Lesson four The Tragedy of Old Age in America
一、Words and Expressions
1.adj.adverse不利的,相反的,敌对的
contrary,opposing,hostile
adverse wind/ circumstances 逆风,逆境
adv.adversely
n.adversity逆境,不幸,苦难unfavorable condition
to keep/remain cheerful in adversity
to face adversity with courage
n.adversary 对手,敌手opponent
He defeated his old adversary.
2.adj.arbitrary任意的(at random),专横的dictatorial
an arbitrary ruler/power
adv.arbitrarilyn.arbitrariness
3.vt./n.barricade 阻止,阻碍（barrier）
erect the barricades
barricade sb.in/out of sth.
They barricaded themselves in their rooms.
barricade sth.off设障碍封锁……
The police barricaded off the entrance to the square.
n.barrierhindrance
Poor health is a barrier to success.
cultural/language barrier隔阂
barrier of race and religion
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c510062397.html,e to terms with sb./sth.= reach an agreement
5.vt.conserve 保存,保护,节约使用
conserve wildlife 保护野生动物
preserve（保护,保持,保存）/deserve（值得）
6.adj.contingent (up)on sth.依……情况而定,视……而定的,有条件的dependent on sth.Our success is contingent upon your continued help. n.contingency 偶发事件
contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划/安排
7.cost of living:expense,expenditure
at the cost of sth.以……为代价
cover the cost
8.v.debilitate 使虚弱make sb.weak
a debilitating illness
Huge debts are debilitating our economy.
n.debility 虚弱,衰弱
After operation,she suffered from general debility.
9.defect
n.缺点,毛病,瑕疵fault,shortcoming
a defect of character
a defect of education system
adj.defective:imperfect,incomplete
be defective in sth.
be defective in one's character
Her hearing is found to be slightly defective.她的听力稍弱。
adv.defectively
10.deprive sb.of sth.:take sth.away from sb.
dispossess sb.of sth.
Someone is deprived of civil rights
n.deprivation
（1）suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen
（2）widespread deprivation caused by unemployment = poverty
（3） Missing the holiday is a great deprivation.= loss
adj.deprived:poor 贫困的
a deprived area
The poorest and most deprived area will receive government's help.
11.adj.desolate:deserted 荒芜人烟的,孤独凄凉的
a desolate area/life
We all felt desolate after he left.
v.使荒凉
an area desolated by war（该地区由于饱受战争摧残而满目苍夷。）adv.desolately
n.desolation:misery,loneliness
desolation caused by war 战争造成的满目苍夷
12.n.dignity
beneath one's dignity
v.dignify 使有尊严
a ceremony dignified by the presence of the ambassador
因大使的光临而生辉的典礼
I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel.
adj.dignified 高贵的,有尊严的graceful,elegant
a dignified person/walk
13.v.diagnose 诊断 diagnose sth.as sth.
diagnose the tumor as benign 诊断该肿瘤为良性的
diagnosispl.diagnoses诊断,诊断书
make one's diagnosis 进行诊断
a doctor skilled in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生
adj.diagnostic
diagnostic training/skill
symptom症状
14.adj.discrepant:different
n.discrepancy:difference
discrepancy between A and B
There are many discrepancies between the two versions of the affair.对这个事件的两种说法有很大出入。
15.v.eradicate:destroy https://www.doczj.com/doc/c510062397.html,pletely; eliminate; put an end to
Smallpox has already been eradicated.
The government is taking effective actions to eradicate crimes.
n.eradication
16.euphemism:use of pleasant,mild,polite or indirect words or phrases in place of more direct ones without hurting others'feelings.
"Pass away" is a euphemism for"die".
adj.euphemistic language/terms/expressions/words
adv.euphemistically
17.adj.excruciating 极度的,剧烈的 intense,acute
an excruciating headache
excruciating misery
adv.excruciatingly
18.v.exist存在,生存,生活
Does life exist on Mars?
We cannot exist without water and food.exist on sth.:live on or depend on
Fish exists on water.
He exists on rice and water.
I can hardly exist on the wages I get.
n.existence adj. existent = existing 现存的,现有的
existential adj.存在主义的
existentialism n.存在主义 existentialist 存在主义者
He is an existentialist.
He holds existentialist views.
19.fold (n.折痕 v.折叠)——unfold (v.打开)——folder n.纸夹,文件夹
stand n.架,座,台
a hat standan umbrella standa music stand 乐谱架
20.n.fraud 欺骗,骗子deceiving sb.illegally
fraudulent adj.deceitful,dishonest
a fraudulent display of sympathy 假惺惺的同情
n.fraudulence adv.fraudulently
21.v.fulfill 履行,实现,完成
fulfill one's promise/duty/ a command/an obligation
满足 fulfill the terms of a contract:satisfy/meet the requirements of sth.满足合同条款的要求
fulfill the conditions of entry to a university
具备某大学的入学条件
fulfill oneself:fully develop one's abilities or character
He was able to fulfill himself through music.音乐能使他发挥自己的才能
n.fulfillmentadj.fulfilling:successful
achieve—achievement
accomplish—accomplishment
22.funnel:n.漏斗,烟囱
v.move through a funnel or a narrow space
The water funneled through the gorge and out onto the plain.
水穿过峡谷流到平原。
funnel petrol into a can
23.housing（n.住房）
Schooling（n.学校教育,学费）
24.v.humiliate 使感到羞耻,不光彩make sb.ashamed
He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks.
