Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer.
1.
A) She told Jenny to meet her and the man at seven.
B) She let Jenny's mother meet Jenny at seven.
C) She asked Jenny to send her mother a message.
D) She asked Jenny's mother to pass a message to Jenny.
2.
A) She arrived too early.
B) She failed to arrive early enough.
C) She arrived at 9.
D) She managed to arrive at 10.
3.
A) Because the food spoiled.
B) Because the weather was bad.
C) Because the group felt shameful.
D) Because the monitor wanted to have it on another day.
4.
A) He will buy the blouse for $20.
B) He will see Betty this weekend.
C) He will borrow some money from the woman and buy the blouse.
D) He will let Betty pay back the money as soon as possible.
5.
A) Martha will have class at 2:00.
B) Martha will go to the library at 3:00.
C) Martha will go home immediately after class.
D) Martha will go home after 4:00.
6.
A) Engineering.
B) Insurance.
C) Scientific research.
D) Diplomatic service.
7.
A) She is in Tokyo.
B) She is in Thailand.
C) She is right here.
D) She is in Tibet.
8.
A) The woman is living a very busy life.
B) The woman has plenty of time to play computer games.
C) The woman would like to fight in a war.
D) The woman considers herself unfortunate.
9.
A) The man called her immediately.
B) She read it in the morning newspaper.
C) It was reported on the radio.
D) She happened to be in the man's neighborhood.
10.
A) Employer and employee.
B) Husband and wife.
C) Customer and shop assistant.
D) Driver and auto repairwoman.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.
A) The common ancestor of humans and other primates.
B) The evolution of ancient primates.
C) The fundamental difference between the human brain and that of a chimpanzee.
D) The similarities between the activity of genes in different primates' brains.
12.
A) The weight of the brain.
B) The size of the brain.
C) Their tissue and blood.
D) Gene activity in the brain.
13.
A) To find out how their common ancestor looked like.
B) To understand how chimps and humans have evolved separately.
C) To see if chimpanzees can become sick with AIDS.
D) To find out efficient ways to treat human diseases.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.
A) Because she loved others to visit her.
B) Because other people might want to use her microwave.
C) Because people forgot their food all the time.
D) Because she often forgot to bring her key with her.
15.
A) She kept her door locked.
B) She ate some popcorn that she popped in her microwave.
C) She prayed before going to bed.
D) She dreamed a lot.
16.
A) She found that someone had forgotten his food in her microwave.
B) She was too tired to remember to lock the door.
C) Some friends might want to visit her that night.
D) She had a friend staying with her in the room.
17.
A) She held a party at home.
B) Her friend ate a lot of popcorn.
C) A person entered her room without her knowledge.
D) Susan dreamed a strange dream.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18.
A) A doll designer.
B) A fashion model.
C) A popular artist.
D) An American feminist.
19.
A) It was created in 1959.
B) It has changed the way fashion models behave.
C) It died in 1985.
D) It is anything but a doll.
20.
A) It provides them with choices for various careers.
B) It helps shape their dreams.
C) It can do many different types of work for them.
D) It has all the good qualities a woman can possibly have.
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
For the most part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to development -- health problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor-saving devices become more popular.
An increasingly fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. "I know exercise is good for your health," a young lady said. "But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is watch some TV and go to sleep." That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China are overweight, a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments.
Local researchers found that 31.2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle-aged got an adequate amount of physical activity.
Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesn't require much time, money or a special gymnasium. (S1) People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to enhance one's health.
The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. "There is no need to be an athlete, however," a local doctor said. People should walk for 30 minutes a day and take
part in some other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.
China has taken the need for more exercise to heart, with the government running several activities last Sunday, which was the designated World Health Day. Pamphlets and posters based on the theme "Move for Health" were distributed nationwide, encouraging people to develop a positive and healthy lifestyle.
