会计英语期末复习资料
一、单词
1.accounting 会计学
2.accounting elements 会计要素
3.accounting equation 会计等式
4.assets 资产
5.liabilities 负债
6.owner`s equity 所有者权益
7.revenue 收入
8.expenses 费用
9.profits 利润
10.accounting period 会计期间
11.transaction 经济业务/会计事项
12.double-entry system 复式记账法
13.debit 借方
14.credit 贷方
15.ledger 分类账
16.chart of accounts 会计科目表
17.journal 日记账
18.current assets 流动资产
19.cash 现金
20.cash equivalents 现金等价物
21.check 支票
22.bank deposits 银行存款
23.cash in bank 银行存款
24.money orders 汇票
25.cash on band 库存现金
26.accounts receivable 应收账款
27.allowance for bad debts 坏账准备
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b116955952.html, realizable value 可变现净值
29.inventory 存货
30.finished goods 产成品
31.semi-finished goods 半成品
32.goods in process 在产品
33.historical cost 历史成本
34.specific identification 个别计价法
35.first-in, first-out 先进先出法
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b116955952.html,st-in, first-out 后进先出法
37.weighted average 加权平均法
38.raw materials 原材料
39.short-term investment 短期投资
40.marketable securities 有价证券
41.shareholder 股东
42.bonds 债券
43.debentures 债券
44.long-term assets 长期资产
45.fixed assets 固定资产
46.intangible assets 无形资产
47.deferred assets 递延资产
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b116955952.html,eful life 使用寿命
49.depreciation 折旧
50.depreciable amount 应计折旧额
51.depreciation method 折旧方法
52.estimated net residual value 预计净残值
53.straight-line method 直线法
54.units of production method 工作量法
55.double declining balance method 双倍余额递减法
56.sum-of-the-years-digits method 年数总和法
57.amortization 摊销
58.impairment 减值
59.current liabilities 流动负债
60.accounts payable 应付账款
61.notes payable 应付票据
62.unearned revenue 预收账款
63.income taxes payable 应交所得税
64.contingent liabilities 或有负债
65.long-term liabilities 长期负债
66.bonds payable 应付债券
67.ownership 所有权
68.sole proprietorship 独资企业
69.partnership 合伙企业
70.corporation 公司
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b116955952.html,mon shareholders 普通股股东
72.preferred shareholders 优先股股东
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b116955952.html,mon stock 普通股
74.preferred stock 优先股
75.dividends 股利
76.retained earnings 留存收益
77.paid-in capital 实收资本
78.capital stock 股本
79.addtional paid-in capital 附加投入资本
80.capital surplus 资本公积
81.undistributed profit 未分配利润
82.par value 面值
83.fair value 公允价值
84.reserve fund 盈余公积
85.legal reserve 法定盈余
86.stock split 股利分割
87.cash dividends 现金股利
88.stock dividends 股票股利
89.sales revenue 销售收入
90.service revenue 劳务收入
91.product costs 产品成本
92.direct material costs 直接材料成本
93.direct labor costs 直接人工成本
94.indirect costs 间接成本
95.manufacturing overhead 制造费用
96.period expenses 期间费用
97.operating expense 营业费用
98.administrative expense 管理费用
99.finance expense 财务费用
100.balance sheet 资产负债表
101.income statement 利润表/损益表
102.cash flow statement 现金流量表
二、填空
1. The accounting elements include , , , , , and .
2. Liabilities are of a business.
3. Borrowing cash from a bank does not belong to ; it simply belongs to liability.
4. Profit is the of revenue over expenses for the accounting period.
5. The accounting equation is : = + .
6.“Dr.” stands for debits ,while “Cr.” is the abbreviation for .
7. Liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit decreases are recorded as .
8. Short-term investments refer to various of .
9. Marketable securities include and to be realized within one year from the balance sheet date and shall be accounted for at cost.
10. Depreciation refers to the systematic allocation of the of a fixed asset over its useful life.
11. The four common depreciation methods are .
12. shall be employed when it is assumed that an asset`s economic revenue is the same each year, and the repair and maintenance cost is also the same for each period.
13. When depreciation is mainly due to wear and tear, are usually used.
14. The two types of intangible assets are finite and intangibles.
15. Please name five most commonly seen intangibles , i.e., , , , , and .
16. Intangible assets do not include internally generated , and .
17. Intangible assets should be measured initially at .
18. For intangible assets with finite useful lives enterprises shall consider their while intangible assets with indefinite useful lives shall not be amortized.
19. The account of should be decreased when the service paid for in advance
has been provided.
20. The account of should be recorded when the business purchased supplies on credit.
21. The account of used to show what the business owes the bank.
22. A corporation`s balance sheet contains assets, liabilities, and .
23. and are the two common capital stocks issued by a corporation.
24. and are the usual forms of distribution to share holders.
25. A is a proportional distribution to shareholders of additional shares of the corporation`s common or preferred stocks.
26. represents the corporation`s accumulated net income, less accumulated dividends and other amounts transferred to paid-in capital accounts.
三、单选
1. Matching each of the following statements with its poper term.
(1) accounts receivable ( )
(2) dishonored notes receivable ( )
(3) allowance method ( )
(4) direct write-off method ( )
A. The method of accounting for un-collectible accounts that provides an expense for un-collectible receivables in advance of their write-off.
B. A receivable created by selling merchandise or service on credit.
C. A note that maker fails to pay on the due date.
D. The method of accounting for un-collectible accounts that recognizes the expense only when accounts are judged to be worthless.
