2004年华东师大博士生英语入学试卷
考1）本考卷共包括九大项，共 19 页。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。
试 2）试卷中 Paper One 各项答案按相应题号一律用铅笔划线填入答题卡。
须 3）Paper Two 各项用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。
知
Paper One
Part I. Listening Comprehension ( 15 % )
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which one is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the center.
Example: Y ou will hear:
M: Is it possible for you to work late? Miss Grey?
W: Work late? I suppose so, if you really think it is necessary.
Q: Where do you think this conversation most probably took place?
Y ou will read:
A. At the office.
B. In the waiting room.
C. At the airport.
D. In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore a) At the office is the best answer. Y ou should choose answer a. on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a pencil.
1. A. The man better practice harder.
B. The man should not give up.
C. The man should stop trying to be a superstar.
D. The man better practice a new style.
2. A. Help the woman but only unwillingly.
B. Not help move items for the woman.
C. Help move things to Mr. Nelson’s office.
D. Cancel his appointment at Mr. Nelson’s office.
3. A. They are on a date.
B. They are at a harmonious meeting.
C. They are at a meeting with a controversy.
D. They are late to the meeting.
4. A. Ask for more money from the student loan.
B. Find a job to earn some money.
C. Be more realistic with his money.
D. Stop worrying about his money.
5. A. See both of them one after another.
B. Phone the theater for opinion.
C. Toss a coin to decide.
D. Go somewhere else instead.
6. A. V olunteering needs special skills.
B. V olunteering needs physical work.
C. V olunteering requires a time commitment.
D. V olunteering requires a financial commitment.
7. A. Dorms are not as cheap as he thinks.
B. Dorms are not as spacious as he thinks.
C. Dorms are not as available as he thinks.
D. Dorms are not as convenient as he thinks.
8. A. The amount of paper he used might be worth the cost.
B. It will be a good lesson for him to study harder.
C. The amount of effort he made will become useful.
D. The preparation of the paper should be finished soon.
9. A. Sleeping early is good for oneself.
B. Rising early takes time to become easy.
C. Jogging is difficult to be routine.
D. Walking in the park is not as easy as it seems.
10. A. It is sure to be ready on Thursday.
B. It is still not ready.
C. It was already ready on Thursday.
D. It was too difficult to fix it.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A. His friend bought them for him.
B. He bought them himself.
C. He booked them quite a while ago.
D. He got them free of charge.
12. A. Her husband was taking her out to the theater.
B. Her husband had got her a job in his office.
C. Her husband was going to buy her some nice gifts.
D. Her husband had found his lost money.
13. A. He had lost the tickets for the theater.
B. He had lost his briefcase.
C. He had left his briefcase at home.
D. He had left the tickets in the office.
Passage T wo
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A. Lack of electricity.
B. Shortage of books.
C. Lack of clean water.
D. Shortage of experts
15. A. A system which trains doctors.
B. A group of experts who can provide professional advice.
C. A computer program which can provide professional advice.
D. A system which trains computer experts.
16. A. It is not easy to see the shortage of experts in the villages.
B. Many doctors and engineers are sent to the villages to make up for the shortage of experts.
C. Expert medical systems are widely used in developing countries.
D. Expert systems are owned by wealthy farmers and businessmen.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A. The designer of the White House.
B. The first resident of the White House.
C. One of the U.S. presidents.
D. A specialist of American history.
18. A. To add to the beauty of the building.
B. To follow the original design.
C. To wipe out the stains left behind by the war.
D. To make the building look more comfortable.
19. A. Right after it was rebuilt.
B. During the administration of John Adams.
C. When Theodore Roosevelt was president.
D. After many other names had been given to it.
20. A. It has been changed several times.
B. It has never been changed.
C. It was changed after the War of 1812.
D. It was changed during Roosevelt’s presidency.
II. V ocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions:Below each sentence, there ar e four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or that is closest in meaning to the
underlined wor d in the sentence Write the corresponding letter on your Answer
Sheet.
21. After doing her usual morning chores, Elisha found herself ___ tired.
A. interestingly
B. surprisingly
C. erratically
D. forcibly
22. Working frantically under the pressure of time, Edmond failed to notice his ___ mistakes.
A. stupid
B. inevitable
C. careless
D. redundant
23. The ___ objections of those who protested against the ruling finally got them thrown out
of the stadium.
A. viral
B. vulnerable
C. voluble
D. vocal
24. In the feudal society, landlords had the right to beat, ___ or even kill talents at will.
A. abase
B. abash
C. abate
D. abuse
25. All the colleagues said that the caprices of the willful manager had made him a ___ person.
A. candid
B. captious
C. canny
D. coy
26. It was all right for the school administration not to ___ to the students' demand of canceling the terminal examinations.
A. accept
B. accede
C. access
D. accessory
27. In 1921 many people died in famine --- an extreme scarcity or ___ of food. That was really
a tragedy.
