按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放外研版高中英语选修六1-6单元知识点归纳
Module 1
【词条1】lack
【点拨】lack动词, 意为"缺乏,没有"。如:
He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.
What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm.
【拓展】
1. lack的常用短语有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某种品质、特点等)"；lack (for) nothing"应有尽有"。如:
Money for the project is still lacking.
I think the film is lacking in pace.
They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.
2. lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为"缺乏,没有"。for lack of "因为缺乏……"。如: The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.
The flowers withered for lack of water.
【词条2】reply
【点拨】名词,意为"回答,答复",常与介词to 连用。如:
Is it a reply to the first or the second letter?
To my anger, she made no reply to my question.
其常用在短语in reply to中,意为"作为对……的回答,回复"。如:
What did he do in reply to your challenge?
【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为"回答,答复",reply (to ... / that ...) 。如:
The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question.
Lily replied that she knew nothing about it.
【词条3】apology
【点拨】apology名词,意为"道歉,歉意",常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如:
It’s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.
In my judgment, we should accept their apology.
You’d better make an apology for your absence.
【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为"道歉,表示歉意",常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如:
I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.
I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.
经典短语透视
【短语1】think of
【点拨】think of可意为"想起,想出"。如:
The photo made me think of my child-hood.
It was Tom who thought of the good plan.
【拓展】think的其他常用短语:
1. think highly / much of 重视,高度赞扬。如:
All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.
2. think about 考虑。如:
I was thinking about something else and missed your words.
3. think over 仔细考虑。如:
Please think the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow.
【短语2】in addition
【点拨】in addition意为"另外,此外"。如:
I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.
You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.
【拓展】in addition to 除……之外(还有),to为介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式。如: His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.
besides也意为"除……之外(还有)"。如:
The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.
【短语3】leave out
【点拨】leave out意为"省去,删去"。如:
In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.
You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.
【拓展】
1. leave out还可意为"漏掉,遗漏"。如:
Decide with you partner which words have been left out.
2. 与leave相关的常用短语:leave behind遗留,留下
It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.
leave over剩余,暂不解决
We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting.
leave alone别管,不理会
If I were you, I’d leave this question alone.
【短语4】show off
【点拨】show off意为"炫耀"。如:
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.
【拓展】与show相关的常用短语:
show sb. around领某人参观
The headmaster showed us around the school.
show up出席,到场
The pa rty is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasn’t shown up.
热点语法聚焦
didn’t need to do和needn’t have done都有"过去不必做某事"的意思,但是didn’t need to表示"过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做"；needn’t have done表示"过去本来不必做某事,实际上却做了"。如:
I didn’t need to take a taxi from the air-port —there was a bus all the way into the city.
I needn’t have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left.
此外,要注意need的其它用法:
need可作实义动词,也可作情态动词。
1. 作实义动词时, need有人称和数的变化,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等,否定式要在前面加don’t (doesn’t, didn’t),疑问句用do (does, did) 提问。如:
The company needs some good salesmen.
His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.
2. 作情态动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,否定式为needn’t,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如:
You needn’t worry about him. He is very mature now.
—Need I stay another day?
—Yes, you must.
Module 2
【词条1】behave
【点拨】behave 用作不及物动词,意为"(举止或行为)表现"。如:
She has been behaving very politely.
另外,behave还可意为"举止得体；守规矩",常和反身代词连用。如:
Can’t you make your little child behave himself?
【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表现得好的/不好的；behavior n.行为,举止如:
He is thought to be a well-behaved child.
She was ashamed of her children’s bad behavior.
【词条2】appeal
【点拨】appeal可用作名词,意为"吸引力,感染力"。如:
Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.
【拓展】
1. appeal用作名词时,还可意为"呼吁,请求"。如:
His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.
An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake. 2. appeal还可用作动词, 意为"引起兴趣；呼吁,请求",常跟介词to连用。如: Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?
The police
are appealing to the public for any information about this.
【词条3】awake
【点拨】awake 可用作形容词,意为"醒着的"。如:
I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.
注意:awake是表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep, alive, aware等。
【拓展】awake (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物动词,意为"醒来",这时与wake up意义相近；awake也可作及物动词,意为"唤醒,叫醒；唤起(记忆)；激起(情感)"。如: I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.
The thunder awoke me last night.
His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.
Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.
经典短语透视
【短语1】ahead of
【点拨】ahead of意为"在……之前"。如:
The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.
【拓展】ahead of还可意为"胜过,优于；(数量、价格等)超过"。如:
In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.
Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.
【短语2】holdout
【点拨】hold out可意为"伸出,拿出"。如:
When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.
【拓展】hold out还可意为"维持；坚持(抵抗)"。如:
We were short of water but it could hold out for another day.
They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.
The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.
【短语3】putdown
【点拨】put down可意为"放下"。如:
Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!
【拓展】
1. put down还可意为"写下,记下；镇压；消灭"。如:
Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.
The uprising was put down three days later.
can’t put sth. down 爱不释手；不忍释卷。如:
It is an interesting story and he can’t put it down until he has finished reading it.
2. 与put相关的常用短语:put out出版；生产；使熄灭,扑灭；put up树立；put off 推迟；put aside 把……搁在一边；put forward提出；put up with容忍。如:
Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed.
The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.
Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.
He put aside his work to spend more time with his family.
He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.
I could hardly put up with the child any longer.
热点语法聚焦
动词的-ing形式作状语
可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)
It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (结果)
Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. (条件)
Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (让步)
We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)
Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned to his teacher. (原因)
Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴随)
【难点点拨】
1. 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如: Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country.
(we与see之间是主动关系)
2. 现在分词作状语时,其前可加while, when, after, before, though, unless等连词,on, upon等介词或thus, completely等副词。如:
While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical.
Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal.
On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
3. 有时用"(with / without)+ 宾语+ 现在分词"结构作状语。如:
I couldn’t focus my attention with that noise going on.
4. 当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如:
Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday.
Module 3
【词条1】raise
【点拨】vt. 可意为"招募,筹措(金钱)"。如:
It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.
He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.
【拓展】raise还可意为"举起；增加,提高；提出；抚养,饲养；引起"。如:
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
The boss has promised to raise their pay.