他听到她嘲讽的话觉得丢了脸。
a country humiliated by defeat 因战败而受辱的国家
adj.humiliatinga humiliating experience
n.humiliationsuffer public humiliation 当众受辱
25.v.impair 削弱,损害 weaken or damage
Loud noise can impair your hearing.
n.impairment
26.n.inflation
control/ curb inflation
adj.inflationary
27.be inherent in sth.
adv.inherently
28.life expectancy（预期寿命）
life span
29.v.lull
lull sb.into sth.
lull us into a false sense of security
lull sb.to do sth.使安静
lull a baby to sleep 哄孩子睡觉
30.means:property,belongings,possessions
means test
by means of
31.mental hospital:asylum 精神病院,政治避难所,收容所
32.adj.morbid:perverse 病态的,不正常的
a morbid imagination
n.morbidityadv.morbidly
33.n.multitude
A Multitude of sb./sth.:extremely large number of
A large multitude had assembled to hear him preach.= a large number of people Vast multitudes of birds visit this lake in spring.
the multitude 群众,大众
a speech appealing to the multitude
34.v.penalize/se处罚(punish) ,尤指比赛中的判罚
People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
penalize sb.for doing sth.
n.penaltydeath penalty
penalty area 罚球区penalty kick 罚点球
penalty clause 合同中违约罚款的规定
35.v.precede 先于
This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph.
precede with sth.= begin/ start with
He preceded his speech with a vote of thanks to the committee.
adj.preceding
36.n.prerogative 特权 right or privilege
A monarch has a prerogative of pardoning criminals.
君主享有对罪犯的赦免权。
the royal prerogative
37.n.progression:development,advancement,growth
progression from sth.to sth.the team's progression to the first division 该队晋升为甲级队
Adolescence is the period of progression from childhood to adulthood.过渡期
38.v.reassure 使放心
reassure sb.about sth.
reassure that:remove one's doubts or fears
The police reassured her about her child's safety.
A glance in the mirror reassured him that his tie was not crooked（戴歪）.
n.reassuranceadj.reassuringadv.reassuringly
a reassuring pat on the back.
39.adj.scanthardly enough
pay scant attention to one's advice
with scant regard for my feelings 不大理会我的感情
40.adj.stark 十足的；赤裸裸的；荒凉的desolate,bare
十足的,完全的complete,utter,downright
stark madness 彻底的疯狂
adv.完全地stark madness/crazy
41.adj.sublimeadv.sublimelyn.sublimity
42.v.subsist:exist,stay alive 存活
subsist on sth.
How do you manage to subsist on such a low wage?
He subsisted mainly on vegetables and fruit.
n.subsistence
subsistence level勉强糊口的生活水平（维持生活的最低水平）
43.be up to the standard（合格,达到标准）/ below the standard
44.v./ n.toil:work hard
toil away/ at/ over sth.
We toiled away all afternoon to get ready for our guests.
The students are toiling over their homework（辛苦地做功课）
45.treat（治疗） the patient
cure（治疗）the disease
二、Text
What is it like to be old in the United States? What will our own lives be like when we are old? Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends.Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle.Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death,we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age.In truchtruth,it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person.Death is a dramatic one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces,a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life.
(1)n.tragedy 悲剧,悲惨 adj.tragic 悲惨的,悲剧的
(2)old age:senior citizen老年人
(3)be propelled into
Propel v.推进,驱使
(4)leap over跳过
(5)confront with sth.面临,面对
Questions:
1.what is it like to be old in the United States?
Those of us who are not old barricade ourselves from discussions of old age by declaring the subject morbid,boring or in poor taste.Optimism and euphemism are other common devices.People will speak of looking forward to their"retirement years".The elderly are described respectfully as"senior citizens","golden agers ","our elders",and one hears of old people who are considered inspirations and examples of how to"age well" or"gracefully".There is the popularly accepted opinion that Social Security and pensions provide a comp for tablecomfortable and reliable flow of funds so the elderly have few financial worries.Medicare has lulled the population into reassuring itself that the once terrible financial burdens of late-life illnesses are now eradicated.Advertisements and travel folders show relaxed,happy,well-dressed older people enjoying recreation,travel and their grandchildren.If they are no longer living in the old family home,they are pictured as delighted residents of retirement communities with names like Leisure Would World and Sun City,with lots of grass,clean air and fun.This is the American ideal of the"golden years" toward which millions of citizens are expectantly toiling through their workdays.
But this is not the full story.A second theme runs through the popular view of old age.Our colloquialisms reveal a great deal:once you are old you are"fading fast","over the hill","out to pasture","down the drain","finished","over out of date",and an"old crock","fogy","geezer",or"biddy".One hears children saying they are afraid to get old,middle-aged people declaring they want to die after they have passed their prime,and numbers of old people wishing they were dead.
2.What can we possibly conclude from these discrepant points of view?
Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror.We base our feelings on primitive fears,prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight.In reality,the way one experiences old age is contingent upon physical health,personality,earlier-life experiences,the actual circumstances of late-life events(in what order they occur,how they occur,when they occur) and the social supports one receives:adequate finances,shelter,medical care,social roles,religious support,recreation.All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life.
3.what are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life?
Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime—like every stage of life it has problems,joys,fears and potentials.The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle,the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young.Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death.The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience.The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come frorm having lived an entire life span.There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed.
(6)in poor taste乏味的
(7)conclude结束,终止,决定
(8)sum up计算...的总数,概括,总结 as
(9)base on sth.基于
(10)go hand in hand与...共同行动；与...相配合；与...一致；与...结合在一起
7.what do you think are the potentials in late life?
But what are an individual's chances for a"good" old age in America,with satisfying final years and a dignified death? Unfortunately,none too good.For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy,a period of quiet despair,deprivation,desolation and muted rage.This can be a consequence of the kind of life a person has led in younger years and the problems in his or her relationships with others.There are also inevitable personal and physical losses to be sustained,some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable.All of this is the individual factor,the existential element.But old age is frequently a tragedy even when the early years have been fulfilling and people seemingly have everything going for them.Herein lies what I consider to be the genuine tragedy of old age in America—we have shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old.The tragedy of old age is not the fact that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly
painful,humiliating,debilitating and isolating through insensitivity,ignorance and poverty.The potentials for satisfactions and even triumphs in the life are real and vastly underexplored.For the most part the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable world.
