一．代词
1.人称代词作表语时,在口语中常用宾格形式
Who’s that? It’s me.
2.no和none
no==not any(没有),只作定语,修饰可数名词(单,复数)和不可数名词.
none 相当于名词,作主语和宾语. None代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; 代替可数名词做主语时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在非正式文体中更常用复数形式.
She has no brother(s).
None of them Know(s) English.
None of us is/are afraid of difficulties.
I need some money, but there is none
at hand.
3.none 表示“三个或三个以上都不…”.
None of my friends smoke.
我的朋友都不抽烟.
All my friends do not smoke.
我的朋友并不是个个抽烟
4.Both sisters are here.姐妹俩都在这里.
Both sisters are not here.
并不是姐妹俩都在这里.
Neither of the sisters is here.
姐妹俩都不在这里.
5.another,the other和the others
another “另一个,又一个” (泛指,三者以上)
the other “两者中的另一个”
the others “其余的(几个,一些)”
Would you like to have another cup of tea?
This article is better than the others.
6.each和every
都表示“每个”.但each强调“个别”, every强调“全体”. every只能作定语; each可作主语,宾语,定语和同位语.
Each person in turn went to see the
doctor.
He gave every patient the same
medicine.
Each of them did his best.
He gave them each an apple.
7.One
one可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词,以免重复. 有复数形式ones. one 还可作“任何一个人”解,有所有格形式one’s 和反身代词oneself.
I haven’t a notebook. Can you lend me
one?
You should see her photos. She’s
taken some very good ones.
One must do one’s duty.
One should not praise oneself.
8.在同一句中重复说one时,英国人仍说one
(one’s), 美国人则说he(his).
One cannot pass the examination
unless one (he) works hard.
9.关系代词which的先行词不是一个名词,而是一个句子.
She said she had lost her watch, which was not true.
10.在形容词最高级,序数词和大部分不定代词(all,much,little,any,anything, anybody, something,somebody,nobody,no one, everything等)以及等词的后面,用关系代词She is the most careful girl (that) I know.
Everything that can be done must be done.
The first boy that came to school was Li Ping.
I will give you all that I have.
He was the only student that didn’s pass the examination.
You may come at any time that is convinient to you.
11.当先行词既有人又有物时,要用that.
The characters and events that are describe in this play are taken from history.
Choose the best answer:
1.Sorry,we don’t understand you. ___of us can speak German.
A. A little
B. A few
C. Little
D. Few
2.I have a brother and a sister. They are ___living in Australia.
A. either
B. both
C. neither
D. all
3.___of them can be trusted, because they are not honest at all.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. All
4.Our factory gave ___worker a bonus(奖金) of 800 yuan at the end of the year to praise their hardworking.
A. either
B. every
C. all
D. both
5.We like travelling. This summer my family are ___going to Qingdao for holidays.
A. each
B. every
C. both
D. all
6.During the exam no one is allowed to ask ___questions.
A. some
B. any
C. all
D. a few
7.The notice said that ___ students and their parents should come to school this afternoon.
A. each
B. every
C. all
D. both
8.Go along North Street, and you can find a tower at ____end of the bridge.
A. both
B. every
C. either
D. any
9.Tove does not know ____of them. She only knows a few of them.
A. all
B. none
C. both
D. any
10.When the teacher asked the two boys, they ___ offered a solution to the problem.
A. every
B. each
C. none
D. all
11.Helen is older than ___of the other girls in her class. She is not the oldest.
A. some
B. any
C. no
D. either
12.___the three buses will take you to the Palace Museum. You can take any of them.
A. Any
B. All
C. None
D. Neither
二．形容词和副词
1.一般的形容词既可作定语,也可作表语.但是有些形容词只能作定语,不能作表语,如wooden(木制的),daily(每日的)等.另外有些形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如well(健康的,好),afraid(害怕),alive(活的),alone(单独的),awake(醒着的),等等.
2.两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词,通常是关系最密切的要靠近被修饰的名词.
a big black cat
the round glass table
an interesting English play
3.在量度表达法中,形容词放在量度名词之后
two meters high
nine years old
ten feet wide
4.地点副词常放句末.如果时间副词和地点副词同时出现,一般是地点副词在前,时间副词在后.
He often came here.
He came here yesterday.
5.副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之后.
I met your uncle on my way home.
The people there were very kind to me
Choose the best answer
1.His hair turns grey, but he is two years than my father.
A. smaller
B. less
C. elder
D. younger
2.He is the most famous physicist___.
A. live
B. alive
C. living
D. lively
3.We still does not understand what will happen, so we have to wait for the ___notice.
A. further
B. farther
C. far
D. farer
4.Kelly works harder in English than___in her class. She is the best student in English.
A. all the students
B. anyone else
C. any student
D. any students
5.___you work, ___you will learn.
A. Harder, more
B. Hard, much
C. The hard, the much
D. The harder, the more
6.Among the three pictures, this one is the ___ beautiful.
A. least
B. more
C. less
D. very
7.The teacher said to Ted, “I hope you will do your homework ___ next time.”
