高考英语三大从句
一、名词性从句
1.当从句的结构与意义都完整，说话人语气坚定用that，有疑问用whether/if。
2.当从句的结构完整，意义不完整，缺状语用where,when,why,how, 缺定语用whose或which。
3.当从句的结构不完整，缺主宾表，说事用what，说人用who, whom。
二、形容词性从句(定语从句)
1.当从句的结构不完整，缺主宾表，说事用that /which，说人用that/who/whom.
2.当从句的结构完整，意义不完整，缺状语用where(in/on+which),when(in/on/at/during+which),why(for+which).
3.当从句的结构不完整，缺定语用whose(=of which/whom +the+n. = the+n.+of which/whom)
三、副容词性从句(状语从句)
时间状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the second, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly
地点状语 where, wherever
原因状语 because, as, since, now that
条件状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that
目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that
结果状语 so…that, such…that
比较状语 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more
方式状语 as if, as though, as
让步状语 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
名词性从句练习题 1._______ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has been 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________. A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed 5. The early years of the D.U company were characterized by a debate concerning or individual form should have more power. A. whether the cooperation form B. either the cooperation form C. that cooperation form D.the cooperation form 6. Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 7. No one can be sure _____________ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 8. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 9. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for 10. _____________ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 11. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 12. He asked _____________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
状语从句一什么是状语从句 二状语从句位置 三状语从句分类 四特殊句式 五状语从句常见考点 六练一练
一什么是状语从句 状语从句是行使状语功能的从句，因为其作用相当于副词，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连接词或起连接词作用的词组引导。 二状语从句位置 比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 三状语从句分类
让步状语 though, although, even though, while whether ，whoever/no matter who ，whatever/ n o m atter w hat ，whenever/ no matter Even t hough y ou s ay s o, I d o n ot believe it. 比较状语 than as …as ，the more … the more The m ore I s ee him , t he l ess I l ike h im. 方式状语 as, as if , as though He t old m e e verything a s i f I w ere h is best friend. 四 特殊句式 时间状语中 A:It + b e +时间点+ w hen …… 当某事发生时是什么时候 It was 11:00 PM when he came back last night. B:It i s/has b een +时间段 + s ince …… 自从某事发生后已过了多久时间 It i s /has b een t wo y ears s ince I e ntered t he t he s enior s chool. C:It + be +时间段 + before …… 在某事发生之前需要多久时间 It was 8 years before we finally drove away the Japanese invaders. It m ight b e a l ong t ime b efore C hinese l and o n t he m oon. 让步状语从句 A: as 引导的让步状语从句， 从句的表语、状语必须前置到句首。 Short as he is, he plays basketball very well. Child as he is, he is knowledgeable. （开头 0 冠词的用法） 1 2
近五年高考英语语法填空从句总结 从句一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属 于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句 (即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 高考中从句知识点考查最多的是定语从句。我们将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的从句 进行总结，希望可以为英语老师们帮助学生解答这一类题型提供助力。 2019年 全国I卷 While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 全国 II卷 Now Irene Astbury works from9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field,62she opened with her late husband Les. 全国 III卷 They were well trained by their masters64 had great experience with caring for these animals. 浙江卷 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark. 2018年 全国I卷
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
【宾语从句】 在英语中，有简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。本节课我们复习复合句里面的宾语从句 ．．．．。 如：She knows that he will come back soon. I’m afraid that I can’t go to your party. 1.宾语从句的【引导词】 宾语从句的引导词分三种。 ●(1) 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that.（that在口语中常省略） 主句：He says... 从句：He is tired of playing computer games. → He says that he is tired of playing computer games. ●(2) 如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether，表示“是否”。 主句：I don’t know… 从句：Does Tom likes fish? → I don’t know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意】① whether引导的从句常与or not连用，而if不能； ②宾语从句可简化为whether to do的搭配，而没有if to do这种搭配. 如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you tell me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展】if有两个意思： 1. 表示“是否”，引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定。 2. 表示“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表示将来（遵循“主将从现”规则）。 经典例题：--Do you know if Tom ____________(go) hiking with us ? --I’m not sure. But i f he ____________(go), I will take many photos with him . ●(3) 如果从句是特殊疑问句，直接用该疑问词来引导。 主句：Do you know… 从句：what does he want to buy? → Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 2. 宾语从句的【时态】 ■(1) 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ ■(2) 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去的某时态 如：He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。 Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 【注意】格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时。 如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun.
