31 Dec 2010 he makes credit sales of $55 000 and receives cash of $46 500 from credit customers. What is the balance on the accounts receivables at 31 Dec 2010? $8 500 Dr $8 500 Cr $14 000 Dr $14 000 Cr Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s cash flow statement? Yes No Not sure Either Which of the following inventory valuation methods is likely to lead to the highest figure for closing inventory at a time when prices are dropping? Weighted Average cost First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Unit cost 5. Which of following items may appear as non-current assets in a company’s the statement of financial position? (1) plant, equipment, and property (2) company car (3) €4000 cash (4) €1000 cheque A. (1), (3) B. (1), (2) C. (2), (3)
光纤通信 分题型复习 前言 水平有限，仅供参考。如有错误，敬请纠正。 （一）选择填空判断或名词解释 第一章 1、利用光导纤维传输光波信号的通信方式称为光纤通信。 2、属于光波范围之内的电磁波主要包括紫外线、可见光和红外线。目前光纤通信使用的工作波长0.85μm （损耗2dB/km ）,1.31μm （损耗0.5dB/km ）和 1.55μm （损耗0.2dB/km ）（0.8~1.8μm ），对应的频率是167~375THz 。 3、光纤通信系统的形式：强度调制/直接检波（IM/DD ），主要由光发射机，光纤，光接收机，及光中继器组成。（光发射机将电信号转化成光信号耦合进光纤，光接收机将光信号转换成电信号，中继器分为光-电-光和光层上直接进行放大的光放大器）。 4、光纤通信优越性：1、传输频带宽，通信容量大，2、传输损耗小，中继距离长。3、抗电磁干扰能力强。4、光纤细，重量轻，制作资源丰富。 第二章 1、外层的折射率比内层低。折射率高的叫纤芯，其折射率为n 1，直径为2a ，折射率低的叫包层，其折射率为n 2，直径为2b 。n 1>n 2。 2、光纤的分类：1、按光纤横截面折射率分布不同：阶跃型光纤（均匀光纤）和渐变型光纤（非均匀光纤）。2、按纤芯中的传输模式:单模光纤 (直径较小，为4~10μm ，纤芯较小，适合于大容量，长距离)，多模光纤（直径约为50μm ，传输多种模式） 3、反射定律：θ1=θ1'，反射角=入射角。折射定律：n 1 sin θ1=n 2 sin θ2 。 4、全反射的条件： n 1>n 2； θc <θ1<90o 。 5、弱波导光纤：1 21n n -n ≈? 。 6、数值孔径:光纤捕捉光射线能力的物理量，用NA 表示。?=-==2n n n sin 121max 22φNA 7、全反射形成导波的条件：221n n sin 2-≤φ ，是入射角。 8、渐变型光纤的本地数值孔径：()()()a n r n r 22-= NA ， 9、光纤的自聚焦：渐变型光纤中，不同射线具有相同的轴向速度的现象。 10、截止：光纤中出现了辐射模时，即认为导波截止。 11、0 答案（新）1：词义选择 1—5 CBACB 6—10 DBACB 11—15 ACDAB 16—20 DBDBD 21—25 ACDCD 26—30 BBCBA 31—35 BCBAB 36—40 CBBAB 41—45 CDBB C 46—50 CADBB 51—55 ADABB 56—60 CBCBA 61—65 BACDB 66—70 ACDBC 71—75 CBBCC 76—80 BCBCA 81—85 BCBCB 86—90 ACCDC 91—95 DBCDD 96—100 DCAAB 101—105 ABDAD 106—110 BDCAC 111—115 BDDBC 116—120 CABDC 2：词汇填空 1. combat 2. electromagnetic 3. Frequency 4. Infrared 5. operations 6. target 7. situational 8. electronic 9. Radio 10. Intelligence 11. friendly 12. operational 13. ground 14. Asynchronous 15. electronic 16. Technology 17. defense 18. voice 19. defense 20. electronic 21. Tactical 22. Passive 23. Warning 24. Defense 25. Tactical 26. Treaty 27. battlefield 28. Infrared 29. Positioning 30. electronic 31. Frequency 32. Subsystem 33. data 34. Access 35. space warfare 36. Satellite 37. Active 38. battle 39. Intelligence 40. Theater 41. Attack 42. Network 43. attack 44. Global 45. Frequency 46. microwaves 47. directed 48. wire 49. forces 50. security 3：短语翻译 1. communications capacity 2. voice channel 医学专业英语 I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D (40points) 1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A. -ic B. -al C. -ar D. -our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A. -cyte B. cyt/o C. cel/o D. both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A. erythr/o B. immun/o C.hist/o D. vascul/o 4.A- means _____ . A. up B. down C. apart D. without 5.The suffix -itis means _____ . A. infammation B.inflammation C.inflammazed D. instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________ . A. radar B. x-ray C. radio D. both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is ______ . A. –scopy B. –tome C. –meter D. –graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision o f ?” A. –tomy B. -stomy C. –tome D. –ectomy 9. A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______ . A. electroencephogram B. electromyogram C. electrocardiogram D. electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____ . A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______ . A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B and C 13.Which of the following combining forms means blood vessels ? A. vascul/o B. angi/o C. chromat/o D. Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______ . A. crinogenic B. endocrine C. crinologic D. endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as ________ . A. leukocyte B. leukemia C. leukogenesis D. erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________ . A. bronchitis B. pneumonitis C. gastritis D. hepatitis 17.-plasm means ______ . A. treatment B. knowledge C. diagnosis D. growth 18.Mammo/o refers to ______ . A. mother B. thymus gland C. thyroid gland D. breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A. en- B. endo- C. intra- D. none of the above 20._____ means surgical repair of an organ. A. phag/o B. –plasm C. –plasty D. –pathy 广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期 《专业英语》期中考试参考答案 一、单词翻译（英译汉） titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析 reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂 flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化 precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionization constant 电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移 meter 米，公尺，计， 表，仪表 reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞 external 外部的(常与to 搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽 机 in the absence of 缺乏……时， 当……不在时 rotational 转动的，轮流的 at the expense of 归……付费，在 损害……的情况 下 rotational velocity 旋转速度 compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一 股，一串，河流 specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面 streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面 二、单词翻译（汉译英） normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料 correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的 momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液 momentum transfer 动量传递opening 孔 random motion 随机运动，无规则 运动 colloidal particle 胶体微粒 diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置 adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏 vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝ 101. 3 kPa) bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等 、选择题 3. （ D ）是把光信号变为电信号的器件 A. 激光器 B. 发光二极管 C. 光源 D. 光检测器 4. 在系统光发射机的调制器前附加一个扰码器的作用是（ A ） A. 保证传输的透明度 B. 控制长串“ 1”和 “ 0” 题型： 、选择题，共 15小题，总计 30 分 二、填空题，共 20 空，总计 20 分 三、简答题，共 4 小题，总计 20 分 四、计算题，共 3 小题，总计 30 分 1. 光纤通信是以（ 式。 A. 光波 B. 电信号 2. 要使光纤导光必须使（ B ） A. 纤芯折射率小于包层折射率 层 折射率 C.纤芯折射率是渐变的 的 A ）为载体，光纤为传输媒体的通信方 C. 微波 D. 卫星 B. 纤芯折射率大于包 D. 纤芯折射率是均匀 的出现 C. 进行在线无码监测 D. 解决基线漂移 5 传输网最基本的同步传送模块是1 ，其信号速率为（A ）／s。 A. 155520 B.622080 C.2488320 D.9953280 6. 掺铒光纤放大器（）的工作波长为（B ）波段。 A. 1310 B.1550 C.1510 D.850 7. 发光二极管发出的光是非相干光，它的基本原理是（B ）。 A. 受激吸收 B. 自发辐射 C. 受激辐射 D. 自发吸收 8. 下列关于交叉连接设备与交换机的说法正确的是（A ） A.两者都能提供动态的通道连接 B. 两者输入输出都是单个用户话路 C. 两者通道连接变动时间相同 D. 两者改变连接都由网管系统配置 9. 下列不是的主要优点是（ D ） A. 充分利用光纤的巨大资源 B. 同时传输多种不同 类型的信号 C. 高度的组网灵活性，可靠性 D.