A. much more carefully
B. much carefully
C. a bit carefully
D. a bit more carefully
8.I am astonished that she spends so much money on books, because I know how___ she earns.
A. little
B. many
C. less
D. few
9.If you don’t practise ___, you won’t speak ___ English.
A. much, well
B. many, good
C. better, more
D. more, better
10.There will be a dancing party tomorrow afternoon, ___ are busy preparing for it.
A. There students
B. The students there
C. There the students
D. The there students
11.The boy’s mother took him to the store to buy him a birthday present. Of all the toys, he chose ___.
A. the less expensive one
B. the least expensive one
C. most expensive one
D. the most expensive
12.Tom and Tony are twin brothers. Tony is ___ of the two.
A. the taller
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
13.This film is ___ the one we saw last week.
A. less more interesting
B. not so interesting as
C. less interesting as
D. fewer interesting as
14.Alice is in her bedroom. It is ___.
A. to upstairs
B. upstairs
C. upstair
D. to upstair
15.Harry is leaving. He has been here since a month ___.
A. before
B. later
C. ago
D. ahead
16.Look! What a ___ tower! The birds can’t fly that ___.
A. highly, high
B. highly, highly
C. high, high
D. high, highly
17.Hold the book ___ please, for I can’t see the words in it clearly.
A. more closer
B. closer
C. more closely
D. closely
18.He is so astonished that he ___ knew what to say.
A. never
B. seldom
C. hard
D. hardly
19.Would you be ___ to show me the way to the railway station?
A. so good
B. good enough
C. so good enough
D. enough good
20.The second blind man said that the elephant is more like a spare than___.
A. anyone else
B. anything
C. nothing
D. anything else
三．助动词和情态动词
1.Do 加强陈述句和祈使句的语气
I do work hard.
Do be careful.
2.Do 用于避免主要动词的重复出现
Do you smoke? Yes, I do.
I went to the concert yesterday.
So did he.
3.Do 构成倒装句
Never did he go there again.
Only then did I understand what she meant.
4.can和be able to都可以表示能力,意义上没有区别,但can 只有现在式和过去(could),
而be able to则有更多的形式.
No one is able to do it./No one can do it.
We shall be able to finish the work next
week.
I haven’t been able to find the book.
5.在回答带有“must”的问句时,否定式常用need not (needn’t)或don’t have to,表示“不必”, 而不用must not ,因为must not 表示“不可以”
Must I be home before eight o’clock?
Yes,you must.
No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
6.Must表示推测,只用在肯定句中.
“must + 动词原形”表示对现在事情的推测.
The Chinese language must have the
largest number of speakers.
“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去事情的推测.
She must have arrived by now.
7.Ought to表示应该做某事(和should差不多,只是语气稍重一些)
You ought to follow your father’s advice.
He said that you ought to pay more attention
to your studies.
Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to)
8.“ ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应该做但还没有做的事情.
I ought to have phoned him this morning,
but I forgot.
四．虚拟语气
1.非真实条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反,if从句用过去式, 主句用“should/would/could/might +不定式”
If I were her age, I would be very active in class.
If you tried again, you might succeed.
(2)表示与过去事实相反,if从句用过去完成式, 主句用“should/would/could/might +不定式完成式”
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.
(3)表示未来实现可能性极小, if从句用should/were to, 主句用“should/would/ could/might +不定式”
If I should / were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way.
2.条件从句中有were,had,should时,可以省略if,把were,had,should放到句首.
Were I asked, I would tell all the facts.
Had it not been for your help, I could not have completed.
3.在if only 感叹句中
(1)if only表示“但愿”, “要是……就好”它的用法和I wish基本相同,只是更富有感情色彩.
If only he didn’t drive so fast!(I wish he didn’t drive so fast.
If only she had asked someone’s advice.
(2)与would连用,表示一时很难实现的愿望.
If only the rain would stop.(I wish it would stop.)
(3)if only感叹句也可理解为非真实条件句中if从句的加强语气.
If only you would agree to help me next week, I would not be so nervous.
因此only可移至主要动词前
If I could only go to the concert.
也可用but/just
If I could but/just explain!
4.在would rather后的that从句中.
(1)would rather意为“宁愿”,that从句动词用过去式表示不是事实
Would you like him to paint the door green?
I’d rather (that) he painted it blue.
5.在It’s (about/high)time后的that从句中.用过去式。
It’s (about )time you were in bed.
It’s (high) time (that) we left.
6.在as if / as though从句中
(1)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式.
He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.
She spoke to me as if I were/was deaf.
(2)表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式
This device operated as if it had been repaired.
(3)如果可能成为事实,用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
7.在suggest 等动词后及其相应名词之后的that从句中.
(1)常用“(should) +不定式”表示建议,命令,要求,想法等.美国英语不用should
Bill suggested that everyone (should )have a map.
It was suggested that everyone have a map.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone have a map.
We were going to discuss his suggestion that everyone have a map.
(2)这类动词及其名词常见的有:
advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), demand, determine (determination), indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), urge, allow, arrange, ask, beg, ensure, intend,
1.I wish my wife___(be) here to advise me.
2.I wish I___ (have) your opportunities when I was young.
3.I hope it___ (not be) true.
