英语知识竞赛活动方案
一、活动目的：
为全面贯彻《英语课程标准》，进一步激发学生的英语学习兴趣，在全校掀起“学英语、用英语”的热潮，特举办本次英语单英语知识综
合竞赛活动。通过英语单词、句型、阅读等知识的竞赛，让学生更加重
视英语学习，加强对英语学习整合意识。提高学生学习英语的兴趣，
提高学生使用英语的能力。为提高英语成绩打下扎实的基础，营造校园
的英语文化氛围。
二、活动比赛时间： 6 月 15 日下午第三节课
三、活动地点：实验室
四、活动对象：六、七、八年级自愿参与者，每班10 名学生。
五、活动要求：
1.本校教师命题。
2.教师要求学生认真书写单词，变化句型，认真阅读。保证字迹工
整卷面整洁。
3.各年级按规定时间内进行答题比赛，不得提前或推迟比赛时间。
六、比赛内容：范围均为各年级所学教材内的单词，句型、和相关语
法，难度稍高一点。
八、奖励制度：
每个年组各评出一等奖 1 名，二等奖 1 名，三等奖1名。
小壕兔中学英语组
2015 年 6 月
九、活动过程：
考试过程：
小学英语 6-8 年级英语知识竞赛优胜者
名单
（ 2014- 2015学年度下）
六年组：
第一名：李宇
第二名：曹莎莎
第三名：高志强
七年组：第一名：张莉第
二名：崔艳惠第
三名：马龙
八年组：第一名：关成引
第二名：王晓磊
第三名：李榆
全国英语演讲比赛一等奖_清华大学曹丰_英语演讲稿Our Future: A Battle between Dreams And Reality Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen: When I was in the primary school, I have a dream. I want to invent a device which could bring you from one place to another in no time at all. When I was in the secondary school, my dream was to study in my ideal university. And when eventually I got into the university, my dream was to graduate. How pathetic! When we grow up, we dream less And become more realistic. Why? Why do we have to change our dreams, so, so in order to let it be "fulfilled"? Why do we have to surrender to the so-called "reality"? What IS the reality actually? Ladies And gentlemen, the reality is not real. It is a barrier keeping us from all the possible fantasies. Flying, for example, had been a dream to mankind for thousands of years. A hundred years ago, "man could not fly" was still regarded as the "reality". Now if that was really the reality, what did the Wright brothers do? How did some of you get to Macau? Only when we believe that the reality is not real can we soar with our dreams. People say that our future is a battle between the reality And our dreams. And if, unfortunately, Mr. Reality wins this war, then I see no future of mankind at all. AIDS will never be curable as this IS the reality; People living in the undeveloped countries will suffer from
英语单词竞赛活动方案 一、活动目的： 1、通过英语单词的比赛，让学生更加重视英语单词的意义，加强背诵单词的意识。 2、提高学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学生背单词的能力。 3、为提高英语成绩打下扎实的基础，营造校园的英语文化氛围。 二、参赛对象：三至六年全体学生 三、活动地点：各班教室（要最大限度拉开单桌）。 四、活动时间： 本次竞赛定于2019年3月25日下午 五、比赛内容： 比赛内容是各年级所学的所有单词和短语中，新学的英语单词为主，满分120分。 六、制卷、监考、阅卷安排： 1、英语老师负责出本学年的题（以书面形式，笔试）。 2、各班班主任自己监自己学年，串班严格监考，巡考教师为英语教师。 3、比赛结束后，由监考老师负责把试卷交到英语教师办公室。 4、英语教师集中阅卷，全部批完，算好分，选出名次。 5、赛后各位英语老师应进行总结、反思。 七、比赛规则及要求： 1、各班听统一信号，宣布比赛“开始”和“结束”。 2、学生在规定的时间内完成所有试题，要求字迹清晰、格式正确、卷面整洁。结束信号响起应停止答题。 八、竞赛评奖方法： 一等奖1人，二等奖1人，三等奖1人。
附：获奖名单
