Noun Clauses (名词性从句) 导学案
Part1.主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）
一．导学
【什么是名词性从句？】
原来名词性从句是从另一个角度所命名的从句，即在句中起名词作用的从句就叫名词性从句名词性从句包括，，，。
定义-----用作的从句就叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。
Step1：感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的主语：(标出词性)
1. You are a student
2. A tree has fallen across the road.
3. Smoking is bad for you.
4. To find your way can be a problem.
5. It is impossible to finish this task in half an hour.
6. 30 years has seen the changes in our hometown.
Step2.认识主语从句，主语从句在从句中作主语。
1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2).Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.
3).Who will go makes no difference.
4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.
5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.
6) How gold was found there is not clear.
7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.
8）It is our duty that we students clean the classroom every day.
思考与探究：<1> 作主语的可以是
<2> 从句用什么语序？
<3> 8)句子的主语怎么不在句首？
★注意:
1. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is true that the earth is round.
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
2.表示“是否”意义时，用whether 而不用if引导主语从句，
Whether she will come or not is still a question .（但如果有形式主语it引导时，既可用whether，也可用if）。
3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：
e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . =It has not been decided yet when they will start .
★用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that….....是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It seems/appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that …我突然想起……
Step 3：寻规找矩：请划出下列各句的主语(部分)。
1. That she was chosen made us very happy.
2. Who will go to the concert is not known.
3. Whether she will come or not is still a question.
4. Which book they will choose is still unknown.
5. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
6. Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.
7. How they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.
8 . What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
9. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
10. It’s strange that he knows nothing about it.
11. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
12. It is said that President Hu Jingtao will visit our school next week.
[小结归纳]主语从句的引导词有：
_________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ★what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:
what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语. 而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义.
(1) ______ you said yesterday is right.
(2) ______ the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.
Step3: 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。
who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why, , that, if, whether,
1. __________ he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope _______ the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. _________ team will win the match is still unknown.
4. _________ comes to the party will receive a present.
5. __________ Mary has left is still a question.
6. It’s reported _________ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
7. _________ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.
8. We usually think _________ we can’t get seems better than what we have.
9. It is a fact ________ English is being accepted as an international language.
10. __________ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn’t been decided.
Step4: Translation 用主语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
1. 这位老人的儿子想知道的是金子藏在哪里了。
is where the gold is hidden. 2. 他是否能顺利的完成这项任务还是不确定的。
is uncertain.
3. 每个人都有一本字典是很有必要的。
everybody has a dictionary. 4. 谁杀死了这位科学家仍然是一个迷。
is still( remains) a puzzle. 5. 他们是怎么去美国的，这正是我所想知道的事情。
is just what I wanted to know. 6. 车祸为何会发生是我们所关心的事情。
is what we are concerned about. 7. 我们成功举办了2008年奥运会是一个伟大的荣幸(honor)。
that we held the 2008 Olympics successfully.
8. 据报道德华将在四月底结婚。
Andy Liu is getting married in late（at the end of）April.
9. 重要的是，大家都知道自己该做些什么。
everybody knows what he should do.
Part2. 表语从句（Noun Clauses as the Predicative）
定义-----用作___ 的从句就叫表语从句，它是名词性从句之一。
Step1：感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的表语：标出其词性
1. My mother is beautiful.
2. the man who is standing there is my father.
3.My job is teaching English.
4.The important thing in life is to have a great aim.
5.My books are in my schoolbag.
Step2认识表语从句，表语从句在复合句中做表语
1）Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.
2) The question is whether it is worth doing.
3) It looked as if it was going to snow.
4) The problem was who could do the work.
5) That is what he is worried about.
6) His trouble is where he can find a new job.
7) That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
思考与归纳：<1> 作表语的还可以是
<2> 从句的语序必修是语序
<3> 从句前面是动词；3）句中从句前是动词
Step 3：寻规找矩：请划出下列各句的表语(部分)。
1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
2. The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
3.That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
4.This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
5.That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
6.It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
7.The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
8.The problem is who can host this meeting.