21. Rapid economic development has resulted in all the following except _____________.
A) an increasing number of taxi passengers
B) the wide use of labor-saving devices
C) an increasingly fast pace of life
D) people's awareness of the importance of exercise
22. Some people are getting overweight because __________.
A) they are too busy to have any time for exercise
B) they are ignorant of the benefits of exercise
C) they are too weak to participate in physical activity
D) they are short of money to pay for different exercises
23. According to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most?
A) People taking taxis to work.
B) Urban adults with full-time jobs.
C) Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure.
D) Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.
24. What is the main idea of the last paragraph but one?
A) Many people are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercises.
B) Nobody should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete.
C) Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people.
D) Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.
25. By referring to rapid economic development as "a boon" at the beginning of the passage, the author means that ____________.
A) it has benefited the general public greatly
B) it has done harm to people's health nationwide
C) it is going faster than anyone could have imagined
D) it has helped to establish a positive and healthy lifestyle of the public
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. "It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet," says Johnson. "It didn't matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didn't fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him."
Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.
Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation is a bad memory and 40 years of laws, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nation's next president.
But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. (S2) It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are patently racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger.
"What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens," observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she has been watched at shopping malls.
26. The word "valet" in the first paragraph most probably means __________________.
A) a restaurant owner
B) a driver of expensive cars
C) a wealthy-looking gentleman
D) a restaurant employee taking care of the cars of the diners
27. Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because ______________.
A) his car was inferior in quality
B) he forgot to wear proper clothes
C) he failed to express himself clearly
D) he is black
28. From the passage we can learn that ____________________.
A) both blacks and whites are bewildered by racism
B) examples of racism are common in the US
C) some government officials have very bad memories
D) a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president
29. It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism in the US because __________.
A) they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandings
B) they have never seen any instance of racism in their country
C) they believe that black people are inherently less intelligent and less industrious
D) they have always treated black people as their equals
30. Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berry's being watched at shopping malls is that ____________________________.
A) she was a national celebrity
B) she didn't fit people's idea of an Afro-American woman
C) many people nowadays are insensitive and rude
D) she is black
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Add Littleton, Colorado, to the list of cities dazed with grief after a school slaughter. Two students shot and killed 12 other students and a teacher before taking their own lives. The massacre was the largest in the history of this nation. This type of crime didn't exist 10 years ago.
Americans should stop acting surprised that these shooting happen in "nicer" neighborhoods. That's the only place they happen. None of the recent school massacres took place at an inner-city campus; they all occurred in smaller towns or suburbs. (S3) These killers haven't been from impoverished or extremely violent families. They don't appear to have been picked on（挨骂受罚）any worse than kids have been for generations. They chose alienation and destruction, and they found the tools to carry out their hate-filled plan.
Do not blame schools for these massacres. Schools simply take what they are sent. Question the killers' parents. The parents are supposed to teach their children respect and empathy for others' lives. Parents should help their offspring learn to handle taunt or conflict without resorting to violence.
All concerned adults should take a youth's threat to shoot someone as seriously as airport security guards take jokes about bombs. Students must be encouraged to tell teachers if a classmate threatens or jokes about violence. Administrators at schools around the country need to emphasize they will take such reports seriously, and that they will not identify any student who comes forward with such a report.
More gun regulations probably won't stop these shootings, but gun owners and sellers must take more responsibility for keeping weapons away from young people. Gun owners should keep their guns unloaded, locked up and hidden away. Most car owners don't leave their keys in the car even when they park in their own garage; gun owners should be at least as careful with weapons.
The federal government can't solve this problem. Schools alone can't solve it. More guns won't solve it. Americans must consciously create a culture that makes violence unacceptable. Parents need to stop allowing their children's minds to be polluted with violence. News media need to show more restraint and thought about how and what they report.
The Colorado massacre is a national tragedy. More's the pity if Americans do not stop, reflect and vow to make it the last school massacre.