高考英语考前押题：三大从句 1．A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012, ________ the date, the month and the year match. A．that B．on which C．in which D．which 2．My favorite writer is Mo Yan, some of ________ novels have a surprising ending. A．whom B．his C．whose D．which 3．After visiting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time ________ they had spent. A．that B．what C．when D．at which 4．Many people tried to leave the country, ________ there was much violence and a serious shortage of food supply. A．where B．which C．that D．what 5．The most impressive sites of Chishui Danxia are its various waterfalls, _______ the Shizhang Waterfall is the largest one. A．for which B．in which C．from which D．of which 6．Everyone is different and that is ________ makes our world much better. A．that B．which C．who D．what 7．—What has made John look like lacking sleep? —________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night. A．For B．Because C．That D．What 8．You seem to have a ready-made answer ________ I ask you a question. A．whenever B．whatever C．whichever D．whoever 9．(_______ you are unable to deal with it, perhaps we should ask someone else for help. A．Although B．While C．Since D．Unless 10．You had better book rooms at the hotel in advance ________ you should find no room on your arrival. A．so that B．even if C．in case D．now that 11．Actually, the London Olympic Park is built ________ there used to be a poor area called East London. A．what B．when C．where D．why 12．The pupils were playing games in the classroom ________ a gunman entered and began shooting wildly at them. A．while B．when C．as D．before 13．It is announced that big prizes will go to ________ finishes the assignment on time. A．whom B．who C．whomever D．whoever 14．)What impresses me most is ________ he appears in front of others, he w ears a sincere and charming smile. A．what B．which C．that where D．that whenever 15．It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic. A．when B．that C．what D．where 1．_______ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of doing morning exercise. A．As B．Which C．What D．It 2．The government should consider ________ people and the environment will be affected before they make decisions. A．whether B．which C．where D．what 3．—I don't mind how you do it ________ you finish the painting on time. —OK, I see. A．as well as B．as far as C．as long as D．as fast as 4．Provide your doctor with a detailed medical history ________ he can give you accurate treatment. A．even if B．in case C．so that D．as though 5．All the soldiers were placed exactly ________ the local government wanted them for the control of the comeback of the flood.
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
从句练习 1.Perseverance is a kind of quality, and that’s it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 2. fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. what B. That C. This D. Which 3.The suit fitted him well the color was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 4. the flight to New York will be delayed is I’m especially worried about. A. If; what B. Whether; that C. When; that D. Whether; what 5.These houses are sold at such a low price people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 6.By the time he was 12 years old, he had built a lab of his own. A. that B. in which C. which D. by which 7. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time 8. I’m going to spend my holiday in Beijing, live my old parents. A. which B. that C. where D. there 9.I remember this used to be a quiet village． A．when B．how C．where D．what 10.There is a mountain, the top always covered with snow． A．of that B．of which C．with D．that 11.The wolves hid themselves in the place couldn’t be found． A．that B．where C．in which D．in that 12. These two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season. A. except that B. in which C. in that D. so that 13. You may depend on that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time. A. which B. it C. whom D. these 14. Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is watch Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same; that 15.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries. A. as B. that C. so D. it 16. The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationship with real-life people. A. that B. when C. in which D. on which 17. In the evening school where I study computer . A. is there B. has many people C. is well taught D. is nice 18. In the book, Newton is shown as a gifted scientist who stood at the point in history
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
高考英语定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句综合练习 一定语从句 1.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句为定语从句，如： The novels that were written by Lu Xun were not easy to understand. 2.定语从句的构成要素 （1）先行词： （2）关系词： （3）从句： 3.定语从句的关系词 that which （1）关系代词who whom whose as when （2）关系副词where why 4.关系词的句法功能： （1）关系代词在定语从句中作______________，关系副词在定语从句中作_______________，关系代词作宾语时可以省略； （2）关系副词在定语从句中作______________。 5.定语从句解题方法 找准先行词，将先行词带入定语从句，使定语从句成为一个完整的句子，再分析从句的句子成分。若从句缺主语或宾语选用_____________________，若从句却状语，选用_____________________。 二、名词性从句 1.名词性从句分类 （1）主语从句 （2）宾语从句 （3）表语从句 （4）同位语从句 2.名词性从句的语序 名词性从句使用________________语序 3.名词性从句的引导词 连接词：that, whether, if 名从引导词连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whomever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 4.名词性从句引导词的句法功能
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
近五年高考英语语法填空从句总结 近五年考点分类分布 定语从句同位语从句宾语从句 2019 全国Ⅰ1 2019 全国Ⅱ1 2019 全国Ⅲ1 2019 浙江1 2018 全国Ⅰ1 2018 全国Ⅱ1 2018 全国Ⅲ1 2018 浙江1 2017 全国Ⅰ1 2017 全国Ⅲ1 2017 浙江1 2016 全国Ⅰ1 2016 全国Ⅲ1 2015 全国Ⅰ1 2015 全国Ⅱ1 通过上表可以看出，语法填空题对从句的考查更多地集中在定语从句上，名词性从句也有所涉及。 ▲ 2019 年 全国 I 卷 While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 全国 II 卷 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. 全国 III 卷 They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals.
浙江卷 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark. ▲ 2018年 全国 I 卷 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 全国 II 卷 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 全国 III 卷 I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 浙江卷 Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. ▲ 2017年 全国 I 卷 Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 全国 III 卷 But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to provethat she has brains as well as beauty. 浙江卷
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关