摘要。本研究开发的手持设备和低成本的数字全息显微镜（DHM）采用直列式全息图，一个摄像头，一个高功率RGB发光二极管（LED），和一个针孔。它的成本不到20000日元（约250美元在80日元/美元），约为120毫米和80毫米55毫米××在尺寸。此外，通过调整一个全息图的记录距离，横向在最合适的距离分辨率为17.5μM.此外，这种分布式水文模开发中使用的开放源代码库，因此是低成本和可容易被任何人了。在这项研究中，它的功能是降低成本和尺寸以提高横向分辨率进一步比现有的报告。这DHM将在现场，一个有用的应用教育，等等。关键词DHM，手持设备，成本低，网络摄像头，高功率RGB LED
手持设备和低成本的数字全息显微镜
简介
显微镜技术被应用在各种领域：（1）由于其高分辨率，（2）广泛的领域来看，和（3）的三维观测。光学显微镜的分辨率可以提高使用高透镜放大。然而，视野变窄。这在理论上是困难的用光学显微镜解决这个问题。数字全息显微术（DHM）试图利用光学原理不同，解决这个问题显微镜[ 1，2 ]。介绍了全息技术在显微镜技术原理，提供一个高分辨率和广泛的视野，例如参考文献[ 3 ]。此外，或使物体三维的观察。虽然DHM的光学系统是大型和昂贵的，低成本的分布式水文模型系统已报道的[ 4，5 ]。这两项研究使用的是数码相机的消费者为一个全息图记录装置。文献[ 4 ]，建立了光学系统数码相机由佳能，激光二极管，和一些镜头。成本约1000美元，实现了横向2.8μM.系统分辨在光轴方向尺寸约35厘米。文献[ 4 ]是第一个提出了用数码相机为消费者提供低成本的分布式流域水文模型。然而，该系统不利于手持大小，和成本略高。此外，实时重建是困难的因为系统采用数码相机消费者在我们的研究中，我们成功地降低了成本和DHM的大小。成本较低超过20000日元（约240美元在83日元/美元），它大约是×120毫米80毫米55毫米大小×。此外，通过调整记录距离一个全息图，在最合适的距离的横向分辨率17.5μM因此，本文在田野调查的DHM，教育是有用的，等等。此外，我们可以通过使用一个网络摄像头和图像的实时获取图像重建处理单元（GPU）加速[ 6 ]。
本文的结构如下。2部分，介绍了记录一种全息重建方法。3节和4解释硬件配置和使用的软件。5部分评价系统。最后一节讨论了研究结果并提出了进一步的研究。
2。记录和再现方法
本研究的目的是实现价格的降低和缩小DHM。因此，我们采用直列式或作为全息图记录装置，不需要光学零件，如镜片[ 7，8 ]。的直插式DHM的概念图图1所示。因此，没有必要将物光和参考光不像在Mach森德型DHM，从而降低了透镜的成本。接下来，我们解释的重建技术。在分布式水文模型，计算机模拟执行从一个全息图重构。在这里，为了追求实时重建，有必要改变光的传播公式为手持设备和低成本的数字全息显微镜
Figure 1. Conceptual figure of in-line type DHM.
这是很容易控制的计算机。角谱法，菲涅耳衍射，夫琅禾费衍射，等等都是近似技术。这些都是正确的根据条件，如传播距离。为了实现精简DHM，是本研究的目的，有必要缩短
对象和全息图的边之间的距离（电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机）。因此，我们采用角谱方法，这是有效的的对象和全息图的边的距离很短。角谱法如下图所示。
在这里，该算子F [·]和[ ] 1 F?·表明傅里叶逆傅里叶变换，和下标X，Y，Z表示，水平，垂直，深度和组件。（，）和（X，Y）的全息图面和观察面坐标，分别。D是全息图的边观察边之间的距离，和是光的波长。Fx，Fy和Fz的空间频率成分每个轴，和FZ如下。
如果我们计算使用角谱方法，离散傅里叶变换（DFT）计算规模大，在高速的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）。因此，它是可能的执行和记录的全息图重建计算机仿真，如果我们使用GPU 的重建，可实时。
Handheld and low-cost digital holographic microscopy
Figure 2. Composition of the handheld DHM system to create.
