第四章否定（18-20）
第一节：否定字的表現
第二节：部分否定
第三节：双重否定
第四节：否定的慣用表現
第五节：不用否定字的否定表現
〈第18卷〉
否定
否定字的表现
Not
1.My boss did not tell me to wear jeans.我上司没有告诉我要穿牛仔裤。tell+o(受词)+tov
My boss told me not to wear jeans.我上司告诉我不要穿牛仔裤。
本动词否定>助动词+not+VR
不定词否定>not to VR
2.Dave is an Australian, not a Austrian.Dave是澳洲人，不是奥地利人。
3.I met him on the street, not at/in the office.我在街上遇到他，而不
是在办公室。
4.She loves him not because he is handsome, but because he is warmhearted. 她爱他不是因为他长得帅，而是因为他很贴心。
because是连接词后面主词加动词而且不可省略。warmhearted是pp当形容词使用。
No
not a/an=no
not any=no
1.I have no one to count/depend on.我没有人可依赖。
我没有可以依赖的人，count/depend on都是动词，怎么能变形容词拿来修饰名词one呢。动词变名词前面加to.就是不定词。不定词有把名词补充说明跟清楚的功能.to count/depend on是来修饰one.
I don’t have anyone to count on.
not any=no 然后助动词省略
老外常讲 I don’t have any money. I have no money.
2.No students are allowed to enter the room.
没有学生被允许进入房间。
Nobody is allowed to enter the room.
No+单数n,复数n,不可数n
No后面的动词形式看no后的主词
Nobody=no one ,one是单数故用is
3.He is no genius. He is not a genius.前句的意思强烈。
他绝非天才
I’m no thief.
我绝不是小偷
Never [be之后,一般动词之前，助动词加never加vr],
It raining cats and dogs outside.外面下倾盆大雨
1.It never snows in the Sahara desert.
Desert ialand 无人岛
desert1 ['dez?t] n.沙漠 a.荒无人烟的
desert2 [di'z?:t] v.遗弃
一个词有两个发音音重的是动词
dessert n.点心
2.You should never walk alone at night.你不该晚上一个人散步。
散步 take a walk ,go for a walk
Hardly几乎不, scarcely几乎不['skε?sli], rarely 不多['rε?li],
seldom 不常[be之后,助动词之后VR之前]这些否定字不能加not.
1.His success is hardly possible.
他的成功几乎是不可能的
2.The injured child could/can scarcely walk.那受伤的小孩几乎不能行走。injured是pp当形容词使用
3.I rarely listen to classical music.我很少听古典乐。
4.England has seldom won the World Cup.has it?英国不常赢得世界杯。
Few=not many, little=not much
1.Few (people) are satisfied with his answer.几乎没人对他的答案感到满
意。
外在事情引起的满意或者不满意是被动态我很满意是I am satisfied.
2.He showed /had/took little interest in math.他对数学没什么兴趣。〈第19卷〉
部分否定
1.Both of my friends did not go abroad for advanced study.我的两个朋
友并非都出国留学了。是部分否定。
advanced是pp当形容词
Both…not…并非两者都>其中一个去了
Neither (None) of my friends went abroad for advanced study.我的朋友没有一个出国留学是全部否定。Neither是无一
Overseas Chinese 海外华侨
Go aboard 上甲板上车
Go abroad 出国
2.He did not read all of these comic books.他并非读了这里所有的漫画书。
Not…all…并非全部>一部分部分否定
全部否定He did not read any of these comic books.他一本漫画书也没有读。
=He read none of these comic books.用的过去式。
3.She does not always agree with me.not always并非总是
她并非总是同意我。就是sometimes
4.Not everybody can be a poet.not everyboby并非每一个
并非每一个人都能成为诗人。
5.Beautiful flowers do not necessarily smell sweet.
Necessarily是副词因为smell是一般动词。
美丽的花朵未必闻起来香。是部分否定。
not necessarily 未必
注意
Quite, altogether(完全地), completely, entirely, exactly + not>部分否定
双重否定
1.You can’t make an omelet(蛋卷) without breaking some eggs.
你不打鸡蛋不能做蛋卷。
2.It is not unusual for couples(夫妻) to quarrel.