六年级英语单词竞赛活动的总结与反思 本次英语单词竞赛本着激发学生学习英语的兴趣及提高学生综合运用语言的能力进行的。满分120分。以笔试的形式考查学生对单词知识运用的掌握，竞赛前，学生的热情，积极性很高涨，大家你追我赶，教室里两两结对，你考我，我考你，个个情绪激昂，有的学生手执课本，口中念念有词，班级里显得是那么的和-谐，那么的团结向上。然而竞赛结果却不尽人意，经过我们分析，现总结如下：一，随着年级的增高，教材要求学生认知理解和掌握的单词也越来越多。学生的记忆是短时记忆，对单词的记忆不够扎实，很多学生反映长一点的单词在考场上想着字母颠倒不清。 二，学生将单词的记忆都寄托在课堂上，本次为了让学生明白用功不仅在课堂，课下也要努力，尤其是背单词，所以竞赛前并没有在课堂上给学生时间记单词。而平时作业的背、背写单词的作业往往是抄一抄便罢，也许是作业太多，也许是贪玩……,但是课堂上教学任务也相当重,只有少数能力强的学生在课堂上能将本节课要掌握的单词记住以外,大部分学生还得靠课后的时间来记单词,背单词。 三, 学习能力欠缺的这些学生是老师们最头疼的，不是家庭特殊，就是家长不注重孩子的学习，往往这些学生各门功课都跟不上，学习自主性差，对学习没有兴趣。
英语演讲比赛即兴问答常见问题汇总 Impromptu Questions即兴问题 1. Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone. Others like to be with friends most of the time. Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends 2. Some people say, “Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. ” What’s your opinion about it 3. Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools allow students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better Tell us your reason, please. 4. High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Do you agree with it Why 5. Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which opinion do you agree with Why 6. Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people prefer to spend their spare time indoors. Would you prefer to be outside or would you prefer to be inside for your spare activities Why 7. Some people say that watching television is bad for children. Do you agree with it Why 8. Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. 9. In some countries, people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good rule or a bad rule Why 10. Some famous athletes and sports stars earn millions of dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries Why 11. People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for good health Give us an example, please. 12. People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. Why is music important to many people
全国中学生英语演讲大赛5篇 演说与其他的议论文或应用文不同。它有它独有的现实性、艺术性和鼓动性,故它的语篇更应简洁、严谨并给人以现实感，演讲以其极具魅力的语言特色,吸引着人们的关注。下面给大家分享一些关于全国中学生英语演讲大赛5篇，供大家参考。 全国中学生英语演讲大赛(1) it’s my great pleasure to stand here to present my speech—change the world，change ourselves. it’s noticable that western holidays are becoming increasingly popular day by day，while chinese traditional festivals are being somewhat neglected. not long before about 10 doctors in beijing university and qinghua unversity announced that we should reject the invasion of western holidays ，because they regard western holidays as an challenge against our traditional festivals and culture. frankly speaking，i don’t quite agree with ed，we should never neglect or even discard our traditonal festivals as china boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. (examples) why can’t we absorb the meaningful western holidays and culture.