4.I hope they ___(be) pleased when they see the photographs.
5.If only he___ (not smoke) so much, he’d feel much better.
6.But I told you what to do.
I know you did. If only I ___(take) your advice!
五．主谓一致
1.两个主语用and连接时,谓语动词用复数.
My brother and I have seen the flim.
To mean to do something and actually to do something are two different things.
如果两个名词指一个人或物时,用单数.
The worker and writer has written a new novel.
2.两个主语用with,together with, as well as,except, but 连接,谓语动词与前一个主语一致.
A woman with two children is sitting at the gate.
The teacher as well as the students was present at the meeting.
Two workers as well as the factory director were present at the meeting.
John, together with his wife, was at the party.
Everybody except Tim speaks sme Chinese.
No one but myself knows anything about it.
3.两个主语用either…or或neither…nor连接,谓语动词与后一个主语一致.
Neither he nor I have done it.
Either you or I am going to pick her up.
4.如果there be结构中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词与第一个主语一致
There is a cup, a pen, and some books on the desk.
There are two doctors and a nurse in the office.
5.集体名词group, class, family, audience, crew, committee, army, club, company, crowd, couple, government, party, staff, team, public等作主语时,如果视为整体,用单数; 视为个体(个个成员),用复数.
My family is large.
The family are sitting at the breakfast
table.
This group is having a meeting.
Our group are reading newspapers.
6.people, military, police, cattle,crew,medium,bacteria等集体名词作主语时,谓语用复数
In some places rats have been seen, and people have been warned to be careful.
The police are looking for the thief.
The cattle were grazing at the foot of the hill.
7.数词做主语时,用单数,复数都可以.
3+4=7
Three and four is (are) seven.
Three plus four equals (equal) seven.
Three and four makes (make) seven.
4X5=20
Four times five is twenty.
8.表示时间,价格,距离和度量的复数名词作主语,如果被看作一个整体,则表示单数意义,根据概念一致的原则,用单数.
Twenty years is a long period in his life.
Three thousand dollars is more than I can afford.
Two third of the area is under the water.
9.名词化形容词作主语,根据概念一致的原则,决定谓语动词用单数还是复数.
(1)名词化形容词如果指某一类人(或事物)时,则表示复数意义.
The old are well looked after by the government.
The dying usually think back of their past.
有时候,在某些特定的情况下,这类词也可以指某个特定的人,表示单数意义. 人们通常把它看作省略了名词man.
(2)名词化形容词如果指某种抽象的概念或事物),则表示单数意义.
The useful is not always reasonable.
The good is always beautiful and the beautiful is not always good.
10.某些代词作主语
1）each和some, any, no, every构成的代词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.
Somebody wants to see you, sir.
Is there anything I can do for you?
There is really nothing to be said.
2) both, some, many, few, all(of them)后的谓语多用复数形式。
Both of them are English.
Many are for going by plane.
Few of my friends like Sheila.
代表不可数东西的代词跟单数谓语：
All is going well.
Some of the milk has gone sour.
3)有些代词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，根据意思来决定。
Neither of the books is of any use to me.
Neither are suitble for a newspaper.
None of my friends has ever been to Paris.
None of us are perfect.
六．句子
一、什么是句子
句子是表达思想的基本单位，只有完整的句子才能表达完整的思想。句子由单词组成，但组成时必须遵循一定的规则，这就是语法。
?二、句子成分
句子主要有下面这些成分：
1.主语(Subject)----是一句话的中心整句话都谈它的情况：
My siser is a nurse.
Her room is on the fifth floor.
2.谓语(Predicate)----是主语的主要情况，可表示动作，也可表示状态：
She works in a hospital.
She knows a little English.
3.宾语(Object)----表示动作的承受者，也可表示动作的结果：
Everybody likes her.
4.表语(Predicative)----和系动词一起构成谓语：
She is a kind girl.
The report sounds true.
5.定语(Attribute)----修饰名词、代词等：
Her hospital is not very big.
Everyone in the hospital works hard.
She is a responsible girl.
6.状语(Adverbial)----修饰动词、形容词或副词：
She gets up very early.
She feels very happy.
此外还有同位语，插入语及呼语。
?三、句子的种类
按说话的目的分为四类：
1.陈述句----陈述一个事实或表明一个看法：
The bank closes at six.
She may be right.
I wish you success.
2.疑问句----提出问题，请对方回答，形式是
助动词、情态动词、疑问词先行。问句可分为四类
1）一般疑问句----一般由yes或no回答：
Are you from China?
Do you know English?
Are they in town now? I think so.
2）特殊疑问句
Where should I sit?
How long do you plan to stay here?
3）选择疑问句----提出两种可能，问那种情况属实：
Are you from the South or from the North?
Would you like coffee or tea?
4）反意疑问句----由两部分组成，前面是陈
述句，后面为简短句，如果前面是肯定句，
后面一般是否定句，如果前面是否定句，
后面一般是肯定句：
You come from Britain, don’t you?
Yes, I do.
Your wife isn’t in China now, is she?
Yes, she is.(不，她在)
3.祈使句----提出命令、请求等，形式是动词原形先行，主语省略：
Don’t be late again.