9.The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
10.The problem is whether we can get the things we need
11.He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业
[小结归纳]表语从句的引导词有：
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 对比这两种从句的引导词发现什么
引导词分为三类即连接代词、连接副词和连接词，
连接代词有
连接副词有
从属连词有
Step4: 选择适当的词填空引导从句，使句子意思完整。
who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why, because, that, if, whether, as if/though
1) The question is we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) The question is we can go back to our homeland
3) But the fact remains we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is he missed the early bus.
5).Our plan is we’11 90 there once a week．
6).This is I want．
7).Their difficulty is they can raise enough money．
8).That is he caught a cold yesterday．
9).This is she did it．
10).What he wants to know is we can finish our work by tomorrow morning．
11).It looks it is going to snow．
Step4: Translation 用表语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
The trouble is (that) . 麻烦是他已丢了他的钱。The question is .问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激凌。The question is . 问题是我们中的那一个应该去。The problem was .问题是谁能这项工作。That's .那就是他所正在担忧的。Go and get your coat. It's . 去取你的上衣，它在你落下的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s .那就是我湿透的原因。
That is .那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的(ruin )。
It looked . 看起来天要下雨。
That's .那是因为我们从来没想到它。
It seems . 他似乎不知道答案。
主语从句：Step1:
that, who, whether, which, when, why, how, what, whoever
Step 2
1. Why
2. that
3. Which
4. Whoever
5. Whether, why, how, when
6. that
7. How, when whether,
8. what
9. that 10. Who
Step 3
1. What the old man’s son wants to know is where the gold is hidden.
2. Whether he can finish the task successfully is uncertain.
3. It is necessary that everybody has a dictionary.
4. Who killed the scientist is still( remains) a puzzle.
5. How they went to America is just what I wanted to know.
6.Why the accident happened is what we are concerned about.
7. It is a great honor that we held the 2008 Olympics successfully. (That we held the 2008 Olympics successfully is a great honor)
8. Whatever you said may do harm to（hurt）others.
9. It is reported that Andy Liu is getting married in late（at the end of）April.
10. It is important that everybody knows what he should do.
11. It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment today.
12. Whichever road you choose now will decide what kind of person you will be in the future(who you will be in the future。
表语从句填词答案
Step3:用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
Our plan is that we’11 90 there once a w eek．
This is what I want．
Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money．
That is why he caught a cold yesterday．
This is how she did it．
What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning．It looks as if it is going to snow．
表语从句补全句子
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through.那就是我湿透的原因。That is how mice ruin much grain every year.那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的。
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。
That's because we never thought of it.那是因为我们从来没想到它。
It seems as if he didn’t know the answer. 他似乎不知道答案。
Module 3 Unit5同位语从句（Noun Clauses as the Appositive）
一、概念
所谓同位语，是指跟在某些名词的后面，对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括，但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。
Step 1: 找出下列句子中的同位语：
1. The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money．
2. He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
3. That’s her habit, reading in bed．
4. Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea．
5. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
6. I’m looking for a job driving cars．
7. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends．
8. He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
Step 2:划出下列句子中的同位语从句：
1.The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed．
2. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting．
3. The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl．
4. The news that our team has won the game was true.
5. I have no idea where I should go.
6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
7. The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.
[小结归纳]主语从句的引导词有：
Step 3.巩固练习：
1. The fact ___ _ she works hard is well known to us all．
2. I will find him he may be.
3. He often asked me the question _ ___ the work was worth doing．
4. wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
5. I have no idea ___ _ he will start．
6. I've come from the government with a message __ __ the meeting won't be held tomorrow．
7. You can take seat you want.
8. l have no idea he will be back．
9. He must answer the question he agrees to it or not.
10. Xiao Wang has solved the problem the TV was out of order .
11. You can eat you like.
12. I’ll find him, he is,.
13. None of us knows these new parts can be bought.
14. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that you had a few days off ?