2. At the end of the fiscal year, accounts receivable has a balance of $100000 and allowance for doubtful accounts has a balance of $7000, The expected net realizable value of the accounts receivable is ( )
A. $7000
B. $93000
C. $100000
D. $107000
3. If merchandise inventory is being valued at cost and the price level is steadily rising, the method of costing that will yield the higher net income is ( )
A.LIFO
B.FIFO
C.Average
D.Periodic
4. Given the following information, which of the following accounting transactions is true?( )
Gross payroll $20000
Federal income tax withheld $4000
Social security tax withheld $1600
A. $1600 is recorded as salary expense.
B. $14400 is recorded as salary payable
C. The $1600 deducted for employee social security tax belongs to the company
D. Payroll is an example of an estimated liability
5.If a corporation has outstanding 1000 shares of $9 cumulative preferred stock of $100 par and dividends have been passed for the preceding three years, what is the amount of preferred dividends that must be declared in the current year before a dividend can be declared on common stock?( )
A. $9000
B. $27000
C. $36000
D. $45000
6. All of the following are reasons for purchasing treasury stock except to ( )
A. make a market for the stock
B. increase the number of shareholders
C. increase the earnings per share and return on equity
D. give employee as compensation
7. Paid-in capital for a corporation may arise from which of the following sources?( )
A. Issuing cumulative preferred stock
B. Receiving donations of real estate
C. Selling the corporation`s treasury stock
D. All of the above
8. Under the equity method, the investment account is decreased by all of the following except the investor`s proportionate share of ( )
A. dividends paid by the investee
B. declines in the fair value of the investment
C. the losses of the investee
D. all of the options
9. Cash dividends are paid on the basis of the number of shares ( )
A. authorized
B. issued
C. Outstanding
D. outstanding less the number of treasury shares
10. The stockholders` equity section of the balance sheet may include ( )
A. common stock
B. preferred stock
C. donated capital
D. all of the above
11. Declaration and issuance of a dividend in stock ( )
A. increases the current ratio
B. decreases the amount of working capital
C. decreases total stockholders` equity
D. has no effect on total assets, liabilities, or stockholders` equity
12. If a corporation reacquires its own stock, the stock is listed on the balance sheet in the ( )
A. current assets section
B. long term liability section
C. stockholders` equity section
D. investments section
13. A corporation has issued 25000 shares of $100 par common stock and holds 3000 of these shares as treasury stock. If the corporation declares a $2 per share cash dividend, what amount will be recorded as cash dividend?( )
A. $22000
B. $25000
C. $44000
D. $50000
14. A company declared a cash dividend on its common stock on December 15, 2004, payable on January 12, 2005. How would this dividend affect shareholders` equity on the following dates? ( ) December 15, January 12
2004 2005
A. Decrease. Decrease.
B. No effect. No effect.
C. No effect. No effect.
D. Decrease. Decrease.
15. An example of a cash flow from an operating activity is ( )
A. the receipt of cash from issuing stock
B. the receipt of cash from issuing bonds
C. the payment of cash for dividends
D. the receipt of cash from customers on account
16. An example of a cash flow from an investing activity is ( )
A. the receipt of cash from the sale of equipment
B. the receipt of cash from issuing bonds
C. the payment of cash for dividends
D. the payment of cash to acquire treasury stock
17. An example of a cash flow from a financing activity is ( )
A. the receipt of cash from customers on account
B. the receipt of cash from the sale of equipment
C. the payment of cash for dividends
D. the payment of cash to acquire marketable securities
18. A receivable created by selling merchandise or services on credit. ( )
A. accounts receivable
B. dishonored notes payable
C. allowance method
D. direct write-off method
19. At the end of the fiscal year, accounts receivable has a balance of $100000 and allowance for doubtful accounts has a balance of $7000. The expected net realizable value of the accounts receivable is ( )
A. $7000
B. $93000
C. $100000
D. $107000
20.( ) are valuable resources owned by the entity.
A. Liability
B. Assets
C. Equity
D. None of them
21. Which is intangible asset ( )
A. internally generated goodwill
B. internally generated publishing titles
C. franchises and license
D. internally generated brands
22.( ) shall be employed when it is assumed that an asset`s economic revenue is the same each year, and the repair and maintenance cost is also the same for each period.
A. straight-line method
B. units of production method
C. double declining balance method
D. sum-of-the-years-digits(SYD) method
四、判断
1. Fixed assets are intangible assets. ( )
2. Internally generated goodwill can be viewed as intangible assets. ( )
3. Land doesn`t need depreciation and is considered to have an infinite life. （）
4. Fixed assets are usually subjected to depreciation. ( )
5. Bonds and stocks are classified as intangible assets.( )
6. Once the expected useful life and estimated net residual value are determined, they shall not be changed under any circumstances.( )
7. When a corporation issues one type of capital stocks, common stocks are always issued. ( )
8. Par value is strictly a legal matter, and it establishes the legal capital of a corporation. ( )
9. The balance of the additional paid-in capital account represents a gain on the sale of stocks and increases net income. ( )
10. A corporation must, by law, pay a dividend once a year. ( )
11. Dividends are an expense of a corporation and should be charged to the periodic income. ( )
12. Revenue increase owner`s equity. ( )
13. Revenue is recognized when we receive cash from the buyers. ( )
14. Advertising expense is usually collected as period expense. ( )
15. Interest revenue should be measured based on the length of time. ( )
16. If revenue exceed expenses for the same accounting period, the entity is deemed to suffer
a loss. ( )
17. Asset = liabilities + Expense. ( )
18. Liabilities are debts of a business. ( )
19. Borrowing cash from a bank belongs to revenue. ( )
20. Increase in asset is recorded in credit side. ( )
21. When depreciation is mainly due to wear and tear, straight-line method shall be employed. ( )
22. Bonds payable belong to current liabilities.( )
23. All fixed assets are depreciable over their limited useful life.( )
24. Fixed assets are intangible assets. ( )
25. Internally generated goodwill can be viewed as intangible assets. ( )
26. Land doesn`t need depreciation and is considered to have an infinite life. ( )
五、翻译
1. Accounting contains elements both of science and art. The important thing is that it is not merely a collection of arithmetical techniques but a set of complex processes depending on and prepared for people.
