听力教程4 答案施心远（1—13）
Unit 1
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1. A college education can be very costly in the United States.
2.Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for
college.
3.There are different federal loans and private loans for students.
4.Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st.
5.There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt.
1.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。
2.费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。
3.有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。
4.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。
5.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背负沉重的债务从大学毕业。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue1-8 A C D C B C B A
Part 2 passage Ex C: 1-8 F F T T F T T F
Section 3
News Item 1
China's wasted no time insetting put the latest plans for its ambitious space program. A senior official said the next manned mission will be in 2007, when the astronauts will attempt a space walk. After that, scientists will focus on developing the capability to rendezvous* and dock* with other spacecraft. He added that China also wanted to recruit female astronauts in the near future.
The announcement comes just hours after the country's second manned space mission touched down in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The returning astronauts have been given a hero's welcome, riding in an open car in a nationally televised parade. Thousands of soldiers and groups of schoolchildren lined the route, waving Chinese flags. It's a sign of the great importance China attaches to its space program, viewing it as a source of national pride and international prestige.
A: …about China’s ambitious space program.
B:
1. Landing spot: in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia
2. Significance: a source of national pride and international prestige (威望) Future plan
1. 1) Time: 2007
2) Goal: The astronauts will attempt a space walk.
2. Focus of further development: the capability to rendezvous and dock with
other spacecraft
3. Recruitment of astronauts: to recruit female astronauts in the near future. News Item 2
China's economy has recovered earlier and more strongly than any other. This latest data is further evidence of that trend. The rise in industrial output confirms what factory owners have been saying for some time now, that customers have been restocking* their inventories and confidence is returning.
There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property* sector* is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies* for purchases of small vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need government support.
Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power generation and automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for the first time since February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport.
A: … about the growth of China’s economy.
News Item 3
If you visit almost any marketplace in Africa, many of the consumer goods on sale, from buckets to razor blades to hurricane lamps, are likely to be Chinese. In a very large number of African capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been built with Chinese aid money.
Sino-African trade, and aid, is large and growing. Some estimates put it as high as 12 billion dollars a year. Although direct comparisons are difficult, the links between the world's largest developing country, China, and the world's largest developing continent could grow to challenge the post-colonial links between Europe and Africa. The meeting in Addis Ababa* had heard Chinese promises to cancel debts, grant duty-free access into China for African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.
A: … about China’s large and growing trade with and aid to Africa.
B：
1.In many African capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been built
with Chinese aid money.
2.It is estimated that Sino-African trade, and aid, amounts to as high as 12 billion
dollars a year.
3.The links between China and Africa could grow to challenge the post-colonial
links between Europe and Africa.
4.On the meeting in Addis Ababa, China promised to cancel debts, grant duty-free
access into China for African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.
Unit 2
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.
2.So they take products with large amounts of vitamins.
3.They think these vitamin supplements will improve their health and protect
against disease.
4.Medical experts found little evidence that most supplements do anything to
protect or improve health.
5.but they noted that some do help to prevent disease.
1.有些人担心他们并未从所吃的食物中获取足够的维生素。
2.因此他们服用大剂量维生素制剂。
3.他们认为这些维生素制剂能够增进健康、预防疾病。
4.医学专家没有发现多少能证明这些制剂中的绝大多数能保障或增进健康的证
据。
5.但是他们注意到其中一些确实有助于预防疾病。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
1.Psychology and psychiatry
Psychology and psychologist
1) behavior think, behave and feel
2) psychology medical training
Psychiatry and psychiatrist
1)mental illness 2) fully trained doctor psychiatry
2.Classification of mental illness
psychoses; neuroses; personality disorder
3.Schizophrenia
Symptom1) hearing voices account for environment
2) abnormal beliefs
Treatment1) drug reduce or get rid of
2) social and family support and help
4. Mental illness
Situation1) common 2) 26 consult mental health problems
3) 14 days lost 4) 20 expenditure
Cause1) many factors 2) vulnerable 3) stresses 4) physical illnesses
Solution1) difficult 2) a number of different fronts
Part 2 passage Ex C: 1-8 T T F F T T T T
Section 3
News Item 1
Representatives of nearly 150 countries meeting in Hong Kong are still trying to reach a new agreement on global trade.