英语词汇竞赛活动方案 英语词汇竞赛活动方案是怎样的，以下是小编精心整理的相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助! 英语词汇竞赛活动方案一、竞赛目的 为激发学生学习英语的兴趣，检验学生掌握英语单词的情况，扩大学生的汇词量，进一步丰富学生的英语学习生活，提高学生英语的拼写及记忆能力，促使学生“爱英语、学英语、用英语”。现根据学校校园文化活动安排，特举办英语百单词竞赛活动。 二、竞赛主题：Rememberwords,Ican! 三、参赛对象：三至五年级全体学生 四、竞赛时间：20xx年5月22日下午 五、活动组织：教务处、小学英语教研组、各班班主任 六、竞赛内容 三年级：26个大小写字母、三年级上册及本册书中(Unit1——Unit4)的黑体单词进行中英文翻译 四年级：三年级至四年级下册(Unit1——Unit4)中所有黑体及带星号的单词进行中英文翻译和拼写 五年级：三年级至五年级下册(Unit1——Unit4)中所有黑体及带星号的单词进行中英文翻译和拼写 说明：各年级测试内容以本学期教学单词为主，分值占80%。以前学过的占20%)
七、活动要求： 1、各班英语教师总结所学单词，整理成资料印发给学生，学生利用课外时间记忆。 2、5月22日下午3-5年级统一在各班现场比赛，铃声响后发卷。 3、现场比赛总时间为20分钟，铃响后收卷。 4、要求监考老师(各班班主任)认真督查所在班级学生情况，遇到意外情况及时与教导处联系。结束比赛后，监考老师收好学生作品，统一交教导处。 八、书写规则及要求： 1、统一用墨兰色钢笔书写。 2、现场比赛用纸，纸张由学校统一提供。书写用笔自备。 九、评选办法： 1、由英语教师对试卷进行认真评选。 2、评奖以班级为单位，评出一、二、三等奖及优秀奖若干。 十、奖励办法： 对优秀班集体颁发奖状，获奖同学统一颁发喜报，以资鼓励。 英语词汇竞赛活动方案为了配合第十七届校园文化艺术节的深入开展，丰富校园文化生活，营造良好的英语学习
英语演讲比赛策划方案_ 第一篇：英语演讲比赛策划方案 目的：为了营造英语学习气氛，提高我院学生的英语应用水平，促进大学英语教学改革，提高大学英语教学质量，塑造新一代大学生的崭新形象，展现我院学生的靓丽风采，外语系特举办英语演讲比赛。 比赛时间：初赛：待定 决赛：待定 比赛地点：待定 比赛流程： 初赛：1、命题演讲：选手按照规定的主题进行3分钟的命题演讲。（演讲主题的规定到时采用向全系学生征集，尽可能的采用大家最关注的话题，真正的达到从学生中来到学生中去的原则。 2、回答问题：选手回答两位评委分别就命题演讲的内容提出2个问题，答题时间为2分钟。 决赛：1、即兴演讲：把所有的话题之前告知各选手，让他们有个准备，选手按照比赛当场抽取的题目进行即兴演讲，时限为2分钟。 总分及其分布
1、总分：100分 2、命题演讲占70%，回答问题占30%。 评分标准：另附 奖项设置：一等奖1名，二等奖2名，三等奖3名，优秀奖3名。 报名方式：把名字上报到各班学委，再由学委统一报到学习部。 宣传工作： 前期宣传：在人流量较大的食堂、教室、宿舍楼等地点张贴海报，利用广播在赛前进行循环宣传，鼓励更多的同学报名参加，并扩大活动的影响力。把比赛的宣传单发到各班学委手中，及时让同学们了解到相关的情况。 后期宣传：把获奖选手的名单以海报形式贴在宣传栏，以致鼓励。 第二篇：英语演讲比赛策划方案 一、活动目的 为了创造浓厚的校园文化氛围，掀起学英语、说英语的热潮，塑造我校崭新形象，特举办本次英语演讲比赛。 二、可行性分析 1.学校角度
(1)给同学们提供一次展示自我的平台，给同学们创造了一次互相交流的机会，帮助同学们提高自身的英语口语水平及在公众场合下的英语演说能力。 (2)丰富了学校开展的校园文化艺术节活动，锻炼了学生干部的能力，帮助学生会更好更快的成长。 (3)通过该活动来展示本阶段的英语教学水平及成果。 (4)通过这次活动来积累宝贵的经验，便于今后教学和活动的开展。 2.选手角度 (1)有一次展示自己英语口语水平的机会，有一次与他人交流英语学习心得的机会，有一次找到志同道合的伙伴的机会，有一次为英语而疯狂的机会。 (2)锻炼自己的心理素质和口语表达能力，提高团队合作精神。 3.观众角度 (1)为观众带来一场激烈，精彩的英语演讲比赛，带动全体中学生学习英语的热情，激励其学习兴趣。 (2)丰富课余生活，增长见识，开拓视野。 三、活动参与对象和地点：中学部全体学生会议室 四、活动简述 本次活动面向全体中学生，比赛为初赛、复赛、决赛三个环节。活动不仅能为同学们提供一个展示自己能力与才华的舞台、丰富课余生活，而且可以提高同学们学习英语的热情与激情。
英语演讲比赛中即兴演讲题目（2006-2009） (2010-04-23 16:32:57) 转载 标签： 分类：英语收集 英语演讲比赛 即兴演讲题目 （2006-2009） 教育 (分类:#Oral English) 1. Now in the age of the Internet, reading books does not seem as important as it once was. Do you think people can learn as much on the Internet as they can by reading books? Which method do you prefer? 2. It's been said that technology creates more problems than it solves and may threaten or damage the quality of life. Is this statement reasonable? What problems does technology bring us? Use specific examples in your answer, please. 3. Literature is a significant part of human culture and some say it can help form aesthetic taste. However, is it necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, and other types of imaginative literature? 4. Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it when it comes. So how do you define success and how would you make the best use of it? 5. Do you agree that the people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others And please give examples to illustrate your views. 6. Most people agree that buildings represent a valuable record of the past for any society, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground which modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, should modern development be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served?