A. deprivation
B. exhaustion
C. starvation
D. dearth
28. The world will be advancing with such great speed that our ___ will look back upon us and our time with a sense of superiority.
A. antecedents
B. predecessors
C. descendants
D. contemporaries
29. Before taking a standardized test, one should ___ himself or herself with all the items that constitute the test paper.
A. acquaint
B. fascinate
C. acquit
D. familiar
30. Tom is always lack of self-confidence. His ___ character caused him to miss many golden
opportunities.
A. diffident
B. ignorant
C. proud
D. conceited
31. It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for
a ___ next month.
A. symphony
B. symposium
C. symptom
D. symmetry
32. Manfred ___ with sure that nine out of ten gentlemen who danced with this charming young lady would fall in love with her.
A. allude
B. adduce
C. averred
D. advert
33. During the terrorist attacks, the authorities ordered to ___ the workers and residents of
high profile buildings from the constructions.
A. evict
B. evoke
C. evacuate
D. evade
34. Johnson's business survived on a ___ relationship with only a few customers.
A. tentative
B. salient
C. lucrative
D. insubstantial
35. After her marriage, the happy life ___ her appearance, making her look more beautiful
than ever.
A. transfigured
B. disfigured
C. disheveled
D. transformed
36. Although Guthman was a ___ of several campaigns, he had never seen action on the front
lines.
A. veteran
B. volunteer
C. victim
D. villain
37. The cheerful, lively melody of dance music ___ almost all the weary soldiers.
A. drained
B. diverted
C. renewed
D. revived
38. From Willink's ___ manner, people can tell that he is of royal birth.
A. boorish
B. regal
C. rude
D. vulgar
39. Since it was held up only by a single steel cable, the chairlift was ___ to carry only two
people
A. instructed
B. obliged
C. intended
D. appointed
40. 130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute ___ to the Revolution of Paris
Commune in 1873.
A. testimony
B. memory
C. tribute
D. evidence
41.From his words I supposed that he was extremely delighted at your invitation.
A. apprehended
B. conceded
C. envision
D. surmised
42. As is reported, over seventy civilians lost their lives in the following explosion.
A. ensuing
B. engrossing
C. enduring
D. entangling
43. After living in the same dormitory for half a year, Jane realized that Mary's oversen-
sitivity was not acquired but inherent.
A. insipid
B. inordinate
C. innate
D. insane
44. As a highly intelligent person, the diplomat had no difficulty searching for the right words
to retort.
A. asking
B. groping
C. finding
D. grouching
45. The service at this restaurant was so slow that when the dishes were finally served we were
extremely hungry.
A. ruthless
B. ravenous
C. rash
D. reckless
46. He is my devoted friend, so I ___ tell him the truth.
A. cannot help
B. cannot but
C. may not help
D. could but
47. No administrator or supervisor can enter a classroom unless ___ by the teacher.
A. they are invited
B. he is invited
C. inviting
D. having being invited
48. I'd just as soon he ___ the party yesterday; he made a mess of it.
A. didn't attend
B. attended
C. had attended
D. hadn't attended
49. ___ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of an oral English test at the
end of the term.
A. It is existed
B. There having existed
C. There exists
D. There having been
50. ___ Jenny lives next door to Robert, she ought to know him.
A. If
B. Seeing that
C. Although
D. Just as
III. Error Detection (5%)
Directions:There ar e four underlined wor ds or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorr ect, and write the
corr esponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
51. Learning a foreign Language is especially difficult for those who had never learned one
A B C D
before.
52. The main stream of a river frequently is dividing into two or more branches near its mouth.
A B C D
53. For activating the fossilization in English learning, I practice reading, listening, speaking
A B C
and writing as regularly as possible
D
54. Little Jimmy was constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the bedroom wall, but
A B
he went on to do it all the same.
C D
55. It's a simple matter to have found the density of a gas from its formula.
A B C D
56. Upon questioning the suspect denied having stolen diamonds from the jewelry shop.
A B C D
57. Some of the research experiments to describe in the text book are easy to carry out.
A B C D
58. Quantum physics lies at a heart of the physical sciences.
A BC D
59. Despite their length, the horse's neck has the same number of vertebrae as a human
A B C D
being's.
60. Night falls more faster in the tropics than in other latitudes.
A B C D
IV. Reading Comprehension (25%)
Directions:Read the following five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question fr om the four choices given, and then write the corresponding letter
on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
In Japan, some people play golf on weekends and some form long lines in the Ginza district to watch first-run foreign films. A knowing few go to the barbershop.
A trip to a Japanese barbershop is an odyssey into the country's economic miracle, a glimpse at the same attention to detail that has made "Japan Inc." the envy of the capitalist world.
It is more than simply getting a haircut. Customers go to escape the hustle and bustle of Tokyo's frenetic pace. They go to complain about local politics and catch up on the latest neighborhood scuttlebutt.