2. Inventories refer to merchandise, finished goods, semi-finished goods, goods in process, and all kinds of materials, fuels, containers, low-value and perishable articles and so on that stocked for the purpose of sale, production or consumption during the production operational process, Inventories are normally accounted for at historical cost, as the cost principle requires. Normally, a company may account inventories under the following methods:
(1)Specific identification (2)first-in, first-out(FIFO) (3)last-in, first-out(LIFO) (4)weighted average
3. In contrast to current assets, long-term assets refer to those assets that will be realized or consumed within a period longer than one year of their acquisition, which are normally divided into fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred assets.
Fixed assets refer to the assets whose useful life is over one year, unit value is above the prescribed criteria and where original physical form remains during the process of utilization.
4. Depreciation is defined as the accounting process of systematically allocating the depreciable amount of a fixed asset over its useful life by a selected depreciation method. When calculating the depreciation expense of a fixed asset, an enterprise should consider its depreciable amount,
estimated net residual value, estimated useful life, and the depreciation methods.
5. The amount of retained earnings represents the cumulative net income of the firm since its beginning, less the total dividends that have been distributed to shareholders. It is important to note that retained earnings are not the assets, but the existence of retained earnings means that net assets generated by profitable operations have been kept in the company to help it grow or to meet other business needs. However, a credit balance in Retained Earnings does not mean that cash or any designated set of assets is directly associated with retained earnings. The fact that earnings have been retained means that net assets as a whole have been increased.
6. In China, companies must provide “legal reserve.”
Today in USA, appropriations of retained earnings are seldom seen on balance sheets.
7. Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise from such events as the sale of goods, the rendering of service and the use of enterprise by others. Revenue growth is an important indicator of the market reception of a company`s products and services.
8. Sales revenue arises from the sale of goods.
Service revenue arises from the rendering of services.
9. Expenses refer to the outlays incurred by an enterprise in the course of production and operation. It means the outflows or other using up of assets or incurrence of liabilities during a period. According to the relationship with products, we can divide expenses into two categories: product costs and period expense.
Product costs are directly related to the products, which are composed of direct material costs, direct labor costs and the indirect costs.
10. Period expenses are not directly associated with products, but they are indispensable for generating the current revenue.
11. A balance sheet is a summary of a company`s balances. Assets, liabilities and owner`s equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. A balance sheet is often described as a snapshot of a company`s financial condition.
12. The income statement is a financial statement that summarizes the results of a company`s operation by matching revenue and related expenses for a particular accounting period. It shows the net income or net loss. It is also called earnings statement, statement of operations, and profit and loss statement.
13. The cash flow statement is a financial statement that reports the cash receipts and cash payments of an entity during a particular period. The term cash refers not only to the bills and coins we normally think of as cash, but also to cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are highly liquid short-term investment that can easily and quickly be converted into cash, usually with maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
The cash flows of an entity usually come from cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities.
14. Assets are economic resources that are possessed or controlled by an enterprise to generate revenue to the enterprise. Assets of an enterprise are usually divided into the following categories: current assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets. Current assets are assets that will be realized or consumed within one year or within an operating cycle. Typical current assets include cash, bank deposit, accounts receivables and so on. Cash is listed first of all current assets because it is the most liquid of all assets.
15. Long-term liabilities are obligations of business that are due to be paid after one year or beyond the operating cycle, whichever is longer. Decisions related to long-term debt are critical because how a company finances its operations is the most important factor in the company`s long-term liability. The amount and type of debt a company incurs depends on many factors, including the nature of the business, its competitive environment, the state of the financial markets, and the predictability of its earnings.
六、业务题
1.
（1）According to the above information, use weighted-average method and the ending inventory should be
（2）According to the above information, use LIFO method, the most assigned to the sold should be
（3）According to the above information, use FIFO method, the cost assigned to the sold should be
（4）According to the above information, use LIFO method, the cost assigned to the ending inventory is
2.(1)On June 5, K. Company purchased $6000 of inventory, paying cash.
(2)On June 10, K. Company received $10000 of good sales.
(3)On June 12, K. Company paid $5000 in salaries by bank deposit.
(4)Bought office furniture from Simple Company on account, $30000
(5)On June 30, K. Company paid $10000 to Simple Company on account.
3. Record each transaction in the accompanying account of L & T Co.
(1) Bought supplies on account for $600.
(2) Bought equipment for $2700, paying one third down and owing the balance.
(3) Gave a note in settlement of transaction (2).
(4) Received $500 as an income.
4. Record the following entries in the general journal for Stephens Cleaning Company.
(1) Invested $10000 cash in the business.
(2) Paid $2000 for office furniture.
(3) Bought equipment costing $6000 on account.
(4) Received $2200 in cleaning income.
(5) Paid a quarter of the amount owed on the equipment.
5.
(1)Accounting to the following information, use weighted-average method and the ending inventory should be
(2)Using the information from question(1), the LIFO method, the cost assigned to the ending inventory is
6.Assuming that net purchase cost $250000 during the year and that the ending stock was $4000 less than the beginning stock of $30000, the cost of goods would be
7. Emily started her business-Emily`s Bakery. The transaction in the year of 2008 are as follow.
(1) Emily contributed $10000 in cash.