3。硬件设计
为了实现低成本和裁员的分布式水文模型，我们建立了硬件如图2。我们使用一个网络摄像头C910摄像头，由Logicool，为CCD相机和被聚焦的图像在网络摄像头的镜头CCD相机由于镜头不是DHM的应用需要。的分辨率此Web摄像头拍摄的1920×1080像素。使用商用网络摄像机，成本可以大幅降低。的ostcxbc1c1s，是一种高功率RGB—
发光二极管（LED）由optosupply，作为光源。这LED的特点，允许一个350毫安的电流是通过它的能力。另一个特征是具有三个波长，470 nm，525 nm，625 nm。这光
LED作为穿过针孔点光源。的直径针孔是5μM（由光洋针孔产品编号是2412）。虽
针孔一般位于物镜焦面，在我们的研究中，该完美的无透镜光学系统的使用而不是降低成本的物镜。作为一个替代，针孔直接连接到LED。
此外，为了调整光源，距离的对象，和一个CCD相机，使用可变长度的支持。实际DHM 系统显示在图3。当记录全息图，图3的实际DHM系统安装在一个阴影的情况下。
4。软件设计
用于记录全息图和全息图的重建软件是必需的。opencv [ 9 ]，这是开放源代码库，由英特尔开发和发布，用于记录的全息图。利用opencv，一个网络摄像头控制和编辑一个记录的全息图进行。此外，它是必要的计算从光的衍射的全息图重建。
手持设备和低成本的数字全息显微镜
图3。DHM系统照片。（一）没有阴影的情况下DHM系统。（b）
手持DHM系统。
Table 1. Parts used and costs for the DHM system.
parts costs[yen]
CCD camera 7,092
high power RGB-LED 500
针孔9,800
阴影的情况下1,400
total 18,792
因此，CWO + +库，一种光学计算的开源库，使用[ 10 ]。催化湿式氧化+ +图书馆设有几个命令时使用的光学计算。因此，本研究采用角谱法计算在CPU或GPU计算的一个简单的描述。因此，利用OpenCV和CWO + +库是免费的，使编程简化和改进在计算速度。
5。性能
5.1。成本和尺寸零件的使用成本，如表1所示。如表1所示，它是由不到20000日元（约250美元在80日元/美元）。此外，该大小或等于遮光箱子的尺寸，它是120毫米80毫米55××mm。
Handheld and low-cost digital holographic microscopy
图4。元素5集团4的美国空军测试目标数的全息图
图5。元素5集团4的美国空军的号码图像重建测试目标。
5.2。横向分辨率的功率测量
为了测量创造了这个DHM系统横向分辨率研究中，采用USAF1951测试模式。此外，与短的蓝色光波长作为光源。提高横向分辨率，我们调整位置的CCD摄像机和使用可变长度的对象支持。在这个系统中，横向分辨率是最高时的距离从光源到对象为3毫米，从光源的距离对CCD摄像机为13毫米。在这种情况下，记录全息图所示图4。此外，从图4得到的重建图像显示图5。图4和图5显示，那些已经解决了阵元数54组数。如上所述，本DHM的横向分辨率，功率为17.5μM
6。结论与讨论
在这项研究中，我们降低了成本或小于20000日元（约250在80日元/美元美元），并减少了大小120毫米80毫米55毫米××。这个DHM的横向分辨力为17.5μM。
DHM裁员实地调查是有用的，在原理和使用一个开放的成本降低手持设备和低成本的数字全息显微镜7源库的教育环境，有很大的好处。此外，由于对RGB LED光源用在这项研究中，不同波长可以控制。这是适用于使用两个波数字全息波前复原[ 2 ]，两波拉普拉斯重建[ 11 ]，或两个波拉普拉斯重建[ 12 ]。在这项研究中，由于采用角谱方法，重建图像可以在相同的分辨率得到的全息图。缩放的角谱方法[ 13 ]，可以计算在不同采样率对全息图衍射重建的图像是有用的因为它能够观察这个DHM系统一个详细的重建图像与一个较小的采样率对重建图像。添加这样一个功能，方便今后的学习或提高考虑。
英语演讲稿及翻译(精选多篇) 第一篇：英语演讲稿范文有翻译 英语演讲稿范文有翻译 dearstudents,ourwayoflifeisalwayssunny,blueskies,whichint heendthemostdazzlingrayofsunlight?itwassaidtobeexcellentacade micperformance,itwassaidtobegiventohelpothers......andithinkt hatourwayoflifeofthemostbrilliantsunshineshouldbereportedtobe longtothetemplemap,helpustogrowthankstoeveryone.yes,theinstit uteofthanksgivingisafeeling,theinstituteofthanksgiving,butals oacharacter. asteachersandourstudents,themostimportantgratitudeisascho ol.schoolstogiveusabiggrowthstageoflife:brightandspaciousclas srooms,newdesksandchairs,air-conditionedandwell- being,aswellasmulti- mediafacilities,hasprovideduswithanattractivelearningenvironm ent.readonebookbrightandcleanrooms,providesuswithknowledgeoft hemarinetour;flatbeautifulbigplayground,provideduswithagoodpl acefortheexercise,andpotteryroom,computerroom,danceroom,multi - purposehall,andsoon,noschoolisnotoutofdevotiontoourselflelove!