He was so angry as to raise his voice.
The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.
The discussion raised our interest.
【辨析】raise ＆rise两者都可以表示"上升；增长"之意,不同的是raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词。如:
On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.
【词条2】regret
【点拨】regret可用作动词,意为"懊悔,惋惜；遗憾",后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、动名词等。如:
I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I can’t attend the party.
We regret to inform you that you failed again.
We have deeply regretted selling the farm.
注意:其后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会:
I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遗憾要做某事)
I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)
【拓展】regret也可作名词,意为"遗憾,后悔；歉意"。如:
We decided with great regret that we couldn’t offer you the position.
feel no regret at对……不感到遗憾
much to one’s regret使某人非常遗憾的是
express one’s regret at对……表示遗憾
【词条3】forgive
【点拨】vt.＆vi.意为"原谅,宽恕",常用于结构forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语。如:
I will never forgive you for what you’ve ever done to me.
Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior.
【拓展】forgivene ss n.原谅,宽恕,饶恕forgiving adj. 宽大的,仁慈的
经典短语透视
【短语1】keep in touch (with)
【点拨】keep in touch (with sb.)意为"(与某人)保持联系",也可写作stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:
This is my card. Let’s keep in touch.
I’ve kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.
【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有:get in touch with"与……取得联系"；lose touch with / be out of touch with"与……失去/ 没有联系"。如:
We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.
Write to me as often as you can. I don’t want to lose touch with you.
【短语2】knock over
【点拨】knock over意为"撞倒,击倒"。如:
A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths.
【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有:knock down"打倒,推倒"；knock off"停止,中断"；knock out"击败,击倒"。如:
He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.
We knocked off work for tea.
Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.
【短语3】make up
【点拨】make up可意为"和好"。如:
I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp. 【拓展】make up还有以下常用意思:
You shouldn’t believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造)
Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妆)
You must make up the work you missed. (补上)
热点语法聚焦
1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法
非谓语动词的完成式having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为not having done。如:
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
The question being discussed is very important.
2. 非谓语动词的-ing形式和to do形式的区别
有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含义有所不同。如:
(1) forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如:
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
(2) 动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如:
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
(3) 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如: Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
(4) 动词need, require, want作"需要"解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如:
These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料。
(5) 动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如:
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you.
我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。
Module 4
【词条1】combine
【点拨】combine vi. / vt. 联合,结合,合并。常用作结构combine ... with ..."把……与……结合"。如:
The two countries combined against their common enemy.
He combined his scientific knowledge with his friend’s business skill and started a company.
His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.
【拓展】combination n. 联合,合作, 结合combined adj. 组合的,结合的
【词条2】relax
【点拨】relax vi. / vt. 放松,使轻松。如:
The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.
This equipment will help relax your muscles.
【拓展】relax还可意为"放宽；使松弛"。如:
They relaxed the regulations after the reform.
relaxed adj. 放松的,镇定的relaxing adj. 令人放松的
She had a very relaxed manner.
It’s really a relaxing walk.
【词条3】present
【点拨】present可用作动词,意为"赠送；颁发(奖品等)；提出"。如:
When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a golden watch. The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.
【拓展】
1. present作名词,可意为"礼物,赠品；现在,目前"。如:
I don’t want all these books; I’ll make you a present of them.
She is busy at present, and she can’t speak to you.
Let’s leave things as they are for the present.
2. present作形容词,意为"出席的,在场的；目前的,现在的"。如:
It’s unfair to discuss his case if he isn’t present.
The present situation seems to be in their favor.
经典短语透视
【短语1】in addition to
【点拨】in addition to意为"除……之外(还有)",其中to为介词,所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等。如:
In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical experience.
【拓展】
1. besides作介词时,和其意思和用法相同。如:
We have lots of things in common besides dance.
2. in addition相当于副词,可译为"另外,加之"。如:
You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.
【短语2】draw upon / on
【点拨】draw upon / on意为"凭借,利用"。如:
Reread your previou s essays for ideas and information, which you may want to draw upon.
A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.
【拓展】draw on / upon还可意为"临近,(时光)渐渐过去"。如:
Winter is drawing on.
It grew colder as night drew on.
【短语3】be true of
【点拨】be true of 意为"(某种情况)适用于,适宜于"。如:
This principle is true of everybody.
The food is good and the same is true of the service.
【拓展】根据下列例句体会与true相关短语的意义:
The picture is true to life. (逼真)
He is always true to his promise. (信守)
My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. (实现)
热点语法聚焦
一、现在完成进行时由"has / have been + 动词-ing"构成,其主要用法有:
1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时,并且还有可能继续下去。这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语,如:
For three years, all this time, all one’s life, all the morning, these few weeks.
以及由for或since引导的时间状语连用。如:
He’s been watching television all day.
I have been teaching in the middle school for ten years.
2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时刻的动作,在说话时刻这个动作刚刚结束。如:
I have just been saying goodbye to my friend.
3. 表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如
Have you been meeting him lately?
二、与现在完成时的比较:
1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever"曾经"连用。如:
We have already learnt Unit
2. (我们已经学习了第二单元。)
She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。) 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且有可能还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点,一般不与already或ever等连用。如:
We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。(没学完)
2. 现在完成时表示次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子:
I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他。)
I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见她。)
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。如:
We are very tired. We’ve been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们一直在打扫房子。(强调动作)
We’ve cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了。(强调结果"房子干净")
4. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:
I ha ve waited for two hours.我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
5. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况；若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如:
He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎。
He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
6. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:
I’ve only known her for two days.我认识她刚刚两天。
They’ve been married for twenty years.他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争已经持续了很长时间。
7. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:
The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。
The problem has been studied for five days.这个问题已研究了五天。
Module 5
【词条1】refuse
【点拨】refuse为动词,意为"拒绝"。常用于结构:
①refuse to do sth.
②refuse + n. / pron.
③refuse sb. sth.。
如:
What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter.
He refused his friend’s invitation to go on an adventure.
She is so enthu siastic that you can’t refuse her anything.