Unusual不寻常
夫妻吵架并不稀奇
It is usual for couples(夫妻) to quarrel. (力道不够)
否定的惯用表现
1.He is by no means a fool. 绝非
他绝非一个笨蛋。
=he is not a fool at all.
mean 动词意思是指什么或者打算做什么。当形容词是卑鄙的
means 名词要加s方法,手段 (单复同形)
I didn’t mean to say it. 我不打算要这样说的。我不是故意的。
I didn’t mean it. 我不是故意的
Look at that mean guy. 看哪个卑鄙的家伙
By all means 务必,尽一切办法，必定
He is not a fool at all.= he is no fool.
2.Traveling to the moon is no longer a dream.
到月球旅行不再是梦想。
=Traveling to the moon is not a dream any longer.
I don’t love you any longer.我不再爱你了。
3.You cannot be too careful when you drive at night.
再怎么小心也不为过
晚上开车再小心也不为过。你务必要小心。
You are not too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
4.It was not long before the earthquake stopped.
不久之后，地震就停止.
It指的时间。
long before很久以前,多用于完成时态
The story had happened long before.故事发生在很久以前
I had been there long before. 我很久以前就去过那里。
有时long before可分开理解，before作介词或连词，后接短语或句子。
It was not long before the earthquake stopped.
I had waited there long before he arrived. 他来之前，我在那已等了
很久。
before long是介词短语，在句中作时间状语，意为“不久之后，立刻”，常用于将来时态，如：
I hope we'll meet again before long.我希望不久我们再见面。
The bus is arriving before long. 汽车马上就到了
〈第20卷〉
5.I didn’t graduate from university until I was twenty-five.
我直到25岁才大学毕业。College是学院的意思有时也翻译做大学。
=It was not until I was twenty-five that I graduate from university.
6.Babies do nothing but cry.宝宝只会哭。do nothing but 只会
7.I cannot help admiring his courage.我不得不佩服他的勇气。
=I cannot but admire his courage.
8.There is no telling what may happen.无法得知可能会发生什么事。
=It is impossible to tell what may happen.
There is no parking along the street.沿着这条路禁止停车。
9.He can ride a motorcycle, not to mention a bicycle.他会骑摩托车，更
别提骑脚踏车了。
mention提到
10.The soldier got an order and lost no time in carrying it out/on. 立刻 at once ,right now,right away.
那士兵接到指令就立刻执行。
May I take you order now? 现在您要点菜吗? May i order now?
Lose no time 没有遗失任何时间。in是在那一方面执行命令 carry on an order或者carry an order on 。order改成代名词it要放中间
Carry out也是执行
不用否定字的否定表现
1.Who knows what will happen tomorrow? 鬼晓得明天会发生什么。
=No one knows what will happen tomorrow.
Who cares?= I don’t care.
2.This book was too boring for me to read through.
throgh从这一头到那一头read through把整本看完
这本书对我而言太过无聊而不能读完。
3.He would be the last person to tell a lie.
他是会说谎的最后一个人。就是他绝不会说谎
4.The story he told me was anything but boring.
The story he tole me关系代名词引导的形容词子句
他讲的故事是任何除了无聊>他讲的故事一点也不无聊
5.Five hundred dollars for a pair of shoes is far from cheap.
五百美金一双鞋是很贵
6.This district is free from air pollution.
这个区域免于空气污染。
7.The view from the window was beautiful beyond description.
从这个窗户看到的景色美到笔墨无法形容。划线部分是介系词后面加名词。
美得无法形容
8.This book is quite above me. (my understanding)
这本书超出了我的理解能力。
9.He is above cheating on a test.
above在一个情况之上不可能作弊
10.The alarm clock failed to go off.
go off指的是响这个闹钟不会再响了
11.Heavy fog kept us from driving fast.大雾使我们不能开快车。
阻止…防止…
keep from
hinder from['hind?]
stop from
protect from
prevent from
12.You had better refrain from alcohol. refrain [,ri:'frein] 避免had better后面用动词原形
你最好避免喝酒
Alcoholic形容词
13.I know better than to do such a thing.
我还没有笨到去做那种事.
14.We tried to open the door, but in vain.
我试着把门打开，但是枉然。in vain是枉然
但是办不到
vain [vein] adj. 徒劳的；虚荣的；空虚