Are things really that bad? Let's begin by looking at the basic daily requirements for survival.Poverty or drastically lowered income and old age go hand in hand.People who are poor all their lives remain poor as they grow old.Most of us realize this.What
we do not realize is that these poor are joined by multitudes of people who become poor only after growing older.When Social Security becomes the sole or primary income,it means subsistence-level styles for many,and recent increases do not keep up with soaring costs of living.Private pension plans often do not pay off,and pension payments that do come in are not tied to inflationary decreases in buying power.Savings can be wiped out by a single unexpected catastrophe.In January,1971,half of the elderly,or over 10 million people,lived on less than $ 75 a week,or $ 10 per day.Most lived on far less..Even the relatively well-off are not assured of an income that will support them.
(11)be assured of sth.确定,保证
(12)turn out打扫,驱逐,使外倾,,生产,结果,翻出
(13) bias against偏见
(14) dump sth.into sth.倾倒
(15)yell at对...吼叫
(16)as a result 结果
(17)end up竖着,结束,死
(18)retirement benefit退休金
(19)make up of sth.构成,组成
It has been estimated that at least 30 per cent of the elderly live in substandard housing.Many more must deprive themselves of essentials to keep their homes in repair.
The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives,things would turn out well for them.Today's elderly were brought up to believe in pride,self-reliance and independence.Many are tough,determined individuals who manage to survive against adversity.But even the tough ones reach a point where help should be available to them.
Age discrimination in employment is unrestrained,with arbitrary retirement practices and bias against hiring older people for available jobs.Social security penalizes the old by reducing their income checks as soon as they earn more than $2,400 a year.Job-training programs don't want the elderly (or the middle-aged,for that matter),so there is no opportunity to learn new skills.Employers rarely make concessions for the possible physical limitations of otherwise valuable older employees,and instead they are fired,retired or forced to resign.
It is obvious that the old get sick more frequently and more severely than the young,and 86 per cent have chronic health problems of varying degree.These health problems,while significant,are largely treatable and for the most part do not impair the capacity to work.Medicare pays for only 45 per cent of older people's health expenses; the balance must come from their own incomes and savings,or from Medicaid,which requires a humiliating means test.A serious illness can mean instant poverty.Drugs prescribed outside of hospitals,hearing aids,glasses,dental care and podiatry are not covered at all under Medicare.There is prejudice against the old by doctors and other medical personnel who don't like to bother with them.Psychiatrists and mental-health personnel typically assume that the mental problems of the old are untreatable.Psychoanalysts,the elite of the psychiatric profession,rarely accept them as patients.Medical schools and other teaching institutions find them"uninteresting".Voluntary hospitals are well known for dumping the"Medicare patient" into municipal hospitals; municipal hospitals in turn
funnel them into nursing homes,mental hospitals and chronic-disease institutions without the adequate diagnostic and treatment effort which might enable them to return home.Persons who do remain at home while in ill health have serious difficulties in getting social,medical and psychiatric services brought directly to them.
Problems large and small confront the elderly.They are ease easy targets for crime in the streets and in their homes.Because of loneliness,confusion,hearing and visual difficulties they are prime victims of dishonest door-to-door salesmen and fraudulent advertising,and buy defective hearing aids,dance lessons,useless"Medicare insurance supplements",and quack health remedies,persons crippled by arthritis or strokes are yelled at by impatient bus drivers for their slowness in climbing on and off buses.Traffic lights turn red before they can get across the street.Revolving doors move too quickly.Subways usually have no elevators or escalators.
Old women fare worse than old men.Women have an average life expectancy of seven years longer than men and tend to marry men older than themselves; so two-thirds (six million) of all older women are widows.When widowed they do not have the same social prerogatives as older men to date and marry those who are younger.As a result,they are likely to end up alone—an ironic turn of events when one remembers that most of them were raised from childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable state.The income levels of older working women are generally lower than those of men; many never worked outside the home until their children were grown and then only at unskilled,low-paying jobs.Others who worked all their lives typically received low wages,with lower Social Security and private retirement benefits as a result.Until 1973,housewives who were widowed received only 82.5 per cent of their husbands'Social Security benefits even though they were full-time home-makers.
Black,Mexican-American and American Indian elderly all have a lower life expectancy than whites,due to their socioeconomic disadvantages.Although the life expectancy of 67.5 years for white men remained the same from 1960 to 1968,the life expectancy for black men declined a full year during that time (from 61.1 to 60.0).blacks Blacks of all ages make up 11per cent of the total United States population,but they constitute only 7.8 per cent of the elderly.The life expectancy for Mexican-Americans is estimated at 57 years,and for American Indians at 44 years.Most do not live long enough to be eligible for the benefits of Social Security and Medicare.Poverty is the norm.Scant attention is paid to their particular cultural interests and heritage.
Asian-American elderly (Chinese,Japanese,Korean,Filipino and Samoan) are victims of a public impression that they are independently cared for by their families and therefore do not need help.However,patterns of immigration by Asian-Americans to this country,the cultural barriers,language problems and discrimination they have faced have all taken a toll of their elderly and their families.This is particularly true of older Chinese men,who were not allowed to bring their wives and families with them to the United States or to intermarry.
三、Exercises
A.Answer the following questions on the text:
5.Is old age an enjoyable part of the life-span in the U.S.?
No.
6.Is old age a tragedy for the rich Americans?
Yes.Even for the relatively well-off people,economy is still a big burden for them.
8.Is life expectancy closely related to living standards?
Yes.
C.Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below,changing its form when necessary:
1.We must _______ forests not only for the present but for future
generations.(conserve:保护,节约)
2.AIDS is expected to be _______from the world in the coming century.
3.The two daughters'sweet words ________King Lear into believing that they really loved him more than anything in the world.
4.The whole class was ________for not being able to keep the classroom clean and tidy.
5.Overcooking will _______the flavor and taste of the dish.
6.The slaves _______day and night pulling heavy blocks of stone to the construction site (建筑工地) of the pyramids.
7.The problems they encounter are _______in the economic system.
8.We must bear in mind (记住) that there are still millions of people who still live at _______level.
D.Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences:
1.These underground pipes are (interrelated,interconnected).
Interrelated:有关联的
Interconnected:互相连接的
2.Nuclear power is (inherently,naturally) both dangerous and powerful.