【拓展】
1. 辨析refuse＆reject＆decline
这几个词都可作"拒绝"解。其区别在于:refuse 是表示"拒绝"这一概念的最普通的用词,可接不定式,表示拒绝做某事,也可接名词,表示不接受；reject 语气比refuse 强,表示断然拒绝。如果不同意一种意见或信仰,通常用reject；decline 比较正式,表示礼貌、客气地"婉拒",当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等表示"不接受"时,可以用decline 来缓和语气。如:
I refused to take part in anything that is illegal.
The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.
I invited her to join us, but she declined.
2. refusal为refuse 的名词形式,意为"拒绝,拒不"。如:
Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.
【词条2】arise
【点拨】arise为不及物动词,意为"产生；出现"。常用搭配:arise out of / from sth."由……引起"。如:
We didn’t know how the quarrel arose.
Disagreements have arisen from the new program.
【拓展】
1. arise还可意为"站起来,起立"。如:
He arose, telling me that he would wait for me outside the office.
2. 注意几个与arise意义相近的词:
(1) rise是不及物动词,意为"上升；升起；增加；提高"。也可意为"起床"和"站起身",这时可与arise换用。如:
Our hopes rose and fell in the same instant.
The chairman rose from his chair and came forward to present the award.
We arose from the chairs when the guest entered the room.
(2) raise是及物动词,意为"举起；使起来；提高；提出"。如:
He raised his hand to ask the speaker questions.
My salary was raised to 8,000 yuana month.
(3) arouse也是及物动词,意为"唤醒；激起；引起"。如:
I was suddenly aroused by the thunder.
Great enthusiasm was aroused by the speech.
【词条3】accompany
【点拨】accompany 动词,可意为"陪伴"。如:
Will you accompany me in drinking a glass of wine?
【拓展】accompany还可意为"伴随发生；伴奏"。如:
Lightning usually accompanies with thunder.
The pianist accompanied her singing.
经典短语透视
【短语1】treat ... as ...
【点拨】treat ... as ... 意为"把……当成……"。如:
People here all treat me as an expert on farming.
【拓展】下面的词组都可以表示"把……当成……"。如:
All the patients regard him as a considerate nurse.
She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
They look on others’ diffi culties as their own.
This sculpture is considered as a symbol of this city.
【短语2】rely on
【点拨】rely on意为"依靠,指望",常用于以下结构:
They usually rely on themselves.(rely on sth.)
They have to rely on the river for their water.( rely on sth. for)
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.(rely on sb. to do sth.)
【拓展】count on和depend on / upon 都可意为"依靠,依赖"。如:
I can count on Bill to get the job done.
Our success mostly depends on your help.
【短语3】break down
【点拨】break down可意为"分解,分化"。如:
After many years, rocks break down into dirt.
【拓展】根据下列例句体会break down的其他意思:
We are late because the car broke down halfway. (坏了)
The peace talks have broken down because neither side would compromise. (失败) She broke down with a sob and covered her face with the hands. (感情失控)
The expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 5,000 dollars, materials 8,000 dollars. (分割)
热点语法聚焦
虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、怀疑或推测等。本期重点讲述虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法。if 引导的非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实可能相反三种情况。以下表格是虚拟语气用于if条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
与现在事实相反：动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would d could d might +动词原形
If he had time, he would come to visit you. (实际上很可能没时间)
与过去事实相反：had + 动词-ed形式would d could d might have +动词-ed形式If he had taken my advice, he would have finished it on time.(实际上没有采纳建议,结果没按时完成)
与将来事实可能相反
1.
一般过去时(be 动词一般用were)
2. should + 动词原形
3. were to + 动词原形would d could d might +动词原形
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(说话人认为明天下雨的可能性很小)
注意:
1. 在if虚拟条件从句中,如果主、从句动作发生在不同的时间,主从句谓语动词应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式,这叫作混合虚拟条件从句。如:
If he had told me his telephone number yesterday, I could phone him now. (从句表达的情况与过去的事实相反,主句表达的情况与现在的事实相反。)
2. 在if虚拟条件从句中,如果从句的谓语动词含有were, had, should,可将之提至句首,将连词if省去,从而构成倒装句型。如:
Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), I would not go to Beijing.
3. 有时用介词without 或介词短语but for来表达虚拟语气。如:
Without electricity human life would be quite different today.
But for your help, we couldn’t have arrived here on time.
Module 6
【词条1】occupy
【点拨】occupy为动词,可意为"占领"。如:
Germany occupied a lot of countries during the Second World War.
【拓展】
1. occupy还可意为"占或充满(时间,空间)；担任(职务)；占据(头脑,思想)"。常用于结构:
①occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth. /忙于,从事于
②be occupied in doing sth. / with sth.专心于,忙于。如:
The headmaster’s speech occupied three hours in all.
My father occupies an important position in the club.
My business occupies my mind constantly.
My little sister occupied herself with her homework last night.
As the final exam is drawing near, all the students are occupied in reviewing their
lessons.
2. occupation名词,意为"占有；职业"。如:
The worker’s occupation of the factory lasted two weeks.
Please state your name, age and occupation.
【词条2】overlook
【点拨】overlook动词,意为"往下看,俯视"。如:
The house on the hill overlooks the village.
From the top of the hill, we can overlook the whole of the harbor.
【拓展】
1. overlook还可意为"忽视,忽略"。如:
You have overlooked several mistakes in this work.
2. 辨析overlook＆look over
overlook为单个动词,意为"俯视；忽视"；look over为动词短语,意为"检查,查看"。如:
Don’t overlook the students who are poor in th eir studies.
We must look over the house before we decide to rent it.
【词条3】wound
【点拨】wound可用作动词,意为"使受伤"。如:
The bullet wounded him in the left leg.
【拓展】
1. wound还可用作名词,意为"创伤,伤口"。如:
The soldier received a serious wound in the chest.
2. 辨析wound＆injure＆hurt
这三个词都表示"受伤"。wound一般指外伤,如枪伤、刀伤,尤指战争、战斗中受伤；injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤；hurt可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害,特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害。如:
The soldier was badly wounded in the head.