(2) The company borrowed $3000 from a bank.
(3) The company purchased equipment for $5000 cash.
(4) The company performed service for $12000. The customer paid $8000 in cash and promised to pay the rest amount at a later date.
(5) The company paid $9000 for expenses (wages, interest and maintenance)
(6) The company paid dividend of $1000.
The balance sheet of Emily`s bakery
December31, 2008
Current Assets Current Liabilities
Long-term Assets Long-term Liabilities
Owner`s equity
Total Assets Total Liabilities and Owner`s Equity
七、例题
1.1 During the month of January, Ted Lott, a lawyer
(1) Invested $8000 to open his practice.
(2)Bought office supplies (stationery, forms, pencils, and so on)for cash, $700.
(3) Bought several pieces of office furniture from Ferraro Furniture Company on account, $2000.
(4) Receive $3500 in service fees earned during the month.
(5) Paid office rent for January, $600.
(6) Paid salary for part-time help, $800.
(7) Paid $1600 to Ferraro Furniture Company on account.
(8) After taking inventory at the end of the month, Lott found that he had used $200 worth of supplies.
(9) Withdrew $470 for personal use.
2.1 ABC Company had the following transaction in 2007.
(1) Recognized $5000 of sales revenue earned on account.
(2) Collected $3000 cash from accounts receivable.
(3) Recognized $500 of bad debt expense for accounts receivable that are expected to be un-collectible in the future.
2.3 Assume that ABC Company is a listed company. Simple buys 10000 shares of ABC Company`s common stock in New York Securities Exchange on November 1, 2007, at the price of $20 per share.
2.4 (1) Assume that, on March 15, 2008, ABC company declared that they decided to give dividends at S3 per common stock. Thus, Simple Company would receive $30000 of dividend. At this time the cash was not given but an accounting record was requested.
(2) On April, Simple Company received $30000 of cash dividend. So they need a new accounting record.
4.1 Simple Company buys goods for $50000 on credit. The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this transaction.
4.2 (1) On March 1, Simple Company borrows $40000 from its bank for a period of six months at an annual interest rate of 10%. Six months later on September 1, Simple Company will have to pay the bank the principal amount of $40000 plus $2000 interest. As an evidence of this loan, the bank requires Simple Company to issue a note payable. The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this March 1 borrowing is as follow.
(2) Borrowed $40000 for six months at 10% interest per year.
(3) The entry on September 1 to record payment of the note will be as follow.
4.3 (1) Simple Company signed up a contract with another company to perform services. Simple Company received an advanced cash payment in the amount of $20000 and the term of the contract was one month. The transaction acts to increase assets (cash) and liabilities (unearned revenue). The journal entry in Simple Company`s accounting records for this transaction is as follow.
(2) At this time, Simple Company received cash but didn`t perform the services. So the cash of $20000 was not the real revenue. Only when Simple Company performed the services, a new journal entry would be made in the follow.
4.4 Bonds issued at a discount
Assume that ABC Company plans to issue $1000000 face value of 10%, 10-year bonds. At the issuance date of May 1, the going market rate of interest is slightly above 10% and the bonds sell at a market price of only $950. The issuance of the bonds will be recorded by the following entry.
4.5 In this example, the discount on bonds payable has a beginning debit balance of $50000. Each year $5000 will be amortized into Bond Interest Expense.
Assuming that the interest payment dates are October 31 and April 30, the entries to be made each six months to record bond interest expense are as follow.
(1) Paid semi-annual interest on $1000000 of 10%, 10-year bonds.
(2) Amortized discount for six months on 10-year bond issue ($50000/20=$2500)
5.1On January 1, Joan Adams and Richard Brown decide to form a partnership by consolidating their two retail stores. A capital account will be opened for each partner and credited, with the agreed valuation of the net assets that the partner contributes. The journal entries to open the accounts of the partnership of Adams and Brown are as follow.
(1) To record the investment by Joan Adams in the partnership of Adams and Brown.
(2) To record the investment by Richard Brown in the partnership of Adams and Brown.
(3) After six months of operation the firm is in need of more cash, and the partners make additional investments of $10000 each on July 1. These additional investments are credited to the capital accounts as shown below.
5.3 Adams and Brown have agreed to share profits equally. Assuming that the partnership earns net income of $60000 in the first year of operations, the entry to close the income summary account is as follow.
(1) To divide net income for the year in accordance with partnership agreement to share profits equally.
The next step in closing the accounts is to transfer the balance of each partner`s drawing account to his capital account. Assuming that withdrawals during the year amounted to $24000 for Adams and $16000 for Brown, the entry at December 31 to close the drawing accounts is as follow.
(2) To transfer debit balances in partner`s drawing accounts to their respective capital accounts.
5.4 The issuance of 100000 shares of common stock, par $1, for cash of $1.2 per share would be recorded as follow.
5.5 Assume that a corporation issues 10000 shares of no-par common stock at $40 a share and at
a later date issues 1000 additional shares at $36. The entries to record the no-par stock are as follow.
(1) Issued 10000 shares of no-par common stock at $40.
(2) Issued 1000 shares of no-par common stock at $36.
5.6 Assume that a corporation has a balance of $300000 in retained earnings and 50000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The current fair market value of its stock is $15 per share.
(1) If the corporation declares a 10% stock dividend, the entry to record this transaction at the declaration and payment date is as follow.
(2) If the corporation declares a 40% stock dividend, the entry to record this transaction at the declaration and payment date is as follow.
5.7 Assume that on December 1,2005, the directors of A corporation declare a 40 cents per share cash dividend on 100000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The dividend is $40000 (100000*0.4).