Inherently:天生的,固有的
Naturally:自然的
3.The (one-time,once) bus driver is now a famous pop singer.
one-time:adj.过去的,从前的
once:adv.不能做定语
4.The film is (based,established) on a novel by Lu Xun.
Based:based on 在……基础上
5.Spoiled children will not manage to live against (difficulty,adversity).
Adversity:逆境
6.He got the job by (false,fraudulent) means; he aid he had ten years of working
experience.
7.Mental problems of all ages are not totally (untreatable,incurable).
根据词义搭配,problem 用treat,disease用cure
8.The students are advised to (conserve,preserve) water and electricity.
Conserve:保护,珍惜,使之不减少或消失,灭绝等,可用于指自然资源;
Preserve:保存,使之不变质或被践踏等
F.Translate the following into English:
生命周期包括生、老、死。死是人生不可避免的结局。衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的一个阶段。死亡在几秒中内发生,但是老年却是一个长过程,这个过程意味着疾病、贫困、孤独。广告和折页旅行指南展示了轻松快乐、衣着讲究的老人享受着文娱、旅游和儿孙之乐。但是穷苦的老人却不可能享受这一切。他们到了老年还必须为生存而奋斗。许多老年人为了生存,在一个冷漠的世界上挣扎着。现在世界上的老年人越来越多,老年人的问题正引起各国政府的关注。
Life cycle includes birth,old age and death.Death is an inevitable end of
life.Process of aging is a neglected stage in human life cycle.Death may happen in seconds,but agedness is a long process,which means disease,poverty,and
loneliness.Advertisement and travel folders show relaxed,happy and well-dressed old men are enjoying recreation,travel and life with their grandchildren.But poor old men cannot enjoy all of these.They must struggle for survival in their old age.In order to survive in this world,many old men are struggling in the inhospitable world.In the world,old population is increasing,and the problem of old people is arousing the attention of the governments of all countries.
人教版小学英语四年级下册单词表Unit1 first[ f?:st ]floor [ fl?: (r)] 一楼 second[ 'sek?nd ] floor [ fl?: (r)] 二楼teacher’s office['tit??:s] ['?fis] 教师办公室library [ 'laibr?ri ] 图书馆 playground ['pleiɡraund] 操场 computer room [k?m?pju:t? ru:m]计算机教室 art room[ɑ:t ru:m] [ɑrt rum]美术教室;绘画教室music room ['mju:zik] [ru:m] 音乐教室 ( next to[nekst tu:] 紧邻；在……近旁homework[?h??mw?:k] 作业 class[klɑ:s] [kl?s]班；班级 forty[?f?:ti] 四十 way[we?] 方向 Unit2 breakfast [ 'brekf?st ] 早餐；早饭 English class[???gl?? kl?s ]英语课 lunch [l?nt?] 午餐；午饭 [ m usic class [?mju:zik klɑ:s]音乐课
. class [,pi:'i:] [klɑ:s]体育课 dinner [ 'din? (r) ] 晚餐;(中午或晚上吃的)正餐get up [ ɡet ][ ?p ] 起床 go to school[ɡ?u tu: sku:l] 去上学 go home [ɡ?u h?um]回家 go to bed [ɡ?u tu: bed]上床睡觉 over [ '?uv? (r) ] 结束 now[ nau ]现在；目前 o’clock [?’k l?k] (表示整点)……点钟 , kid [ kid ] 小孩;孩子 run [ r?n ] 跑 thirty[?θ?:ti] [?θ?:rti] 三十 hurry[?h?ri ?p] 快点;抓紧;赶快 come on [k?m ?n] 快;快点;加油 just a minute [d??st ??minit] 再多一会 稍等一会儿 Unit3 cold [ k?uld ] 寒冷的；冷的 , cool [ ku:l ] 凉的；凉爽的 warm [ w?:m ] 温暖的；暖和的
1.Meeting new people Her name’s Jill 1.Good morning ,boys and girs. Good morning,Miss Fang. 2.This is your new classmate. Her name’s Jill. Hi .My name’s Jill. Hello,Jill . 3.You can sit here . Jill. Ok . Thank you, Miss Fang. 4.Hi,Jill. My name’s Kitty. Hi,Kitty .Nice to meet you. Say and act 1.Good afternoon ,Peter . Good afternoon,Kitty . 2.This is my sister. Her name’s Sally. This is my brother. His name’s Paul. 3.Hi,Sally. Hi,Paul.My name’s Kitty. Hi,Kitty. Nice to meet you. 4.Goodbye,Kitty. See you ,Peter . Goodbye,Sally and Paul. 2.Can you swim? She can swim , Can you swim? 1.Supergirl can run fast. Supergirl can fly. Supergirl can swim . Supergirl cannot draw. 2.Supergirl is great ! She can swim. Can you swim Alice? Yes , I can . Can you swim ,Kitty? No ,I can’t. 3.What can you do ? I can draw. Say and act 1. Good evening .I’m Kitty . Welcome to Super Show. 2.Here are our friends—Supergirl and Superdog! Hello! Woof! Woof! 3.What can you do, Supergirl? I can swim and fly . 4.Can Superdog fly too? Yes ,He can .but he can’t write his name. Woof! 5.Thank you , Supergirl and Superdog! Thank you. 3.Are you happy? I’m happy Are you happy? 1.I’m happy . I have a new kite. I’m not happy. Look at my bike! I’m sad . 2.How are you? We’re tired and hungry, Mum. 3.Have some biscuits .Thanks , Mum . 4. I’m full now, are you thirsty, Ben? Have some water. Yes, I am . Thank you , Kitty . Enjoy a story A thirsty bird 1.It is hot . The bird is very thirsty. 2.Water! The bird can see a bottle. 3.The bottle is tall and thin . The bird cannot drink the Water . 4.I have a good idea ! The bird can see some little stones . 5.look! The bird can drink the water now. He is happy .