Step 4:用主语从句翻译下列句子:
１我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
２．我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
３．将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
４．他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
５．不论谁赢了都会获得金牌。
6．她所做的事情都是对的。
７．他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。
8．这里有一个问题：我们该到哪里去？
9．他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。
10．我不知道他什么时候被害的。
11．他们没有回答他们在哪里出生这个问题。
12．我们不知道他是否活着。
答案解析
Step 1
1．用名词或代词作同位语。2．用形容词作同位语。5．用-ing形式作同位语。6．用不定式作同位语。
*1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的<同位语>。
our new teacher是<主语>Mr. Smith的<同位语>,指同一人。
a friend of my brother's是<宾语>Tom的<同位语>,指同一人。
*2如<同位语>与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
himself和John都是单一的字作<同位语>,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。
*3<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
如<同位语>与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
*4<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。（11，12）
Step2:同位语的句子1，That 2, whether.3,whether,4, that, 5, where, 6, how, 7, that 定语的句子
句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的容，同时，that只起连词作用，在从句中既不是主语，也不是宾语，但不能省略，所以它是同位语从句。
寻规找矩：
我们可用连词that, whether以及连接代词who, which, what和连接副词how, when, where, why等来引导从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。在同位语从句中that 虽不作句子成分，且无意义，但不可省略。同位语从句常对一些抽象名词做进一步的解释和说明。这些名词常见的有：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order 等。
step 3.巩固练习
1：that 2．wherever 3．whether 4.Whoever5 when 6 that 7．whichever 8 that 9. When 10. whether 11. whatever 12. Wherever 13. where 14. why
Step4 translation
1.The news that I have passed the exam is true．
2. We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time．
3. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once．
4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school．
5. Whoever wins will get a golden medal.
6. Whatever she did was right.
7. He didn't give the answer the question why he was late.
8. There is a question where we should go.
9. The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry.
10. I have no idea when he was killed.
11. They didn't answer the question where they were born.
12. We have no information whether he is alive.
补充：一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。
二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。
三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。
四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。
五、whether, what 可引导同位语从句，但通常不可引导定语从句。
必修三Unit4主语从句(Subject Clause) ?定义: 在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。 ?位置： 1.通常放在主句谓语动词之前 That he will succeed is certain. Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. Whether he will join us won't make difference. How the book will sell depends on its author. What caused the accident remains unknown. 2.由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. ?辨别下列从句的类别(1-6)：主从；宾从；表从；主从；宾从；主从 ?主语从句的连接词 引导主语从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether / if；连接代词：what, which who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whichever等；连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等。 ●that:1.无词义；2.在主语从句中不作成分；3.一般不能省略（尤其在句首时） That he will come and help us is certain. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. ●Whether / if: 1.有词义：“是否”；2.在主语从句中不作成分；3. whether引导的主语从句可 放句首、句末；4. If引导的主语从句不能位于句首。 Whether we will succeed is still a question. If we will succeed is still a question. (×) It is not known whether / if he will come. what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever when, where，why, how等。 1.有词义； 2.在主语从句中作成分。 What he is has nothing to do with you. Whose ticket this is has not been found out. When the test will be given is not yet decided. Whatever you did is right. ?如何选择连接代词和连接副词 在主语从句中，连接词的选择要看这个从句的句子结构，假如根据意思判断为缺少主语，宾语，表语等时应该考虑who, whoever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whom, whomever；如果缺少定语则想到whose, which；如果缺少状语则应该选择how, where, when, why等。因此要想做好题目首先得了解句子成分。 What I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind. （缺少understand的宾语，意为“…的事”） Whoever breaks the law will be punished.（缺少breaks的主语，意为“无论谁”） ?主语从句后置！ 为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，主语从句作主语时通常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us. =It surprised us that he finished writing the composition in such a short time. Whether he will come or not doe sn’t matter. =It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. Who will do that job is not yet decided. =It is not yet decided who will do that job. ?用it作形式主语的that从句有以下搭配关系： 1. It + be +形容词+ that从句 It is necessary / important / obvious / certain / natural…that… It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.
