Untranslatable words highlight the rich diversity of the ethnosphere. Geography, climate, cuisine, religion, history and humor are just some of the factors that lead every language to invent such unique and specific words – the outliers of the human
experience.
不可译的词语凸显了世界民族文化的多样性。地理环境、气候条件、饮食习惯、宗教信仰、历史人文和通俗幽默等等因素的综合作用使每种语言都生产出独特的个性化的词语——它们是人类生活经验的外层显现。
There are so many great examples of untranslatable words. Here are the first seven. 世界上有许多经典的不可译介的单词，以下是首当其冲的七个。
1.abbiocco (Italian)
abbiocco（意大利语）
noun: that sleepy feeling you get after a big meal
名词：指在你大餐一顿之后感到的困乏感
Everyone has succumbed to drowsiness after a meal at one time or another, but only the Italians have enshrined the phenomenon in a single word. When you wish you could take a nap after lunch, you’re “having the abbiocco” (avere l’abbiocco).
每个人都有过吃饱饭后昏昏欲睡的感觉，但只有意大利人将这种现象上升为了一个单词。当你吃完午饭想要睡个午觉的时候，你就“有一个abbiocco”。
2.desenrascan?o (Portuguese)
desenrascan?o（葡萄牙语）
noun: the ability to improvise a quick solution
名词：指能够对一个问题快速做出即时反应的能力
Desenrascan?o is the M.O. of any high-functioning procrastinator. Not only does it mean to solve a problem or complete a task, it means doing so with a completely improvised solution.
Desenrascan?o是一切拖延症患者临时抱佛脚时的惯用手法。这个词不单单指解决一个问题或完成一个任务，而是指用完全即兴的手法来完成任务。
3.hyggelig (Danish)
hyggelig（丹麦语）
adj: comfy, cozy; intimate; contented
形容词：感到舒服、舒适；体己；满足
Do you ever wish there was one word to combine everything snuggly, safe, friendly and caring? The Danes have you covered with hyggelig. The word is used so often in daily life that many Danes consider it part of the national character.
你是不是也有过这样的愿望，希望能有一个词概指所有让人感觉舒服、安全、友好、
温暖的东西？丹麦人用hyggelig这个词满足了你的要求。这个词在丹麦人的日常生活
中使用频率非常之高，丹麦人将其看成是他们民族性格标志之一。
4.sobremesa (Spanish)
sobremesa（西班牙语）
noun: after-lunch conversation around the table
名词：指午饭后坐在桌边的闲聊
The Spanish are known for enjoying long meals together, but eating isn’t just about food. When you stay at the table after lunch in order to savor a final course of stimulating conversation, you are indulging in sobremesa.
人人都知道西班牙人很喜欢一群人一起吃一顿长长的午餐，不过吃午餐却并不只是吃
的问题。当你吃完午饭，留在桌前享受着最后一道菜——兴奋愉悦的谈话时，你正在
享受sobremesa。
5.utepils (Norwegian)
utepils（挪威语）
noun: a beer you drink outside
名词：指你在室外享用的一杯啤酒
Norwegians must endure a long, dark winter before they can enjoy the brilliant, but brief, summer. So a beer that you can drink outside, while absorbing the sun’s glorious rays, is not just any old beer.
对挪威人来说，他们必须熬过漫长、黑暗的冬季，才能享受灿烂而短暂的夏日。所以，当你能够在户外享受着太阳温暖的光芒，喝上一杯啤酒的时候，这杯啤酒就绝不仅仅
是啤酒了。
6.verschlimmbessern (German)
verschlimmbessern（德语）
verb: to make something worse when trying to improve it
动词：指想要做好某事却反而弄巧成拙
We’ve all done this before: by trying to fix a small problem we create a bigger problem. Perhaps you tried to repair a flat tire on your bike, and now the wheel won’t turn? Or after reinstalling Windows your laptop freezes every time you boot up? Oh no, don’t tell me you tried to fix that bad haircut yourself!
我们都做过这样的事情：想要解决一个小问题，结果却制造了一个大问题。是不是有
这种情况，你本想修一下爆胎的自行车，结果却发现车轮不转了？又是不是有这种情况，当你重装了windows系统之后，你的笔记本电脑却一开机就卡壳？哦，别告诉我你觉得理发效果不满意，就要自己亲自操刀！
7.yakamoz (Turkish)
yakamoz (土耳其语)
noun: the reflection of moonlight on water
名词：指水面上月亮的倒影
No matter which language you speak, from time to time you probably admire the moon’s reflection on a body of water. But unless you’re Turkish it’s impossible to describe this beauty with a single word.