小学四年级英语下册重点归纳：Unit1 Our school 重点单词： playground 操场garden 花园library 图书馆light 灯teacher’s office 老师办公室canteen 食堂picture 照片 art room 美术教室computer room 计算机教室washroom 盥洗室music room 音乐教室gym 体育TV room 电视屋wall 墙computer 计算机teacher’s desk 老师的课桌your 你的 floor 地板，楼层 重点句子： This is the teacher’s office. That is my classroom. 这是老师办公室。那是我的教室。 Go to the library. Read a story-book.. 去图书馆。读故事书。 Is this the library? Yes, it is. 这是图书馆吗?是的。
Is that the art room? No, it isn’t. the art room is on the second floor. 那是美术室吗?不是，美术室在二楼。 Where is the canteen? It’s on the first floor. 食堂在哪里?在一楼。 小学四年级英语下册重点归纳：Unit2 What time is it? 重点单词： lunch 午餐English class 英语课music class 音乐课 breakfast 早餐dinner 晚餐P.E class 体育课 get up 起床go to school 去学校go to bed 上床睡觉 go home 回家one 一two 二three 三four 四 five 五six 六seven 七eight 八nine 九ten 十 it’s=it is (math Chinese English P.E music ) class 重点句子： What time is it?几点钟了?
新广州版小学英语四年级下册课文 Unit 1He looks like a cook ① Who’s that woman? ② Which women? ③ The one with glass. She has a big beside her. ④ She’s Miss Liu, our teacher . ⑤ And that man in a white hat? Can you see him? ⑥ Yes. But I don’t know him. He looks like a cook. Unit 2She is very kind ① The new English teacher is in the teachers’room. ② Really? What is she like? ③ She has green eyes and a small mouth. ④ And she is very young and shy. ⑤ She is very kind. Unit 3 It’s time to get up ① Mum, what time is it ? ② It’s 7 o’clock. It’s time to get up. ③ It’s half past seven now , time to go to school. ④ It’s a quarter to ten. It’s time to sleep. ⑤ Great. I am so tired. Unit 4When do you have class? ① What time do you usually have breakfast? ②Well, on school days I usually have breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning. ③ I see. And when do you have class? ④I have classes from 8 o’clock in the morning to 4:30 in the afternoon. ⑤ Hmmm. Do you take exercise? ⑥Oh yes. I usually go running or swimming in the afternoon from 4:30 to 5:30. ⑦ Thank you very much. Unit 5What day is it today? ① What day is it today? Is it Wednesday or Thursday? ② It’s Wednesday.It’s my favourite day! ③ Why do you like Wednesday? ④ On Wednesday we have two PE lessons. I love sport. ⑤I don’t like sport, so I don’t like Wednesday . My favourite day Is Thursday.
Recycle1 参考教案
Recycle 1 第一课时 一、教学内容 Read aloud& Listen, circle and match & Look, ask and answer 二、教学目标 1.复习1－3单元的语言和词汇，要求学生掌握所学的四会单词，并能运用所学口语在实际情景中运用和表达。 2. 能听懂、会说单词: show, jacket以及句子：We have a show in the library. Do you have a jacket? 3. 能看懂Look, ask and answer的图片及问题并回答三个问题。 三、教学重难点
1. 认读对话中出现的生词; 熟练朗读并表演课文内容。 2. 能听懂Listen, circle and match并完成相应的练习，复习所学语音知识。 四、教学准备 教学课件、录音机、磁带、单词卡。 五、教学过程 Step 1 热身(Warming-up) 1. 播放录音，全班一起合唱歌曲It’s twelve o’clock,活跃课堂气氛。 2.教师问：What time is it now?学生回答时间。教师说：It’s time for our English class. It’s time to have English. Let’s begin.”。复习1-3单元重点句式和词汇。 Step2 新课呈现(Presentation) 1. 学习Read aloud. (1)师生一起观看课本，教师问：They have a show. (猜一猜show 的意思)。教师再问：Where is the show？让学生找出答案。 (2)教师提出问题：What’s the weather? Where is the library?让学生带着问题去阅读材料，并尝试找出答案。 (3)小组成员讨论答案，确定统一答案。师生核对答案。 (4)播放录音，学生静听。再次播放录音，学生逐句跟读。 (5)教师展示课件，让学生根据课本图片给图片挖孔处配音。 (6)让学生两两一组，仿照课本进行对话，并在小组内进行表演，选
roken probl em, fill the short Board, so that the majority of party member s and fully qualified, compre hensive skill s of grass-r oots party organi zations, grass -roots party level upgra de. Comrades, do a "tw o" learning e ducation is of great significance, responsi bilities, carry signifi cant impli cations. City levels party and ge neral members cadre s, to de ep aware ness "two learn a do" learning e ducati on of importance a nd need, t o height of politi cal consciously a nd full of politi cal ent husiasm, put "two learn a do" learni ng educati on carried out good, for coordinati on a dvance "four a full" strategy layout, and a chieve d "Thirtee n-Five" good start, a nd spee d up construction more hig h ecologi cal vitality