Although his hand was injured, he continued to operate the machine.
He hurt his leg when he fell from the ladder.
经典短语透视
【短语1】make a breakthrough
【点拨】make a breakthrough意为"取得重大突破(进展)"。如:
The key to the problem is to make a breakthrough with a clear aim.
The two countries made a significant breakthrough in negotiations.
【拓展】辨析breakthrough与break through breakthrough为名词,意为"惊人的进展；关键问题的解决"；break through为动词短语,意为"突破,突围；克服"。如: I’ve been learning English for years; I want to make a breakthrough.
Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
The enemy attempted to break through our lines.
【短语2】to one’s astonishment
【点拨】to one’s astonishment意为"令某人惊讶的是",相当于to the astonishment of sb.。如:
To my astonishment, he remembered my birthday and bought me flowers.
【拓展】in astonishment意为"惊奇地"。如:
Those present looked at each other in astonishment after hearing the news.
The students looked at their teacher in astonishment.
【短语3】declare war on
【点拨】declare war on,相当于declare war against意为"向……宣战"。如: Japan declared war on China in 1937.
Police have declared war on drug dealers in the area.
【拓展】辨析declare＆announce
declare常用于正式场合,含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思,它所涉及的事不一定是对方所不知道的。announce更接近于汉语"公布、告知"的意思,它所涉及的是一件对方原来不知道的事。如:
The accused declared himself innocent.
The date of his visit has not been announced.
热点语法聚焦
上期重点讲虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法,本期重点讲述虚拟语气在其他从句中的一些主要用法。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句
(1) wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示现在的祝愿和报歉。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。如:
I miss you so much and I wish I were there with you.
表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。如:
I wish I had known him ten years ago.
表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语为would / should / could / might +动词原形。如:
I wish I could fly to the moon one day.
(2)虚拟语气用于其他宾语从句在suggest, advise, propose, order, command, demand, require, request, insist等表示"建议"、"命令"、"劝告"等的动词后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用"(should) +动词原形"。如:
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
注意: suggest 作"显示,表明,说明",insist作"坚持说,坚持认为"时,从句不用
虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。如:
His pale face suggests that he is ill.
He insisted that he was right, and so he insisted that his plan be carried out at once. 2. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
(1) 在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, essential ...) that .... "中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用"(should)+ 动词原形"。如:
It’s necessary that you should review your lessons bef ore the examination.
(2) 在句型"It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered ...) that ... "中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用"(should)+ 动词原形"。如:
It’s suggested that we (should) put on a short play at the party.
3. 虚拟语气用于表语从句或同位语从句
advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语动词用"(should)+ 动词原形"。如:
His suggestion that we (should) go fishing is wonderful.
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
4. 以as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气
从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反,用had +过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could) +动词原形。如:
He speaks as if he knew everything about the accident.
The two strangers were talking warmly as though they had been friends for years.
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选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的 预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.
新人教版六年级上册数学各单元知识点总结 第一单元：分数乘法 一、分数乘法 （一）分数乘法的意义： 1、分数乘整数与整数乘法的意义相同。都是求几个相同加数的和的简便运算。 例如： 98×5表示求5个9 8的和是多少？ 2、分数乘分数是求一个数的几分之几是多少。 例如： 98×4 3表示求9 8的4 3是多少？ （二）、分数乘法的计算法则： 1、分数与整数相乘：分子与整数相乘的积做分子，分母不变。（整数和分母约分） 2、分数与分数相乘：用分子相乘的积做分子，分母相乘的积做分母。 3、为了计算简便，能约分的要先约分，再计算。 注意：当带分数进行乘法计算时，要先把带分数化成假分数再进行计算。 （三）、规律：（乘法中比较大小时） 一个数（0除外）乘大于1的数，积大于这个数。 一个数（0除外）乘小于1的数（0除外），积小于这个数。 一个数（0除外）乘1，积等于这个数。 （四）、分数混合运算的运算顺序和整数的运算顺序相同。
