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英语教案 (13)

英语教案 (13)
英语教案 (13)

倒装句(Inversion of Sentence)

完全倒装:指整个谓语部分放在主语之前。

部分倒装:指谓语中的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或系动词)放在主语之前,其余部分放在主语之后。

形式倒装:把句中的某一个部分放在主语之前,主谓的顺序不变。

特别提示:主倒与从倒前倒与后倒

一、完全倒装

A、简单句

1、there+ be结构中的倒装,有些不及物动词也可用于此结构,如:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等。

There are 40 students in our class.

There stands a bridge across the river.

2、以here, there then ,now , next ,thus ,hence, up , down, in , out , off , below, above, away 等副词开头的倒装句,其谓词动词一般为be, go , come, follow, exist, remain 等不及物动词。

Here come the rest of the party .

There goes the bell.

Up went the arrow into the air.

Down fell a dozen apples.

Thus ends his life (他就这样结束了生命)

注:若主语为代词,则主谓不倒装。

Here you are.

Then he left.

In he rushed.

3、表地点的介词短语(in front of ,in the distance, to the east of , in the corner of 等)在句首,且谓语为不及物动词,主谓需倒装,起强调作用。

At the school gate stood a guard.

Under the tree sit some students.

(To the )east of the two hills is a factory.

注:若主语为代词,则不用倒装。

Behind the counter he stood.

4、表语提前的倒装句型

1)介词短语+ be + 主语。

2)形容词+ be + 主语。

3)分词+ be + 主语。

On the wall are several water — color paintings.

Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。

Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.

5、分词置于句首的倒装

当进行进态中的现在分词和被动语态中的过去分词置于句首时,需用倒装。

Sitting around her were her children .

Shot by enemies were two entirely innocent tourists.

B、复合句

1、当直接引语置于句首时主句用不用倒装均可,但倒装形式更为常见。

“Would you like to go back to the hotel?” asked Paul.

“I shall not scold you,” Said the man, “you are punished enough how.”

注①:如果主谓语部分含有助动词就不用倒装。

“I am hungry,” she had said (句中有助动词had)。

②:如果主句的谓语动词有宾语时不用倒装。

“He is a student ”,Tom said to me.

二、部分倒装

A、简单句

1、否定词语或半否定词语置于句首

① never, never before, never again, hardly, scarcely, rarely, very rarely, barely, seldom , very seldom, little, few, in vain置于句首,需要部分倒装。

Never have I beard or seen such a thing .

Hardly did I think it possible.

In vain did we try. (我们试了,无效。)

② not 短语置于句首

not 与被否定的词语或宾语,同时提前,句子才用部分倒装,如not until, not + an/a + 名词(not a soul, not a moment, not a word等), not + a + single +名词(not a single mistake等), not until,,not only, not merely, not simply ,not once , not often, not otherwise等。

Not a moment did she waste.

Not a single mistake did he make in this work.

Not until after the war did he come back to his research work.

注:当not 否定主语,或not only…but also 连接两上主语时,不用倒装。

Not a word was said .

Not only you but also I will attend the meeting .

③ no 短语置于句首

no常可与其他词语构成固定短语,表示“决不”,如by no means,in no way,in no case,on no account,under (或in )no circumstances,at no time, on no terms等。如果这些短语作状语,置于句首,句子就通常用部分倒装。除此之外,no longer, in no tome, no sooner 等短语置于句首,通常也要部分倒装。

By no means should he be left alone.

In no way can we allow this to continue.

注:如果no 否定主语,句子就不用倒装。

No student is allowed to enter the office.

④ no 构成的合成词置于句首

no构成和成词,如nobody, nothing , nowhere 等作宾语或状语,置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

Nobody did I see there.

Nothing can I do.

注:当nobody, nothing 作主语时,句子不用倒装。

Nobody knows that secret.

Nothing is wrong.

2、only加状语置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively.

Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak.

注:only 当修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。

Only socialist can save China.

Only he can deal with such situation..

Only he the icebreaking journey to Korea in the past 20 years.

