比较(33-37)
一. 比较变化
1. 规则变化
原级+er,est
原级字尾有e+r,st
短母音加子音>重复字尾+er,est 母音a,e,i,o,u
子音+y>去y+ier,iest
more,most+多音节
2. farther, further
Rome is farther from London than Paris is. Farther/further 表距离
Did you get further information Further['f?:e?] 表程度
3. late
later latest 时间
latter last 顺序
He got up later than usual.
The latter part of the story was interesting.
This is the latest news from America. latest news最新消息
This is his last work.
4. old
older oldest 表年龄
elder eldest 表长幼
He is older than I.
My elder(长辈)/older(老) brother is in Taipei.
二. 原级比较
1. Sports are as important as studies.
He is as nice a person as his father.
2. He does not work as/so hard as his brother (does).
This Japanese-video game is not as/so expensive as the Taiwanese-one.
3. She has as many dresses as her sister (does).
I don’t know as many people as she (does).
4. …times as…as…
The bridge is twice as long as that one.
=That bridge is half as long as this one.
Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books. cost v.价值
Taiwanese books cost one tried as much as imported books.
<注意>
可以用length (long), width (wide),height (high),weight (heavy) ,depth (deep),size (large, big)
This box is one quarter as large as that one.
=This box is one quarter the size of that one.
5. As…as possi ble/one can
Call the police as soon as possible/you can.
as soon as possible 时间快 quick/quickly 速度快
I told him to come home as early as possible/he could.
As…as 惯用片语
as busy as a bee 非常忙碌
as cool as a cucumber 极端冷静
as cunning as a fox 十分狡猾
cunning ['k?ni?] adj. 狡猾的；可爱的；巧妙的
as dead as a doornail 了无声息/完全(或肯定、确实无疑地)死了的，确已僵死了的
doornail ['d?:nei] n. 门钉，大头钉子
nail n. 指甲；钉子
as flat as a pancake
flat[fl?t] adj. 平坦的pancake['p?nkeik] n. 煎饼
as sweet as honey 非常甜美
as like as two peas
pea [pi:] n. [植]豌豆
特殊句型
6. Not so much… as… 与其说…不如说…
It was not so much a crime as a mistake.
=It was rather a mistake than a crime.
=It was a mistake rather than a crime.
7. Not so much as…/without so much as… 连…也没有
The man didn’t so much as apologize to me.
didn’t apologize 用原形
He left me without so much as saying thanks.
without saying 用VIng
8. As…as ever 依然
She looks as happy as ever
He is as great an artist as ever lived.
ever
Did you ever go fishing 你曾经钓过鱼吗
Do you ever go fishing (in you free time) 你平常钓鱼吗
9. As…as any+单数名词和任何人一样
He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.
person 可省
10. As many/much as+数词多达…
As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.
I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.
11. “多达”的其他表现
Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.
He goes to movies as often as three times a month.
12. As many/much… 同数的,同量的
I found six mistakes in as many lines.
The tour group visited five cities in as many days.
13. As good as… 几乎等于… 非褒义
This house is a great buy. It’s as good as new.
This house is a great buy. 买对了
His car is as good as a piece of junk. 像垃圾一样垃圾贬义
三. 比较级比较
1. Than
Dogs are cleverer than cats.
表全体狗: a dog/dogs
She can speak English better than I/me/I can. 副词比较级
2. …the 比较级 of the two 两者中较
This guitar is the better of the two.
3. 强调比较级
much/many, even, far, by far, far and away, a lot/lots, ~得多still, 更加地
a good deal, a great deal, 相当地
somewhat rather, 稍微
a bit, a little bit, a little 一点点
large 容量大 big 体积大
大份薯条用large
1. His house is much larger than mine.
“大”是抽象用much强调
2. You will find many more amusements in big cities than small towns.
“游乐场”是可数用many强调
4. 劣等比较
~less 原级 than ~ ~比~较不
Going by bus is less expensive than going by taxi.
=Going by bus is not as expensive as going by taxi.
=Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.
Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.
instant food 速熟食品
fast food 速买食品
5. 省略than
I have to study English harder this year because I’m a third year
student. 三年级学生
Why don’t you use a sharper knife
重要表现
6. More~than… 与其…不如~
She was more sad than angry.
她是难过
It is more flattery than praise.
与其说是称赞不如说是讨好
形容词不管是单音节或多音节,都用more+adj.形式
flattery['fl?t?ri]
7. 比较级and比较级越来越…
It’s getting darker and darker.
Entrance exams are becoming more and more difficult.
8. The 比较级…,the比较级… 越…就越…
The order we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.
The longer I waited, the less patient I become.
The more we get together, the happier we will be.
The more time you have, the more work you can do.
9. (all)the比较级for+名词/because~ 因为~因此便….
We respect him (all) the more for his honesty.
We respect him (all) the more because he is honest.
因为诚实我们更尊敬他
She works all the harder because she is a mother.
因为身为人母,他更努力工作.
注意负面时
He worked none the harder because he became a father.
虽说成为父亲但并不代表会更努力工作.
None the比较级for+名词/because~ 因为~因此便….
10. Much less… 更不用说
I don’t like mathematics, much less physics.
Mathematics is hard. 一个科目,单数名词
The old man cannot even work, much less run.
11. Superior to~, senior to~
本身含有比较含有的单词,不可用than,改用to
Superior, inferior 优秀的,拙劣的 [sju:'piri?] [in'fi?ri?]
My inferiors 我的晚辈
Senior, junior 年长的,年幼的
Major, minor (程度)较大的,较小的 ['main?]
Prior, posterior 前面的,后面的 ['prai?] [p?'sti?ri?]
Postwar 战后
He is five years older than I
=He is five years senior to me.
=He is senior to me by five years.
I prefer playing sports to watching them.
Prefer 动词哦
12. More or less, sooner or later
Our guess was more or less correct.
more or less adv.多多少少
Sooner or later you will find your missing child.
13. Know better than~(toVR) 不会傻到
Had better~(VR) 最好~
I know better than to go sailing without a life jacket.
You had better not go.
14. No more than等
no和notI have no money.
I don’t have any money.
No=not any
1. No more than = only 只有~而已
I have no more than 100 dollars.
我有100元,再没有其他了>只有
2. Not more than = at most 顶多~
I have not more than 100 dollars.
我没有更多100元>顶多
3. No less than = as much as 有~之多
I have no less than 100 dollars.
我有100元,再没有更少的了>我有100耶!
4. Not less than = at least 至少
I have not less than 100 dollars.
我没有少于100元.>至少
15. No more~ than~ 等
1. No more~ than~ 和~一样不
I am no more mad than you are.
我和你一样少疯>不疯
2. Not more~ than~ 不像~那样~
I am not more mad than you are.
我不比你多疯>没你疯
3. No less~ than~ 与~同样地~
I am no less mad than you are.
我和你一样多疯>很疯
4. Not less~ than~ 与~有过之而无不及
I am not less mad than you are
我不比你少疯>半斤&八两