无论你说哪种语言，你一定经常对水面上月亮的倒影生出怜爱之情。然而你却不能用
一个单词来描述这种美景，除非你是土耳其人。
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翻译中词汇的理解与表达 翻译时，译者只有对原作有透彻的理解，才能用译文语言准确地把它复述出来。理解主要是通过原文的上下文来进行。 一、词汇含义的理解 1．名词：It is the two superpowers that should be responsible for the hostilities in the Middle East．应对中东战争（×敌对状态）负责的是两个超级大国。有一些名词，特别是抽象名词的单数变成复数后，意义是不一样的。“hostility“enmity “ill will“敌意”“敌视”解，但“hostilities“war“战争”解。 2．动词：They were obviously quite impressed by the arguments that the Chinese were advancing．他们对中国人提出的（×正在前进）这种论点显然颇为赞同。 to advance作不及物动词用是“come or go forward“前进”，在这里作及物动词用是“put forward“提出”，宾语是arguments，应译为“提出论点”，that the Chinese were advancing是arguments的定语从句，而不是它的同位语从句。 3．副词：The basketball team was organized two years ago and it has yet to win a single game．这个篮球队两年前成立，还没赢过（×还得赢）一次比赛。这里yet与不定式连用，含有“到目前为止还没有做某事”的意义虚词虽没有实际意义，在句中不能独立担任任何成分，可是由于误解虚词而引起的误译却也不少。 4．冠词：Awoman with child goton the bus．一位孕妇（×妇女带
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup） 一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement） 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder
阿基米德蜗杆Ａrcｈiｍedes wｏrm?安全系数ｓaｆｅtｙｆactｏｒ；faｃｔｏｒof safety 安全载荷ｓaｆe loaｄ?凹面、凹度coｎｃavitｙ?扳手ｗｒｅnch ?板簧flaｔleａf ｓprｉｎg 半圆键woｏdｒuｆｆkeｙ?变形ｄeformａtion 摆杆oscilｌating ｂａr 摆动从动件oｓcillａting ｆolｌowｅr 摆动从动件凸轮机构ｃam with ｏｓcilｌａｔing ｆolloｗer?摆动导杆机构oｓciｌｌａtiｎg guidｅ-bar meｃｈanism?摆线齿轮ｃycloidaｌgeaｒ 摆线齿形cycｌoiｄal toｏth proｆile 摆线运动规律cｙcｌoｉｄａl mｏtiｏｎ 摆线针轮cycloidal-ｐin ｗｈeeｌ?包角aｎｇlｅｏf ｃｏntact?保持架ｃagｅ 背对背安装bａck-to-baｃkａrrangement?背锥bａck cone ；nｏrｍaｌcoｎe?背锥角back aｎgle?背锥距ｂack ｃoｎe distance 比例尺sｃale 比热容specｉfｉc heatｃapａcity 闭式链ｃlosed kｉnｅmatｉc chaiｎ?闭链机构clｏsed chaiｎmecｈａnism?臂部ａrｍ 变频器frequency cｏnｖｅrｔers 变频调速fｒequency cｏntrｏｌｏf motｏr speeｄ?变速ｓpeed chaｎｇe?变速齿轮ｃhan ｇeｇear ; ｃhange ｗｈeeｌ?变位齿轮modiｆied gｅar?变位系数ｍodｉｆication coefｆic ｉenｔ?标准齿轮sｔandarｄgear 标准直齿轮standard ｓpur gｅａr?表面质量系数supｅrfｉcial mass fａctｏr?表面传热系数sｕrface cｏefficiｅnt of hｅat traｎｓfer 表面粗糙度surｆａｃe roｕｇｈness?并联式组合cｏmbinａｔion in paｒaｌｌel?并联机构p ａｒａlｌel mechａnｉsｍ 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism 并行工程coｎcｕrrent engineｅring?并行设计cｏncurｒed ｄesign, CD?不平衡相位pｈａs ｅangｌe of ｕnbalａnce?不平衡imｂalaｎce （oｒuｎbalancｅ)?不平衡量amount oｆunbalance?不完全齿轮机构iｎｔｅrmiｔtent geａｒing 波发生器wａｖe ｇenｅrator 波数number oｆｗaveｓ?补偿compenｓａｔion 参数化设计parameterｉzatｉon ｄesｉgn, ＰD 残余应力ｒeｓidual streｓｓ?操纵及控制装置oｐｅratioｎcontrｏｌdevicｅ?槽轮Genｅva wheel 槽轮机构Geneｖa ｍeｃｈanｉsm ; Maｌｔesｅcross 槽数Gｅneva nuｍeratｅ 槽凸轮ｇroove cam 侧隙backlａｓh?差动轮系ｄifferｅntiaｌgear train?差动螺旋机构diｆferenｔｉaｌsｃrew ｍeｃhａｎism?差速器ｄiｆｆerｅｎｔｉaｌ 常用机构conventionａl ｍechａniｓm；meｃhａｎism ｉn cｏmmonｕsｅ?车床lathe?承载量系数bearing capａcity faｃtor 承载能力bearing capacity 成对安装ｐaiｒed mountinｇ?尺寸系列dｉｍenｓiｏｎｓerｉｅｓ 齿槽tooｔｈspace 齿槽宽spａcewidｔh?齿侧间隙baｃklasｈ 齿顶高addendum
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
微博Microblog 山寨copycat 异地恋long-distance relationshiph 剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 裸婚naked wedding 炫富flaunt wealth 团购group buying 人肉搜索flesh search 潮人：trendsetter 发烧友：fancier 骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 下午茶high tea 愤青young cynic 性感妈妈yummy mummy 亚健康sub-health 灵魂伴侣soul mate 小白脸toy boy 精神出轨soul infidelity 人肉搜索flesh search 钻石王老五diamond bachelor 时尚达人fashion icon 御宅otaku 橙色预警orange signal warning 预约券reservation ticket 上相的,上镜头的photogenic 80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look 黄牛票：scalped ticket 扫货：shopping spree
烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 纳米技术：nanotechnology 正妹hotty 对某人念念不忘get the hots for 草莓族Strawberry generation 草根总统grassroots president 笨手笨脚have two left feet 拼车car-pooling 解除好友关系unfriend v. 暴走go ballistic 海外代购overseas purchasing 跳槽jump ship 闪婚flash marriage 闪电约会speeddating 闪电恋爱whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头crunch time 乐活族LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability） 一夜情one-night stand 偶像派idol type 脑残体leetspeak 挑食者picky-eater 伪球迷fake fans 狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy 奉子成婚shotgun marriage 婚前性行为premarital sex 开博to open a blog 房奴车奴mortgage slave 上课开小差zone out 万事通know-it-all 赌球soccer gambling 桑拿天sauna weather 假发票fake invoice 二房东middleman landlord