Take a seat, please.
4.感叹句----表示赞美、惊异等情绪，形式是修饰短语，后接主语及be。主语及be可以省略：What a nice day!
How silly you are!
从结构上说分为三类：
1.简单句----句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构,大体可以分为五种类型（见五种基本句型）
2.并列句----句子成分都由单词或短语担任，但有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构：
It was getting late; she must star back home.
We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.
但更多的并列句都包含一个并列连词，把两部分连接起来。（and, or, for, but, so, yet, nor, not only… but also, either… or, neither…nor）
I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed
You must hurry or you won’t make it for the train.
还有一些副词也起连词的作用，可帮助构成并列句：
I think; therefore I am.
He cannot speak, neither can he hear.
3.复合句----有一个或更多成分由从句担任。复合句包含下列几类从句：
1）名词性从句
a.主语从句
※that引起的主语从句
That she is still alive is a consolation.
It is strange that it hasn’t been noticed before.
It’s a pity that he didn’t finish college.
It happened that the harvest was bad that year.
It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan.
※由连接代词、连接副词或由连词whether引起的主语从句How many people we are to invite is still a question.
It is still a question how many people we are to invite.
It was clear enough what she meant.
It’s a puzzle how life began.
It didn’t matter much where he lived.
Is it known where they went?
※由关系代词型what引起的主语从句
What he said id true.
What you have to do is to choose a company to invest in.
b.表语从句
What surprised me was that she knew so much about China.
That’s how I look at it.
That’s where you are wrong.
That’s what I want to stress.
c.宾语从句
She said that she didn’t want to know.
I didn’t know whether they liked the place.
I wonder if it’s large enough.
I want to tell you what I hear.
I’m afraid that…
We are sure that…
d.同位语从句
We received a message that he would be absent.
2）定语从句
This is the book whitch\that was on the desk.
Jim introduced me to a girl who sat next to him.
These are the reasons why we did it.
3）状语从句
（时间、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式、地点、比较）七、副词
副词的构成
?本身就是副词: often, rather …
?由形容词副词的类型（略）
加词尾-ly变化而来: rapidly, simply, easily, fully, truly, historically…
?有些单音节词可以直接用作副词，而不必加-ly: far, fast, late, hard …
?副词和形容词同形: early, enough…
以ly 结尾的形容词
?friendly, motherly, fatherly, womanly, manly, heavenly …
?daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly …
?lovely, orderly, timely, deadly, lively, costly …
易混淆的(同源)副词
?clean “完全地”
cleanly “干净利落地”
?clear “完全地” (= clean)
clearly “清楚地”
但下列结构两者均可：
He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly).
?close “近”
closely “细心地，严密地，紧密地”
?direct “直线地，不绕圈子地”
directly “直接地” (与“间接地”相对)
“立即，马上”
?hard “努力地”
hardly “几乎不”
?easy 只用于某些固定搭配中
easily “容易地”
high / highly
?high: 常用在指具体意义的“高”及某些固定结构中,如：
aim high 力争上游，
hold one’s head high 骄傲
search high and low 到处搜寻
?highly: 通常指抽象意义的“高”，也可用来修饰形容词，表示“很，极”，如：He spoke highly of her.
The book is highly interesting.
right / rightly
?right: 能作多种解释，用以修饰副词、介词，或在句中作状语
Go right home.
That’s the book, right in front of us.
Nothing seems to go right with me.
?rightly: 通常置于动词之前，“正确地”
?wide “宽地”（具体）
widely “广泛地”（抽象）
?free “免费地”
freely “自由地”
?deep “深地”（具体）
deeply “深地”（抽象）
特殊的副词much
?She didn’t talk much.
?I’m not much good at singing.
?That was much the best meal I’ve had for years.
?She is much too busy to see visitors.
副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法
?She went farther and farther away.
?The more I thought, the more extraordinary did it appear.
?We’d better not disturb him.
?You ought to know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day.
?He was going to answer me back, but he thought better of it.
?I had best have your opinion first.
八．形容词的类型
?品质形容词Qualitative Adjectives
?类属形容词classifying adjectives
?颜色形容词colour adjectives
?强调形容词emphasizing adjectives
?-ing形容词
?-ed形容词
?合成形容词compound adjectives
-ing形容词VS. -ed形容词
exciting news – excited audience
boiling water – boiled water
a pleasing voice – a pleased look
a terrifying story – a terrified child
表语形容词VS. 定语形容词
?有一些形容词，特别是以a-开头的形容词，一般在句中只用作表语
?大部分形容词都可作定语，也可作表语，但有一部分形容词只能作定语?有些形容词通常用作表语，但在个别情况下可用作定语
?有些形容词可以放在名词前，也可放在名词后，
意思有时不同
?There are many old men present.
What’s your present feeling?
?形容词修饰由some-, any-, every-, no-等构成的合成代词时须后置
?Something strange, anything special
?形容词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后
?Xi’an is a city famous for its historic spots.