(1) the entry to record the declaration is as follow.
(2) At the end of the year, the dividends account is closed to retained earnings by the following entry.
八、附加题
1.Whether an account is to be debited or credited depends on the accounting elements. By convention, increases in assets and expenses are recorded as debits, whereas increases in liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit are recorded as credits. Assets and expense decreases are recorded as credits, whereas liability, owner`s equity, revenue and profit decreases are recorded as debits.
2.In an accounting system, a separate account is designated for each asset, each liability, and each component of owner`s equity, including revenues and expenses. That`s to say, accounts are grouped according to accounting elements. These groups of accounts are called the ledger.
3. The chart of accounts is a listing of the accounts by title and number. Assets and liability accounts are arranged according to their liquidity. While income, expense and owner`s equity accounts are listed according to their importance.
4.A business`s accounts receivable are the amounts that its customers owe it and these accounts receivable are sometimes called trade creditors.
Allowance for bad debts is the estimated amount of accounts receivable that will not be collected.
The net realizable value is the amount that a company is actually expecting to get in the future. Net realizable = accounts receivable — allowance for bad debts
4. Short-term investments refer to various marketable securities, which can be realized at any time and will be held less than a year, as well as other investment with a life of no longer than
a year.
5. Marketable securities include stock and debentures to be realized within one year from the balance sheet date and shall be accounted for at cost. They shall be accounted for according to historical cost as obtained and be shown in book balance in accounting a statement.
6. The four most commonly used depreciation methods are the straight-line method, the units of production method, the double declining balance method and the sum-of-the-years-digits method.
7. The most commonly seen intangible assets include patents, trademarks, copyrights, franchises and licenses, Internet domain names, construction permits, land utilization right, etc. According to the new accounting standard, internally created goodwill and internally generated brands and publishing titles are all excluded from intangible assets. Assets such as bank deposits, accounts receivable, long-term investment in bonds and stocks are not intangible assets, either.
8.Current liabilities are obligations that must be paid within one year or within the operating cycle, whichever is longer. Current liabilities can be accounts payable, short-term notes payable, the current portion of long-term debt, accrued liabilities, unearned revenue and overdraft.
(1) Accounts payable (2) Notes payable (3) Unearned revenue (4) Income taxes payable (5) Contingent liabilities
9. Long-term liabilities are the obligations of an enterprise that is not due within one year or an operating cycle (whichever is longer). The most common example are bonds payable, long-term notes payable and mortgages payable.
10. Three alternative legal forms: sole proprietorship, partnerships and corporation.
11. The advantages of corporations are as follow.
(1) Corporations are separate legal entities.
(2) Corporations have continuity of life.
(3) Shareholders are not liable for the corporation`s debts.
(4) Stockholders are not agents of the corporation.
(5) Ownership rights can be easily transferred.
There are disadvantages to incorporating a business. The income of a corporation is taxed twice, First as income of the corporation and again as personal income to the stockholders when cash is distributed to them as dividends. Another disadvantage is that corporations are generally subject to more regulations than other business, such as Securities Law and Company Law, reporting requirements for listed corporations.
Unit 1 Financial information about a business is needed by many outsiders .These outsiders include owners, bankers, other creditors, potential investors, labor unions, government agencies ,and the public ,because all these groups have supplied money to the business or have some other interest in the business that will be served by information about its financial position and operating results. 许多企业外部的人士需要有关企业的财务信息，这些外部人员包括所有者、银行家、其他债权人、潜在投资者、工会、政府机构和公众，因为这些群体对企业投入了资金，或享有某些利益，所以必须得到企业财务状况和经营成果信息。 Unit 2 Each proprietorship, partnership, and corporation is a separate entity. 每一独资企业、合伙企业和股份公司都是一个单独的主体。 In accrual accounting, the impact of events on assets and equities is recognized on the accounting records in the time periods when services are rendered or utilized instead of when cash is received or disbursed. That is revenue is recognized as it is earned, and expenses are recognized as they are incurred –not when cash changes hands .if the cash basis accounting were used instead of the accrual basis, revenue and expense recognition would depend solely on the timing of various cash receipts and disbursements. 在权责发生制下，视服务的提供而非现金的收付在本期对资产和权益的影响作出会计记录。即，收入是在赚取时确认，费用是在发生时确认——而不是在现金转手时。如果现金收付制替代权责发生制，那么收入和费用仅仅依靠各种现金收付活动的时间确定来确认。 Unit 3 During each accounting year ,a sequence of accounting procedures called the accounting cycle is completed. 在每一会计年度内，要依次完成被称为会计循环的会计程序。 Transactions are analyzed on the basis of the business documents known as source documents and are recorded in either the general journal or the special journal, i. e . the sales journal ,the purchases journal (invoice register ) ,cash receipts journal and cash disbursements journal . 根据业务凭证即原始凭证分析各项交易，并记入普通日记账或特种日记账，也就是销货日记账，购货日记账（发票登记簿），现金收入日记账和现金支出日记账。 A trial balance is prepared from the account balance in the ledger to prove the equality of debits and credits. 根据分类账户的余额编制试算平衡表，借以验证借项和贷项是否相等。 A T-account has a left-hand side and a right-hand side, called respectively the debit side and credit side. 一个T 型账户有左方和右方，分别称做借方和贷方。 After transactions are entered ,account balance (the difference between the sum of its debits and the sum of its credits ) can be computed.