For many countries the biggest prize they realistically hoped for on this meeting was a date for ending the European Union subsidies (补贴) to help farmers sell their produce (农产品) on world markets. The EU was already committed in principle to doing this. Now a senior official says they are prepared to name the date as part of a wider deal. "If there isn't an agreement here in Hong Kong, the date of 2013 will be in it," he confirmed. The United States trade representative Rob Portrnan said he would still prefer a date of 2010, but he is trying to be accommodating.
A: …about a meeting in Hong Kong trying to reach a new agreement on global trade.
B:
1.Representatives of nearly 150 countries meeting in Hong Kong are still trying to
reach a new agreement on global trade.
2.For many countries the biggest prize they realistically hoped for was a date for
ending the European Union subsidies to help farmers sell their produce on world markets.
3.An EU senior official says they are prepared to name the date as part of a wider
deal.
4.The earliest possible date will be 2010, and 2013 will be the latest date if an
agreement is not reached on this meeting.
5.The United States trade representative Rob Portman says he is trying to be
accommodating, which means the United States will possibly accept the new date. News Item 2
The G20 have come up with a package of plans that add up to well over a trillion (万亿) dollars to tackle the recession.
One key component is an agreement to treble to seven hundred and fifty billion dollars the resources available to the International Monetary Fund for lending to countries in trouble.
They also want a tenfold* increase in what are called special drawing rights (特别提款权) which are rather like an IMF currency and which strengthen the foreign exchange reserves (外汇储备) of its member countries.
The G20 also plan closer regulation of financial firms with curbs*(控制) on executive pay and new oversight*(失察) of large hedge funds*(对冲基金).
The British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, described the summit as marking a
new consensus*(共识) on tackling global problems.
A: … about a new consensus reached by the G20 in tackling global problems.
B:
Total amount well over a trillion dollars
Resources available to to treble to seven hundred and fifty billion dollars
the IMF for lending
Special drawing rights increase a tenfold increase
Regulation on financial firms curbs on executive pay and new oversight of large
hedge funds
News Item 3
The conference opened to applause forty minutes late. It began with an environmental film from Danish children, a message from the next generation for those delegates whose decisions here over the next fortnight may help shape the lives they lead.
34,000 people have tried to get accredited*(公认的) for this extraordinary meeting — an unprecedented*(前所未有的) demand.
Hopes are high here that a deal can be done to lower emissions and raise cash to help poor countries adapt to climate change and obtain clean energy. The question is whether that agreement will be strong enough to meet the expectations of those children of the future.
A: … about the opening of Copenhagen (哥本哈根) climate summit.
B: F F T T F
Unit 3
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Girls score higher than boys in almost every country.
2.Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate.
3.Cultural and economic influences play an important part.
4.But recent findings suggest that the answer may lie in differences between the
male and female brain.
5.These include differences in learning rates.
1.几乎在所有的国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。
2.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。
3.文化和经济的影响起着重要作用。
4.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在于男女大脑的差异。
5.这些包括学习速度上的差异。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
three years desperate for romance serenader Renaissance music (文艺复兴时期的音乐) serenade
turned the serenade into an art form for hire men women men
theatre love songs white tie; tails
Italian songs chocolate hearts; flowers balcony
trees; fire escapes
whether a musician comes along or not ￡450
a gondola and a group of musicians burst into tears
avoid unpleasant situations completely misinterpreted
Part 2 passage Ex C: 1-8 T T F T F F T T
Section 3
News Item 1
The piracy problem looks like it's here to stay despite the recent muscular interventions (干预) by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn't clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates haven't been deterred.
So why does the problem persist? "Put it simply," maritime security analysts say. "Piracy will continue as long as the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the international effort to thwart* the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres."
The reluctance to mount* a major international naval operation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, nearly twenty-three thousand ships passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only 92 were hijacked. A: …about the Somali pirates’ strike.
B:
1.Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing
of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn’t clear.
2.No, the pirates haven’t been deterred.
3.Because the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and
Somalia remains so lawless.
4.At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the
area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometers.
5.It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.
News Item 2
The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option; it's not on the table. According to one White House source, he told the meeting that he wouldn't shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan or opt for a strategy of merely targeting al-Qaeda leaders. But he wouldn't be drawn on the military request for more troops.
There appears to be a frustration that the review of strategy has sometimes been portrayed in black-and-white terms of a massive increase or reduction of troop numbers.
President Obama told the group made up of the most senior Republican and Democrat senators and congressmen that his assessment would be "rigorous and deliberate". But it's going on too long for some Republicans and members of the President's own party are dubious* about committing more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight. The word "Vietnam" is heard more and more on Capitol Hill.