英语励志演讲稿带翻译范文 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ 励志的英语演讲稿篇一：I have a dream today.抓牢你的梦想I have a dream that one day every vally shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. Wow, what a dream it has been for Martin Luther King. But the changing world seems telling me that people gradually get their dreams lost somehow in the process of growing up, and sometimes I personally find myself saying goodbye unconsciously to those distant childhood dreams. However, we meed dreams. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers as well as ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. When we were little kids, we all dreamed of doing something big and splashy, something significant. Now what we
关于基于FPGA的波形发生器论文翻译的译文 FPGA 技术介绍 概述 场域可程式化闸阵列(FPGA) 技术正持续发展，而全世界FPGA 市场的产值，则预估可从2005 年的19 亿美金提升到2010 年的27 亿 5 千万美金。FPGA 是在1984 年由Xilinx 公司所发明，从简单的胶合逻辑(Glue logic) 晶片，演变为可取代客制的特定应用积体电路(ASIC) 与处理器，适用于讯号处理与控制应用。为何FPGA 技术如此成功？此篇文章将介绍FPGA，并说明数项让FPGA 如此独特的优点。 何谓FPGA？ 最笼统来说，FPGAs 即为可再程式化的晶片。透过预先建立的逻辑区块与可程式化路由资源，不需更改面包板或焊锡部分，即可设定这些晶片以建置客制硬体功能。使用者可于软体中开发数位运算系统(Computing task) 并将之编译为组态档案或位元流(Bitstream)，可包含元件接线的相关资讯。此外，FPGA 完全为可重设性质，当使用者重新编译不同的电路设定时，可立刻拥有不同的特性。在过去，工程师必须深入了解数位硬体设计，才能够使用FPGA 技术。然而，高阶设计工具的新技术可针对图形化程式区或 C 程式码，转换为数位硬体电路，即变更了FPGA 程式设计的规则。 FPGA 整合了ASIC 与处理器架构系统的最佳部分，使FPGA 晶片可应用于所有产业。FPGA 具有硬体时脉的速度与可靠性，且其仅需少量即可进行作业；可降低客制化ASIC 设计的费用。可重新程式设计的晶片，具有与软体相同的弹性，却不受限于处理核心的数量。与处理器不同的是，FPGA 为实际的平行架构，因此不同的处理作业并不需要占用相同资源。每个独立的处理作业均将指派至专属的晶片区块，不需影响其他逻辑区块即可自动产生功能。因此，当新增其他处理作业时，应用某部分的效能亦不会受到影响。 FPGA 技术的5 大优点 效能–透过硬体的平行机制，FPGA 可突破依序执行(Sequential execution) 的固定运算，并于每时脉循环完成更多作业，以超越数位讯号处理器(DSP) 的计算功能。BDTI 为着名的分析公司，并于某些应用中使用DSP 解决方案，以计算FPGA 的处理效能2。于硬体层级控制I/O 可缩短回应时间并特定化某些功能，以更符合应用需求。
英语演讲稿带翻译5篇 Most people would like to be popular with others， but not everyone can achieve this goal. What is the secret to popularity？ In fact， it is very simple. The first step is to improve our appearance. We should always make sure that we stay in good shape and dress well. When we are healthy and well-groomed， we will not only look better but also feel better. In addition， we should smile and appear friendly. After all， our facial expression is an important part of our appearance. If we can do this， people will be attracted to our good looks and impressed by our confidence. Another important step is developing more consideration for others. We should always put others first and place their interests before our own. It＇s also important to be good listeners； in this way people will feel comfortable enough to confide in us. However， no matter what we do， we must not gossip. Above all， we must remember to be ourselves， not phonies. Only by being sincere and respectful of others can we earn their respect. If we can do all of the above， I am sure popularity will come our way. 如何才能受人欢迎 大部分的人都想受人欢迎，但是并非每个人都能达到目标。受欢迎的秘诀何在？事实上是很简单的。步骤一，先改善我们的外表。我们得确保自己很健康， 并且穿着体面。当我们既健康又穿戴整齐时，不仅看起来更有精神，自己也会觉 得好多了。此外，我们要保持微笑并表现得很友善。毕竟，脸部表情是外观很重 要的一环。如果我们能做到这一点，别人会被我们的美好外表所吸引，并对我们
We Are The World ,We Are The Future Someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. I don’t know who wrote these words, but I’ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. We are all in the position of the farmers. If we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all. We are young. “How to spend the youth?”It is a meaningful question. To answer it, first I have to ask “what do you understand by the word youth?”Youth is not a time of life, it’s a state of mind. It’s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees. It’s the matter of the will. It’s the freshness of the deep spring of life. A poet said “To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour. Several days ago, I had a chance to listen to a lecture. I