But most of all, they go to be cranked up high in the barber's chair, to assume for at lest one precious moment – regardless of their walk of life---that honorific stature uniquely revered in Japan: that of okyakusama, or customer.
So going to the barbershop here is an outing . The object is not to get it over with as quickly as possible, American-style, but to prolong the treatment and bask in its sensual pleasures.
No one understands this better than Tanaka-san, who runs a state-of-the-art barbershop just up the street from where I live, in the Minami Azabu district. Like much else in Japan, Mr. Tankaka's shop has only recently gone upscale.
Last year, he sold his small, old shop, located a few blocks from the new one, for a cool $15.3 million. With typical Japanese foresight for investing for the long pull, Mr. Tanaka plowed the
proceeds into his spanking new premises.
Mr. Tanaka, 54, has been in the barbering business for 38 years. Back in 1950, he charged only 35 yen --- not much compared with the 3,200 yen he receives today for a cut and shampoo. At today's exchange rates, $22 for a haircut might seem expensive, but I think it's one of the best deals in town.
Y ou always have to wait in line at Mr. Tanaka's shop : He doesn't take reservations because he doesn't need to. But when your time comes, Mr. Tanaka directs you to the seat of honor.
Soon his wife is feverishly shampooing your hair, massaging your scalp with a special brush. While she scrubs, Mr. Tanaka is busy at the next chair, applying the finishing snips and snaps to another client. This tag-team approach keeps the shop running at full capacity.
Mr. Tanaka typically spends about 45 minutes cutting your hair, scrutinizing the symmetry of the sideburns with the utmost care. His cutting skills are superb, but it is in conversation that he truly excels. He knows when to talk, when to listen and when to utter the drawn-out guttural grunt of approval so common in Japanese. These insightful yet subtle dialogues with his clients create the cornerstone of Mr.Tanaka's thriving business: the repeat customer, every retailer's dream.
For the rare client not "hooked" by pleasant conversation , Mrs. Tanaka's shaving technique, with a straight-edged razor, is the showstopper. First, she places a hot towel over your face, then wipes your face with moisturizing oil.
She applies another hot towel to remove the oil and lathers you up with warm shaving cream. Finally, she methodically spends fifteen minutes shaving off every last whisker---including any stray hairs that might have found their way to your forehead or earlobes. The oil and hot-towel procedure is repeated and the reclining customer is gently coaxed into returning to earth.
Foreign businessmen trying to figure our what makes Japan's economy so successful might do well to visit a Japanese barbershop. Impeccable service isn't extra here, it's included the price of admission.
61. An attention to detail has made "Japan Inc."
A. a good place for tourists
B. a land of many barbershops
C. a prosperous economic power
D. a famous resort
62. In Japanese barbershops, barbers
A. rush customers out
B. never talk about politics
C. talk with customers and work leisurely
D. are rather impatient with customers
63. Relaxation and sensual pleasure are
A. admitted goals of customers
B. not possible in the busy atmosphere
C. not appreciated by hurried customers
D. not available to customers
64. Because Mr. Tanaka's shop is s popular,
A. reservations are required
B. people wait in line
C. he is opening another new store
D. he becomes famous for that
65. Not only is Mr. Tanaka a good barber, but he is also
A. skilled at conversation
B. an expert in shaving techniques
C. a local politician
D. a psychologist
Passage T wo
Mincerva was the goddess of wisdom, but on one occasion she did a very foolish thing; she entered into competition with Juno and V enus for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials of Peleus and Theetis all the gods were invited with the exception of Eris, or Discord. Enraged at her exclusion, the goddess threw a golden apple among the guests, with the inscription (题词), "For the fairest." Thereupon Juno, V enus, and Minerva each claimed the apple. Jupiter, not willing to decide in so delicate a matter, sent the goddesses to Mount Ida, where the beautiful shepherd Paris was tending his flocks, and to him was committed the decision. The goddesses accordingly appeared before him. Juno promised him power and riches, Minerva glory and renown in war, and V enus the fairest of women his wife, each attempting to bias his decision in her own favor. Paris decided in favour of V enus and gave her the golden apple, thus making the two other goddesses his enemies. Under the protection of V enus, Paris sailed to Greece, and was hospitably received by Menelaus. king of Sparta. Now Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was the very woman whom V enus had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had been sought as a bride by numerous suitors, and before her decision was made known, they all, at the suggestion of Ulysses, one of their number, took an oath that they would defend her from all injury and avenge her cause if necessary. She chose Menelaus, and was living with him happily when Paris became their guest . Paris aided by V enus, persuaded her to elope （私奔）with him, and carried her to Troy, whence arose the famous Trojan war, the theme of the greatest poems of antiquity, those of Homer and Virgil.
Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains（首领）of Greece to fulfill their pledge, and join him in his efforts to recover his wife. They generally came forward, but Ulysses, who had married Penelope, and was very happy in his wife and child, had no disposition to embark in such a troublesome affair. He therefore hung back and Palamedes was sent to urge him. When Palamedes arrived at Ithaca Ulysses pretended to be mad. He yoked （用牛轭套住）an ass and an ox together to the plough and began to sow salt. Palamedes, to try him, placed the infant Telemachus before the plough, whereupon the father turned the plough aside, showing plainly that he was no madman, and after that could no longer refuse to fulfill his promise. Being now himself gained for the undertaking, he lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chiefs, especially Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whose marriage the apple of Discord had been thrown among the goddesses. Thetis was herself one of the immortals, a sea-nymph (海仙女), and knowing that her son was fated to perish before Troy if he went on the expedition, she endeavoured to prevent his going . She sent him away to the court of King Lycomedes, and induced him to conceal himself in the disguise of a maiden
among the daughters of the king. Ulysses, hearing he was there, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale female ornaments, among which he had placed some arms. While the king's daughters were engrossed with the other contents of the merchant' s pack, Achilles handled the weapons and thereby betrayed himself to the keen eye of Ulysses, who found no great difficulty in persuading him to disregard his mother's prudent counsels and join his countrymen in the war.
66. Bulfinch describes Jupiter as u nwilling to “decide in so delicate a matter” (lines 6), implying
that
A. Jupiter is usually heavy-handed
B. any decision is bound to offend someone
C. Jupiter to overly sensitive.
D. the problems are so obscure that no one can judge them.
67. The word disposition (line 22) is used to mean
A. inclination
B. nature
C. integrity
D. value
68. The sowing of salt is used by Bulfinch to show
A. Ulysses's attempt to be found insane
B. the difficulty of cultivating in rocky soil
C. how the tears of the gods created the sea
D. the god's punishment of those who disobey them
69. Bulfinch reveals that Thetis is a sea-nymphy in order to explain
A. why she married Peleus
B. why she dislikes the idea of war
C. the effect of the apple of Discord
D. her ability to predict the future
70.. Among the chieftains of Greece apparently are
A. Juno, V enus, and Minerva
B. Paris and Lycomedes
C. Ulysses, Achilles, and Menelaus
D. Eris and Thetis
Passage Three
On the whole, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has always treated Mars with respect. American spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on the Red Planet. What they've never done is wound it. If scientists ever hope to understand Mars fully, however, they are going to have to puncture the dry Martian crust to sample the planetary pulp below. Next week NASA will launch a ship that will begin that process.
The first ship of the two-spacecraft mission --- set to fly Dec. 10---is the Mars Climate Orbiter.
Arriving in September 1999, the spacecraft will enter an orbit of the planet that traces a path over the Martian poles, allowing it to study the local atmosphere. Its orbit will position it perfectly to act as a relay satellite for a ny later ship that may land on the surface. That’s a good thing, since three weeks or so after the orbiter leaves Earth, NAS will launch another spacecraft, the more ambitious Mars Polar Lander.
A spindly machine standing 107 cm tall, the lander is set to arrive in December 1999, aiming to touch down near Mars’ south pole, one of the few sports on the freeze-dried planet that is likely to contain some water. Just before reaching the Martian atmosphere, the lander will release a pairs of tapered pods(锥形分离舱) , each about the size of a basketball, made of brittle silica. Plunging ahead of the ship , the projectiles will free-fall to the surface and strike the ground at 650 km/h.
The pods are designed to shatter on impact, releasing a pair of 18-cm probes. Slamming into the surface, the probes are supposed to drive themselves 120 cm into the Martian crust. Once buried, they will deploy tiny drills and begin sampling the chemical makeup of the soil around them. Scientists believe that chemistry could be remarkably rich. "The surface of Mars has been pretty well sterilized(消毒) by ultraviolet radiation," says Sam Thurman, the missions flight-operations manager.
Only minutes after the probes hit the ground, the lander will follow, descending by parachute and braking engine. Bristling with cameras and sensors, it will study Mars' terrain and weather, snapping pictures both during its descent and on the surface. It will also carry a microphone to record for the first time the sound of the Martain wind. More important, the ship will be equipped with a robotic arm and scoop , much like the arms carried aboard the Viking landers in the 1970s. Unlike the Vikings, though, which were able to paw just a few feeble cm into the Martian topsoil, the new ship will dig out a trench nearly 90 cm deep.
How long all this otherworldly hardware will operate is uncertain. The probes, powered by batteries, should wink out within three days. The lander, with robust solar panels to keep it humming, could last three months. But even if the systems do not survive that long, their work could be profound. After all, scientists have spent years studying just the Martian skin; this will be their first chance to dig a little deeper.
71. We learn from the first paragraph that, in order to have a thorough knowledge of Mars, we
need ___.