A: … about Obama’s military plan in Afghanistan.
B: F T T F F T
News Item 3
There were traffic jams on the road north, families heading to Gaza City to reunite with friends and relatives. Long lines of cars backed up at the makeshift* roadblocks the Israelis have left behind. But the tanks are gone, only the deep tracks remain.
There were buildings pitted with* Israeli tank rounds*; from the holes that have been punched in the walls it was clear there had also been snipers* waiting for them. North of Khan Younis we saw some of the Qassam fighters returning home, their rifles slung* lazily around their shoulders.
For three weeks the Israelis pounded the tunnels that run beneath the perimeter* wall but last night we met people who insist that some of these tunnels are still open and still some fuel is being pumped from the Egyptian side. If the border crossings remain close, say the Palestinians, these tunnels are their only link to the outside world.
A: … about fragile (脆弱的，易毁的)peace that returns to Gaza.
B:
traffic jams reunite with friends and relatives deep tracks
tank rounds waiting for returning home
tunnels open fuel only link Unit 4
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Clara Barton made a big difference in many lives.
2.She went to the fields of battle to nurse the wounded.
3.She wrote letters in support of an American Red Cross organization.
4.The United States Congress signed the World’s Treaty of the International Red
Cross.
5.Today her work continues to be important to thousands of people in trouble.
1.克拉拉·巴顿极大地改变了许多人的生活。
2.她前往战场护理伤员。
3.她写信支持建立美国红十字会组织。
4.美国国会签署了国际红十字公约。
5.今天，她的工作对于成千上万遭遇困难的人来说仍然很重要。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
1-5 A D C D A 6-11 B D A D A C
Part 2 passage
Ex C:
1872 literature leave find the ￡20-a-term fees 1906
one of the chief stewards hand a petition (请愿书) March 1909
two months stone throwing setting fire to pillar boxes
1913 ran out grab the bridle (缰绳) hit
fractured her skull died consciousness
Section 3
News Item 1
This morning in the Ingush capital of Nazran, local police were standing to atten-tion in the courtyard of their headquarters to receive their orders for the day, when a bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives into the gates of the building.
The blast set the building alight* destroying much of it and many of the vehicles parked there.
Local officials have warned that the number of dead could still rise as local apartment blocks were also hit and children were amongst the wounded. The bombing is one of the deadliest in months and damages the Kremlin's (克里姆林宫) claims that the Republic's new president is bringing the region under control.
The Ingush president Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, who was still convalescing* after surviving an assassination attempt in June, spoke about the attack this morning. He pointed the finger at the West saying that it was behind the blast. He said that western powers would never allow Russia to reclaim its status as a world power.
A: …about a bomb attack in Russia.
B:
Incident: …, a bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives…local police headquarters
were standing to attention receive their orders
Impact: …set the building alight the vehicles
bringing the region under control
The Ingush president’s claim: … the West blas t
reclaim its status as a world power
News Item 2
Malaysia's Prime Minister, Najib Razak, announced ambitious targets last week to tackle street crime. He wants a 20% fall by this time next year. Retired policemen are being brought back and members of Malaysia's people's volunteer corps* are be-ing enlisted* to fight on the frontline. They'll join police on street patrols.
The problem is though, most of the first batch* were not considered up to it. Of 500 volunteers who were sent for assessment, just 142 were fit enough. The rest were too fat, unfit or had what the head of the corps told an English language newspaper was poor overall presentation and grooming*. Corps members wear military uniforms but most of them are unpaid volunteers with limited powers.
Street crime, particularly mugging*, is seen as a serious problem in Malaysia's major cities.
The opposition has called for the country's top policeman to be replaced because of the failure to tackle the issue.
A: … about Malaysia’s street crime problem.
B:
1.Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Najib Razak, announced ambitious targets last week to
tackle street crime.
2.He wants a 20% fall by this time next year.
3.Retired policemen are being brought back and members of Malaysia’s people’s
volunteer corps are being enlisted to fight on the frontline. They’ll join police on street patrols.
4.Of 500 volunteers who were sent for assessment, just 142 were fit enough.
5.The rest were too fat, unfit or had poor overall presentation and grooming.
6.Street crime, particularly mugging, is seen as a serious problem in Malaysia’s
major cities.
7.The opposition has called for the country’s top policeman to be replaced because
of the failure to tackle the issue.