31. One common feature of all the recent school massacres is that ______________________.
A) they have all been carefully planned by hateful youngsters
B) the killers have all failed to passed their exams
C) they all occur in places that appear to be all right
D) the killers are all from disadvantaged families
32. Children are less likely to become killers if _______________________.
A) their parents succeed in teaching them respect and empathy for others' lives
B) they study hard in school and get high scores
C) teachers stop telling meaningless jokes in class
D) they follow the rules set by administrators at schools around the country
33. Who does the author think should take the main responsibility for campus shootings?
A) School authorities.
B) The federal government.
C) News media.
D) The killers' parents.
34. What is the most effective way to prevent school massacre from happening again?
A) Reinforcing stricter laws and regulations.
B) Introducing security guards onto campus.
C) Creating a culture that makes violence unacceptable.
D) Keeping weapons away from young people.
35. From the passage we can infer that ___________________________.
A) there were a lot of school massacres in inner-cities 10 years ago
B) many people turn a blind eye to school massacre
C) a youth's joke about violence is often ignored by other people
D) most gun owners like to leave their guns in their cars
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
A new look at an asteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough for the speeding space rock to alter its course.
(S4) Named 1950 DA, the asteroid -- 1 kilometer wide -- is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said.
"One in 300 is pretty long odds," said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in California. "I'm not personally going to worry about. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change." There are approximately 1,000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950 DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large asteroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don't find any that are greater threats.
If 1950 DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planetwide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago.
Asteroid 1950 DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 2001 whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950 DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth -- over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16, 2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.
He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290,000 kilometers -- a distance closer than the 370,000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth.
36. Talking about asteroids, the writer tells us that __________.
A) nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sun
B) it usually takes 300 years for scientists to discover an asteroid
C) scientists have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sun
D) there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid right now
37. We can infer from the passage that __________________________.
A) larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the Earth
B) an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880
C) asteroids will eventually destroy everything on Earth
D) no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 1950
38. Judging from the context, the word "whizzed" (in Paragraph 6) most probably means ________________________________.
A) kept turning around
B) went into and out of its orbit quickly
C) moved very fast
D) exploded all the while
39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A) Scientists have managed to know everything about asteroid 1950 DA.
B) Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.
C) Scientists are still quite optimistic about man's future.
D) The Earth is faced with frequent threats from space.
40. The best title for the passage is _____________________________.
A) Possible Asteroid Smash in 2880
B) New Discoveries about 1950 DA
C) Asteroids in the Solar System
D) Earth -- an Unsafe Place for Life
Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
41. As people's living standards improve, the health and beauty business is __________ with more sophisticated products than ever before.
A) astonishing B) flourishing C) exaggerating D) diminishing
42. The __________ of older persons is relatively low in developing countries, but it is growing much faster than in the West.
A) addition B) majority C) percentage D) statistic
43. Makers of consumer electronics will pay for environmental sanitation services to collect and __________ used refrigerators, computers and televisions under the new rules.
A) discharge B) distribute C) dispose of D) deal with
44. As some of the rules concerning foreign trade ran contrary to the principles of the WTO, the government decided to __________ them as soon as possible.
A) abolish B) accomplish C) distinguish D) establish
45. As the semester is drawing to an end, the student union is calling on all the students to __________ the temptation to cheat on exams.
A) refuse B) reject C) resist D) resolve
46. In the last few years, the Internet and the World Wide Web have become __________ words; almost everyone has heard of them.
A) family B) home C) house D) household
47. Vicki never worried or hesitated about anything, she just __________ it and almost always got whatever she wanted.
A) went by B) went for C) went over D) went with
48. The reason 800 million people go hungry today is not that there isn't enough food in the world, __________ that these people cannot get the food anyway.
A) but B) despite C) even D) except
49. As she matured as an artist, she __________ realize that "all artists are a product of their culture."
A) came to B) kept to C) took to D) went to
50. My son failed to come back home last night. This morning the police came to our house and __________ my worst fears that he was injured in a car accident.
A) advocated B) confirmed C) insured D) promised
51. Because of the mad cow disease, the European Union __________ a worldwide ban on British beef and beef product exports.