learnt a lot there. I’d like to share it with all of you. Let’s show our right palms. We can see three lines that show how our love.career and life is. I have a short line of life. What about yours? I wondered whether we could see our future in this way. Well, let’s make a fist. Where is our future? Where is our love, career, and life? Tell me.Yeah, it is in our hands. It is held in ourselves. We all want the future to be better than the past. But the future can go better itself. Don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened. From the past, we’ve learnt that the life is tough, but we are tougher. We’ve learnt that
we are the world ,we are the future someone said ?°we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite?±. i don?t know who wrote these words, but i?ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. we are all in the position of the farmers. if we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest. if we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all. we are young. ?°how to spend the youth??± it is a meaningful question. to answer it, first i have to ask ?°what do you understand by the word youth??± youth is not a time of life, it?s a state of mind. it?s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees. it?s the matter of the will. it?s the freshness of the deep spring of life. youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease. this often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . nobody grows old merely by a number of years . we grow old by deserting our ideals. years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul . worry , fear , self ¨Cdistrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust . whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ?s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what?s next and the joy of the game of living . in the center of your heart and my heart there?s a wireless station : so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young . a poet said ?°to see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour. several days ago, i had a chance to listen to a lecture. i learnt a lot there. i?d like to share it with all of you. let?s show our right palms. we can see three lines that show how our love.career and life is. i have a short line of life. what about yours? i wondered whether we could see our future in this way. well, let?s make a fist. where is our future? where is our love, career, and life? tell me.yeah, it is in our hands. it is held in ourselves. we all want the future to be better than the past. but the future can go better itself. don?t cry because it is over, smile because it happened. from the past, we?ve learnt that the life is tough, but we are tougher. we?ve learnt that we can?t choose how we feel, but we can choose what about it. failure doesn?t mean you don?t have it, it does mean you should do it in a different way. failure doesn?t mean you should give up, it does mean you must try harder. as what i said at the beginning, ?°we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite?±. the past has gone. nothing we do will change it. but the future is in front of us. believe that what we give to the world, the world will give to us. and from today on, let?s be the owners of ourselves, and speak out ?°we are the world, we are the future.?±?a?t￡o3·??óà???ó￠ó??Y?2?? 3·??óà???ó￠ó??Y?2?? ?Y?2??ò?￡o3·??óà???ó￠ó??Y?2?? you will no longer fear making new sounds, showing new facial expressions, using your body in new ways,approaching new people, and
完整户口本英文翻译 WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-
ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorney ship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.