形容词的比较级别
?形容词比较级和最高级的形式
?不规则的比较级和最高级形式
late, later, latest (表示时间)
late, latter, last (表示顺序)
?有些形容词没有比较级和最高级: unique, favorite, perfect, extreme, initial, supreme, final, infinite, ultimate, recent, inferior, superior, matchless, maximum, minimum, 这一类词一般也不用程度副词来修饰
形容词比较级的用法
?形容词比较级的形式:
(倍数) ＋比较级＋than
?形容词比较级的修饰语
?too与can’t 连用修饰一个形容词，表示“……也不过分”；
too … to 结构表结果，一般意为“太……而不能……”，具有否定意义；但too后若修饰kind, ready，willing, happy等词时，不表结果，也无否定意义。
?(1)More…than 比较两种品质，“更多…而不是
?This is more a war movie than a western.
?(2)more and more
?(3)the more…the more
?The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
?4)more than+数词，”超过，多于…”
?5）less than “不到…”, “不太”
?I bought it for less than a dollar.
?The boys were less than happy about having a party.
?6)no less than “多达，不少于“
?No less than 1,000 people came.
?7)more or less 基本上，大体上，大约
?The work is more or less finished.
?The answers were more or less right.
形容词比较级的特殊用法
?并不是所有的比较级都必须与than搭配，有些形容词原型已具有比较意义，后面要接to：
anterior / prior / posterior + to
superior / inferior + to
senior / junior + to
形容词比较级的特殊用法
?若对两者进行比较，句中又无than出现，则常用: the＋比较级＋of the two
?比较级的惯用语：
He has no more than 20 yuan.
He has not more than 20 yuan.
She is no more beautiful than May.
She is not more beautiful than May.
比较级的惯用语
?no more than = only “仅”
?not more than = at most “至多”
?no more … than = neither … nor… “和……一样不”
?not more … than = less … than “不如”
?no less than = as much / many as
?not less than = at least “至少”
?no less … than = as … as “与……一样”
?not less … than = more … than “比……更”
?I would rather die than give in.
?She is not very beautiful, but I love her none the less.
?Now it is no longer a dream to fly to the moon.
?I know better than to quarrel with him.
形容词最高级的用法
?形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，通常用in, among或of引导的介词短语说明比较的范围
?形容词最高级前可用much, by far, quite far, nearly, almost等来修饰；但使用very来修饰时，必须是：
the very + 形容词最高级
形容词最高级的用法
?一般情况下，形容词最高级前要带the，但当形容词的最高级作表语又不和其他事物相比较时，前面一般不加the：
He is the busiest (boy) in the class.
He is busiest in September.
包含名词化形容词的词组
?他将永远离开这座城市。For good
?那杀手好几周都逍遥法外。At large
?他们之间的关系日益恶化。From bad to worse
?好歹他们是街坊。For better for worse
?她白等了。In vain
九．动词句型
S+Vi Every body smiled
S+Vt+O He knows everything
S+V+Oi+Od I showed him my passport
S+Vlink+C The boy looks healthy
S+Vt+O+C What made you angry?
基本框架S+V 祈使句
第一类句型S+Vi
S+Vi (1)
The sun is rising.
It’s snowing.
The train is arriving.
May I go?
S+Vi+adverbial (2)
Did you sleep well?
Don’t drive so fast.
She swims like a fish.
The temperature fell ten degrees.
S+Vi+adv (成语动词）（3）
The economic crisis broke out first in the United States.
The engine broke down.
How did the accident come about?
S+Vi (被动）（4）
The door blew open.
Cheese cuts easily.
Does this cloth wash well?
Where is the new film showing?
第二类句型S+Vt+O
S+Vt+n.(pron) (5)
Do you know them?
He loved poetry.
Have you ordered your meal?
Shall I call a taxi?
Don’t catch cold.(idiom)
This sentence doesn’t make sense.
S+Vt.+自身代词（6）
I can’t express myself in English.
Now I’ll introduce myself.
She saw herself in the mirror.
Are you enjoying yourselves? 固定词组
We engage ourselves to fulfil our obligations.
He had engaged to finish it by May.
S+V+同源宾语（7）
Alice laughed a scornful laugh.
He could sleep the peaceful sleep of the young.
He smiled a strange smile.
As he slept, he dreamed a dream.
She lived a happy life and died a natural death.
He said his say and then sat down.
主语＋成语动词＋宾
成语动词有以下六种
及物动词＋副词（8）
He handed in his resignation this morning.
They brought forward a new scheme of taxation.
不及物动词＋介词（9）
They will not agree to that arrangement.
He thought of his boyhood.
不及物动词＋介词＋名词（10）
The treaty will come into force next month.
The spring term had come to an end.
不及物动词＋副词＋介词（11）
We shouldn’t look down on this work.
The children were eagerly looking forward to the party.
及物动词＋名词＋介词（12）
Pay attention to your grammar.
I’ll take care of it.
及物动词＋自身代词＋介词（13）
I must accommodate myself to your plan.
They no longer troubled themselves about him.
主语＋及物动词＋不定式(作宾语）（14）
Someone is asking to see you.
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
主语＋动词＋连接副词（代词）＋不定式（15）
You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent.
He explained how to use the dictionary.