happiness of City provi des strong powerful guarantee. Tw o, starting from the revere d Constituti on re spe cted the party Constit ution was XI Jinpi ng, Ge ner al Se cretary to the party's reque st, 18 six pl enary sessi on of the Ce ntral Commissi on for disci pli ne inspe ction re port "five experie nce" first. Full strictly admi nistering the party, first of all, to exalt the party Constit ution, and pi pe the w hol e party, the ruli ng party of the party Constit ution. Revered Constit ution reflected i n awe. Party a party of ideal s and beliefs pur pose, summe d up t he party's fine tradition and style; a clear party members and w hat ca n be done and what must be done, what cannot be done. Ea ch Communist Party Constituti on t o awe and wary eye enha nci ng the sa cred sense of responsibility a nd mission. Hearts filled with party Constitution, hold t he party li ne, BA obligati ons unconditi onally carry out pa rty members, accordi ng to t he Constitution of dire ction towar ds standards efforts. Respe ct reflected i n the st udy the party Constit ution means. Some party member s joi ned t he party Constitution on the shelf, not to lear n, some long-term party a ccording t o the Constit ution of the party's organi zation, the party is not required t o pay membership due s, loose conce pt, party orga nizations of the party organi zation, 小学英语第四册学期教学计划 一、教材分析 1、教材结构分析 本学期使用教材是《九年义务教育六年制小学教科书英语（第四册）》（PEP PRIMARY ENGLISH STUDENTS ’ BOOK 4）,本册教材分为六个单元，两个复习单元。 2、教学内容分析单元题目 话题 Unit 1 My school School things Unit 2 What time is it ? Time ; subjects ; meals Unit 3 Weather Weather ; place Recycle 1 Unit 4 At a farm Animas; number ; vegetables Unit 5 My clothes Clothes ; colour Unit 6 Shopping Clothes ; number Recycle 2 3、教学重难点分析 进行简单的交流关于学校、时间、衣服、天气、购物、农场动物、数字、颜色等几个话题，能用英语书写句子。 二、教学目标 1、知识技能目标 能听懂、会说12组会话，并能进行简单的交流；能听、说、认读60个单词和词组并能听、说、读、写61个单词和24个句子。 2、操作应用目标 能用英语进行关于学校、时间、衣服、天气、购物、农场动物、数字、颜色等几个话题的讨论，并简单运用。w W w .X k b 1. c O m 3、情感态度价值观目标 强调语言的运用，注重能力的培养，突出了兴趣的激发，重视双向交流，融合学科内容，重视灵活扩展，实现整体设计。三、班级学生情况分析 （包括基本情况、认知基础、情感态度、学习习惯以及活动、操作技能、后进生名单等） 四年级分两个班,一班人，二班人，两班情况基本相同,后进生比较多，再加上新转来的几个同学，原来根本没有英语基础，这学期不但要掌握教材所学知识，还要转化后进生，所以在教学中要特别注意改进教学方法，提高课堂效率，争取使每个学生在原有的基础上都有所进步。
四年级下册知识点 第一单元： 一、对应词 my –your I –you our—your this –that here –there yes—no come—go teacher—student boy—girl his—her 二、知识点 1、表示在几楼上，要用介词on，如on the first floor.在一楼。 The first表示第一的，序数词在使用时前面一定要加the,表示事物的排列顺序。 2、介绍离自己近的事物时用this is …., 介绍离自己比较远的事物时用that is…如：T his is my computer. 这是我的计算机。That is your computer.那是你的计算机。 3、how many…?多少？用来询问物品的数量有多少，后面只能跟名词的复数形式。如How many books do you have?你有多少本书？ 4、当表示有一个时，名词的前面可以用a或者an.元音前用an , 辅音前用a.如an a pple一个苹果an orange一个橙子 a pear 一个梨 a dog一只狗 5、当用Is this…? Is that…?提问时，一般用肯定回答是：Yes, it is .否定是: No , i t isn‘t. 第二单元： 1、同义词：supper ===dinner 晚饭 2、say (第三人称单数)――says 3、同义句：What time is it? ===What‘s the time?现在几点了？ 4、Let‘s …后面直接跟动词的原形。如：Let‘s go! 让我们走吧！ Let‘s clean the classroom.让我们打扫教室吧！ 5、It‘s time for …后面跟名词。如：It‘s time for dinner. 该吃晚饭了。 It‘s time for English class.该上英语课了。 It‘s time to…后面跟动词。如：It‘s time to eat dinner. 该吃晚饭了。 It‘s time to have English class. 该上英语课了。 第三单元：
小学英语四年级下册（PEP） Unit 1 My classroom 1、教师事先根据本学校的场所位置画一幅平面图(简图)，但不标出场所的名称。把平面图复印若干份(做活动时每小组一份)。 2、把单词school，playground，classroom，office，art room，music room，multimedia room，library，language lab做成约2cmx3cm的小卡片(若干套)。做活动时每小组一套。 3、借助图片向学生呈现下列单词:school，playground，classroom，office, art room, music room，multimedia room，library，language lab。要求学生做到:(1)看见图片能说出单词；(2)给出单词也能说出场 所名称，只要求学生能认读，不要求拼写。 4、将学生分为4一5人一组(小组成员必须围成一圈)。每组发一张学校平面图和一套单词小卡片。要求学生根据学校场所的实际位置把单词贴在平面图上。 5、让相邻的两个小组对比他们贴好的平面图。如有不同之处，学生自己讨论为什么出现不同之处，并进行适当的修正。 6、把全班学生分成三个大组(队)。在黑板上贴三幅平面图。给每个大组再发一套单词卡片。每个大组派两个人到前面，把卡片贴到平面图上。首先完成且贴得正确的大组获胜。 7、小组内学生轮流根据贴好的平面图向其他学生介绍自己学校的场所(如:This is theplayground.)。鼓励学生使用其他所学语言进行创造性表达，如It is small，but I like it. 8、把学生贴好的平面图贴在班级的墙报上，或者贴在学校的布告栏或校门入口处，当作本校场所位置的英文示意图。 9、对程度较好的学生，可以让他们自己设计一个所教学校的平面图，并用英语向他人作介绍。 评述；此项活动结合学生所在学校的实际情况，通过比较真实的任务(贴卡片)，帮助学生学习语言和运用语言，并开展合作学习。