大学活动英语演讲比赛策划书 大学活动英语演讲比赛策划书 一、活动背景 随着时代的发展,民族逐渐融合,“地球村”也越来越小.如何使中国与国际社会进行更好的交流,促进彼此的发展,是当代中国大学生不可推卸的责任。而英语作为世界上使用最广泛的语言，在国际的交流中自然起着至关重要的作用。所以，英语水平已成为衡量当代大学生素质的基本标准之一。因此，本着“全院参与，办出特色，发现人才，培养学习兴趣”的宗旨，英语俱乐部举办一次面向全校各级的英语演讲比赛，以提高同学们的英语口语水平，提供一个可以展现自我，激励他人的舞台，并且加强在校大学生的竞争意识。 二、活动内容 时间：11月2日晚7：00 地点：待定 主题：不限，可用原稿也可自写，比如描绘自己的家乡，对未来生活~本文由.方案范-文库搜}集整-理#的向往，大学生活~本文由.方案范-文库搜}集整-理#的感受等等积极向上即可 宗旨：本次举办山东交通学院（长清校区）英语演讲比赛，旨在提高大学生们的英语口语水平，提供一个可以展现自我，激励他人的舞台，并且加强在校大学生的竞争意识。 参赛对象：山东交通学院（长清校区）所有学生 评委团：教师评委：待定
学生评委：待定 嘉宾：待定 主持人：待定 三、组织流程 1、组委会名单 宣传：待定 【负责比赛现场的布置、以及活动前期的所有宣传工作等】统分：待定 【负责比赛现场的统分工作等】 内务：待定 【负责比赛场地的借用、所有设备的借用、人员的临时调配】资料：待定 【收演讲稿，抽签计上场顺序】 维序：待定 【现场秩序的维持和处理突发事件】 信息：待定 【负责背景音乐的调放，拍照】 2、活动流程： 1、主持人致开幕词并且介绍到场的评委、嘉宾。
曹丰 Our Future: A Battle between Dreams and Reality Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen: When I was in the primary school, I have a dream. I want to invent a device which could bring you from one place to another in no time at all. When I was in the secondary school, my dream was to study in my ideal university. And when eventually I got into the university, my dream was to graduate. How pathetic! When we grow up, we dream less and become more realistic. Why? Why do we have to change our dreams, so, so in order to let it be "fulfilled"? Why do we have to surrender to the so-called "reality"? What IS the reality actually? Ladies and gentlemen, the reality is not real. It is a barrier keeping us from all the possible fantasies. Flying, for example, had been a dream to mankind for thousands of years. A hundred years ago, "man could not fly" was still regarded as the "reality". Now if that was really the reality, what did the Wright brothers do? How did some of you get to Macau? Only when we believe that the reality is not real can we soar with our dreams. People say that our future is a battle between the reality and our dreams. And if, unfortunately, Mr. Reality wins this war, then I see no future of mankind at all. AIDS will never be curable as this IS the reality; People living in the undeveloped countries will suffer from starvation forever as this IS the reality; 4)Disputes among different countries would never be settled as this misunderstandings and intolerance IS the reality. Ladies and gentlemen, how many of you have a dream of being able to make a lot of money? Please raise your hands. Oh, quite a number of you! Actually, ladies and gentlemen, this is not a dream, but a task. Every one of us has to make a living, right? Anyway I hope your task will be accomplished. How many of you think that you have already fulfilled your dream and that you don't dream anymore? Dear 5)adjudicators, what do you think? C.S. Lewis once said, "You are never too old to dream a new dream." So for our future, please dream and be unrealistic. Now that I am a university student, my goal is to graduate with excellences. But at the same time, I have a dream deeply rooted in our future. One day, people living in the areas now 6)sweltering with the horror of wars will be able to sit with their families and enjoy their every moment. One day, people from the rich countries are willing to share what they have with those from the poor countries and those from the poor countries will eventually be able to make their own happy living themselves. One day, different cultures in this age