A. to treat Mars with more respect than ever
B. to have more spacecraft orbit the Red Planet
C. to protect the Red Planet more carefully and not to wound it
D. to penetrate the crust of the Red Planet to take Martian samples
72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The spacecraft that is to arrive in September 1999 contains a pair of tapered pods.
B. Mars Polar Lander will carry out more important missions than Mars Climate Orbiter.
C. The difference between V iking landers and Mars Polar Lander is that the former was unable
to land on Mars.
D. The mission of Mars Climate Orbiter is to study the local atmosphere and Mars terrain,
snapping pictures both during its descent and on the surface.
73. The primary purpose of the passage is to ___.
A. stress the importance of exploring Mars
B. outline the general features of Mars
C. describe in detail the way of landing of Mars Polar Lander
D. introduce the mission of the two spacecraft which are due to launch in 1999.
74. We learn from the passage that ___.
A. Mars Climate Orbiter will serve as a space base for any later ship that may land on the
surface of Mars
B. Mars' south pole is more likely to contain life because it contains water
C. Mars Polar Lander will strike the surface of Mars at 650 km/h
D. the chemical makeup of the soil on the surface of Mars will be similar to that of the earth
75. From the context, we can infer the meaning of "bristling" (line 2, para. 4 ) may be ___.
A. abundant in
B. sending out
C. reacting
D. taking up
Passage Four
An outsider approaches the subject lively, lest civic(市民的；城市的) feelings be bruised. Los Angeles gives the impression of having erased much of its history by allowing the city's development to run unchecked. Insiders like Dolores Hayden...pull no punches: "It https://www.doczj.com/doc/c010557721.html,mon," she wrote, "for fond residents to quote Gertrude Stein's sentence about Oakland when summing up urban design in Los Angeles: "There's no there, there.'" Hayden has also acknowledged that Los Angles is generally "the first (American city) singled out as having a problem about sense of place." Both statements come from a handsome brochure-cum-itinerary, drawn up by Hayden, Gail Dubrow, and Carolyn Flynn to introduce The Power of Place, a local nonprofit group with a mission to retrieve some of the city's misplaced" there."
Founded by Hayden in 1982, The Power of Place lays special emphasis on redressing an imbalance in memory---and memorials. As Hayden has pointed out, in 1987 less than half the population of Los Angeles was Anglo-American; yet almost 98 percent of the city's cultural historic landmarks were devoted to the history and accomplishments of Anglo-Americans. Even these personages(名人，要人) come from a narrow spectrum of achievers---in Hayden's phrase, "a small minority of landholders, bankers, business leaders, and their architects" ----almost all of whom were male...
The likeliest explanation for this under-representation may be an urban variation on the
great-man theory of history: History is what public figures do, and by their civic monuments shall you know them ---especially the structures they designed or built. In Hayden's view, however, "The task of choosing a past for Los Angeles is a political as well as historic and cultural one, " and the unexamined preference for architecture as the focus of historic preservation efforts can slight less conscious but perhaps equally powerful human forces. Hayden's goal has been to supplement the city's ample supply of mono-cultural landmarks and memorials with others representing its ethnic and gender-based diversity. Accordingly, some sites need new status as official land-marks, others need reinterpretation. Other sites no longer contain structures emblematic(作为标志的) of their histories or are located in blighted neighborhoods; these do not readily lend themselves to
resuscitation (复兴)through renovation and commercial development , as preservationists have managed elsewhere.
The Power of Place has identified nine places on which to concentrate in the first phase of its work: development of a walking tour of little-known Los Angeles sites, for which The Power of Place brochure serves as a guide.
The Power of Place brochure concludes its summary of what is known about each stop on the walking tour with a postscript（附言）called Placemaking, which describes the site's current status and suggests ways to make it more smelling of its past. For the vineyard/grove complex, the current situation is not unusual: "Present uses...are commercial and industrial." Then comes word of what seems to be a minor miracle: "One tall slender grapefruit free...has been preserved and relocated in the courtyard of the Japanese American Cultural and Community Center..." Suggestions for recapturing more of the past proposed by The Power of Place include returning orange trees to the Wolfskill site and installing historical markets on the Vignes site.
76. The author uses the phrase "civic feelings" (line 1 ) to mean the
A. loyalty or faith of a city's residents to their city
B. emotions that breed courtesy and good behavior
C. respect for each other shown by people who think of themselves as civilized
D. defensiveness that city residents sometimes.
77. What is the danger of allowing the development of Los Angeles to "run unchecked"? (line 3 )
A. The roadways will become overrun with traffic.
B. Developers will use up all suitable farming land.
C. Smog will become an even bigger environmental concern.
D. Much of the city's cultural history will be lost to modernization.
78. With which of the following statements about the people memorialized by most existing Los
Angeles monuments would Dolores Hayden be most likely to agree?
I. They were usually of a higher social class than were the people highlighted by The Power
of Place
II. Their accomplishments are more conspicuous than are those of the people highlighted by
The Power of Place.