四年级下册教案 Unit 1 Our School 第一课时 教学目标： 1、能够听、说、认读本课时的主要单词： 2、听懂指示语，并按要求做出相应的动作，如：Go to the garden . Water the Flower . 教学重点：本课时的五个有关学校功能室和设置的单词。 教学难点：Let ’s do 中有关动作单词的发音和含义。 教学步骤 1、热身 教师播放第三册学生用书第五页的歌谣“Work and play ”，让学生跟随录音机说唱。 2、预习 通过和学生一起回顾第三册学生用书第一单元句型：“What’s in the classroom? A board , two lights , many desks and chairs .”自然过渡到学习学校各课室的名称。 3、新课呈现 Let’s learn （1）教师指着教室问学生：T his is our new classroom. Do you like our classroom? What’s in the classroom ? 学生做出相应的回答。教师接着问：How many classrooms are there in our school? Do you like our school? What else can you see in the school ? Look! This is a map of our school .接下来教师借助校园分布图教授生词。教师在教学过程中引入句型“It’s on the first floor .”，为下一课时进一步学习序数词做铺垫。 （2）通过教师领读和听音跟读，让学生掌握本课时五个生词的正确读音。在练习library 的发音时，可复习已学过的含辅音连缀的单词，如ice-cream , brother , friend , hungry 。 （3）游戏 A 、小组比赛。教师出示一张词卡，如graden ，组内学生依次说出与该词有关的其他单词，如：flowers , red , colour , trees 等，这样既复习了学过的单词，也为继续学习Let’s do 打下了基础。 B 、教师或学生做动作，让其他的学生猜并说出该单词。 L et’s do 要求学生听指令，做出相应的动作。可以采取组与组竞赛的方式。 4、Extension 设计自己的学校，并谈谈自己的学校。 【板书设计】 教学后记： 第二课时 教学目标： 1、能听懂、会说：“This is the teacher’s office .That is my cl assroom .”并能在实际情景中进行运用。 2、能跟唱歌曲“Our school ”。 3、了解英美国家关于楼层的不同表达方式。 Unit 1 Our school Let ’s learn playground garden canteen library teacher ’s office
PEP小学英语四年级下册精品教案全册 课题： Unit One My classroom第一课时教学设计方案 教学目标： 1．能听懂、会说：What's in the classroom? Aboard, two lights, many desks and chairs.并能在实际情景中运用。 2．能听、说、认读本课主要单词：classroom, window, door, picture, board, light, 3．能听懂并能按照指令做事情。 教学重点：学习What's in the classroom?及相关单词：classroom, window, door, picture, board, light。 教学难点： 1． window一词注意w的发音，不要与v的发音混淆，教师在教学中应及时纠正。 2．在回答"What's in the classroom?"时，注意单词复数的读音。 教具准备： 1．教材相配套的教学课件［Unit 1 Let's learn/A］ 2．教材相配套的教学录音带 3．教师自制的单词卡 4．一张画有教室的大图 教学过程： （一）热身、复习（Warm-up / Revision） 1．教师播放第一册Recycle 1单元中得"Chant and find"部分，学生跟着录音一起说。 2．教师出示与chant内容相符的图片，问："What's in the picture?"让学生进行 回答。Picture一词由这里引出。 3．复习pencil, ruler, bag, book, pencil-case, sharpener, eraser, crayon,pen 等单词。 4．引导学生用以上单词做问答练习，如：What's in the bag? What's in the pencil-case ? 5．在学生回答出问题后，教师可再追问：How many pencils/pens…?使学生能用复 数进行回答。如：What's in the pencil-case? A ruler, two pencils… （二）呈现新课（Presentation） 1．教师把一张画有教室的大图贴到黑板上，说：This is a classroom. What's in the classroom? 2．学生听懂后，教师可先试着让学生回答，能说出英文的学生给与表扬（desk, chair, picture都已学过），也可让学生用中文回答。 3．告诉学生我们要学习有关classroom的内容，教读classroom 4．让学生观看本部分的教学课件2遍。［Unit 1 Let's learn/A］ 5．让学生看着课件的画面回答：What's in the classroom? (在看了两遍课件的基 础上,考查学生的听力和记忆能力)学生不见得都能回答出来,能说出部分即可。教师可针对
Look! That’s the playground. Where’s the library? It’s next to the art room. Oh, no! That’s my library! Is this the teachers’ office? No, it isn’t. It’s the computer room. Do you have an art room? Yes, it’s on the second floor. Excuse me. Where’s the teachers’ office? It’s on the second floor. OK. Thanks. Hi. Is this the teachers’ office? No, it isn’t. The teachers’ office is next to the library. Hi, Miss White! Here’s my homework. Thank you, Mike. Bye, Miss White. Where’s the library? It’s on the second floor. Is it next to the Classroom 3? Yes, it is. Where’s the library? It’s on the first floor Welcome to our school! This is my classroom. It’s so big! How many students are there in your class? Forty-five students. Is that the computer room? No, it isn’t. It’s the teachers’ office. Do you have a library? Yes, we do. It’s on the second floor. This way, please.
小学英语四年级下册教案 Teaching Plan of Grade 4 Unit 1 ●Topic: School things ●Language systems: 1.Lexis: playground, canteen, garden, teacher’s office, library, art room, music room, computer room, TV room, gym, wash room 2.Grammar: 一般疑问句的问与答：Is this ...? Do you have a ...? 3.Function: 能够简单介绍学校校舍分布情况，说出每个教室的不同功能。 4.Phonology: 能够正确朗读出含元音字母a的单词，并能分析出读音规则。 ●Language skills: 1.Listening: （1）能听懂学校校舍名称的单词、， （2）能听懂一般疑问句的问与答。 （3）能听懂read and write中的词句，以及Pronunciation中元音字母的发音。（4）能听懂关于学校规章制度的英语说法。 2.Speaking: （1）会说本单元表示校舍及课室功能名称的单词。 （2）会说会运用本课的句子介绍学校校舍分布情况，说出每个教室的不同功能。 （3）会说出含元音字母a的单词。 3.Reading: （1）能正确读出本单元关于校舍名称的三会、四会单词，能朗读课文的单词和对话，并能理解对话的内容。