（五）、整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律，对于分数乘法也同样适用。 乘法交换律： a × b = b × a 乘法结合律： ( a × b )×c = a × ( b × c ) 乘法分配律：（ a + b ）×c = a c + b c a c + b c = （ a + b ）×c 二、分数乘法的解决问题 （已知单位“1”的量（用乘法），求单位“1”的几分之几是多少） 1、画线段图： （1）两个量的关系：画两条线段图；（2）部分和整体的关系：画一条线段图。 2、找单位“1”：在分率句中分率的前面；或“占”、“是”、“比”“相当于”的后面 3、求一个数的几倍：一个数×几倍；求一个数的几分之几是多少：一个数×几 。 几 4、写数量关系式技巧： （1）“的”相当于“×”“占”、“是”、“比”相当于“ = ”（2）分率前是“的”：单位“1”的量×分率=分率对应量（3）分率前是“多或少”的意思：单位“1”的量×（1 分率）=分率对应量 第二单元：位置与方向 1、位置是相对的，要指出一个物体的位置，必须以另一个物体为参照物。以谁为参照物，就以谁为观测点。 2、东偏北30。也可说成北偏东60。，但在生活中一般先说与物体所在方向
选修6重点词汇，短语，句子复习总结 选修六. M6 Unit1 重点单词 abstract 抽象 sculpture 雕塑 belief 信仰 special特殊 visual视觉 consequently 因此 specific 具体 fragrant芳香 permanent永久 faith信念（信心） symbol象征 value 价值focus 焦点 avenue 大道 exhibition展览 possession拥有 figure图 achievemen 成就mostly 大多shadow阴影 variety 品种 contemporary 当代 custom 习俗adopt采用 object对象 explore gallery admission influence conventional convince ridiculous controversial excellent evident attempt predict collection discovery traditional amazing realistic masterpiece environment style aggressive scholar civilization counterpart scene permanent tip preference represent display fragile typical shape gradually technique reputation including replace 重点短语 focus on 集中 a great deal 大量 scores of concentrate on at the same time that Is (to say) as well as by coincidence lie in break away from on the other hand be well worth would rather appeal to精力在一个很大的成绩 集中精力在同一时间是(说) 以及巧合睡懒觉了 摆脱另一方面很值得 宁愿吸引 重点句子 1. A typical picture of this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of … 一个典型的图片的这个时候布满了宗教符号,创造了一种感觉… 2.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when … 但显然的想法改变13th世纪… 1
Review of Book 6 高二英语选修6 重要知识点复习 I.Let?s review the phrases of book6. 从方框里选择短语并用正确的形式填空，每个短语只能够用一次（其中有多余的选项） burn to the ground, put up with, on the whole, result in , so long as, come about, in the distance, build up, focus on , scores of, a great deal of, manage to , be made up o f, translate …into, take it easy,, in spite of, in sorrow, take possession of, due to, decide on , be addicted to, get into, in the flesh, run out of, stand for, feel like, be accustomed to, convince…of, pay attention to, in the darkness, take a risk 1 the restaurant?s success was___ its new manage. 2 Could you tell me how many departments this university ____? 3 The man often returns from work very late and gets through the woods ___ by himself. 4The king tried to______ his men ____ his power by leading the great army. 5At the discussion, the farmers? argument____ whether their farmlands should be covered by the factory. 6Once you ___ surfing on the Internet, you will find it rather hard to give it up. 7Though humans have discovered____ oil and coal, they mustn?t waste energy like that. 8You can not legally____ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. 9In mathematics, the letter “X” usually ______ an unknown figure. 10Hearing the sad news that the famous actor died of cancer, all his fans were deeply ______. 11“_______, young man” , the doctor said to Bill. “Let me examine you carefully. 12______ so many difficulties , we?ll do whatever we can to finish the task. 13It was so dry and hot in the desert and the travelers ______ the water they had. 14Without any guide leading them in the forest, the explorers soon____ trouble. 15I?m very hungry now and I _____ eating some food or fruit as soon as possible. 16Those young people would like to _____ so that they could find out whether there is a huge snake in the cave. 17Last week, we saw the man_______ who was said to have died in an accident and we know the news was not true. 18After a long heated discussion, the manager finally_______ taking the measures to encourage their stuff. 19A large number of young people who________ the comfortable life in the city would rather not return to the countryside. 20The popularity of private cars will_____ more serious air pollution and more traffic accidents. 21However, ________, I think I have been fortunate. 22With the Internet bridging people all over the world, great changes have________. 23A balanced diet and enough exercise can certainly_________ your health. 24The pay you get is so low in the company while your work is so hard-----how can you _________it? 25One can achieve his goal sooner or later_______ he is able to face the future with confidence and work hard at it. II.Words spelling. 单词拼写A： 1.They had to c______ tomorrow?s football match because of the bad weather. 