III. They made greater contributions to the economic development of Los Angeles than did the people highlighted by The Power of Place.
A. I only
B. I, II, and III
C. I and III
D. I and II
79. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Hayden's view on historic
preservation, as those views are described in the passage?
A. Political and economic considerations should have no place in the designation of cultural
and historic landmarks
B. Plants and other natural phenomena make better historic landmarks than do buildings and
other human artistic works.
C. Some parts of history cannot be memorialized in surviving buildings and landmarks, so
new ways must be found to more fully recapture the past.
D. The homes and workplaces of working people should be preserved whenever possible
because the history of working people is more important than that of so-called "great
men."
80. In the author's view, all of the following would most likely be undervalued cultural landmarks
EXCEPT:
A. trees growing naturally in this place
B. endangered species of animal and plant life
C. historic buildings in old and torn areas
D. city hall
Passage Five
Compared to animals, plants present unique problems in demographic studies. The idea of counting living individuals becomes difficult given perennials that reproduce vegetatively by sending out runners or rhizomes, by splitting at the stem base, or by producing arching canes that take root where they touch the ground. In these ways some individuals, given sufficient time, can extend out over a vast area.
There are five typical plant life spans, and each has a basic associated life form. Annual plants live for 1 year or less. Their average life span is 1-8 months, depending on the species and on the environment where they are located (the same desert plant may complete its life cycle in 8 months one year, and in 1 month the next, depending on the amount of rain it receives). Annuals with extremely short life cycles are classified as ephemeral plants. An example of an ephemeral is Boerrhaviarepens of the Sahara Desert, which can go from seed to seed in just 10 days. Annuals are herbaceous, which means that they lack a secondary meristem that produces lateral, woody tissue. They complete their life cycle after seed production for several reasons: nutrient depletion, hormone changes, or inability of nonwoody tissue to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions following the growing season. A few species can persist for more than a year in uncommonly favorable conditions.
Biennial plants are also herbaceous, but usually live for 2 years. Their first year is spent in vegetative growth, which generally takes place more below ground than above. Reproduction occurs in the second year, and this is followed by the completion of the life cycle. Under poor growing conditions, or by experimental manipulation, the vegetative stage can be drawn out for more than 1 year.
Herbaceous perennials typically live for 20-30years, although some species have been known to live for 400-800 years. These plants die back to the root system and root crown at the end of each growing season. The root system becomes woody, but the above-ground system is herbaceous. They have a juvenile, vegetative stage for the first 2-8 years, then bloom and reproduce yearly. Sometimes they bloom only once at the conclusion of their life cycle. Because herbaceous perennials have no growth rings, it is difficult to age them. Methods that have been used to age them include counting leaf scars or estimating the rate of spread in tussock (clumped) forms.
Suffrutescent shrubs (hemixyles) fall somewhere between herbaceous perennials and true shrubs. They develop perennial, woody tissue only near the base of their stems; the rest of the shoots
system is herbaceous and dies back each year. They are small, and are short-lived compared to true shrubs.
Woody perennials (trees and shrubs) have the longest life spans. Shrubs live on the average 30-50 years. Broadleaf trees (angiosperm) average 200-300 years, and conifer (needles) trees average 500-1000 years. Woody perennials spend approximately the first 10% of their life span in a juvenile, totally vegetative state before they enter a combined reproductive and vegetative state, achieving a peak of reproduction several years before the conclusion of their life cycle.
Regardless of the life span, annual or perennial, one can identify about eight important age states in an individual plant or population. They are: (1) viable seed, (2) seedling, (3) juvenile, (4) immature, (5) mature, (6) initial reproductive, (7) maximum vigor (reproductive and vegetative), and (8) senescent. If a population shows all eight states, it is stable and is most likely a part of a climax community. If it shows only the last four states, it may not maintain itself and may be part of a seral community.
81. The author believes that plants present "unique problems in demographic studies" (line 1)
because ________.
A. they cannot be aged accurately
B. it is difficult to define and identify an individual
C. many have very short lifespans
D. there has been little interest in such studies
82. The best definition of ephemeral (line 5 ) might be
A. resilient
B. short-lived
C. awkward
D. uncomplicated
83. Annual and perennial are names of
A. plant life spans
B. plant species
C. woody plants
D. plant age states
84. Paragraph 5 deals mainly with
A. suffrutescent shrubs
B. a form of tree shrub
C. a form of herbaceous perennial
D. a woody biennial
85. Which of the following is a woody perennial?
A. a tulip
B. a fern
C. a strawberry
D. an oak
V. Translation(25%)
A. There is a short English paragraph below. Y ou are required to translate it into
Chinese on the Answ er Sheet. (11%)
In the eighteenth century the word "revolution" came to have a new meaning. Traditionally it meant only a change in the composition of government and not necessarily a violent one. Observers could speak of a "revolution" occurring at a particular court when one minister replaced another. After 1789 this changed. People came to see that year as the beginning of a new sort of revolution, a real rupture with the past, characterized by violence, by limitless possibilities for fundamental change, social, political and economic, and began to think, too, that this new phenomenon might transcend national boundaries and have something universal and general about it. Even those who disagreed very much about the desirability of such a revolution could none the less agree that this new sort of revolution existed and that it was fundamental to the politics of their age.