主语从句练习题 一．翻译 1．(谁将去接他)_______________________________________________ is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)__________________________________ is not clear . 3．(他能否买到飞机票)______________________________________ doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里)__________________________________________ is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的)_______________________________________ was really a surprise. 6．(他什么时候出国)_______________________________________ is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭)___________________________________________ is not clear. 8．It is clear______________________________________________(他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁)______________________________________________ is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)____________________________________ is not clear. 二．找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 3. It is certain that we shall be late. 4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？ 6. It is clear that he was telling the truth. 7. It’s probable that we’ll be a little late. 8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 9. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 10. It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was. 11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 12. It’s a pity that you can’t go with us. 13. What he did is not yet known. 14. It is said that he has been there many times. 15. It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident. 16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question. 17. It seems that he has lost something. 18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. 19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle. 20. It remains a problem whether it is true. 21. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished. 22. What she looks like doesn’t matter.
必修3 语法 Unit 1& Unit 2 Modal verbs情态动词(讲解详见P91—94) 1. 情态动词的语法特征: 1)情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变 化。 3）只作情态动词的: can / could, may / might, ought to, must 可情态可实义的: need, dare 可情态可助动词的: shall / should, will /would 相当于情态动词的: have to, used to 2. 情态动词： can & could, may & might, will & would, shall & should, must/ can, ought to & ought not to, have to & don’t have to, mustn’t & needn’t等 注意事项： 1. can 和could 接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can 用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。Could have done 表示本可以做的事情但却没有做 e.g. They can’t have gone out because the light is still on. 2. 以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：— Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you can. 3. shall 可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如： You shall be punished if you break the rule. 4. should 表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”。“should + have + 过去分词表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 e.g. You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。 5. must 用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用must 否定式用needn’t 或don’t have to，做“不必”, mustn’t 表示“禁止，不允许” — Must I finish all assignments at a time? — Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. must 表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。 Eg: He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 练一练： 一、选择。 1. I ______ worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who
高考英语主语从句 定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。 连接词： 1. 从属连词：that，whether 1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做主语，表语，介词宾语，同位语时！不可用if代替。 a.That price will go up is certain. b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2. 连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question. 1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What 不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。 What we need is money. That he will come is certain. 2）whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中） whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如: Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. 3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided. 4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late. 1）用it 作形式主语的结构 A. It + be + 形容词+ that 从句 (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B. It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如： It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… …是事实It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It’s a pity that we can’t go. C. It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。）如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. D. It + 不及物动词或短语+ that 从句( seem，happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out）。如： It happened that I was out that day. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从
高中英语名词性从句专练100题 一、从句类别判断：划出下面主从复合句里所包含的从句，并指出其所属从句的类别。 1. Do you have any idea where they found the gold mine? 2. Do you know where they found the gold mine? 3. This is the island where they found the gold mine. 4. This island is the one where they found the gold mine. 5. This island is where they found the gold mine. 6. It was on this island that they found the gold mine. 7. Finally on the first day of October they reached an island, where they found a gold mine. 8. Finally on the first day of October they reached an island, one where they found a gold mine. 9. Finally on the first day of October they arrived where they found the gold mine. 10. Quite unexpectedly, what they found on the island was a gold mine. 11. They could never have imagined that they could find such a big gold mine on that island. 12. It surprised the whole country that they had found a gold mine on that island. 13. That they had found a big gold mine on an island surprised the whole country. 14. Word had it that they had found a gold mine on that island. 15. People flocked to the island after they heard that a gold mine was found there. 16. People flocked to the island after hearing the news that a gold mine was found there. 17. Locals found it hard to believe that there was such a big gold mine on this island. 18. Locals soon declared that they owned the gold mine. 19. Locals soon made an announcement that they owned the gold mine. 20. Under no circumstance should they accept the deal that locals owned half of the gold mine. 二、单句语法填空 21. _________ worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill. 22. She has some doubts __________ she is eating too much fast food high in fat or sugar. 23. Maybe this is also a reason _________ she is becoming fatter and fatter these days, she thinks. 24. To find out _________ she can get slimmer and healthier has become her main task.. 25. But where she could get suggestions and ________ will give her advice puzzles her. 26. Jane Goodall’s research makes_______ clear that chimps actually eat meat. 27. Jane Goodall argues _________ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. 28. It’s not really surprising_______ Brie Larson won the Oscar award for Best Actress in a Leading Role as she’s so talented and hard working 29. Cloning has two major uses, one of ________ is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. 30. No one knows exactly _________ the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 31. The “Big Bang” happened several billion years ago, but _________ the earth was to become after that was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billions years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 32. Some people have the idea ________ you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact ________ Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. 33. It was a fter two days’ travel ________ the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.