主语＋及物动词＋动名词（作宾语）(16)
Would you mind waiting a few minute?
主语＋及物动词＋that引导的从句（作宾语）(17)
I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.
I guess we’ll leave now.
主语＋及物动词＋连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句（18）
I didn’t know where they had gone.
This shows how much she sympathized with him.
由what,whatever引导（19）
I’ll tell you what I hear.
第三类句型：主语＋双宾动词＋间宾＋直宾
主语＋双宾动词＋名（代）词＋名词（20）
She gave me her telephone number.
She sang a flok song for us.
I envy you your good luck.
主语＋双宾动词＋名代词＋从句
从句由that引导（21）
Tell him I’m out.
连接副词（代词）或whether(if)引导（22）
Can you nform me where Miss Green lives?
由what(ever)引导（23）
I’ll tell you what I read in today’s paper.
第四类句型：主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋系动词＋形容词（24）
How are you? I’m fine.
When she saw this, she turned red.
She remained calm.
This food looks delicious.
She always seems pleased, happy and contented.
主语＋系动词＋名词（代词）（25）
His dream has at last become a reality.
He stood there and felt a stranger.
I still stand your friend.我仍然是你的朋友
主语＋系动词＋副词（26）
Is Helen in?
I have been out for a walk.
主语＋系动词＋介词短语（27）
The bus stop is just across the road.
The temperature is between 15c and 25c.
主语＋系动词＋不定式（28）
His plan is to keep the affair secret.
Surely she was to be trusted.
主语＋系动词＋动名词（29）
Her hobby is collecting stamps.
My job is repairing cars.
主语＋系动词＋从句
That引导（30）
Their first idea was that he had hidden it.
由连接代词副词引导（31）
The question is what you want to do.
由what引导（32）
That’s what I wish to do.
主语＋系动词＋形容词＋介短（33）
She is fond of this country.
I was frightened of rats then.
主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式（34）
I was sorry to hear that you were ill.
I’m happy to meet you.
主语＋系＋形容词＋从句
That 引导（35）
I’m afraid there is some sort of misunderstanding.
I’m glad you have come.
由连接代词副词引导（36）I was not sure what I ought to do. 第五类句型：主语＋及物动词＋复合宾语
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋形容词（作补语）（37）
He found his new job rather boring.
Good food keeps you healthy.
I felt it necessary to make everything clear.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋名词(38)
They called their daughter Mary.
We elected Smith our chairman.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋介短（39）
He put his books in order.
She tried to talk her husband out of going.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋副词（40）
She wished herself home.
Don’t leave me behind.
主语＋及物＋宾＋不定式（41）
What do you advise me to do?
We thought hime to be an honest man.
主语＋及物＋宾＋不带to的不定式（42） What makes you tremble so?
We can’t let this go on.
主语＋及物＋宾＋现在分词（43）
He found Helen sitting there.
I saw her chatting with Nancy.
主＋及物＋宾＋过去分词（44）
I have heard it said that he is a miser.
He watched the piano carried upstairs.
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes，the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式leaves 答案C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案B 3. Mr. Brown，and not I ，________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语Mr.Brown 答案A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。
A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式feet 答案C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案A 7. The flood has done _____ to this area。 A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting。 A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。 present 呈现，介绍
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
专升本英语考试题型 试卷题型及分值分布表
语法考点复习 时态与语态 一般现在时: 考点一:表示永恒得真理,即使出现在过去得语境中,仍用一般现在时,如: I learned that the earth goes around the
sun when I was in primary school、 考点二:在时间与条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时;常用得引导词有: until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow、 He won’t know the truth unless you tell him、 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性得时间状语; He has open ed the door、 I have bought a puter、
考点一:for +时间段;since+时间,主句用现在完成时 They have lived in Beijing for five years、They have lived in Beijing since 1995、 考点二:常见得不确定得时间状语: Lately, recently, already, yet, so far,up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三:表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is (最高级)the best (worst, most interesting),主句用一般现在时,从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited China、 This is the most interesting film that I have seen、 过去完成时
目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）......................... 二、不定式................................................ 三、动词的时态和语态...................................... 一般现在时的特例............................................ 一般过去时的注意点.......................................... 一般将来时的注意点.......................................... 四、非谓语动词............................................ 五、复合式谓语............................................ 六、动词的虚拟语气........................................ 七、状语从句 (50) 1、时间状语从句............................................. 2.地点状语从句.............................................. 3、原因状语从句............................................. 4．条件状语从句............................................. 5．让步状语从句............................................. 6．目的状语从句............................................. 7．结果状语从句............................................. 8．方式状语从句............................................. 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate
语法 第一节词性 一．名词 1. 名词作形容词使用 名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。 They live in a country house. 他们住在乡下的房子里。 He often visits a night club. 他经常去夜总会。 2. 名词的所有格 1) 表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’ car , the dog’ food. 这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news; three hour’s journey. 2) 如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。 (1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car (2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society (3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this coc iety (4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this. (5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。) (6)用连字符号连接的两个或者两个以上的词作定语时，其中的名词不能用复数：100-metre race（百米跑） 3) 名词的数 绝大多数棵树名词的复数形式为名词加-s或者-es, 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词要先变y为i，再加es.
