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翻译语法(1)虚拟语气

翻译语法(1)虚拟语气
翻译语法(1)虚拟语气

I虚拟语气的形式与基本用法

一、虚拟语气的形式

假设类型条件

与现在事实相反

动词的过去式(be用were而不用was),

would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形

e.g

I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.

If you were free to choose among all the cars available today, what type of automobile would you buy ?

与过去事实相反

had+ -ED分词,

would(第一人称可用should) +have + -ED分词

e.g

Mary said to me, "Had I seen your bag, I would have returned it to you."

If Bob had come with us; he would have had a good time.

If Mike had been able to finish his homework ,he would have come to class.

If the United States had not entered the Second World War,probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14%would have risen still further.

与将来事实相反

were to + 动词原形

would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形

e.g

It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow. If he were to come tomorrow, I would ask him to go to your place.

If you were to see Mary,what would you tell her?

与将来事实可能相反

should + 动词原形

would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形

e.g

If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it.

II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式

一、表示“好像”:

除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等表示方式,从句的动词形式为

用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;

用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反

e.g

Violetta has a curious expression on her face as though she was smiling about something that amused her .

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.

二、特殊连词的需要:

lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句

从句谓语should+动词原形

We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry.

He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match.

Every attention must be paid to him lest he should feel that he is inferior to my other guests.

He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam.

三、介词短语表示虚拟:

but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设

动词形式might/could/should +现在完成时

He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed.

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

But for his help,I should not have succeeded

四、虚拟错综条件句:

上面几种假设类型中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整

If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。)

I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事,我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。)

If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955,the housing problems now in some parts of this country wouldn’t have beenso serious.

If you had not studied the problem carefully until recently . you would have found any difficulty now

五、省略虚拟条件句:

虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装

Were he to start out. today, he would get there by Thursday.

Had he listened to me,John would not have failed.

Had I known it,I should have told him.

Hadn’t my car broken down,I should have caught the train.

III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

一、在wish的宾语从句中

1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。

宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反

用过去完成时表示与过去相反

She wishes she had more money.

I wish I didn't say that.

I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident.

I wish I knew you were arriving today. I would have met you at the station if I had. My brother is in California on vacation,but I wish he were here so that he could help me repair my car .

2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would+动词原形

I wish you would stay here longer.

She wishes you wouldn't go.

3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中

谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气

表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时

I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.

I rather you hadn’t done it.

二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中:

一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形。

1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句

suggest(建议),propose (提议),recommend(建议),move (提议),advise(建

议),insist(坚持),urge(极力主张),ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算),prefer(宁愿),urge(敦促)。

The chairman requested that the members study the problem more carefully

The committee recommends that the matter be discussed at the next meeting.

The doctor insisted that his patient take it easy for three months

When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”

He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.

One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.

2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替):

这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should +动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形

it is necessary【essential (重要的),vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…;

it is(was, has been) desired【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】that … .

From the standpoint of the long term strategic interest of the West, it is imperative that their territorial unity be a safeguard.

3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。

这类词有:order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),recommendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)

The judge assented to the suggestion that the prisoner be sentenced to death

.

4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等

I never thought that he be such a brave young soldier.

It is believed that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,they would be faced by a large army?

I think it advisable that he leave for Tokyo soon.

5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装

If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)

→Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的。

→Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

三、it is (high) time,[该(必须)做……]等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气

It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)

It is high time that this was checked wrong spending .

此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望

If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。)

If only she had never been married. (要是她从没有结婚就好了。)

虚拟语气练习题精选

1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.

A. would finish

B. must have finished

C. would have finished

D. had finished

2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.

A. will catch

B. would catch

C. would have caught

D. will have caught

3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.

A. write

B. written

C. would write

D. will write

4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.

A. would pass

B. could pass

C. had passed

D. would have passed

5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.

A. know

B. known

C. knew

D. should know

6.It is important that you ___ sports every day.

A. have

B. would have

C. must have

D. will have

7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.

A. will die

B. would die

C. would have died

D. would have been dead

8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.

A. Had I known

B. If I know

C. If I knew

D. If had I known

9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.

A. should finish

B. finished

C. would be finished

D. be finished

10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight?

—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.

A. you stayed

B. you stay

C. stayed

D. stay

11. ___ in your position, I would help him.

A. Was I

B. Were I

C. If I am

D. If I had been

12.I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.

A. mean to come

B. meant to come

C. had meant to come

D. meant coming

13.Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel.

A. not to stay

B. not staying

C. staying not

D. that she not stay

14.If you had spoken clearly, you would___.

