英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
1.Passage One
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21 st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn ’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue over
it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid
it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they
are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don ’t know enough to
relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can ’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world ’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total
energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but
that ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic
growth unless we condemn the world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global
warming. Still, politicians want to show they ’re “doing something. ”Consider the Kyoto
Protocol (京都议定书 ). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn ’t. But it
hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only
solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when
it ’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don ’t
solve the
engineering problem, we ’re helpless.
57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide
crisis at all. commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it under or stop it. control.
58. According to the author ’s understanding, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.
A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energy
B) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances of science and poor technology
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology
C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
Passage Two
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit
card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would
watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing
company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to
friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The
digital bread crumbs ( 碎屑 ) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers
to
reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple
Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world
where you simple cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about
losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me. ”
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change
any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).
But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It ’s like health: When you have it, you don ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you ’d done more to protect it.
62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?
A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others ’ secrets.
C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A) Friends should open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.
B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.
64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a
secret ”
(Line 5, Para.3)?
A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.
B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.
C) There are always people who are curious about others ’ affairs.
D) Many search engines profit by revealing people ’s identities.
65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything devices. about it.
66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.
A) people will make every effort to keep it
woman.
B) its importance is rarely understood
There are many reasons for
C) it is something that can easily be lost
D) people don ’t cherish it until they lose it
this-typically, men take more risks than
woman and are more likely to drink and
smoke but perhaps more importantly,
men don ’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often
2.Passage One
as they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
is particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.
diseases tend to strike. ”
If you are a male and you are reading
Gullotta says a healthy man should
this ,congratulations: you are a
visit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According to statistics .you are
those over 45,it should be at least once a
more than twice as likely to die of skin
year.
cancer than a woman ,and nine times
Two months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you
50-year-old ma who had delayed doing
make it to the end of your natural term,
anything about his smoker ’s cough for a about 78 years for men in Australia, you
year.
will die on average five years before a
“When I finally saw him it had already
spread and he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ” he says, “Earlier detection and inevitably place strain on the public purse, treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says. ” But prevention is cheaper would have prolonged this life ”in the long run than having to treat the
According to a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far
women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death. ”
see a doctor once a year, compared to 57.Why does the author congratulate his 70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?
（不可战胜的）” Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.
golf course and they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average life span has been
could happen to him. considerably extended.
Then there is the ostrich approach, ” C. They have lived long enough to read some men are scared of what might be this article.
there and would rather not know, ” says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and Dr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.
“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the most
more regularly than they service their important reason men die five
years
bodies, ” Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?
diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more than
be addressed by preventive check-ups. women
2020年6月英语四级模拟题：长篇阅读匹配 2020年6月英语四级模拟题：长篇阅读匹配 Being Objective on Climate Change https://www.doczj.com/doc/c617097994.html,st week，Craig Rucker,a climate-change skeptic and the executive director of a nonprofit organization called the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow(CFACT)，tweeted a quotation supposedly taken from a 1922 edition of the Washington Post：“Within a few years it is predicted due to ice melt the sea will rise＆make most coastal cities uninhabitable．”The intent，of course，was to poke fun at current headlines about climate change． B.Rucker’s organization is a member ofthe Cooler Heads Coalition，an umbrella organization operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute，a nonprofit that prides itself on its opposition to environmental ists．Rucker himself is part of a network of bloggers，op-cd writers，and policy-shop executives who argue that climate change is either a hoax or all example of left-wing hysteria．Surfacing old newspaper clips is one of their favorite games．They also make substantive arguments about climate policy,but the sniping may be more effective．There is no stronger rhetorical tool than ridicule． C.In this case，Ruckcr’s ridicule seems misplaced．After spending a few minutes poking around online，1 was able to find both the Washington Post article and the longer SourCe material that it came from—a weather report issued by the U．S．consul in Bergen，Norway,and sent to the State Department on october 1 0，1 922．The report didn’t say
2016年6月英语四级考试长篇阅读答案(卷二) Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization? [A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization. [B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
2019英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(9) Deborah Kenny's "Born to Rise" Tells Story of Harlem Village Academies A) Deborah Kenny, CEO of the Harlem Village Academies, is frustrated with the nation's current education system. Unlike most, though, she decided to do something about it. Part declaration part record, her book Born to Rise writes down her journey toward creating and running her own system of progressive charter schools in Harlem in New York City. What is your educational philosophy? B) We want our students to receive the same high-quality education as students who are privileged to attend the best private schools in the country. Personally, I believe a progressive education is superior as long as it's delivered by really smart, talented teachers who know how to execute well. It's a sophisticated approach that really only works well in the hands of a really sophisticated educator. We're dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system. And when they enter in fifth grade, they're not yet well-trained in the basics reading, writing, and math--which means that we have to catch them up on basic math skills, on the 'basics of writing. And many of them come in at a kindergarten, first, second-grade level in reading. So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics, but we reject the idea that if you do that you can't teach that at a high level. We push ourselves constantly to think about how we can make sure that our students will catch up while we teach at the highest possible
2013年12月大学英语四级考试长篇阅读原文 Peer-to-peer rental: The rise of the sharing economy LAST night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4m people have used it—2.5m of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet. You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast, owning a timeshare or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be disaggregated and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing. What…s mine is yo urs, for a fee Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel as and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As proponents of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps ownership. Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to- peer lending (though cash is hardly a spare fixed asset) or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (though that looks a bit like becoming a utility). And it is not just individuals: the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other. Such “collaborative consumption” is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $9,300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month; some make more than $1,000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. (It is not surprising that many sharing firms got going during the financial crisis.) And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them. For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons who imagine that every renter is Norman Bates can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot lousy drivers, bathrobe-pilferers and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works. Peering into the future
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析 1.Passage One Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. 57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control. 58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about. 59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. A) economic growth B) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energy D) the rapid advances of science and technology
大学英语四级阅读理解（1）We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把......按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(7) Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attac hed to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify th e paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more th an once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the c orresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2． Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and Adults A) This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults i n the context of lifelong learning．It calls for fair access to learning programs that are ap propriate，and mentions life skills particularly． B)Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential，their pe rsonality and their strengths．This does not merely mean learning new knowledge，but als o developing abilities to make the most of life．These are called life skills——including t he inner capacities and the practical skills we need． C)Many of the inner capacities——often known as psych0—social skills——cannot be taught as subjects．They are not the same as academic or technical learnin9．They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning，and in particular by teachers．These skills have to do with the way we behave—towards other people，towards ourselves，towa rds the challenges and problems of life． They include skills in communicating，in making decisions and solving problems，in negotiating and expressing ourselves，in thinking critically and understanding our feelings． D)More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical t asks we face．Some would include vocational skills under the heading of life skills——the ability to lay bricks．sew clothes，catch fish or repair a motorbike．These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people lea ving school．In fact，very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn mor e practical skills．Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills． E)We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life，so learning them may be part of early child—hood education．of primary and secondary education and of adult lear
英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(3) Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attach ed to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the p aragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corres ponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. TV Linked to Lower Marks A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets wer e turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, r etard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine. B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bed room can have on third graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relati on to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said stu dy author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sc hool of Public Health. C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, coll ected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watche d, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and wher e they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the diff erent media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers foun d that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound e ffect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close asso ciation with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said. D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is e ight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in t he bedroom," she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language art s tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home co mputer, Borzekowski noted.