A. did, make

B. has, make

C. did, made

D. 不填, has made

3、Still/ much/ even less (更不用说)和least of all (最不)放在句首时,句子通常要部分倒装。

Least of all would I want to hurt your feelings.

Still/ much/ even less is it his intention to marry her.

4、频率副词或短语(often, always once, many a time, now and again, every other day等)置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.

How many times have I told you not to stand on that chair.

注:此句型也可不用倒装。

Mary a time I have seen that man begging from door to door.

5、well , long 等副词置于句首

well, long 等副词置于句首,需用部分倒装。

Well did I know him and well did be know me.

Well do I remember your father.

注意:long live our friendship.

May you succeed.

B、复合句

a)主倒从不倒

1、在Hardly…when, scarcely…when, bearly…when , no sooner…tha n句型中,如果把否定的词放到句首,需要部分倒装。

Hardly(Scarcely) had he arrived home when it began to rain. 他刚到家就开始下雨了。

No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.

2、在so … that 句型中,如果把so 及其修饰的词语提到句首,需用部分倒装; 在such … that 句型中,如果such 及其修饰的词语提到句首,也需用部分倒装。

So fast did he run that I c ouldn’t catch up with him.

So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.

Such fine weather is it that we decide to go for an outing.

注:①so作副词,置于后一分句句首,表示“也一样”。

He knows French and so do I .

②to/ in such+名词放在句首时,用部分倒装,such用于句首时,全部倒装。

To such lengths did go not, her stories that every body began to feel sleepy.

Such was Albert Einstein.

3、as (just as ) …,so…句型中的倒装

as (just as) …,so…句型用于比喻,副词so 部分需用部分倒装,表示“正如……,”“……也一样”。

As you sow ,so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。

As the earth travels through space, so does the moon round the earth.

注:此句型也可不用倒装。

Just as French people enjoy their wine, so the British enjoy their beer.

4、only + 状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装。

Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.

5、not until + 状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装。

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

b)从倒主不倒

1、虚拟条件从句中的倒装

为条件句中出现had, were , should 时,可以省略if ,可采用部分倒装。

If he had come earlier, be would not have missed the bus.

→Had he come earlier, he would not have missed the bus.

2、even if 引导的虚拟让步状语从句;如果句中含有had, were , should 时,可省略even if 或保留even 省略if, 都需用部分倒装。

(1)省略even if 。

Were the danger even greater, I should feel compelled to go. 即使危险再大,我也觉得非去不可。

(2)保留even 省略if 。

Even had she been alive, we shouldn’t have seen her. 即使她还活在人间,我们也见不着她。

3、无引导词的让步状语从句:此句型的动词必须用原形,并采用倒装形式。

(1)be + 主语+ or 连接的两个表语,相当于whether …or。

(2)be + 主语+ever so + 形容词,相当于whether …or。

(3)动词原形+ or + 连接的两个主语,相当于no matter + 疑问词。

(4)动词原形+ 疑问词+ 主语+ may / will, 相当于no matter + 疑问词。

“Be he rich or poor, I’ll marry him all the same,”said the girl.

(=Whether he is rich or poor, I’ll marry him all the time.)

Be a child ever so clever, if he does not learn, he knows nothing.

(=No matter how clever a child is ,if he does not learn, he knows nothing.)

Come wind or rain, we’re having our party outside today.

(=Whether wind or rain comes, We’re having our party outside today.)

I shall have to buy the coat, cost what it may.

(=No matter what it many cost, I shall have to buy the coat.)

4、在用作比较的连词as/than 引导的从句里,通常也要倒装。

She traveled a great deal, as did most of her friends.

He enjoys dancing more than do his brothers.

5、定语从句的倒装

在介词加关系代词引导的定语从句中,谓语为不及物动词或动语态时,常用倒装形式。There is an old house in which lives a poor hunter.

You can see the gate at which stands a guard.

c)前倒后不倒

1、not only …but(also……)放在句首时,要部分倒装。

Not only did they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest

d)前后都倒

1、Neither/ not…nor 引导的两个分句时,这两个都要进行部分倒装。

Neither do I know her address, Nor does he.