一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
?主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词） ? 1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化?During the past decade, huge changes have happened in my hometown. ?This morning, a traffic accident happened in this street. ?This afternoon, a meeting will take place in Room 201. ?Take place ?Take the place of ?Replace ?Happen ?Occur ?Take place ?happen take place occur ?Currently ?During the past decade, great changes have taken place in my hometown. ?2 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 ?In 1919, May 4th Movement took place in Beijing. ///// ?Break out ?Break through ?Break up
?Broke broken ?May 4th Movement broke ?Out in Beijing in 1919 ?3.每天八时开始上课。 ?Class begins at 8 o?clock every day. –Everyday English ?Classes begin at eight o?clock every day 主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语） ?你们必须在两周内看完这些书 ?Y ou must finish reading these books within two weeks. ?我喜欢看书。 ?you must finish reading these books within two weeks. 主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语） ?她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 ?Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten. ?Take care of ?Look at doing sth ?Look to ?Look into ?Her job is to take care of/ taking care of kids in the kindergarten. ?这本书是有关美国历史。
目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 宾语补足语 object complement 表语 predictive 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）
I．八大成分的概念和构成 1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. 成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。 充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见） 形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。 I have a dream. You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。 谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂） 3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。 You don’t find opportunities…you make them. 你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。 You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。 充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式 形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后) Time is money. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. 你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。 构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词 11）名词从句 5．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定） 构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语 9）副词小品词10）名词从句 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed. 6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。 This is beautiful music. There are only two kinds of music…good and bad. 自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。 构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句
学习好资料欢迎下载 第一讲谓语动词时态 一、谓语动词时态 1.When I went into the gym, he __________ a heavy weight. A. lifted B. was lifting C. has lifted D. was lifted 2. The more you practise, the greater progress you _________. A. will make B. have made C. are making D. have been making 3. The train from this station __________ on time. A. never leaves B. will never leave C. leaving D. was never leaving 4. Fetch a doctor. The wounded soldier __________. A. was dead B. died C. is dying D. has been dead 5. The customer ________ the money on the counter and went away. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. was laying 6. She wanted to know whether you ________ her. A. will help B. will be helping C. would be helping D. would help 7.I won't be able to watch the program because I ________ my homework at that time. A. shall have done B. will do C. shall be done D. will be doing 8. My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C. had fallen; D. had fallen; was riding 9.I had no sooner reached home than it _________ to rain. A: had began B:began C:begin D: begin to 10. I ________ about it since you had told m e what happened A: had been thinking B: had thought C:was thinking D: thought 第二讲情态动词 1. I haven't got anything to do, so I _______ go with you.
从2001至今，普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习（普通专升本）考试只考两门课程，一是公共英语课程，二是专业基础课程；公共英语课程是所有非英语专业的必考课程。满分150分，可见公共英语在专升本考试中的重要性。为了帮应试学生更好地整体把握考试，给出历年真题的题型及分值统计分析表。 2003-2010专升本公共英语真题题型及分值表 试题 题型 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 词汇 语法 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 阅读 理解 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40 完形 填空 20 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 翻译20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 词性 转换 10 10 10 10 10 0 作文20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 总分150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 从该表看出，自2006年开始，词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、作文都是每年必考的固定题型，并且分值不变。翻译也是每年必考的题型，从2003-2009年每年20分（英译汉10分，汉译英10分），但2010年翻译部分增加了10分的英汉对话翻译。词性转换自2005-2009年每年10分，但2010年取消该题型。每年固定不变的题型有词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、作文；可变化的题型有词性转换、补全对话、辨识错误和英汉对话翻译，预测这几种题型会任选一个，分值10分。 2003-2010年专升本公共英语词汇与语法测试试题分值表 考点2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 语法14+ 20c 19+ 20c 15+ 10c 38+ 20 c 30+ 20 c 22+ 20 c 19+ 20 c 30+ 20 c 词汇16 11 15+ 10 2+ 10 10+ 10 18+ 10 21+ 10 10+ 合计50 50 50 70 70 70 70 60 比例1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 从表中看出，直接考察语法和词汇知识分值有70分，占了总分值的近1/2。从2006年开始，在40分的语法词汇部分，语法占的比重大，如2006年，语法：词汇是38:2；2007年，语法：词汇是30:10；2008年，语法：词汇是22:18；2009年，语法：词汇是19:21； 2010年，语法：词汇是30:10。而阅读、翻译及写作部分，依然是考核语法词汇基本知识的，