It would be misleading to seek to group all the political changes of this period under the rubric of "revolution" conceived in such terms as these . But we can usefully speak of an "age of revolution" for two reasons.
B. Translate the following Chinese paragraph into English on the Answ er Sheet.(14%)
当今，人们心中存在的末日感并不是出于对科学的恐惧，而是对战争的恐怕。科学并不是引发战争的原因，科学并未制造过战争，但它却使战争变得面目全非。科学扩大了战争的机制，并扭曲了战争的形态。它从两个方面改变了战争。首先，科学显然成倍地增强了战争制造者的威力。现代武器与过去相比，杀伤力更强，手段更残忍。其次，科学为国家之间发生纷争提供了新的起因。科学创造了剩余财富(surplus)，而战争正是靠这种剩余财富扩大升级（escalate) 。剩余财富不仅是某些国家孜孜以求的目标，而且也使他们能抽出时间进行军事训练，并向他们提供财力为战争进行装备。
VI. Writing（15%）
Please write a composition of about 200 words in English with the title given below: Lessons learned from Such Plagues as SARS & AI
Answer Sheet
Paper Two
准考证号码__________________姓名_________ 成绩______
V. Translation
A. Chinese V ersion
B. English V ersion
VI. Writing
Lessons learned from Such Plagues as SARS and AI
Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象
English Test Paper for Doctoral Candidates (A) 2011.01.09 Part I Listening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). 1. A. She is in Vietnam. B. She is in Thailand. C. She is right here. D. She is in Tokyo. 2. A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On foot. D. By train. 3. A. He stays late for the lesson. B. He is studying. C. He has little rest. D. He is resting. 4. A. She gave a lecture to the psychology class. B. She advised the woman to see a psychologist. C. She persuaded the woman not to take the course. D. She convinced the woman to apply to graduate school. 5. A. She read it selectively. B. She went over it chapter by chapter. C. She read it slowly. D. She finished it at a stretch. Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage One 6. A. How to choose the qualified goods. B. The consumer's rights. C. The importance of the quality. D. How to demand the replacement.
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c010557721.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/c010557721.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
Intercultural Communication In recent years, it is widely acknowledged that interculturalcommunication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend. First and foremost, the development of transportation.Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours. It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another. People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before. What’s more, the advancementof communication means. Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet, telephone, mobile phone and so on. These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent. Besides, the ongoingof economicglobalization.Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries. Theiremployees are of different ethnic groups and from different countries. Last but not the list, the increasing of https://www.doczj.com/doc/c010557721.html,lions of people now move across national borders every year. Therefore, all these causes contribute to the fact that intercultural communication is now a daily occurrence. Its importance now is being recognized by a growing number of people.
2015中南大学考博英语经典阅读：An educationin finance 国庆长假，育明考博考博小编为同学们收集整理了经典阅读资料并附有例句解析，希望育明考博考博伴随同学们共度国庆，复习的更加顺利!联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 An educationin finance Less well known is the increasing willingness of colleges to borrowin the markets,too.On May15th,for example,Cornell University sold$250m-worth of bonds.In recent weeks both Harvard and the University of Texashave also raised hundreds of millions of dollars in this way. Such debt-raising is becoming more common.There are abundantreasons to believe that the market will grow much bigger yet. Largely this is because colleges are only belatedly becoming awareof how useful the financial markets can be.No doubt some of their hesitationhas been cultural:academics may have been reluctant to look at theiruniversities as businesses;or they may have misunderstood what was needed tohelp those businesses grow. If they did look at their institutions in economic terms,people ineducation tended not to think that universities lacked capital.Rather,theythought that they had a structural inability to use capital and labour moreefficiently.Unlike the car industry,many schools felt that they mustmaintain,or even increase,the ratio of employees(teachers)to customers(students).Small class sizes are taken as a signal of high quality,soinvesting money to save on teachers’salaries is not anattractive strategy. Schools had other reservations as well.Poor schools were worriedabout being unable to service debt.Rich schools with huge endowments may haveseen no need. So much for an academic perspective.A growing number of investorssaw