《会计专业英语》模拟试题及答案 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1. Which of the following statements about accounting concepts or assumptions are correct? 1）The money measurement assumption is that items in accounts are initially measured at their historical cost. 2）In order to achieve comparability it may sometimes be necessary to override the prudence concept. 3）To facilitate comparisons between different entities it is helpful if accounting policies and changes in them are disclosed. 4）To comply with the law, the legal form of a transaction must always be reflected in financial statements. A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 only D 2 and 3 Johnny had receivables of $5 500 at the start of 2010. During the year to 31 Dec 2010 he makes credit sales of $55 000 and receives cash of $46 500 from credit customers. What is the balance on the accounts receivables at 31 Dec 2010? $8 500 Dr $8 500 Cr $14 000 Dr $14 000 Cr Should dividends paid appear on the face of a company’s cash flow statement? Yes No Not sure Either Which of the following inventory valuation methods is likely to lead to the highest figure for closing inventory at a time when prices are dropping? Weighted Average cost First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Unit cost 5. Which of following items may appear as non-current assets in a company’s the statement of financial position? (1) plant, equipment, and property (2) company car (3) €4000 cash (4) €1000 cheque A. (1), (3) B. (1), (2) C. (2), (3)
西交《英语4（新录）》在线作业（针对非会计专业） The United Nations was supposed to ( ) the role of global peace-keeper. A.contend B.nurture C.carve D.undertake 正确答案:D Its a good idea. But who is going to _______ the plan? A.carry out B.get through C.take in D.set aside 正确答案:A — How was your trip to London, Jane? — ______________. 、 A.Oh, wonderful indeed. B.I went there alone. C.The guide showed me the way. D.By plane and by bus. 正确答案:A —Paul, ?—Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother. A.what is the person over there B.who’s talking over there C.what are they doing D.which is that 正确答案:B —I was worried about chemistry, but Mr. Brown gave me an A! —_________. A.Don't worry about it B.Congratulations! That's a difficult course C.Mr. Brown is very good D.Good luck to you
一.专业术语 Accelerated Depreciation Method 计算折旧时，初期所提的折旧大于后期各年。加速折旧法主要包括余额递减折旧法 declining balance depreciation，双倍余额递减折旧法 double declining balance depreciation，年限总额折旧法 sum of the years' depreciation Account 科目，帐户 Account format 帐户式 Account payable 应付帐款 Account receivable 应收帐款 Accounting cycle 会计循环，指按顺序进行记录，归类，汇总和编表的全过程。在连续的会计期间周而复始的循环进行 Accounting equation 会计等式：资产= 负债+ 业主权益 Accounts receivable turnover 应收帐款周转率：一个时期的赊销净额/ 应收帐款平均余额 Accrual basis accounting 应记制，债权发生制：以应收应付为计算基础，以确定本期收益与费用的一种方式。凡应属本期的收益于费用，不论其款项是否以收付，均作为本期收益和费用处理。 Accrued dividend 应计股利 Accrued expense 应记费用：指本期已经发生而尚未支付的各项费用。 Accrued revenue 应记收入 Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Acid-test ratio 酸性试验比率，企业速动资产与流动负债的比率，又称quick ratio Acquisition cost 购置成本 Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表，指已作调整分录但尚未作结账分录的试算表。 Adjusting entry 调整分录：在会计期末所做的分录，将会计期内因某些原因而未曾记录或未适当记录的会计事项予以记录入帐。 Adverse 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Aging of accounts receivable 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Allocable 应分配的 Allowance for bad debts 备抵坏帐 Allowance for depreciation 备抵折旧 Allowance for doubtful accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance for uncollectible accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance method 备抵法：用备抵帐户作为各项资产帐户的抵销帐户，以使交易的费用与收入相互配合的方法。 Amortization 摊销,清偿 Annuity due 期初年金 Annuity method 年金法 Appraisal method 估价法 Asset 资产 Bad debt 坏帐 Bad debt expense 坏帐费用：将坏帐传人费用帐户，冲销应收帐款 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bank discount 银行贴现折价 Bank reconciliation 银行往来调节：企业自身的存款帐户余额和银行对帐单的余额不符时，应对未达帐进行调节。 Bank statement 银行对帐单，银行每月寄给活期存款客户的对帐单，列明存款兑现支票和服务费用。
. 1. Accounting first is an economic calculation. Economic calculation includes both static phenomenon on the economy's stock of the situation, including the situation of the period of dynamic flow, including both pre-calculated plan, but also after the actual calculation. Accounting is a typical example of economic calculation, calculation of economic calculation in addition to accounting, which includes statistical computing and business computing. 2. Accounting is an economic information systems. It would be a company dispersed into the business activities of a group of objective data, providing the company's performance, problems, and enterprise funds, labor, ownership, income, costs, profits， debt, and other information. Clearly, the accounting is to provide financial information-based economy information systems, business is the licensing of a points, thus accounting has been called "corporate language." 3. Accounting is an economic management.The accounting is social production develops to a certain stage of the product development and production is to meet the needs of the management, especially with the development of the commodity economy and the emergence of competition in the market through demand management on the economy activities strict control and supervision. At the same time, the content and form of accounting constantly improve and change, from a purely accounting, scores, mainly for accounting operations, external submit accounting statements, as in prior operating forecasts, decision-making, on the matter of economic activities control and supervision, in hindsight, check. Clearly, accounting whether past, present or future, it is people's economic management activities.