A) challenged B) charged C) forged D) imposed
52. The exhibition at the Shanghai Science and Technology Center _____________ such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.
A) detects B) exploits C) features D) demonstrates
53. A computer file is a collection of __________ data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by computer.
A) electrical B) artificial C) electronic D) genuine
54. To protect the environment, scientists and engineers are researching ways to __________ electricity more cheaply from such renewable energy sources as the wind and sun.
A) generate B) manufacture C) construct D) transform
55. In social dancing, the participants dance for their own pleasure rather than for the __________ of an audience.
A) appreciation B) entertainment C) leisure D) temptation
56. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players __________ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.
A) expose B) commit C) pose D) transport
57. Scientists have discovered many planets orbiting distant stars, all are __________ to life.
A) unlikely B) unfriendly C) forbidden D) vulnerable
58. A healthy and better-educated new generation is a __________ for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.
A) guarantee B) security C) demand D) target
59. Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense __________ areas such as New York City.
A) agricultural B) rural C) suburban D) urban
60. My trip to the small village under the control of the enemy fire was full of delays and difficulties, but I eventually __________.
A) got by B) turned it over C) hit the sack D) made it
61. For traditional Chinese painters, fame and fortune come late, and it is __________ for artists to hold their first exhibitions when they are over seventy years old.
A) hardly common B) less frequent C) not unheard of D) just usual
62. A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel near the town square yesterday, __________ at least 12 people.
A) having been injured B) having injured C) injured D) injuring
63. When energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is always lost as heat. __________, no energy conversion is ever 100% efficient.
A) In other terms B) In other words C) In another way D) In some way
64. While freshmen are considered part of the academic elite, some of them appear to lack common sense __________ following traffic regulations.
A) coming to B) when coming to C) when it comes to D) when they come
to
65. A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough __________
a fair deal afterwards.
A) being given B) been given C) given D) to be given
66. NASA's Mars program was set back when two spacecraft failed up reaching Mars, one __________ up in the planet's atmosphere and the other __________ after a software failure.
A) burned; disappeared B) burned; disappearing C) burning; disappearing
D) burning; disappeared
67. After a very busy schedule in the past two months, Kenneth plans to take things __________ for a while.
A) at ease B) easily C) easy D) with ease
68. I just wonder if __________ ever __________ that you could have your own enterprise and run it yourself when you were still a student.
A) it ... occurred B) you ... occurred to it C) it ... occurred to you D) you ...
occurred
69. Bicycle riders want the city government to set aside special lanes for bicycles on some of the main streets, but though they have got some supporters, __________ likes the idea.
A) everyone B) not everyone C) no one D) someone
70. It can be said without exaggeration that no part of the United States is not easily accessible by car, by train, or by air, and __________ by all the three of them.
A) more often than B) more often than not C) no more often than D) less
often than
Translation (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are four items, each consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part Two of Test Paper One. You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context.
(S1) People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports.
(S2) It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident.
(S3) These killers haven't been from impoverished or extremely violent families. They don't appear to have been picked on any worse than kids have been for generations.
(S4) Named 1950 DA, the asteroid -- 1 kilometer wide -- is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said.
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Campus Security. You should write at least 130 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
1．校园治安问题对学生可能造成的影响
2．对如何搞好校园治安的建议
Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by
3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.
B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.
全新版大学英语综合教程4 Text A课后练习答案 Unit One Fighting with the Forces of Nature Part II Text A Vocabulary 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) regions 7) eclarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike. 3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete. 4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases. 2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization. 3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4)Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. III. Usage 1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it. 3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. 1. invasion 2. stand in the way 3.conquest 4. catching... off his guard 5. launching 6. declaration 7. campaign 8. drag on 9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt 2. 1. allow 2. reckoned 3. highly 4. forecasts 5. rapidly 6. instant 7. delivery 8. advantage 9. observing 10. Powerful II. Translation 1.1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2)We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons. 3)Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and