2.He studied the German market to find the _______( 可能性) there for investment. 3.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________( 不幸地), neither of them could swim. 4.The car club couldn?t ________（保证）to meet the demands of all its members. 5.Miss Lin made a very _________(印象深刻的) speech at the meeting. 6.American culture is u______ because it was formed and developed under special conditions. 7.The lecture was so long and dull that most audiences got b______ with it. 8._______(发抖) with fear, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 单词拼写B 1.The word “ honesty” is an a______ （抽象）noun. 2.There are many art g_____ （画廊）in New York. 3.I?m afraid I?ve never been much of a s______ (学者) 4.They are to put on an ______ (展览) of French paintings next week. 5.The prisoners a______ (尝试) to escape, but failed. 单词拼写C： 1．Some___________ (青少年) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 2．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _______(最后)work the Times. 3．The doors opened _______（自动地）as we approached. 4．He played the piano for a bit of __________ （放松） 5．It?s ________（不合法的）to park your car here. 6．He put forward a plan for improving the rate of_______（生产）。 7．So I did wrong thing! Well, nobody?s_______（完美的）。 8．A woman is ________（怀孕的）for nine months before a child is born. 9．In fact,_______（压力）isn?t so bad a thing as it is often supposed to be. 10.The man made a________（陈述）to the police. 单词填空D 1．T he __________(平均数)of 3,6 and 9 is 6 2．G as and coal are __________(燃料)。 3．W e had very little d_________(资料)on that subject.
六年级知识点归纳总结 第一单元分数乘法 1．分数乘整数的意义和整数乘法的意义相同，就是求几个相同加数的和的简便运算。2．分数乘整数的计算法则：分数乘整数，用分数的分子和整数相乘的积作分子，分母不变。 （为了计算简便，能约分的要先约分，然后再乘。） 注意：当带分数进行乘法计算时，要先把带分数化成假分数再进行计算。 3．一个数与分数相乘，可以看作是求这个数的几分之几是多少。 4．分数乘分数的计算法则：分数乘分数，用分子相乘的积作分子，分母相乘的积作分母。 5．整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律，对分数乘法同样适用。 乘法交换律： a × b = b × a 乘法结合律： ( a × b )×c = a × ( b × c ) 乘法分配律：（ a + b ）×c = a c + b c a c + b c = （ a + b ）×c 6．乘积是1的两个数互为倒数。 7．求一个数（0除外）的倒数，只要把这个数的分子、分母调换位置。 1的倒数是1。0没有倒数。 真分数的倒数大于1；假分数的倒数小于或等于1；带分数的倒数小于1。 注意：倒数必须是成对的两个数，单独的一个数不能称做倒数。 8．一个数（0除外）乘以一个真分数，所得的积小于它本身。 9．一个数（0除外）乘以一个假分数，所得的积等于或大于它本身。 10．一个数（0除外）乘以一个带分数，所得的积大于它本身。 11．分数应用题一般解题步骤。 （1）找出含有分率的关键句。
（2）找出单位“1”的量（以后称为“标准量”）找单位“1”：在分率句中分率的前面；或“是”、“占”、“比”、“相当于”的后面 （3）画出线段图，标准量与比较量是整体与部分的关系画一条线段即可，标准量与比较量不是整体与部分的关系画两条线段即可。（4）根据线段图写出等量关系式：标准量×对应分率=比较量。求一个数的几倍：一个数×几倍； 求一个数的几分之几是多少：一个数×几 几 。 写数量关系式技巧： （1）“的”相当于“×”“占”、“是”、“比”相当于“ = ” （2）分率前是“的”：单位“1”的量×分率=分率对应量 （3）分率前是“多或少”的意思：单位“1”的量×（1 分率）=分率对应量（5）根据已知条件和问题列式解答。 12．乘法应用题有关注意概念。 （1）乘法应用题的解题思路：已知一个数，求这个数的几分之几是多少？单位“1”×对应分率=对应量 （2）找单位“1”的方法：从含有分数的关键句中找，注意“的”前“是、比、相当于、占、等于”后的规则。 （3）甲比乙多几分之几？计算方法是：（甲－乙）÷乙= 甲÷乙－1甲比乙少几分之几？计算方法是：（甲－乙）÷甲 = 1－乙÷甲 （4）“增加”、“提高”、“增产”等蕴含“多”的意思，“减少”、“下降”、“裁员” 等蕴含“少”的意思，“相当于”、“占”、“是”、“等于”意思相近。 （5）当关键句中的单位“1”不明显时，要把关键句补充完整,补充成“谁是谁的几分之几之几”或“甲比乙多几分之几”、“甲比乙少几分之几”的形式。（6）乘法应用题中，单位“1”是已知的。 （7）单位“1”不同的两个分率不能相加减，加减属相差比，始终遵循“凡是
（非常全）人教高中英语必修一各单元知识点汇总 主要内容包括： 一、重点短语 二、语法 目录： Unit One Friendship Unit two English around the world Unit 3 Travel journal Unit four Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 2.faith n. 信任,信仰keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果
人教版六年级数学下册知识点归纳总结1、负数的由来： 为了表示相反意义的两个量（如盈利亏损、收入支出……）.光有学过的0 1 3.4 2/5……是远远不够的。所以出现了负数.以盈利为正、亏损为负；以收入为正、支出为负 2、负数：小于0的数叫负数（不包括0）.数轴上0左边的数叫做负数。 若一个数小于0.则称它是一个负数。 负数有无数个.其中有（负整数.负分数和负小数） 负数的写法：数字前面加负号“-”号.不可以省略例如：-2.-5.33.-45.-2/5 正数：大于0的数叫正数（不包括0）.数轴上0右边的数叫做正数 若一个数大于0.则称它是一个正数。正数有无数个.其中有（正整数.正分数和正小数） 正数的写法：数字前面可以加正号“+”号.也可以省略不写。 例如：+2.5.33.+45.2/5 4、0 既不是正数.也不是负数.它是正、负数的分界限 负数都小于0.正数都大于0.负数都比正数小.正数都比负数大 5、数轴： 6、比较两数的大小： ①利用数轴： 负数＜0＜正数或左边＜右边 ②利用正负数含义：正数之间比较大小.数字大的就大.数字小的就小。负数之间比较大小.数字大的反而小.数字小的反而大 1/3＞1/6 -1/3＜-1/6 第二单元百分数二 （一）、折扣和成数 1、折扣：用于商品.现价是原价的百分之几.叫做折扣。通称“打折”。