小学英语竞赛活动方案
时间：90分钟内完成一张竞赛试卷。 六、组织机构 组长：李明坤 副组长：周贤敏 成员：韦薇、尹益琴、黄梅、韦万鑫、陈景莉 七、竞赛标准 根据卷面分数评出各类奖项。 八、奖项设置 按班级评选出一、二、三名，并颁发奖金、奖状。 九、经费预算 第一名奖给40元奖金，第二名奖给30元奖金，第三名奖给20元奖金。全校共8个班，每班三个名次共90元，全校共90×8=720元。 十、注意事项 1．各班班主任或英语老师负责学生的报名参赛工作。 2．各年级出题人员保质保量的将试卷出好发到学校群共享中，并提送一份标准答案。 3．阅卷人员于2013年5月28日将成绩和试卷一并报送教导处。 综合教研组2013年5月28日 2、小学生英语单词竞赛活动方案 随着教学工作的深入，作为教师，深知抓好单词的教学是英语教学的根本。所以，本着以提高学生英语学习兴趣为前提，以加强学生记单词的意识为目的，营造良好的英语学习氛围，我镇定于5月中旬开展英语单词竞赛。 一、参赛对象 全镇三到五年级的在校学生。
中学生英语演讲比赛章程 各市教育局： 为全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，适应高考综合改革和高中课程改革要求, 培养学生英语核心素养，经研究, 决定举办山东省首届普通高中学生英语演讲比赛。现将有关事项通知如下: 一、活动主题 二、参赛对象 全省普通高中高一、高二在校学生 三、比赛形式 （一）第一阶段（地市级初赛， 2018年9月） 各普通高中学校高一、高二年级组织参赛选手根据比赛演讲主题自拟题目，完成一篇演讲稿，并模拟现场演讲录音（约400字3分钟），并最终提交到学校，组委会统一收取，两周内发布晋级通知。初赛提交稿件的截止时间：2018年9月15日。 （二）第二阶段（地市级复赛，2018年10月） 初赛选手60%比例晋级复赛，现场脱稿演讲，角逐地市级决赛名额。（三）第三阶段（地市级决赛， 2018年11月） 复赛选手50%比例晋级决赛，现场同台比赛，内容包含：即席演讲 + 提 问。 （四）第四阶段（山东省总决赛，2018年12月）
各地市级决赛选手30%比例晋级山东省总决赛，现场同台比赛，内容包 含：即席演讲+评委问答+已备演讲。 四、奖励事项 1、地市级初赛选手60%晋级地区复赛 2、地市级复赛选手40%晋级地区决赛 3、地市级决赛设一、二、三等奖及优胜奖、优秀指导老师奖，其中各地区 一、二等奖可进入山东省总决赛。 4、山东省总决赛设一二三等奖及优胜奖，其中一等奖4 个（第1—4 名）， 二等奖 12 个（第 5—16 名）,三等奖 16 个（第 17—32 名）,优胜奖 32 个（第 33—64 名），优秀组织奖和优秀指导教师奖若干。 五、注意事项 （1）本次比赛以自愿参赛为原则，报名及初赛均不收取任何费用。 （2）为保证能准确及时地联系到参赛选手，请完整填写个人信息及联系方式。 （3）所有参赛选手请关注官方网站，比赛进程相关信息均通过网站发布。 六、联系方式： 电话： 山东省英语演讲比赛委员会 2018年9月
第14届“21世纪·联想杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军金璐清华大学 What would you do if you had only one day left to live? ―What would you do if you had only one day left to live?‖ I asked this question to my young students when teaching English this winter. What were their answers? ―I would watch television!‖ the first answer. ―I would play with the computer!‖ the second one. ―I would play with computer TOO.‖ The girl finished her sentence perf ectly with a serious smile. Indeed how cute and innocent that smile was, but how seriously my heart was hurt. I was too frightened to listen to more answers like that. Ten years ago, at their age, I had a different answer: I would spend the last day of my life gazing at the face of my dear grandmother until I inscribed every detail of it onto my mind. When grandmother was getting old and weak, my family bought her a telephone so I could save time and the trouble of traveling to her home by making phone calls instead. Later we bought her a television so she could watch modern dramas by herself. Then grandma must have been, we assumed, very contented and happy. But I never really knew how grandma felt. She silently passed away without a word one night. When I heard about her death, a chilling pain pierced my empty heart. The pain grew even sharper as I tried to remember in detail exactly how grandma looked and I failed completely! How could I remember? I had not visited her for ages—it seemed like a century! My memories of her dissolved into thin air and leaked away like water. Even though I have a telephone, can she hear me now? Even though I might be on television, can she see me now? Even though I have modern telecommunications, can she