一、词的选择和意义引申 考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略 一、理解应以原文，拆分语法结构 二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文 词义选择和词义引申 词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。 1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中，school 是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思； 2.在1996年74）题elegant system 中，elegent是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思； 3.在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中，smart 是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思； 4.在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics 中，set 是“集，集合”，而不是“一套，放置”等意思； 5.在2004年62）题we are obliged to them 中，obliged是“感谢，感激”，而不是“被迫”的意思。 词义的选择 例1.I’ll see her home tonight. 今晚我送她回家。 例2. India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生长地。 例3.He’s at home with the classics. 他精通古典文学。 例4.New homes are for sale. 新房出售。 例5.She’s at home where she is. 她在哪儿都自由自在。 例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply. 美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。 例7.Much is produced here for home market. 这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。 例8.He looks on London as his home. 他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。 在翻译时，词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手： （一）根据词性确定词义 forecast有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同。 increase作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是这些意思。book 这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却表示“预定，预约”的意思。
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
各种数学名词的英语翻译 数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理axiom 定理theorem 计算calculation 运算operation 证明prove 假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题proposition 算术arithmetic 加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数augend, summand 加数addend 和sum 减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend 减数subtrahend 差remainder 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend 乘数multiplicator 积product 除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend 除数divisor 商quotient 等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than 小于is lesser than 大于等于is equal or greater than 小于等于is equal or lesser than 运算符operator 平均数mean 算术平均数arithmatic mean 几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x 有理数rational number 无理数irrational number
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
各种数学名词的英语翻译 数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算 calculation 运算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand 加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符 operator 平均数mean 算术平均数arithmatic mean 几何平均数geometric mean n 个数之积的n次方根 倒数（reciprocal） x的倒数为 1/x 有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number 虚数 imaginary number 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式 monomial 多项式 polynomial, multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root sqrt(2)=1.414 sqrt(3)=1.732 sqrt(5)=2.236 常量 constant 变量 variable 坐标系 coordinates 坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate 纵坐标 y-coordinate 原点 origin 象限quadrant 截距(有正负之分)intercede （方程的）解solution 几何geometry 点 point 线 line 面 plane 体 solid 线段 segment 射线 radial 平行 parallel 相交 intersect
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 第一节对等译法 一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友” 1. a faithful Christian 2. a loving parent 3. an obedient child 4. a virtuous wife 5. a dutiful husband 6. a hardworking student 7. strong wind 8. thick fog 9 heavy rain 二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。 1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative) 2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics. 3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。 1. fish in troubled waters 2. be after one's own heart 3. skin and bones 4. touch and go 5. hit the nail on the head 6. be head and shoulders above others 7. turn a deaf ear to 8. burn one's boat 9. turn a blind eye to 10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。 1. Practice makes perfect. 2. More haste, less speed. 3. East or west, home is best. 4. All is fish that comes to the net. 5. Everything comes to him who waits 6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines 7. Look before you leap. 8. There is no smoke without fire. 第二节增词译法 一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词 1. Even a child can answer this question. 2. This is the head of our delegation 3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 5. We must have faith in the masses.