几折就是十分之几.也就是百分之几十。例如：八折=8/10=80﹪. 六折五=6.5/10=65/100=65﹪ 解决打折的问题.关键是先将打的折数转化为百分数或分数.然后按照求比一个数多（少）百分之几（几分之几）的数的解题方法进行解答。 商品现在打八折：现在的售价是原价的80﹪ 商品现在打六折五：现在的售价是原价的65﹪ 2、成数：几成就是十分之几.也就是百分之几十。例如：一成=1/10=10﹪八成五=8.5/10=85/100=80﹪ 解决成数的问题.关键是先将成数转化为百分数或分数.然后按照求比一个数多（少）百分之几（几分之几）的数的解题方法进行解答。这次衣服的进价增加一成：这次衣服的进价比原来的进价增加10﹪ 今年小麦的收成是去年的八成五：今年小麦的收成是去年的85﹪ （二）、税率和利率 1、税率（1）纳税：纳税是根据国家税法的有关规定.按照一定的比率把集体或个人收入的一部分缴纳给国家。 （2）纳税的意义：税收是国家财政收入的主要来源之一。国家用收来的税款发展经济、科技、教育、文化和国防安全等事业。（3）应纳税额：缴纳的税款叫做应纳税额。（4）税率：应纳税额与各种收入的比率叫做税率。 （5）应纳税额的计算方法：应纳税额=总收入×税率收入额=应纳税额÷税率 2、利率（1）存款分为活期、整存整取和零存整取等方法。 （2）储蓄的意义：人们常常把暂时不用的钱存入银行或信用社.储蓄起来.这样不仅可以支援国家建设.也使得个人用钱更加安全和有计划.还可以增加一些收入。（3）本金：存入银行的钱叫做本金。（4）利息：取款时银行多支付的钱叫做利息。（5）利率：利息与本金的比值叫做利率。（6）利息的计算公式： 利息＝本金×利率×时间利率＝利息÷时间÷本金×100％ （7）注意：如要上利息税（国债和教育储藏的利息不纳税）.则： 税后利息=利息-利息的应纳税额=利息-利息×利息税率=利息×(1-利息税率) 税后利息=本金×利率×时间×(1-利息税率) 购物策略： 估计费用：根据实际的问题.选择合理的估算策略.进行估算。 购物策略：根据实际需要.对常见的几种优惠策略加以分析和比较.并能够最终选择最为优惠的方案 学后反思：做事情运用策略的好处 第三单元圆柱和圆锥
人教版高中英语选修六 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 动词-ing形式复习 概念引入 在初中和高一，我们已经学过动词-ing形式的用法，而在学习过去分词的过程中，也穿插着与动词-ing形式的用法的区别，那么在本单元我们就把学过的有关动词-ing形式的内容复习并小结一下。 看下面句子： 1.Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 2.I was appoin te d as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory twenty years ago. 3.My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea,which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 4.Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth? 5.Can you imagine doing such dangerous work as part of your job? 这些句子中斜体词部分都是动词-ing形式及其宾语或状语等构成的短语，句1中短语作状语；句2中短语作定语，而且动词-ing形式带有状语“for...”；句3中短语作表语，表语中Moun t Kilauea又带有which引导的定语从句；句4中短语作介词的宾语，而studying的宾语rocks and other things也带有that引导的定语从句；句5中短语作动词的宾语。那么动词-ing形式的用法是什么？使用时我们要注意什么呢？ 用法讲解 动词-ing形式概述 1.特点： 1.动词-ing形式（v-ing形式）是英语三大非谓语动词之一，另两个是不定式和过去分词； 2.有动词特征：有时态和语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语； 3.有名词、形容词和副词的特征：可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。 4.可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词相当于形容词或副词，一般作定语、状语、补足语和表示特点的表语；动名词相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语和表示主语内容的表语。 2.构成： 基本形式：do＋ing 否定形式:“not doing” 注意：无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于v-ing形式之前。
小学六年级数学知识点归纳总结 六年级上册 知识点概念总结 1.分数乘法：分数乘法的意义与整数乘法的意义相同，就是求几个相同加数和的简便运算。 2.分数乘法的计算法则： 分数乘整数，用分数的分子和整数相乘的积作分子，分母不变；分数乘分数，用分子相乘的积作分子，分母相乘的积作分母。但分子分母不能为零.。 3.分数乘法意义 分数乘整数的意义与整数乘法的意义相同，就是求几个相同加数的和的简便运算。一个数与分数相乘，可以看作是求这个数的几分之几是多少。 4.分数乘整数：数形结合、转化化归 5.倒数：乘积是1的两个数叫做互为倒数。 6.分数的倒数 找一个分数的倒数，例如3/4把3/4这个分数的分子和分母交换位置，把原来的分子做分母，原来的分母做分子。则是4/3。3/4是4/3的倒数，也可以说4/3是3/4的倒数。 7.整数的倒数 找一个整数的倒数，例如12，把12化成分数，即12/1，再把12/1这个分数的分子和分母交换位置，把原来的分子做分母，原来的分母做分子。则是1/12，12是1/12的倒数。 8.小数的倒数： 普通算法：找一个小数的倒数，例如0.25，把0.25化成分数，即1/4，再把1/4这个分数的分子和分母交换位置，把原来的分子做分母，原来的分母做分子。则是4/1 9.用1计算法：也可以用1去除以这个数，例如0.25，1/0.25等于4，所以0.25的倒数4，因为乘积是1的两个数互为倒数。分数、整数也都使用这种规律。
10.分数除法：分数除法是分数乘法的逆运算。 11.分数除法计算法则：甲数除以乙数（0除外），等于甲数乘乙数的倒数。 12.分数除法的意义：与整数除法的意义相同，都是已知两个因数的积与其中一个因数求另一个因数。 13.分数除法应用题：先找单位1。单位1已知，求部分量或对应分率用乘法，求单位1用除法。 14.比和比例： 比和比例一直是学数学容易弄混的几大问题之一，其实它们之间的问题完全可以用一句话概括：比，等同于算式中等号左边的式子，是式子的一种（如：a:b）；比例，由至少两个称为比的式子由等号连接而成，且这两个比的比值是相同（如：a:b=c:d）。 所以，比和比例的联系就可以说成是：比是比例的一部分；而比例是由至少两个比值相等的比组合而成的。表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例,是比的意义。比例有4项,前项后项各2个. 15.比的基本性质：比的前项和后项都乘以或除以一个不为零的数。比值不变。 比的性质用于化简比。 比表示两个数相除；只有两个项：比的前项和后项。 比例是一个等式，表示两个比相等；有四个项：两个外项和两个内项。 16.比例的性质：在比例里，两个外项的乘积等于两个内项的乘积。比例的性质用于解比例。
人教版高一英语各单元知识点总结 1、What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法 2、I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语 3、 I enjoy reading / Im fond of singing / I like playing computer games、等表示喜好的词语 4、 Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes、“when"作并列连词的用法 5、 What / Who / When / Where is it that、、、? 强调句的特殊疑问句结构 6、 With so many people communicating in English everyday, 、、、“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语 7、 Can you tell me how to pronounce、、、? 带连接副词 (或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆ 1、especially v、特别地 2、 imagine v、想像 3、 alone adv、 / adj、单独，孤独的 4、 interest n、兴趣 5、 everyday adj、每天的，日常的 6、 deserted adj、抛弃的 7、 hunt v、搜寻 8、 share v、分享
9、 care v、在乎，关心 10、 total n、总数1 1、majority n、大多数 12、 survive v、生存，活下来 13、 adventure n、冒险 14、 scared adj、吓坏的 15、 admit v、承认 16、 while conj、但是，而 17、 boring adj、令人厌烦的 18、 except prep、除……之外 19、 quality n、质量 20、 favourite adj、最喜爱的☆重点短语☆ 1、be fond of爱好 2、treat…as…把……看作为…… 3、 make friends with 与……交朋友 4、 argue with sb、 about / over sth、与某人争论某事 5、 hunt for寻找 6、 in order to为了 7、share…with与……分享 8、 bring in引进；赚钱 9、 a great / good many许多… 10、 have difficulty (in)