优秀英语演讲稿带翻译3篇 优秀英语演讲稿带翻译篇1 we are busier and busier now. sometimes we just feel stressed and painful and we forget to smile. please smile! smile to others around you. smile to the world! smile is important in our life. for ourselves, smile can make us happy and relaxed when we are sad or stressed. when you smile, the world in your eyes are better.for others, smile can make others feel comfortable and relaxed and they will like you. also, smile can bring you success. i once read a story. a salesman tried his best to sale things but always failed before. then he learned how to smile. he smiled all the time and others felt he was so kind and his smile was so attractive that they all wanted to but his things. finally, the man became successful. no matter you are happy or sad, do it now. the power of a smile is large. it can make all of us feel happy including yourself. smile to the world, to others and to everything. 我们现在忙,忙。有时我们只是感到压力和痛苦,我们忘了微笑。请微笑!对别人微笑。向世界微笑! 微笑在我们的生活中是很重要的。对于自己,微笑可以使我们快乐和放松当我们悲伤或压力。当你微笑的时候,世界在你眼中更好。对另一些人来说,微笑可以让别人感到舒
英语励志演讲稿带翻译 英语励志演讲稿带翻译篇1 Saying goodbye to childhood，we step into another important time in the pace of young，facing new situations，dealing with different problems..... everyone has his ownunderstanding of young，it is a period of time of beauty and wonders，only after you have experienced the sour ，sweet ，bitter and salty can you really become a person of significance.thre time of young is limitted，it may pass by without your attention，and when you discover what has happened ，it is always too late.grasping the young well means a better time is waiting for you in the near future，or the situation may be opposite . having a view on these great men in the history of hunmanbeing，they all made full use of their youth time ，to do things that are useful to society，to the whole mankind，and as a cosquence ，they are remembered by later generations，admired by everyone.so do something in the time of young，although you may not get achievements as these greatmen did ，though not for the whole word，just for youeself，for those around!
My Chinese Dream(我的中国梦) I am very glad to stand here to give thier a short speech.Today my topic is that the youth are the future of motherland(我很荣幸站在这里做这篇短 小的演讲，我演讲的主题是青年是祖国的未来。) When preparing for the English speech contest, I simply want to search some articles as the contents of my speech. I read a lot of articles, some from the university professor, some from the famous host, some from the college students, and even from junior high school students. But after reading it, I gave up the idea, I even felt shameful. Today,the topic I want to talk about is a solemn and serious theme full of glory and pride, which is a common aspiration of all our Chinese. Every Chinese has his own dream of China, and of course, there is a dream lingering in my heart only belongs to my own.(在准备英语演讲比赛的时候，我本想简单地从网上搜索一些 文章作为我演讲的内容。我看过很多文章，有著名主持人的、北大教授的、大学生的，也有初中生的。但是看完之后，我放弃了当初的想法，我甚至为当初的想法感到有一些羞愧。因为今天我站在这里向大家演讲的主题，是一个庄重而严肃的主题；是一个充满荣耀与自豪的主题；是每一个中华儿女共同期盼的主题。每个人都有属于他们自己的中国梦，而我，当然也有一直萦绕在心怀只属于我的中国梦。) So what’s my Chinese dream ? Finall y I will announce. We had learned a lot of knowledge and understood a lot of truth in the book. We had a basic concept to our country at that time. We know that our country is full of sunshine , and we are the future of our country, and our dreams are to be the hope of our motherland.我的中国梦是什么样的？先卖 个关子。记得刚刚上学那会儿，我们天真无邪。在课本里，我们学到了很多很多知识，也明白了很多很多道理，我们对祖国也有了一个最基本的概念。我们知道我们的祖国到处充满阳光，正在慢慢发展，而我们，就是祖国未来的花朵，未来的希望。我们梦想将来能够