名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 引导词：主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what, who, which, when, where, how, why等 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 一、主语从句 与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省； （一）、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 （二），主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if 不能用； 1）、陈述句用that。 2）、一般疑问句用whether。 3）、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。 2.经常隐身（以it为形式主语出现）。 例句： 1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2. 表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3. 从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known.
一、主语从句练习： 1． (谁将去接他) is not decided. 2． (哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛) is not clear so far. 3． (他能否买到飞机票）doesn’t matter much. 4． (我们如何去那里) is a question. 5． (你刚才告诉我的） is being discussed 7． (他为什么哭) is not clear. 8． It is clear (他是一个乞丐). 9． (你要请谁) is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛） is not clear. 二、宾语从句练习题： 类型一：引导词的运用 1. I don’t know ___________or not． A． whether he is at home B． if he is at home C． that he is at home D． whether is he at home 2. This depends on _________ the weather is fine． A． which B． whether C． if D． that 3. The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in． A． which B． where C． if D． that 4. I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us．He’ll help us with our English． A． why B． when C． how D． where 5.－－－ Be careful！Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I said? David? －－－ Yes， Mum A． what B． that C． why D． If 类型二：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序 you find out ______? A． she was looking for whose child B． whose child was she looking for C． whose child she is looking for D． whose child she was looking for you interested in _____? A． how did he do it B． he did it how C． how he did it D． he how did it don’t know _____． Can you tell me? A． how the two players are old B． how old are the two players C． the two players are how old D． how old the two players are 4.－－－ What did the scientist say? －－－ He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day． A． he had to fly B． he could fly C． can he fly D． could he fly 5. She asked Tom ________ with his car? A． what the matter was B． what the matter is C． what was the matter D． what is the matter 类型三：时态 ’s 7：30．I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．A．haven’t started B．didn’ｔ C．don’t start D．hadn’t started
英语语法名词性从句用法小结 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一. 名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类： 1. that（无含义，不充当成分） 2. whether, if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分） 3. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever. （在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语） 连接副词：when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why（在从句中做状语） 4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句） 二. 四类名词性从句语法要点 1.主语从句 在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 it 作形式主语：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放 于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 It is clear that he is innocent in the accident. 很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。 2. 宾语从句 在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 it 作形式宾语：在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中，如果宾语是从句的形式，则必须 用it 做形式宾语，把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。 We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day. 我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。 3. 表语从句 在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didn’t come t o the meeting.
Section Ⅲ Grammar —主语从句 在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。 一、主语从句的连接词 1．连接词that和whether (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 ①That Whitney Houston died upset her fans all over the world. 惠特尼·休斯顿的离世令全世界的粉丝感到难过。 (2) whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 ②Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 即学即练1 1－1.完成句子 ①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 _________________________ made us very happy. ②他被选为(be chosen as)志愿者(volunteer)让我们感到高兴。 ____________________________ made us happy. ③我们明天是否举行派对取决于天气。 ____________________________ depends on the weather. ④(湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A．why B．HowC．whether D．when 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever, whomever, whatever 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 ①Who will take his place is not important.谁将代替他并不重要。 ②Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 无论是谁只要违法就应该受到惩罚。 3．连接副词(when, where, how, why等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 ③When we will have a meeting is an important question [点津] 主语从句中连接词的选择标准： ⅰ.根据连词在句子中所作的语法成分； ⅱ.根据连接词在从句中的意义。 2－1.用连接代词或连接副词填空并写出它们在从句中所作的语法成分 ①What role he will play in the film hasn't been known.______ ②Why John was late for the class has been unexplained._______ ③Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.____
A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you. What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Subject（主语）
“How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.
Subject Clause 主语从句 一、定义 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前；或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author.
二、主语从句的连接词 That he will win is certain. Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance. 1. 从属连词： that：只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 whether：意为