北京邮电大学2012-2013 学年秋季学期 2012级《博士英语写作》期末考试试卷 Name in Chinese ___________________ Name in pinyin: ___________________ Student no __________________ Class no :_______ School / Institute ___________________ 1 / 9
PART A : Controlled Writing i)ARTICLES: Fill in the gaps with an article as appropriate: the / a / an OR 0 (no article) 15points (10 points) 2 / 9
ii)REGISTER: Re-write these sentences in a more formal register (e.g. using PASSIVE form, formal register vocabulary items, etc.) (10 points) 1.Obesity is getting a lot of attention nowadays in modern society. 2. 3. 4.. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 9. 10. 3 / 9
iii)LINK WORDS: Complete these texts by choosing the most appropriate LlNK WORD or PHRASE (10 points) Even though computers are clever machines, they cannot understand ordinary spoken English or any other natural language. 1)Yet / Likewise / In fact, the only language central processors can understand consists of a series of binary digits. Such a language can be understood directly by a machine. The instructions are 2)also / therefore / actually said to be in “machine code”.However, machine code as a means of communication is very difficult to write. 3) So / And / Instead we use symbolic languages that are easier to understand. By using a special program, these languages can then be translated into machine code. 4) Similarly / Hence / For example, the so called “assembly languages”use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent instructions. 5)In other words / In brief / In this case, they are labels which can be easily associated with the items to which they refer. 4 / 9
博士研究生英语教学 一．教学目的及目标 以感受语言，认识语言，应用语言为主导，以提高学生的实际应用能力为目标。在反思语言习得的过程中，探索一种全新的教学模式（源于且高于单一语言层面的教学，即基于语篇层面的文本结构，在语篇层面上对文本进行三位一体的诠释，了解英美族人的思维方式），增强论文和学术研究中的批判性思维的意识，培养批判性思维的习惯（通过洞察力达到更深层次的知识和理解），强化创造性技能（区别于侧重于以听力和阅读为主导的接受性技能），即提高学生交际和写作的能力，使之符合清晰性、准确性、精确性、相关性、深度、广度、逻辑和意义的评价标准（限于课时，故侧重于理念教学，本源教学，形态教学，方法论教学，从认识论的角度培养学生的解构能力）。 二．教学理念 从传统的侧重于语言层面的教学观念转移到以思维层面为主导，兼顾语言层面的全新的教学观念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么组织思想、怎么表达的思维层面，从而实现正确的交际目的（怎么用），完善学习的对象（学以致用），而不只停留在单一的体现语法与词汇的语句即语言层面。语言是表达思想的物质载体, 是逻辑思维的工具, 是思维过程的再现；而思维对世界的反映是借助于语言来实现的。 三．教学定位
以思维模式为切入点（显著区别于本科生，即通过纯粹的联想或死记硬背以及练习来完成的低阶段的学习；硕士生，即大量的知识积累却缺乏知识自身的相关逻辑；以及其他兄弟院校的英语教学，具有武汉大学特色的博士研究生英语教学），提高学生的综合分析能力，倡导英语学习的方法论，以期突破英语学习的瓶颈问题。知其然更力求知其所以然，强化实践过程中的批判性思维能力（分析性、逻辑性、系统化）。 四．教学手段/方法 以三位一体（角度的界定，文献的摘录，功能的区分）的训练方法完成对文本的解构，运用批判性思维的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思维方式即what to write，组织布局即how to write和结构功能即why to write。如下所示： 五．教学内容及计划 在一学期的课堂教学实践中，重点比较，解析不同文章（分别为不同风格的书籍、评论及演讲的体裁，以及兼顾文理学科的有关计算机、经济与哲学的不同题材），通过异同点的比较，
复旦大学 2011 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure（15 points） Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETⅠ with a single line through the center. 1.He ’ s color-blind and can’ t the difference between red and green easily. A. detect B. discover C. distinguish D. determine 2.As many as 100 species of fish, some to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution. A. unusual B. particular C. typical D. unique 3.In her bright yellow coat, she was easily in the crowed. A. accessible B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible 4.Some people find that certain foods their headaches. A. introduce B. trigger C. summon D. create 5.The workers chose to their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. A. deliver B. offer C. manifest D. indicate 6.Living with a roommate constraint on her ---- she couldn ’ t play her trumpet or have parties late at night. A. imposed B. illustrated C. impressed D. left 7.I don ’ t know how to get there either---- perhaps we’ d better a map. A. note B. mark C. consult D. draft 8.In the of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings. A. process B. company C. light D. form 9.The police are doing all they can to bring those responsible for the bombing to A. evidence B. hearing C. justice D. rule 10. The programme aims to make the country in food and to cut energy imports. A. self-confident B. self-sufficient C. self-satisfied D. self-restrained 11. I think I’ d like to stay home this evening going out as it is raining so heavily. A. better than B. other than C. rather than D. sooner than 12.The public can rest that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer. A. assured B. approved C. guaranteed D. convinced 13. The child’ s bad behavior is often more than a way of trying to his mother ’ s attention away from his sister. A. reflect B. catch C. deflect D. reduce 14. The small building was marked with a modest brass, stating the name and the business of the occupiers.