采用数字同步技术 南京工程学院通信工程学院专业英语复习 P40 Signal Processing Signals commonly need to be processed in a variety of ways. For example,the output signal from a transducer may well be contaminated with unwanted electrical “noise”. The electrodes attached to a patient’s chest when an ECG is taken measure tiny electrical voltage changes due to the activity fo the heart and other muscles. The signal is often strongly affected by “mains pickup”due to electrical interference from the mains supply. Processing the signal using a filter circuit can remove or at least reduce the unwanted part of the part of the signal. Increasing nowadays, the filtering of signals to improve signal quality or to extract important information is done by DSP techniques rather than by analog electronics. 信号通常需要有各种不同的方式处理。例如，来自变压器的输出信号，很可能会受到有害电气“噪声”的污染。当测量由于心脏和其他肌肉活动引起的微小电压变化的心电图时，需要把电极贴在病人的胸部。信号会受到来自电源供应电磁干扰的主检波器的强烈影响，信号处理电路可以使用过滤器消除或减少信号的多余部分。如今越来越多的，信号的滤波以提高信号质量或提取重要信息是由DSP技术而不是模拟电子产品来完成的。 P44 Image Processing Image are signals with special characteristics. First,they are a measure of a parameter over time. Second,they contain a great deal of information.For example,more than 10 megabytes can be required to store one second of television video. This is more than a thousand times greater than for a similar length voice signal. Third,the final judge of quality is often a subjective human evaluation,rather than an objective criterion. These special characteristics have image processing a distinct subgroup within DSP. 图像信号具有特殊特征。首先，他们是在空间（距离）上衡量的一个参数，大多数的信号衡量参数受时间的控制。第二，它们含有大量的信息。例如：超过10兆会被需要存储一秒的电视录像。这超过了一千倍的相似长度的语音信号。第三，质量的最终裁判是人的主观评价，而不是客观评价。这些特点使图像处理成为一个具有DSP芯片的截然不同的子群。 2009 —2010学年第一学期 化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业 《专业英语》期末试卷 1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following (2% for each answer): （1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion: （3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid: （5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯） （7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取)（15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠) （18）zinc oxide: （19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane: （20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析） 2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer): （1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3 （5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3: （7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇: （11）十三烷： （12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury) （13） CH3CHCH CH2 3: （14） CH3CH2CHCOOH CH3: （15） 一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ） 江南大学英语语言文学宾题冋忆版基础英语，词汇部分，有不是专八单词的部分，有点难，修辞， 今年貌似没书上原题，比较简单，改错，专八难度，无选项填空考的是一篇关于命令下达方式的不 太难。阅读，题量很大，3篇10问，不太能真接找到答案，要总结，作文给了马克吐温的一句话写自己的看法。翻译写作，英翻汉两篇，第一篇关于哲学，第二篇叙事，不太难，个别单词比较难。 汉翻英，考了荷塘月色，还有屮国经济可持续发展，发展方式之类的，没有考参考书上的。总Z时 间很紧。南京大学英语语言学2013考研真题冋忆 第一题，与去年相同，依然是术语区分l.fricative vs. affricate 2.meronymy vs. hyponymy 3.positive face vs. negative face 4.sense vs. reference 相比Z下，今年该题偏简单，第一个不清楚，后三个都是很基木的概念，平时复习注意总结，结 合例了用自己的语言表达出来即可。 第二题，依然是二分法 1.inter natio nalizati on 2.The weather in Chicago today is no good for watching cridket. 第三题，选择，要求找出四个选项屮与其他三个选项不同的那个选项，并用一句话解释，共10道题，每题3分，该题大部分部是刘新仁那木语言学第二、第三章的内容，语音，重读，因索，词 类，构词法基本齐一题。另外还考了一道semantic relation,这个基木近儿年每年都考，这个是重 点，也容易理解，这几分一定得拿到手，因为基木上没人失分。最后一道是语用学里的，Speech act theory. 第四题，简答题，给了5个新闻标题，要我们分析，what rules are there when we write elliptical English newspaper headlines? (1) 3 Arrested in New Orleans Hospital (2)Blast Kills 53 in Iraq Holy city (3)Missio n Applauded as Shuttle Returns (4)U.S. at odds with Allies on Mideast Conflicts (5)0ptimism on Both Sides of Gay-marriage Debate 然后再为今夭的考试 写一个新闻标题 第五题，简答题。