Unit 5
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Stocks, bonds, land—people invest in different things and for different reasons.
2.But all investors share the same goal.
3.They want to get more money out of their investment than they put into it.
4.The money they invest today provides capital for future growth in the economy.
5.Investors have to decide how much risk they are willing to take and for how long.
1.股票，债券，土地——人们由于不同原因进行不同的投资。
2.但是所有的投资者都有一个共同的目标。
3.他们希望通过投资获得比投入的资金更多的货币回报。
4.他们今天的投资为将来经济的发展提供了资金。
5.投资者必须决定自己在多长的时间范围内承受多大的风险。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue 1-8 D A D B B C A C
Part 2 passage Ex C: 1-8 B A D B B D C C
Section 3
News Item 1
Scientists have produced evidence showing dramatically that the current temperature rise there is highly unusual. For most of the last two thousand years, the Arctic slowly cooled, a consequence of variations in the Earth's orbit.
But over the last century, the cooling abruptly reversed, and the region is now warmer than at any tim e in the 2,000-year record. Writing in the journal Science, the researchers say this shows how quickly the Arctic responds to climatic changes.
A: …about the fact that Arctic is the warmest in two millennia.(两千年)
（millennium 一千年）News Item 2
The international conservation group, WWF, has accused European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers of contributing to global deforestation* by not using enough recycled material. A spokesman said more than a quarter of a million trees were in fact being flushed* down toilets or discarded as rubbish each day.
The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vast majority of products and said the fibers were instead being taken from natural forests in South Africa, Asia, Europe and across the Americas. Using virgin forest (未被砍伐的森林) to make toilet paper, says the report, is wasteful and unnecessary. The report also warns that illegal and unsustainable logging (伐木业)and conflicts over land rights still exist in many of these areas and that all but one of the companies have so far failed to take effective measures to prevent illegal or controversial timber from being
used in their products.
A: …about WWF’s accusation against European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers of contributing to global deforestation by not using enough recycled material.
B:
1.More than a quarter of a million trees are being discarded as tissue paper each day.
2.The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vast majority of
products by European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers.
3.The fibers are taken from natural forests in South Africa, Asia, Europe and across
the Americas.
4.Most of the companies have failed to take effective measures to prevent illegal or
controversial timber from being used in their products.
News Item 3
Scientists are warning that climate change could drive some species of migrating animals towards extinction. A report by European ornithologists* and zoologists (动物学家) says that birds, mammals and reptiles are finding it increasingly difficult to follow their usual migration patterns.
This report by ornithologists and zoologists warns that global warming will cause increasing problems for -many migrating species. For example, the spreading Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swallows to make their epic (壮观的) journey from Southern Africa, and rising sea levels will destroy many coastal habitats (海岸栖息地) for turtles and wading birds. The study even suggests that warmer oceans could lead to some turtle species becoming entirely female. The selection of sex is closely linked to sea temperature.
A: …about the warnings from scientists that climate change can drive some species of migrating animals towards extinction.
B:
Findings: Climate change can drive some species of migrating animals towards extinction.
Reason: … difficult to f ollow their usual migration patterns.
Example: 1. The spreading Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swallows to make their epic journey from Southern Africa.
2. Rising sea levels will destroy many coastal habitats for turtles
and wading birds.
3. Warmer oceans could lead to some turtle species becoming
entirely female.
Unit 6
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Blogs are being used more and more by teachers.
2.Many Internet services now offer free and easy ways to create personal Web
pages.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca13721104.html,cators did not become involved with blogging right away.
4.Many were concerned with privacy issues and security.
5.But now, thousands of teacher blogs can be found on the Internet.
1.老师们对于博客的使用越来越多。
2.现在很多因特网服务商都提供免费、便捷的制作个人网页的方式。
3.教育工作者并不是从一开始就涉足博客的。
4.很多人担心隐私和安全问题。
5.但是现在在因特网上可以找到成千上万个教师博客网页。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue 1-6 T F F T T F 7-12 F T F T F T
Part 2 passage
Ex C: Explain the following terms
1)Appreciation: Understanding the other side’s point of view, finding merit in their
ideas and communicating your understanding.
2)Affiliation:Try to build genuine connections with the other side as human
beings, not merely as adversaries.
3)Autonomy: The recognition that both you and the other side are free to affect or
make decisions.
4)Status:Competing over status is a dead end. Appreciating the status of both
sides leads to the mutual respect necessary for a successful negotiation.