UNIT 1 What Are Polymers? 第一单元什么是高聚物？ 什么是高聚物？首先，他们是络合物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种（分子量）化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面，独立的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同(分子量)化合物组成的聚合物。 许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复”，mer意味着“链节、基体”（希腊语中）。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯（合成橡胶）的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程： 丁二烯＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯 （4000次） 因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质（单体）如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子（高聚物）。实质上，正是由于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于像苯这样的一般化合物(的性能)。1例如，固态苯，在5.5℃熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热，不会转变成各种气体，但它不再是聚乙烯（如图1.1）。 固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯 加热，5.5℃加热，80℃ 固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯 加热加热 图1.1 低分子量化合物（苯）和聚合物（聚乙烯）受热后的不同行为发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。例如，让我们研究一下，将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。盐，代表一种低分子量化合物，在水中达到点（叫饱和点）溶解，但，此后，进一步添加盐不进入溶液中却沉到底部而保持原有的固体状态。饱和盐溶液的粘度与水的粘度不是十分不同，但是，如果我们用聚合物替代，譬如说，将聚乙烯醇添加到固定量的水中，聚合物不是马上进入到溶液中。聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生形变，经过很长的时间以后，（聚乙烯醇分子）进入到溶液中。2同样地，我们可以将大量的聚合物加入到同样量的水中，不存在饱和点。将越来越多的聚合物加入水中，认为聚合物溶解的时间明显地增加，最终呈现柔软像面团一样粘稠的混合物。另一个特点是，在水中聚乙烯醇不会像过量的氯化钠在饱和盐溶液中那样能保持其初始的粉末状态。3总之，我们可以讲（1）聚乙烯醇的溶解需要很长时间，（2）不存在饱和点，（3）粘度的增加是典 型聚合物溶于溶液中的特性，这些特性主要归因于聚合物大分子的尺寸。 如图1.2说明了低分子量化合物和聚合物的溶解行为。 氯化钠晶体加入到水中→晶体进入到溶液中.溶液的粘度不是十分不同于充分搅拌 水的粘度→形成饱和溶液.剩余的晶体维持不溶解状态.加入更多的晶体并搅拌氯化钠的溶 解 聚乙烯醇碎片加入到水中→碎片开始溶胀→碎片慢慢地进入到溶液中允许维持现状 充分搅拌→形成粘稠的聚合物溶液.溶液粘度十分高于水的粘度继续搅拌聚合物的溶解
英语演讲稿及翻译 we are the world ,we are the future someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. i don’t know who wrote these words, but i’ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. we are all in the position of the farmers. if we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest. if we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all. we are young. “how to spend the youth?” it is a meaningful question. to answer it, first i have to ask “what do you understand by t he word youth?” youth is not a time of life, it’s a state of mind. it’s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees. it’s the matter of the will. it’s the freshness of the deep spring of life. a poet said “to see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour. several days ago, i had a chance to listen to a lecture. i learnt a lot there. i’d like to share it with all of you. let’s show our right palms. we can see three li nes that show how our love.career and life is. i have a short line of life. what about yours? i wondered whether we could see our future in this way. well, let’s make a fist. where is our future? where is our love, career, and life? tell me.yeah, it is in our hands. it is held in ourselves. we all want the future to be better than the past. but the future can go better itself. don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened. from the past, we’ve learnt that the life is tough, but we are tougher. we’ve learnt that we can’t choose how we feel, but we can choose what about it. failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it, it does mean you should do it in a different way. failure doesn’t mean you should give up, it does mean you must try harder. as what i sai d at the beginning, “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. the past has gone. nothing we do will change it. but the future is in front of us. believe that what we give to the world, the world will give to us. and from today on, let’s be the owners of ourselves, and speak out “we are the world, we are the future.”
英语演讲稿1分半励志带翻译 英语演讲稿随着时代的发展，演讲技能已经变成一种基本技能。同时，演讲的艺术性也越来越受重视。关于英语演讲稿1分半励志带翻译的有哪些呢?下面是xx为你整理的内容，希望对你有帮助。 篇一I have a dream that one day every vally shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. Wow, what a dream it has been for Martin Luther King. But the changing world seems telling me that people gradually get their dreams lost somehow in the process of growing up, and sometimes I personally find myself saying goodbye unconsciously to those distant childhood dreams. However, we meed dreams. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers as well as ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. When we