英语写作基本常识
一、写好句子：
（一）熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4)句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。（二）一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。
（三）句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
二、组句成文：
一般说来，文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。
1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。例如：
并列关系：and, as well as, also…
递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
转折关系：but, yet, however, although,
otherwise, or, in spite of,
despite, instead of…
时间顺序：while, when, soon，after, bef
ore, afterward, finally, first,
then, next, as soon as …
比较、对比：like, unlike,on the contrary,
on the other hand…
总结：in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally
speaking…
进一步阐述：in other words, that is to
say, for example, for instance,
such as…
因果关系：as a result,so,thus,therefore…
2) 明确表达文章主题，内容要点全面，不要节外生枝。
3) 要点安排得当，使之文通字顺，合乎逻辑,
层次清晰。
4) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯，应重点检查：
a, 要点有无遗漏；
b. 句法、词法有没有问题；
c. 单词拼写有无错误；
d. 大小写、标点符号有无问题；
e. 字数是否在题目要求范围之内。
二、英语写作
1．句式要有变化
①复杂句、并列句：
②倒装句：（1）虚拟语气中if省略；（2）o nly+状语置于句首（3）否定词置于句首（4）地点副词置于句首
③强调句型：It is ……that (who)…
④非谓语动词：
⑤虚拟语气：
⑥固定句型结构：too…to…so…that…such a…that…not only…but also…neither…nor…such as…not …until…so that…either…or…
⑦直接引语与间接引语
⑧多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构
2．要使用等级词汇及短语
①使用等级词汇②使用短语③使用
谚语④使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth;
the very; on earth等
⑤使用修辞手法:明喻，暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等：as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat.
3. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成。
1）用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过
渡词有：
above before me here on the left acros
s below in the distance on the right
beyond nearby opposite to over al
so further next to on top of up down c lose to beneath under around ne
ar to along
2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词
和过渡词有：
soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,
this morning /year, now, after, at p resent, later, afterwards finally, at las t, all of a sudden , at noon ,
in the morning/afternoon/evening
3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和
过渡词有：
first, second, etc. now for this purpose but as a result furthermore finally at last moreover also theref ore likewise another for example ne
xt yet 、for instance on the contra ry once in addition in summary such in this case on the other hand then otherwise i n conclusion thus in closin
g
4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和
过渡词有：
another moreover in addition (to)
equally important too, also at t he same time
besides then in the same w ay
in fact like, similarly 5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和
过渡词有：
on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despi te in spite of yet, but unlike nevertheless not only…but also here…there this…that years ago…today the former…the latter then…now
the first…whereas the second some…o thers one…the other once…now on t
he one hand…on the other hand(一方面…
另一方面)
6)逻辑关系：
递进: then(然后)，besides(还有)，furth ermore(而且)，moreover(此外)
转折: however(然而)，but(但是)，on the country(相反)，after all(毕竟)
总结: finally(最后)，at last(最后)，in brief(总之)，
in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实)，certainly(一定)，surely(确定)，above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地)，
just as(正如)，on the one hand…on the other hand
三、书面表达常用句型及短语
1、学校生活及学习成绩
1)I’m getting on well with one’s study.
2)take several courses at school
3) have English (Chinese, Physics…)
every (other )day
4)work hard at …
5)put one’s heart into…
6)be interested in …
7)be fond of
8)like chemistry best
9)be tired of …
10)be good at /be poor at /do well in
/be weak in /make progress in
fail in /pass the examination;
11) He has the best record in school.
他的成绩最棒。
12)(English is) more interesting to sb.
13)learn about;
14)succeed in…;
15)be active in class (work);
16)take an active part in …;
17)work out a (maths) problem;
18)get 90 marks for (English); get an “A”in the exam;
19)won the first prize/ got the first p lace in the competition
20)the first/top three winners(前三名) 2、师生关系：
1)get on well with sb;
2)like to be with students;
3)be gentle with us;
4)be kind to sb;
5)be a strict teacher;
be strict with one’s pupils;
be strict in work
6)be satisfied with …
7)We think of him (her) as …;
8)help sb with sth;
9)praise sb for sth …
blame sb for sth.
10)give advice on …;
11)make one’s lessons lively and
interesting;
12)teach sb. sth.;
teach sb to do sth.
3、课余活动及周末生活：
1)spend one’s time in many different
ways;
2)enjoy doing things by oneself;
3)go swimming/fishing/shopping…
4)go for an outing/ a picnic;
have an outing at (the seashore);
5)see the sights of Beijing;
6)play the piano (violin);
play chess (basketball);
7)have a swim;
have dances on weekends;
have a picnic over the weekend;
go to the cinema;
8)have a party;
9)hold a sports meeting;
10)do some reading;
11)help sb do sth;
12)enjoy a family trip;
13)get everything ready for;
14)ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);
15)There are a lot of activities at
(the beach).
16)We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.
17)She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.
18)It was a very relaxing Sunday.
19)There are good programmes on TV
on weekends.
20)Enjoy myself/ourselves;
have a wonderful time
4、彼此沟通信息：
1)take a message for sb;
2)send a message to sb;
3)hear from sb;
4)talk about/of(谈到/说到) sth;
5)tell/ask sb to do sth;
get information about…; express one’s idea (feelings) in English; Write sb a letter saying…apologize to sb for …; m ake a speech t at the meeting;
6)thank you for …; explain sth to sb; look upon sb as …think sb to be …; ta ke sb’s side
5、事件中人的态度：
1）would like to do;
allow sb to do; force sb to do; call on sb to do;
2）feel like doing;insist on doing; drive sb. off;
speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb;
think highly of sb;
3）be afraid to do (be afraid of …)；offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do offer to do, refuse to do;
agree to do; prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do/ not do ; regret doing; would rather (not) do.
4）keep sb from doing
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing);
6、事情过程:
have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing; make up one’s mind to d o; prepare sb/oneself for …;
1）give up doing…; do sth as usual; sb is prepared for/to dodo what he wants
us to do;set about doing;/set out to do
2）try/do one’s best to do…go all out to do; get into trouble;
help sb out; do one’s bit f or the cou ntry ; do some good deeds to people;
3）wait for sb to do;
find a way to do;
4）make friends with sb;
5）show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …; pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…; ca n’t help doing…; be prepared for more hard work;
Some are (doing sth.A), others are (doin g sth.B), and still others are doing (s th C)
7、感观活动与思维活动:
look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;take a look a t …; hear sb do (doing); take n otice of …;take view of …; have a good understanding of …;
consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;realize that …; know