5)Role:Don’t needlessly limit yourself. The activities in your work and
negotiations can often be expanded to be more fulfilling and meaningful. Section 3
News Item 1
Several years ago Edgar and Nina Otto froze the DNA of their dog, Lancelot. When he died last year, the couple were devastated (使垮掉)and they decided to get a clone produced by a South Korean laboratory.
The biotech (生物技术) firm Best Friends Again claim that Lancelot Encore, as they've named the new puppy (小狗), is the world's first commercially cloned dog. The laboratory in South Korea, BioArts, includes a scientist that lost his research professorship at Seoul University in 2004, after fraudulently* claiming he'd cloned human embryos*(胚胎) and stem cells*(干细胞).
The new owners here in Florida say they're happy with their new dog and don't plan to clone any others.
It's thought that between three and four million unwanted dogs(流浪狗)are killed at shelters across the US every year.
A: …about the world’s first commercially cloned dog.
B: F T F F T
News Item 2
Five years ago President Bush set out his lofty vision (极高的设想)of sending astronauts back to the Moon by the year 2020. It was meant to be the staging post*(中转站) for the next frontier —a manned landing on Mars. Now a panel of space experts says that's pretty much pie in the sky*(空想的计划).
Their report, commissioned by President Obama, says the current US human spaceflight programme appears to be on an unsustainable trajectory*. It suggests the only way forward is to increase the funding of NASA (美国国家航空航天局) by billions of dollars, or to cooperate with private companies now embarking on commercial space flights.
The panel says visits to Near-Earth Objects such as asteroids* are far more realistic too. The experts also argue for keeping the International Space Station going till 2020, rather than pulling the plug in six years' time.
A: … about US future space travel.
B:
lofty vision Moon 2020 the Moon manned landing pie in the sky
spaceflight programme unsustainable trajectory increase the funding
cooperate with commercial space flights
asteroids far more realistic
keep the International Space Station going pulling the plug
News Item 3
The study looked at nearly 400 men who developed Alzheimer's* disease. It as-sessed the time they spent in full-time education, the type of work they did and the point at which they retired.
The researchers detected no link between the onset*(发作) of dementia*(痴呆) and education or occupation. But they found that every extra year at work was associated with a six-week delay in Alzheimer's. They say this points to the value of keeping the brain active by working.
They also acknowledge that the nature of retirement is changing, and for some people it may be as intellectually stimulating as working. The Alzheimer's Research Trust, which funded the study, says more people than ever retire later in life to
avert*(避免) financial hardship, but there may be a silver lining*(一线希望): lower dementia risk. However it says much more research is needed in order to understand how to delay or prevent dementia.
A: … about the research that shows working protects against dementia.
B:
1.The study looked at nearly 400 men who developed Alzheimer’s disease. It
assessed the time they spent in full-time education, the type of work they did and the point at which they retired.
2.No, the researchers detected no link between the onset of dementia and education
or occupation.
3.Every extra year at work was associated with a six week delay in Alzheimer’s.
4.To lower dementia risk.
5.Much more research is needed in order to understand how to delay or prevent
dementia.
Unit 7
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Each year, more than two million weddings take place in the United States.
2.More than 80,000 million dollars is spent on those weddings.
3.And that does not include honeymoon travel for the newlyweds.
4.An old tradition says brides should wear something old, something new,
something borrowed and something blue.
5.These four things are supposed to bring good luck.
1.每年在美国有两百多万对新人结婚。
2.这些婚庆要花去八百多亿美元。
3.这还不包括新人的蜜月旅行。
4.根据一项古老的传统，新娘在结婚那天必须穿戴一样旧的东西、一样新的东
西、一样借来的东西和一样蓝色的东西。
5.据说这四样东西可以带来好运。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
raw fish hanging pick up ask for these things
quantities did with these things
odd didn’t have a car how much the bus fares were what number of bus
listen to it shake it ―sell-by‖ date listen to same result nature what they eat
great pride Tailoring (成衣业) Chinese community garments (服装)
absolutely, perfectly fitting Hairdressing(理发业) go in
sit there for a quick hair wash massage your head completely for about
10 minutes
a wonderful experience quite hard system nervous experience how people live on a daily basis
get into the way that the people who live in that country permanently exist
Part 2 passage
Ex C: 1-4 A B C D 5-8 D C D B
Section 3
News Item 1
Many hunters from fishing communities in eastern Canada didn't even bother taking their boats out for this year's seal hunt. The market price for a seal pelt* is around 12 US dollars, a steep decline from a peak of 100 dollars a pelt a few years ago. The seal quota* (配额) had been set at 273,000, but this year those who ventured out barely took 70,000.