irre呂ulat verbs n go""come" ,their past-tense are "went""came".再举出两个这样 的例了，然后总结它们的共同特征。并从这些特征研究英语构词法。 第六题,简答题。两种动词，drive, finish.,其中drive可以跟for+ time, finish跟in+time,反Z 不对，分析这两种动词，并用这两个词造两个复杂的句了。 第七题，两个笑话，要用语言学术语分析它们为什么可笑。(1)baby pig -—piglet 然示baby toy 应该是？------- toilet 这个应该是overgeneralization (2)A : William has asked me for a loan of five pouds. Should I be doing right in len ding it to him? B: Certai nly. A: Why? B: Because otherwise he would try to borrow it from me. 这个我实在。。。。 第丿I题，Charterizing learners' English peoficiercy often calls for a meticulous an alysis of their output, writte n or spoke n, in terms of accuracy, complexity, fluency, and idiomaticity. How can the four items be measured spec讦ically? 一. 1 光纤通信的基础：利用光纤进行信息传输的可能性和技术途径，奠定了现代光通信。 光纤通信的载波是光波。光纤通信用的近红外光（波长为0.7-1.7um）频率约为300THZ 频带宽度约为200THZ,在常用的1.31um和1.55um两个波长窗口频带宽度也在20THZ以上. 2 光纤通信的优点：（1）容许频带很宽，传输容量很大（2）损耗很小，中继距离很长且误码率很小（3）重量轻，体积小（4）抗电磁干扰性能好（5）泄漏小，保密性能好（6）节约金属材料，有利于资源合理使用. 二 1 光纤是由中心的纤芯和外围的包层同轴组成的圆柱形细丝. 纤芯的折射率比包层稍高，损耗比包层更低，光能量主要在纤芯内传输. 纤芯和包层的折射率若分别为n1和n2，光能量在光纤中的传输的必要条件：n1>n2 2 按折射率分类：突变型，浙变型按传输模式分：多模光纤，单模光纤 光纤的三种基本类型： （1）突变型多模光纤：纤芯直径2a=50-80um，光线以拆线形状沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播，特点是信号畸变大. 适用于小容量，短距离传输. （2）渐变型多模光纤：纤芯直径2a为50um，光线以正弦形状沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播，特点是信号畸变小，适用中等距离传输，中等容量 （3）单模光纤：纤芯直径只有8-10um，光线以直线型状沿纤芯中心轴线方向传播. 信号畸变小，适合长距离传输方式. 3 光纤传输原理：全反射 数值孔径NA=√（n1*n1-n2*n2)=n1√2△纤芯和包支的相对折射率差△=（n1-n2)/n1 NA表示光纤接收和传输光的能力，NA越大，光纤接收光的能力越强，从光源到光纤的耦合效率越高。NA越大，经光纤传输后产生的信号畸变越大，因而限制了信息传输容量. 时间延迟：θ不大时：τ=n1L/c=(n1L/c )*(1+θ1的平方/2) c为光速 最大入射角θc和最小入射角0： △τ=θc的平方L/2n1c=(NA*NA)L/2n1c=△n1L/c 4 自聚焦效应：不同入射角相应的光线，虽然经历的路程不同，但是最终都会聚在P点上渐变型多模光纤具有自聚焦效应，不仅不同入射角相应的光线会聚集在同一点上，而且这此光线的时间延迟也近似相等。 5 归一化频率：V=√（n1*n1-n2*n2)*2πa/λ 对于光纤传输模式有模式截止，模式远离截止 6 M是模式总数 M=（g/g+2)(akn1)的平方△=（g/g+2)V*V/2 单模传输条件：V=√（n1*n1-n2*n2)*2πa/λ<=2.405 临界波长（截止波长）λc λ<λc 多模传输>单模传输 7 光纤传输特性：（1）损耗（2）色散 色散是在光纤中传输的光信号，包括： 琼州学院 09通信工程专业《专业英语》试卷 2011 ——2012学年度第 1 学期期末考试（ C ）卷答案 注意事项： 1、考前请将密封线内填写清楚 2、所有答案请直接答在试卷上（或答题纸上） 3、考试形式：（闭）卷 4、本试卷共 大题，满分100分。考试时间120分钟 5 一、科技常用词组翻译（本题共20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 1、英翻中 (1)client 客户机 (2)router 路由器 (3)hub 集线器 (4)destination address 目的地址 (5)datagram 数据报 (6)amplify 放大 (7)medium 媒介 (8)information 信息 (9)transmission 传输 (10)multimedia 多媒体 2、中翻英 (1)超链接 hyperlink (2)交易 transation (3)电子商务 E-commerce (4)适配器 adapter (5)调制解调器 modem (6)中国电信 China Telecom (7)数字业务 digital service (8)虚拟现实 virtual reality (9)分组交换网 packet-switching network (10)子网 subnetwork 二、英、中词组正确搭配（每组 1 分，共 10 分） 班 级 姓名 学 号 密 封 装 订 线 1.Bearer channel 数据信道5. 2.Terminal Adapter 处理信号4. 3.analog system 用户设备6. 4.handle signaling 载波信道1. 5.data channel 模拟系统3. 6.customer equipment 终端适配器2. 7.service type 端到端数字连接10. 8.Integrated Services Digital Network 数字交换系统 9. 9.digital switching system 综合业务数字网8. 10.end-to-end digital connectivity 业务类型7. 三、把下面句子翻译成中文（本题共 5 小 题，每题 4 分，共 20 分） 1、Data is a collection of un_organized facts. 数据是无组织的事实的集合. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bb12528817.html,rmation is data that is organized ,has meaning,and is useful. 信息是有组织的,有意义的和有用的数据. 3.The system unit is a box-like case made of metal or plastic. 系统单元是金属或塑料制成的象盒般的箱子. 4.Storage hold data,instruction,and information for future use. 存储器保存数据,指令和信息以便将来使用. 5.Modems are available as both external and internal devices. 调制解调器可作为内部或外部的设备. 1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc通信英语复习资料(答案)
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