still communicate with me now? With all these ―tele‖s, I was powerless. Don’t people just love the word of ―tele‖, which means far away. Indeed this is how modern technology has changed our world. But please don’t forget this other word with ―tele‖: telepathy: which refers to human beings’ inborn ability to connect to our loved ones. Our minds are supposed to read each other’s minds; our hearts are supposed to feel each other’s hearts — and fulfill these without any forms of tool!
第12届“外研社杯”全国大学生英语演讲大赛江西赛区即兴演讲话题 1.it is great to be great, but it is greater to be human. ----------rogers 2.failure is a man who has blundered, but is not able to cash in on the experience. ----------elbert green hubbard 3.no man is enough rich to buy back his past. ----------wilde 4.behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image. ----------goethe 5.character is what you are in the dark.. ----------moody 6.if you would be loved; love and be loved. ----------franklin ----------bacon 8. laughter is the shortest distance between two people. ----------borge 9. it is no use doing what you like, you have got to like what you do. ----------churchill 10. to go for great goals, you have to start from minor ones. ----------sukhomlinsky 11. the shortest way to do many things is to do one thing at a time. ----------smiles 12. education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. ----------yeats 13. the world is a ladder for some to go up and others to go down. ----------anonymous 14. all the advantages isn’t in running fast, but rather in getting an early start. ----------rabelais 15. happiness, l have discovered, is nearly always a rebound from hard work. ----------grayson 16. the farther a man knows himself to be from perfection, the nearer he is to it. -----------groote 17. a mother is not a person to lean on but a person to make leaning unnecessary. ----------fisher 18. the more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is. 19. we must be prepared to displease the dearest ones for the sake of principle.. ----------gandhi
“21世纪·爱立信杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军得主的演讲稿 To me March 28th was a lucky day. It was on that particular evening that I found myself at central stage, in the spotlight. Winning the "21st Century·Ericsson Cup" Seventh National English Speaking Competition is a memory that I shall treasure and one that will surely stay. More important than winning the Cup is the friendship that has been established and developed among the contestants, and the chance to communicate offstage in addition to competing onstage. Also the competition helps boost public speaking in China, a skill hitherto undervalued. For me, though, the competition is a more personal experience. Habitually shy, I had been reluctant to take part in any such activities. Encouraged by my friends, however, I made a last-minute decision to give it a try. In the course of preparation I somehow rediscovered myself, a truer me. I found that, after all, I like communicating with other people; that exchanging views can be so much fun—and so much rewarding, both emotionally and intellectually; that public speaking is most effective