A. understand it

B. have understood

C. be understood

D. have been understood

15. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A. haven't watched

B. hadn't watched

C. didn't watch

D. wouldn't have watched

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高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学:The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课,授课内容为虚拟语气,授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评,大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习,学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识,复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如:I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等,并学习新的表达形式如:The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是,学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后,要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一,多数学生感到费解,因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用,并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式,有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1.知识与技能 1)复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型: I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式,尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达,特别是主句与从句时态的呈现;还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词,如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3)培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2.过程与方法 1)引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中,开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

英语虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If you took a taxi,you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和 后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是 将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对

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If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话,我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你,我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待,我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨,我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话,我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来,会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间,就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作,我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了,我们对他说什么呢? Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话,我可以立即去。(= If it were necessary......) Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。(= If you had taken my advice......) Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间,我就去看她。(= If I should have time......) If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。(从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在)If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话,再过半小时他们就该到了。(从句说明过去,主句说明将来。) If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决,你将来会吃苦头的。(从句说明现在,主句说明将来) He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事,如发生在过去,就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中) He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气: *直陈语气(indicative mood)---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. *祈使语气(imperative mood)---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. *虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park. 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词 (如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work. 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.。

英语语法专项:虚拟语气用法详解及练习(附答案)

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be 时,可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中,只能用were。如: Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

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考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一) 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式,用来表示假设,或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望,有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法,在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值,所以理解该语法,不管对于考试,还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用,本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中,表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设,表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时,主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式,现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do (只能用should)过去 would/should/could/have done had done注:有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did,这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似,其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上,另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do,那么主句 中就避免使用should+do,可以用would/could/might+do。 例句:If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. (选自2007 年Text 1) 分析:该句是复合句。 译文:假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明,你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句:If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.(选自2011 年Text 3)分析:该句是复合句,表示与现在相反的假设。其中,分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语,表示结果。 译文:这种情况一旦发生,充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品,从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句:Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析:该句是复合句。 译文:要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话,这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致,可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句:He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.

高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如: If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

虚拟语气翻译练习

If sb had done sth ( 对过去虚拟) 1.如果昨天我知道你的电话号码 2.倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库 3.你要是听了我的建议 4.如果你昨天不看电视 5.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话 6.今天早上要是没下雨 If sb did/ were sth (对现在虚拟) 1,。我要是你 2.她要是有时间 3.如果需要的话 If sb should do(万一) /were to do (打算) / did sth (对将来虚拟) 1.明天如果他在这里的话 2.明天要是星期天的话 3.要是他们把我当奴隶对待 4.你要是把杯子掉下来 5.如果幻想能成为马匹 6.要是我做这项工作 7.假如校长来了 Sb would/ should/ could / might have done sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做了。。。(过去) 1 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。 2 今天早上要是没下雨,我就去买东西了。 3 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库,洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 4 你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。 Sb would/ should/ could / might do/ be doing sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做/在做。。。(现在、将来) 1 如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。 2 明天要是星期天的话,我就去看望我的朋友。 3 我要是你,我就去试试。 4 如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子都有了坐骑

5 要是他们把我当奴隶对待,我就走。 综合练习 一、翻译下列条件句,并改为倒装结构 1.明天如果他在这里的话,我就和他谈谈。 2.你要是把杯子掉下来,会打碎的。 3.她要是有时间,就会帮我了。 4.要是我做这项工作,我就会以不同的方式去做。 5.假如校长来了,我们对他说什么呢 6.如果需要的话,我可以立即去。 7.要是有时间,我就去看她。 8.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话,再过半小时他们就该到了。 9.如果你此刻犹豫不决,你将来会吃苦头的。 10.要不是由于你的粗心大意,我们就赢了比赛了 11.要不是因为即将到来的考试,我今天晚上就和你一起去晚会。 二、请用所给词翻译下列句子 1.没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(without) 2.要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(But for) 3.他一定是去过那儿,否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(or) 4.她病了,否则的话就会出席会议了。(otherwise) 5.我让他自己去那里,但也许我应该和他一道去。(but) 6.假若你站在我的立场上,你会怎么办(suppose/supposing/providing) 三、特殊词练习 1. wish 1.但愿我是一只小鸟。 2.我要是知道答案就好了。 3.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。

大学英语语法-虚拟语气

虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式,仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式,即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的,不管主语是什么人称,动词一律用原形,如动词为被动态,则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下: 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况: a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.(宾语从句) 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。(主语从句) It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用,也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2)用于由if,though等引导的分句中.

虚拟语气翻译

虚拟语气翻译 If 条件句 1.与现在事实相反 从句:动词过去式(be 动词多用were) 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there. 2.与过去事实相反 从句:had+过去分词 主句:would/should/could/might + have done If you had come earlier, you couldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 3.与将来事实相反 从句:should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 动词过去式(be 动词多用were)+ 将来时间状语 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. 4.混合时间条件句与主句 If you had reviewed the lesson, you would answer the question now. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 5.条件句与主句的省略 I would /should have it, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job, you could have done it better. 6. 含蓄条件句与主句 without=but for代替if从句 Without your help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. = if there had been no help from you, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. Without air, there would be no living things. 6.as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法 表现在:从句用过去式(be 动词多用were) 表将来:从句would/should/could/might+动词原形 表过去:从句had done The man speaks as if he were a foreigner. The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times. They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 7.wish宾语从句中的用法

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。如:If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元,你会做什么? We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we

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