（2）能正确认读出含元音字母a的单词。 4.Writing: 能正确书写课室物品名称的单词，并能按英语书写规则写出般疑问句。 ●Objectives: 1．能力目标 （1）能够简单介绍学校校舍的分布情况，如：This is the teacher's office．That is my classroom． （2）能简单说出每个课室的不同功能，如：Go to the library．Read a story-book． （3）能听懂并回答一些问题，如：Is this the library? Is that the TV room? （4）会唱歌曲“Our School”。 2．知识目标 （1）掌握A、B部分Read and write的单词和句子并能做到会听、说、读、写。 （2）认读A、B部分Let's learn、Let's talk中的单词和句子。 （3）理解Let's do、Let's chant等部分的内容。 （4）了解Story time、Good to know等部分的内容。 3．情感、策略、文化等有关目标 （1）情感态度：能以得体的方式向客人介绍自己的学校。 （2）学习策略：注重合作学习，鼓励学生大胆想象，构思未来学校的蓝图。 （3）文化目标：了解在不同场合应该遵守的公共道德，培养学生对学校的热爱之情。 ●Evidence: 学生能够熟练运用目标语言与他人进行交际活动，能通过操练，独立完成课本、活动手册和同步练习册相关的练习及检测练习，使听、说、读、写技能有所提高。 ●Procedures: 1st Lesson：A Let's learn Let's do C Let's sing 2nd Lesson：A Let's talk Let's play C Let's sing 3rd Lesson：A Read and write B Let's chant C Good to know
PEP小学四年级下册教案全册+反思 Unit 1 Our School 第一课时 教学目标： 1、能够听、说、认读本课时的主要单词： 2、听懂指示语，并按要求做出相应的动作，如：Go to the garden . Water the Flower . 教学重点：本课时的五个有关学校功能室和设置的单词。 教学难点：Let’s do 中有关动作单词的发音和含义。 教学方法:1、在进行词汇教学时，尤其是通过实物或图片，让学生感知颜色与衣物名称连用的六个词组时，切忌一一呈现，而应当让学生在听过录音学习过一两个之后，自己体会并领悟到颜色与学校功能室名称连用的方法，自己说出其它几个词组，或者在原有基础上进行想象、发挥，运用学习过的颜色和学校功能室名称自行搭配，掌握这一知识点。 2、利用书中提供的情景让学生编对话、表演，也可以为学生提供一些其它的情景练习、表演，或者让有能力的同学自己设置情景、编对话、进行操练和表演，既为学生提供了更多的练习机会，又检验了学生实际运用语言的能力。 课前准备：本课时的五张单词卡、录音机、朗读磁带 教学步骤 1、热身 教师播放第三册学生用书第五页的歌谣“Work and play ”，让学生跟随录音机说唱。 2、预习 通过和学生一起回顾第三册学生用书第一单元句型：“What’s in the classroom? A board , two lights , many desks and chairs .”自然过渡到学习学校各课室的名称。 3、新课呈现 Let’s learn （1）教师指着教室问学生：T his is our new classroom. Do you like our classroom? What’s in the classroom ? 学生做出相应的回答。教师接着问：How many classrooms are there in our school? Do you like our school? What else can you see in the school ? Look! This is a map of our school .接下来教师借助校园分布图教授生词。教师在教学过程中引入句型“It’s on the first floor .”，为下一课时进一步学习序数词做铺垫。 （2）通过教师领读和听音跟读，让学生掌握本课时五个生词的正确读音。在练习library 的发音时，可复习已学过的含辅音连缀的单词，如ice-cream , brother , friend , hungry 。 （3）游戏 A、小组比赛。教师出示一张词卡，如graden ，组内学生依次说出与该词有关的其他单词，如：flowers , red , colour , trees 等，这样既复习了学过的单词，也为继续学习Let’s do 打下了基础。 B、教师或学生做动作，让其他的学生猜并说出该单词。 L et’s do 要求学生听指令，做出相应的动作。可以采取组与组竞赛的方式。 4、Extension 设计自己的学校，并谈谈自己的学校。 【板书设计】
T opic One My school Look!That’s the playground.看!那是操场. Where’s the library?.图书馆在哪儿? It’s next to the art room. 它在美术室的旁边。 Oh，No!That’s my library! 哦!不!那是我的图书馆！ Is this the teachers’ office?这是老师的办公室吗?. No,it isn’t.It’s the computer room. 不,它不是。它是电脑室. Do you have an art room? 你们有美术室吗？ Yes.It’s on the second floor. 有的，它在二楼。 Part A Let's learn
Where’s the library?【teachers’ office】图书馆在哪里？/老师的办公室It’s on the first floor.【second floor】它在一楼。/二楼 Let's talk Excuse me .Where’s the teachers’ office?对不起，老师的办公室在哪儿? It’s on the second floor. 它在二楼。 Ok.Thanks. 谢谢！ Hi,Is this the teachers’ office? 嗨！这是老师的办公室吗？ No,it isn’t.The teachers’ office is next to the library. 不，不是的。老师的办公室在图书馆旁边。 Hi,Miss White!Here’s my homework.你好，怀特小姐！这是我的家庭作业。Thank you, Mike.谢谢你，麦克。 Bye,Miss White.再见，怀特小姐。 Look,ask and answer
二00五—二00六学年第二学期教学计划 一、内容分析： 本学期使用教材是《九年义务教育六年制小学教科书英语（第四册）》（PEP PRIMARY ENGLISH STUDENTS’BOOK 4）,本册教材分为六个单元，两个复习单元。 内容安排 单元题目话题 Unit 1 Our school School things Unit What time is it ? Time ; subjects ; meals Unit Is this your skirt ? Clothes ; colour Recycle 1 Unit It’s warm today Weather ; clothes Unit How much is it ? Shopping Unit At a farm Farm animas; number ; vegetables Recycle 2 本册教材强调语言的运用，注重能力的培养，突出了兴趣的激发，重视双向交流，融合学科内容，重视灵活扩展，实现整体设计。 二、班级情况分析 四年级分两个班,一班组45人，二班44人，两班情况基本相同,后进生比较多，再加上新转来的几个同学，原来根本没有英语基础，这学期不但要掌握教材所学知识，还要转化后进生，所以在教学中要特别注意改进教学方法，提高课堂效率，争取使每个学生在原有的基础上都有所进步。 三、主要教学目标： 1、能听懂、会说12组会话，并能进行简单的交流。 2、能听、说、认读60个单词和词组并能听、说、读、写61个单词和24个句子（包括学校、 3、时间、衣服、天气、购物、农场动物、数字、颜色等几个话题），并简单运用。 4、能听、做6个TPR活动。 5、能学会3个小制作。 6、能唱8首歌曲。 7、能听、说、唱7首歌谣。 8、能完成6个自我评价活动。