The depressed value of the Russian rouble(卢布) and the subsequent erosion of one of Canada's largest markets for seal products is partially to blame for the decline in numbers.
But it's clear that the prospect of a European Union ban on seal products and growing international disdain* (鄙视)for the hunt is becoming a major factor in its near collapse. The European parliament passed the ban in May, but it still needs the backing of EU governments.
The annual kill has been a source of critical seasonal income for fishing com-munities already hit hard by dwindling fish stocks(渔业资源). But some here are wondering if this could be the beginning of the end for the centuries-old practice.
A: …about the decline of this year’s seal hunt in Canada .
B:
1.Because of the sharp decline of market price for seal pelts.
2.100 dollars
3.The depressed value of the Russian rouble and the subsequent erosion of one of
Canada’s largest markets for seal products, is partially to blame for the decline in
numbers.
4.The prospect of a European Union ban on seal products and growing international
disdain for the hunt is becoming a major factor in its near collapse.
5.The European parliament passed the ban in May.
News Item 2
The producer price index is a measurement of prices paid for produced or manufactured items here in the United States. And this number came out today indicating a growth that was greater than we've seen dating back to 1990 and it also tends to reflect the growth in the consumer price index (消费价格指数)that we saw on Friday. That also indicated that the inflation is heating up(加剧) and it is higher than we've seen since January of 1991. And now investors are worried that the Fed* could have to be more aggressive about raising interest rates to slow inflation which in fact might end up slowing corporate earnings (公司收益).
A: … about the produce price index and its indications for economy.
News Item 3
In Germany, 40,000 farmers have been protesting over plans to cut their subsidies(补贴) which they receive for growing sugar beet*. The farmers are arguing that a better deal for sugar farmers in Africa is going to cost them their livelihoods.
Back in June the European Union agreed to reduce by almost 40% the guaran-teed price currently paid to Europe's sugar producers. This move (对策) came off the years of campaigning by less developed countries who argued that their own sugar industries were being adversely affected by the distortions in the world market caused by European subsidies. Not surprisingly perhaps the EU plan has proved very unpopular with Europe's own sugar beet growers. Germany's Food Industry Union said the plan would spoil the ante*(预付款) of 46,000 sugar beet farmers and threaten more than 26,000 employees in the sugar industry.
A: …about the dispute over the cut of government subsidies the European farmers receive for growing sugar beet.
B:
1.The German farmers are arguing that a better deal for sugar farmers in Africa is
going to cost them their livelihoods.
2.The European Union agreed to reduce by almost 40% the guaranteed price
currently paid to Europe’s sugar producers.
3.They argued that their own sugar industries were being adversely affected by the
distortions in the world market caused by European subsidies.
4.The EU plan has unsurprisingly proved very unpopular with Europe’s sugar beet
growers.
5.Germany’s Food Industry Union said the plan would spoil the ante of 46,000
sugar beet farmers and threaten more than 26,000 employees in the sugar industry.
Unit 8
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.The oldest of American’s baby boomers are 60 years old this year.
2.The United States and many other industrialized countries have a growing retiree
population and are expecting that growth to continue.
3.By the time this generation reaches the traditional retirement age of 65, they will
represent 20 percent of the US population.
4.Baby boomers have a higher rate of home ownership than the national average
and one out of four own more than one property.
5.Many boomers feel they are in good health and believe they will live longer and
be happier if they continue to be active.
1.年龄最大的一批在美国二战后生育高峰出生的人今年将满六十岁。
2.美国和许多工业化国家的退休人口都在增长，而这种增长预计还将持续。
3.当这一代人到达传统退休年龄——65岁时，他们的人数将占美国人口的百分
之二十。
4.战后生育高峰年代出生的人拥有住房的比例高于全国平均水平，其中四分之
一的人拥有一处以上的房产。
5.很多战后生育高峰年代出生的人觉得自己现在还很健康，并且相信如果继续
保持积极的心态，他们将更加长寿，生活得更愉快。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
1-6 T F T F F T 7-12 F T T T T T
Part 2 passage
Ex C: 1-5 C C D B D
Section 3
News Item 1
New research comparing the different ways that babies are reared (抚养)suggests there is chemical evidence to support the view that those deprived of affection when young find later life much harder to cope with. The research was conducted by the US National Academy of Sciences (美国国家科学院).