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语选修6知识点总结汇总修选修 6 Unit 1 Art 1. faith n. 信任；信念；信心常 用结构 break one s faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with sb. 守信于某人 lose faith in 不再信任 have faith in 相信; 信任 in good/bad faith 真心诚意/ 虚情假意 2. aim n. 目标；目的 vi.vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 What is your aim in life?你生活的目标是什么? 常用结构： take aim (at) 瞄准 aim at 向瞄准；旨在，针对 aim high 胸 怀大志; 心气很高 3. consequently v.conj. 所以，因而(=therefore) 联想拓展consequent on/upon 因引起的；consequence n. 后果；结果；重要性 be of consequence 重要 的 as a consequence=as a result 结果 in consequence 由于 as a consequence of=as a result of 作为的结果 in consequence of 由于；作为的结果 4. possession （尤作复数）所有；财产 常用结构： in possession of sth. 拥有/ 占有某物 in the possession of/in one s possession 被拥有 take/gain/get/have possession of sth. 拥有某物 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 5. concentrate vt. 集中, 浓缩常用结构： concentrate on/upon 集中在；专心于 concentrate one s attention/mind on 注意力集中在 focus on 集中( 注意力, 关 1/ 17
第一单元主题是“人生感悟”。五篇课文从不同的角度阐明了人生的哲理。 《文言文两则》表达了学习应该专心致志和看待事物应该有不同角度的道理； 《匆匆》表达了作者对时光飞逝的惋惜和无奈，渗透着珍惜时间的意识； 《桃花心木》借物喻人，说明人的成长应该经受考验，学会独立自主。 《顶碗少年》蕴含着“失败乃成功之母”的哲理。 《手指》阐明“团结就是力量”的道理。 第一课《文言文两则》 1.背诵课文，默写。 2.知识点： 《学弈》选自《孟子.告子》，《学弈》这个故事，说明了学习应专心致志，不可三心二意的道理； 《两小儿辩日》选自《列子.汤问》，这个故事体现了两小儿善于观察，说话有理有据以及孔子实事求是的态度，同时告诉我们看待事物可以有不同的角度和学无止境的道理。 3.注释 （１）字、词： 弈：下棋。通国：全国。诲：教导。惟弈秋之为听：只听弈秋（的教导）。鸿鹄：天鹅。援：引，拉。俱：一起。弗：不。矣：了。为：因为。其：他的，指后一个人。 重点文中几个“之”的意思 辩斗：辩论，争论。以：认为。去：离。日中：正午。及：到。沧沧凉凉：形容清凉的感觉。沧沧：寒冷的意思。探汤：把手伸向热水里。意思是天气很热。汤：热水。决：判断。孰：谁。汝：你。 （２）句子： 为是其智弗若与？曰：非然也。 （译）难道是因为他的智力不如别人好吗？我说：不是这样的。 我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。 （译）我认为太阳刚出来的时候离人近一些，中午的时候离人远一些。 孰为汝多知乎？ （译）谁说你的知识渊博呢？ （３）译文： 《学弈》
弈秋是全国的下棋高手。他教导两个学生下棋，其中一个学生非常专心，只听弈秋的教导；另一个学生虽然也在听弈秋讲课，心里却一直想着天上有天鹅要飞过来，想要拉弓引箭把它射下来。虽然他俩在一块儿学习，但是后一个学生不如前一个学得好。难道是因为他的智力不如别人好吗？我说：不是这样的。 《两小儿辩日》 有一天，孔子到东方游学，看到两个小孩为什么事情争辩不已，便问是什么原因。 一个小孩说：“我认为太阳刚出来的时候离人近一些，中午的时候离人远一些。” 另一个小孩却认为太阳刚出来的时候离人远些，而中午时要近些。 一个小孩说：“太阳刚出来的时候像车盖一样大，到了中午却像个盘子，这不是远的时候看起来小而近的时候看起来大的道理吗？” 另一个小孩说：“太阳刚出来的时候有清凉的感觉，到了中午却像把手伸进热水里一样，这不是近的时候感觉热而远的时候感觉凉的道理吗？” 孔子也不能判断是怎么回事。 两个小孩笑着说：“谁说你的知识渊博呢？” 第二课《匆匆》（散文） （写作特色：作者运用设问、比喻、排比、拟人等句式将不易察觉的时光匆匆，一去不复返写得形象生动，富有感染力） １.背诵课文。 ２.知识点： 《匆匆》的作者是著名散文大师朱自清（本文是他24岁时所写），他的散文名篇有《匆匆》、《背影》、《荷塘月色》等。本文紧扣“匆匆”二字，细腻地刻画了时间流逝的踪迹，表达了作者对时光流逝的无奈和惋惜。 ３.理解句子： （１）燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？ 用排比的句式，表明大自然的枯荣是时间飞逝的痕迹。“我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？”看似在问，实际上表达了作者对时光逝去而无法挽留的无奈和对已逝日子的深深留恋。 仿写：太阳落了，有再升起的时候；月亮缺了，又再圆的时候；潮水退了，有再涨的时候。 （２）像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。
高一英语（上下册）英语词组和语法重难点 Unit One必会习语 1．What is sb. like? / What does sb. look like？/What does sb. like? /How does sb like/find sth? 2. argue with sb. about sth 因…和某人争执 3. enjoy/hate sth/ doing sth 4. so / nor/ neither + 系动／助动／情动+ 主语So it is with...; It is the same with... 5. be into 对…深感兴趣=be interested in; have/show interest in /be fond of 喜欢care for; /like; enjoy; 6. surf the internet 上网冲浪 7. all the time 一直总是 8. imagine that...; imagine (sb/sb’s) doing sth / imagine sb to be 想像某人是 CHUCK’S FRIEND 7. cast away 抛弃 8. so…that…/such…that…如此…以致… He was so excited that he could not speak. /So excited was he that he could not speak. It was such a lovely day that we decided to go outing. /It was so lovely a day that we decided to go outing. It is amusing that such little birds eat so much food. 9. the Pacific Ocean; the Atlantic Ocean; /the Indian Ocean; the arctic Ocean; 10. survive the crash 在空难中幸存 11. a deserted island 荒岛 12. all alone 独自= all by oneself 区别：alone 单独的；独自的lonely 孤独的；寂寞的 13. hunt for 搜寻寻找search for; 12．make fire 生火 13．in order to 为了so as to; in order that; so that 14．even though/even if 即使，纵然as if / as though 15．treat…as/like…把…当作regard...as...; think of...as 16．share sth. with sb. 与…分享share (in) sth 分享 17．care about/for 关心，照顾，喜欢care to do sth 愿意做；care for sb to do sth愿意某人做care +从句愿意；介意 18．should have done 本来应该=ought to have done 19．make friends with 与…交朋友 20．such as 例如for example；for instance WORD STUDY & GRAMMAR 21. keep...as a pet 22. regard ...as...; treat...as; think of...as; consider...as/to be 23. be loyal to; be faithful to；be devoted to 忠诚于 24. be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速 INTEGRATING SKILLS 25. have fun；enjoy oneself; have a wonderful time 26. drop me a line 给某人写短信 WORKBOOK