普通专升本考试英语复习资料语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。
A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 Mr.Brown 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)
2013年河南省专升本英语词汇与语法覆盖所有考点（1） 1. I don’t mind________out for a walk in such bad weather. A. go B. to go C. going D. gone 【翻译】我不介意在这种恶劣的天气里外出散步。 〔考点〕非谓语动词 【解析】C mind 后跟宾语时，常用动名词形式。 2. As a lawyer he spent a lot of time_____ investigations. A. conducted B. to conduct C. conduct D. conducting 【翻译】作为一名律师，他花费了大量时间搞调查。 〔考点〕非谓语动词 【解析】D spend some time in doing sth.（花费时间做某事）是固定句型。其中in 可以省略。 3. The new invention is to make our daily life easier，________it more difficult. A. not to make B. not make C. not making D. do not make 【翻译】新发明的目的是让我们的日常生活更容易，而不是更难。 〔考点〕非谓语动词 【解析】A be…not…（是……而不是……）是固定句型；be 和not 后面跟的结构必须相同。 4. ________，the old man had a sharp ear for even the slightest sound. A. As he was blind B. As blind as he was C. Blind as he was D. As he was just blind 【翻译】尽管他眼睛瞎了，但他有一只灵敏的耳朵，甚至可以听到最小的声音。 〔考点〕状语从句 【解析】C 本题考查的是as 引导的让步状语从句的强调句型。一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首。其结构为：“形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语”是强调表语blind, 故将blind 放在句首。 5. I ________ a little earlier，but I met a friend of mine on the way. A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived 【翻译】我本来能早点到，但路上遇到了一个朋友。 〔考点〕虚拟语气 【解析】C 本句考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句。在此类虚拟语气句中，主句谓语常用“could/might/would/should+have+动词过去分词”形式。 6. The news________our football team had won the match excited all of us. A. what B. which C. that D. as 【翻译】听到足球队赢得比赛的消息，我们大家都很兴奋。 〔考点〕名词性从句 【解析】C that 引导的同位语从句修饰主语the news，that 本身无意义，只起连接作用；what（什么）和which（哪一个）在名词性从句中充当成分；as 不能引导名词性从句。 7. Henry looked very much________when he was caught cheating in the exam. A. discouraged B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. pleased 【翻译】当亨利考试作弊被抓时，他看上去非常尴尬。 〔考点〕词义辨析 【解析】B discouraged：泄气的；embarrassed:尴尬的；disappointed:失望的；pleased:高兴的，满意的。 8. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly. A. benefits B. affects C. guides D. effects
江苏省专转本英语考试语法重点大全 一）倒装句 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语之前。 一、全部倒装 1、句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 2、句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语： Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice.从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音。 At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃.布劳恩。 — 3、以here, there, now, then等开头的句子，位于常用be, come, go, begin, follow 等，引出倒装： There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。 但是，如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。 4、在表示动作的简短句子里，为了生动，可把副词放于句首引出倒装。
1. It is important that the boy（）an adult to take care of him. A、have B、had C、has D、having 参考答案：A 参考解析： 【翻译】重要的是有个大人来照顾这个小男孩。 ［考点］虚拟语气 【精析】A It is important that引导的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。故选A。 2. We arranged to meet at the station but she did not（）. A、break up B、turn up C、bring up D、set up 参考答案：B 参考解析： 【翻译】我们原计划在车站见面，但她没有出现。 ［考点］词义辨析
【精析】B break up:打碎，结束，解散；turn up:出现；bring up:提出，教育，培养；set up:建立。根据句意可知，选B。 3. The manager often requires us never to _____ till tomorrow what we can do today. A、come up B、put off C、turn on D、give out 参考答案：B 参考解析： 【翻译】经理经常要求我们不把今天能做的事推迟到明天。 ［考点］词组辨析 【精析】B come up：走近，引起注意，put off：推迟，使延期；turn on：打开（开关）；giveout:分发。根据句意，选B。 4. I have heard a lot about him _____ I came back from abroad. A、since B、until C、before D、when 参考答案：A 参考解析： ［翻译］回国之后我听说了关于他的不少事情。
重庆普通专升本《大学英语》语法与词汇复习题（一） 时间：2011-02-14 来源：重庆专升本考试信息网整理阅读 1262 次 1. He offered to _____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry. A. borrow B. help C. lend D. show 3. A sudden idea _____ to him that he might try the new method. A. occurred B. happened C. took place D. took part 4. We tried to _____ what he meant. A. make for B. make out C. make of D. make from 5. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on _____. A. time B. plan C. schedule D. arrangement 6. I should like to _____ touch with old friends but I have so little time. A. get into B. be in C. keep in D. lose 7. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak _____ Chinese. A. smooth B. fluent C. slide D. flowing 8. As it _____, the elderly lady she quarreled with was none other than her future mother-in-law. A. turned out
专升本英语语法单选训练100题附答案祥解
专升本英语语法单选训练100题 1.--Have you ever seen Peter recently? --Yes. He ________ me to ask you how you ___________along with your new job these days. A. has asked; have been getting B. asked; were getting C. often asks; are getting D. asked; are getting 2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see___________ the next year A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 3. --I'll help you whenever you need me,--I would love____________. A. you helping B. that you'll help C. you to help D. that you help 4. I hope____________ the job she's applied for（申请）. A. she's going to get B. she'll get C. she is to get D. she decides to get 5. Mrs. Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she___________ that the cloth__________ very well. A. has been told; washes B. is told; is washed C. has been told; is washed D. is told; is washed 6. Let us not waste____________ time we have left. A. the little B. little C. a little D. a little more 7. I think the doctor is able to cure of___________. A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything 8. __________, we'll come to see you again. A. If time will permit B. Time permits