《财会专业英语》期终试卷 I.Put the following into corresponding groups. (15 points) 1.Cash on hand 2.Notes receivable 3.Advances to suppliers 4. Other receivables 5.Short-term loans 6.Intangible assets 7.Cost of production 8.Current year profit 9. Capital reserve 10.Long-term loans 11.Other payables 12. Con-operating expenses 13.Financial expenses 14.Cost of sale 15. Accrued payroll II.Please find the best answers to the following questions. (25 Points) 1. Aftin Co. performs services on account when Aftin collects the account receivable A.assets increase B.assets do not change C.owner’s equity d ecreases D.liabilities decrease 2. A balance sheet report . A. the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity on a particular date B. the change in the owner’s capital during the period C. the cash receipt and cash payment during the period D. the difference between revenues and expenses during the period 3. The following information about the assets and liabilities at the end of 20 x 1 and 20 x 2 is given below: 20 x 1 20 x 2 Assets $ 75,000 $ 90,000 Liabilities 36,000 45,000 how much the owner’sequity at the end of 20 x 2 ? A.$ 4,500 B.$ 6,000 C.$ 45,000 D.$ 43,000
1.The two most common specialized fields of accounting in practice are( ) A.forensic accounting and financial accounting B.managerial accounting and financial accounting C.managerial accounting and environmental accounting D.financial accounting and tax accounting systems 【参考答案】: B 2.Cash equivalents（） A.are illegal in some company B.will be converted to cash within two years C.will be converted to cash within 90 days D.will be converted to cash within 120 days 【参考答案】: C 3.Which statement below is not a reason for a corporation to buy back its own stock ( ) A.resale to employees B.bonus to employees C.for supporting the market price of the stock D.to increase the shares outstanding 【参考答案】: D 4.Which statement below is not a reason for a corporation to buy back its own stock. A.resale to employees B.bonus to employees C.for supporting the market price of the stock D.to increase the shares outstanding 【参考答案】: D
常用会计类英语词汇汇总基本词汇 A (1)account 账户,报表 A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设 A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价 A (4)accountability concept 经营责任概念 A (5)accountancy 会计职业 A (6)accountant 会计师 A (7)accounting 会计 A (8)agency cost 代理成本 A (9)accounting bases 会计基础 A (10)accounting manual 会计手册 A (11)accounting period 会计期间 A (12)accounting policies 会计方针 A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报酬率 A (14)accounting reference date 会计参照日 A (15)accounting reference period 会计参照期间A (16)accrual concept 应计概念 A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用 A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测试比率) A (19)acquisition 收购 A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计 A (21)adjusting events 调整事项 A (22)administrative expenses 行政管理费 A (23)amortization 摊销 A (24)analytical review 分析性复核 A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量成本法 A (26)annual report and accounts 年度报告和报表A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本 A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配账户 A (29)articles of association 公司章程细则 A (30)assets 资产 A (31)assets cover 资产担保 A (32)asset value per share 每股资产价值 A (33)associated company 联营公司 A (34)attainable standard 可达标准 A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润 A (36)audit 审计 A (37)audit report 审计报告 A (38)auditing standards 审计准则 A (39)authorized share capital 额定股本 A (40)available hours 可用小时 A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本 B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款
?accounting 会计、会计学 ?account 账户 ?account for / as 核算 ?certified public accountant / CPA 注册会计师?chief financial officer 财务总监?budgeting 预算 ?auditing 审计 ?agency 机构 ?fair value 公允价值 ?historical cost 历史成本?replacement cost 重置成本?reimbursement 偿还、补偿?executive 行政部门、行政人员?measure 计量 ?tax returns 纳税申报表 ?tax exempt 免税 ?director 懂事长 ?board of director 董事会 ?ethics of accounting 会计职业道德?integrity 诚信 ?competence 能力 ?business transaction 经济交易?account payee 转账支票?accounting data 会计数据、信息?accounting equation 会计等式?account title 会计科目 ?assets 资产 ?liabilities 负债 ?owners’ equity 所有者权益 ?revenue 收入 ?income 收益
?gains 利得 ?abnormal loss 非常损失 ?bookkeeping 账簿、簿记 ?double-entry system 复式记账法 ?tax bearer 纳税人 ?custom duties 关税 ?consumption tax 消费税 ?service fees earned 服务性收入 ?value added tax / VAT 增值税?enterprise income tax 企业所得税?individual income tax 个人所得税?withdrawal / withdrew 提款、撤资?balance 余额 ?mortgage 抵押 ?incur 产生、招致 ?apportion 分配、分摊 ?accounting cycle会计循环、会计周期?entry分录、记录 ?trial balance试算平衡?worksheet 工作草表、工作底稿?post reference / post .ref过账依据、过账参考?debit 借、借方 ?credit 贷、贷方、信用 ?summary/ explanation 摘要?insurance 保险 ?premium policy 保险单 ?current assets 流动资产 ?long-term assets 长期资产 ?property 财产、物资 ?cash / currency 货币资金、现金
会计专业英语答案 【篇一：15 春学期《会计专业英语》在线作业满分答 案】 a. an expense account b. a capital account c. a liability account d. an asset account ? 正确答案：d 2. the debt created by a business when it makes a purchase on account is referred to as an a. account payable b. account receivable c. asset d. expense payable ? 正确答案：a 3. when the corporation issuing the bonds has the right to repurchase the bonds prior to the maturity date for a specific price, the bonds are a. convertible bonds b. unsecured bonds c. debenture bonds d. callable bonds ? 正确答案：d 4. which of the items below is not a business organization form? （） a. entrepreneurship b. proprietorship c. partnership d. corporation ? 正确答案：a 5. cash investments made by the owner to the business are reported on the statement of cash flows in the a. financing activities section