Not could the patient eat, Nor could he drink.

注意:neither, nor, no more 置于分句句首

①作副词,置于后一分句句首,表示“也不”。

He did not do it, Neither / nor/ no more did I.

②作连词,表示“既不……也不……”。

Neither French nor German do I know.

Neither no Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.

注:当neither … nor 连接两个主语时,句子不用倒装。

Neither you nor I like this book.

三、形式倒装

A、简单句

1、感叹倒装:what/ how 引导的感叹句,将表语、宾语或状语前置。

How beautiful the building is!

What a fool I am!

B、复合句

1、as引导的让步状语从句的倒装。

(1)形容词+ as + 主语+ 系动词。

(2)副词+ as + 主语+ 动词。

(3)词原形+ as + 主语+ may / might / would。

(4)名词+ as + 主语+ 动词+ 系动词。名词前不可加冠词。

Much as I like you, I will not marry you.

Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.

Child as he is , he knows something of electricity.

Busy as he is, he often helps me with my English.

2、though 引导的让步状语从句:though 置于句首以正常顺序出现,如果倒装与as倒装形式相同。

Clever though he is ,he knows little .

Much though I admire her, I cannot excuse her faults.

Fail though I did , I would not abandon my goal.

3、that 引导的让步状语从句:用法与as 相似。

(1)句词+ that + 主语+ 系动词,句词前不加冠词。

( 2 ) 形容词+ that + 主语+ 系动词。

Fool that he was, he managed to evade his pursuers.

Child that he was, he know what was the right thing to do.

Poor that they were, they gave money to charity.

4、However, no matter how等引导让步状语从句,把形容词或副词提前。

However hard he tries, he won’t win.

No matter how difficult the job is, I’ll try to finish it on time.

5、the+比较级,the+比较级,

The harder he works, the greater progress he’ll make.

The sooner you give up smoking, the heal their you ’ ll become.

6、将句型prefer to do A rather than do B中的rather than do B放在句首,从而构成特殊倒装句型。

Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.

试题集锦

1. of it, for it happened long time ago.

A. Little thought I

B. Little have I thought

C. I little have thought

D. Did little I think

2. Scarcely out of the house I heard a shot within.

A. I had stepped; then

B. did I step; than

C. have I stepped; when

D. had I stepped; when

3. Hearing the cat mewing, off .

A. fled all the mice

B. fleeing all the mice

C. away fled the mice

D. all the mice fled away

4. , she has seen much of the world.

A. Young as she is

B. As she is young

C. Young as is she

D. Though young she is

5. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, .

A. do I

B. don’t I

C. will they

D. won’t they

6. Not until a baby kangaroo is four months old to live outside its mother’s porch.

A. it begins

B. doesn’t it begin

C. and begins

D. does it begin

7. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother to swim.

A. how will it learn

B. will it learn how

C. it will learn how

D. and it learns how

8. that he didn’t notice his mother came in.

A. He was very interested in the program

B. So was he interested in the program

C. As he was interested in the program

D. So interested was he in the program

9. are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil.

A. Gone

B. Go

C. To go

D. Going

10. If Bob’s wife doesn’t agree to sign the papers, .

A. neither he will

B. neither won’t he

C. neither will be

D. he will, either

11. Not only polluted but crowded.

A. was the city; were the streets

B. the city was; were the streets

C. was the city; the streets were

D. the city was; the streets were

12. The door was forced o[en and , shouting with anger.

A. in rushed the crowd

B. rushed in the crowd

C. the crowd in rushed

D. in the crowd rushed

13. , I wouldn’t have make such a mistake.

A. If I followed your advice

B. Were I to follow your advice

C. Had I followed your advice

D. I had followed your advice.

14. Nowhere else in the world kangaroos Australia.

A. there are; besides

B. are there; except

C. are there; besides

D. are there; except for

15. Catherine is a beautiful girl and she likes dancing very much, .

A. so is Mary

B. so does Mary

C. so Mary does

D. so it is with Mary

[参考答案]

1、

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