弃我去者，昨日之日不可留 乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧 过急会计术语英汉对照 Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 内部审计 Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会 Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表 Tax accounting 税务会计 Accounting equation 会计等式 Articulation 勾稽关系 Assets 资产 Business entity 企业个体 Capital stock 股本 Corporation 公司 Cost principle 成本原则 Creditor 债权人 Deflation 通货紧缩 Disclosure 批露 Expenses 费用 Financial statement 财务报表 Financial activities 筹资活动 Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设 Inflation 通货膨涨 Investing activities 投资活动 Liabilities 负债 Negative cash flow 负现金流量 Operating activities 经营活动 Owner's equity 所有者权益 Partnership 合伙企业 Positive cash flow 正现金流量 Retained earning 留存利润 Revenue 收入 Sole proprietorship 独资企业 Solvency 清偿能力 Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设 Stockholders 股东 Stockholders' equity 股东权益 Window dressing 门面粉饰 Account 帐户 基本词汇 A (1)account 账户,报表 A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设 A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价 A (4)accountability concept 经营责任 概念 A (5)accountancy 会计职业 A (6)accountant 会计师 A (7)accounting 会计 A (8)agency cost 代理成本 A (9)accounting bases 会计基础 A (10)accounting manual 会计手册 A (11)accounting period 会计期间 A (12)accounting policies 会计方针 A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报 酬率 A (14)accounting reference date 会计 参照日 A (15)accounting reference period 会 计参照期间 A (16)accrual concept 应计概念 A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用 A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测 试比率) A (19)acquisition 收购 A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计 A (21)adjusting events 调整事项 A (22)administrative expenses 行政管 理费 A (23)amortization 摊销 A (24)analytical review 分析性复核 A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量 成本法 A (26)annual report and accounts 年度 报告和报表 A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本 A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配 账户 A (29)articles of association 公司章程 细则 A (30)assets 资产 A (31)assets cover 资产担保 A (32)asset value per share 每股资产 价值 A (33)associated company 联营公司 A (34)attainable standard 可达标准 A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润 A (36)audit 审计 A (37)audit report 审计报告 A (38)auditing standards 审计准则 A (39)authorized share capital 额定股 本 A (40)available hours 可用小时 A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本 B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款 B (43)backflush accounting 倒退成本 计算 B (44)bad debts 坏帐 B (45)bad debts ratio 坏帐比率 B (46)bank charges 银行手续费 B (47)bank overdraft 银行透支 B (48)bank reconciliation 银行存款调 节表 B (49)bank statement 银行对账单 B (50)bankruptcy 破产 B (51)basis of apportionment 分摊基 础 B (52)batch 批量 B (53)batch costing 分批成本计算
Matching Questions 140. Match the following terms the appropriate definition. 1. Depreciatio n expense The accounting system that recognizes revenues when earned and expenses when incurred. 2. Time period principle The accounting system where revenues are recognized when cash is received and expenses are recorded when cash is paid. 3. Profit margin Items paid for in advance of receiving their benefits. 4. Matching principle Net income divided by net sales. 5. Accrued revenues The expense created by allocating the cost of plant and equipment to the periods in which they are used. 6. Accrual basis accounting Allocates equal amounts of an asset's cost (less any salvage value) to depreciation expense during its useful life. 7. Cash basis accounting A principle that assumes that an organization's activities can be divided into specific time periods such as months, quarters, or years. 8. Prepaid expenses The principle that requires expenses to be reported in the same period as the revenues that were earned as a result of the expenses. 9. Straight-lin e depreciation Revenues earned in a period that are both unrecorded and not yet received in cash or other assets.
《财会英语》教学大纲 课程编号：GZC06016 学分：2 学时：34（其中实践学时：4 ）授课学期：4 一、课程的性质、地位、作用及与其他课程的联系 本课程作为财信专业的一门专业基础课，难度较大，主要是和学生的英语水平有一定的联系。在授课过程中与会计基础内容相联系，让英语和会计二者合一。希望通过本课程的教学，使财信专业学生能够用英文进行简单的帐目登录，读懂英文会计报表。对理论知识要求：重点的会计专用英语术语，一般性的专业阅读对能力、技能要求：掌握有关会计常用专用术语，重在打基础及学以致用。对素质要求提高财会专业英语水平，为进一步学习西方会计打下基础。 二、课程的教学内容与要求 Chapter 1 The Fundamental Accounting Concepts and Principles 会计概述 ［教学目的和要求］ 掌握会计概述相关的重要会计名词的英语表述。 ［教学内容］ Section 1 会计学习 1.1 引言 1.2 会计职业 1.3 会计信息系统 1.4 会计原则和概念 1.5 会计基本要素：会计等式 Section II 复习与练习 Section III 阅读材料 ［教学重点与难点］ 会计信息系统；会计基本要素——会计等式 Chapter 2 Debits and Credits: The Double-Entry System 借方与贷方：复式记账法 ［教学目的和要求］ 掌握借贷记账法的英语表述和会计科目的表述和运用。 ［教学内容］ Section 1 会计学习 2.1 账户 2.2 借贷记账规则
2.3 会计分类账与会计科目表 2.4 试算平衡表 Section II 复习与练习 Section III 阅读材料 ［教学重点与难点］ 借贷记账规则和试算平衡表 [实践内容] 能根据所给英语实践题目用借贷记账法进行正确登账。 Chapter 3 Journalizing and Posting Transactions 记账和过账 ［教学目的和要求］ 熟练掌握英语记账和过账 ［教学内容］ Section 1 会计学习 3.1 日记账 3.2 登记日记账 3.3 过账 Section II 复习与练习 Section III 阅读材料 ［教学重点与难点］ 日记账登账和过账。 Chapter 4 Financial Statements 财务报表 ［教学目的和要求］ 掌握主要的几种财务报表的英语表达，并做分析。 ［教学内容］ Section 1 会计学习 4.1 会计学习 4.2 资产负债表 4.3 资本变动表 4.4 财务报表概述 4.5 分类财务报表 Section II 复习与练习