The researchers say it was a very rare opportunity for them to have access to a group of young children who had been brought up very early in life in an orphanage (孤儿院) before being taken in by families. In the orphanage the children utterly lacked the kind of physical affection they should have experienced. By comparison with their family-raised peers, they had very depressed levels of the hormone arginine vasopressin*, which plays a key role in regulating stress and managing social interac-
tions (社会交往). And they reacted far less when cuddled (抚爱的拥抱)by their adoptive parents as indicated by levels of the relaxing hormone oxytocin*.
A: …about a research which has found chemical evidence to support the view that those deprived of affection when young find later life much harder to cope with .
B:
Hypothesis: Children deprived of affection when young find later life much harder to cope with
Method: an orphanage being taken in by families with their family-raised peers
Findings: 1. very depressed regulating stress and managing social interactions
2. far less cuddled adoptive parents relaxing News Item 2
There is quite a party going on outside this London bookshop. Some teenagers have even traveled over from the Netherlands to join the British young and not so young, so enchanted (入迷)by the Harry Potter publishing phenomenon that they are willing to stay up half the night to mark the arrival of the latest book in the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. But it's not just the fans who are excited about the newest Potter tale. For Bloomsbury, the books' publishers, the author J. K. Rowling is proving to be a goose laying golden egg after golden egg. The previous five books in the series have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide and have been translated into 62 languages. Bloomsbury have raised their profit forecast to 35 million dollars for this year. With merchandising (文化衍生品) and movies, there has been an interesting wider impact on the publishing industry According to Lesley Miles, marketing director of the book chain Waterstones, there has been a 10-fold increase (增加10倍)in children's book publishing across the board (普遍), and that's largely thanks to Potter.
A: …about the success o f Harry Potter series and its impact on the publishing industry.
B:
1.Because the Harry Potter fans are waiting for the arrival of the latest book in the
series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
2.They are people from different parts of Britain, including the young and not so
young, and some teenagers who have traveled over from the Netherlands.
3.Bloomsbury, the books’ publishers, are also excited about the newest Potter tale.
4.Bloomsbury’s profit forecast is 35 million dollars for this year.
5.The previous five books in the series have sold more than 250 million copies
worldwide and have been translated into 62 languages.
6.According to Lesley Miles, marketing director of the book chain Waterstones,
there has been a 10-fold increase in children’s book publishing across the board, and that’s largely thanks to Potter.
News Item 3
Slumdog Millionaire (平民窟的百万富翁) is based on the popular game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" and stars several high-profile (引人注目的) Bollywood actors whose performances delighted the judges. The country is now in euphoric* mood and Indians are thrilled with the film's success.
The winners of the Golden Globes (金球奖) are often seen as favorites to win at the Oscars, and Indians now have their hopes pinned on (寄托希望) further success when nominations (提名) for the Oscars are announced on January the 22nd.
But it's the film's composer, AR Rehman, who's the toast* of Bollywood. Even with all his talent, he had never won an international award of such standing before. The film's codirector, Loveleen Tandon, said Mr Rehman had made India proud. Ir-rfan Khan, one of the film's leading actors, told the BBC it had been a long time in coming but that Mr Rehman's Golden Globe had made them very happy.
A: … about Slumdog Millionaire, the winner of the Golden Globe.
B: T F F F T T
Unit 9
Section 1
Listening and Translation
1.Supermarkets are big stores that provide a wide choice of foods and other
products.
2.Since 2000, Americans have bought more organic food from supermarkets than
from any other kind of store.
3.In the United States, traditional supermarkets are facing competition from even
bigger stores.
4.They are also facing competition from stores with more choices of fresh, natural
foods.
5.New competitors are winning business because they are even larger than
supermarkets and they have lower prices.
1.超市是那些能够提供大量可供选择的食品和其他商品的大型商场。
2.自从2000年以来，美国人从超市里购买的有机食品比从其他类型的商场里购
买的要多。
3.在美国，传统的超市正面临着来自更大的商场的竞争。
4.它们还面临这来自那些能提供更多新鲜、天然的食品品种商店的竞争。
5.新的竞争对手正在经营中取胜，因为它们比超市更大，价格更便宜。
Section 2
Part 1 Dialogue
Name: David Jones
Department: Accounts
Nature of business: To attend a one-day course on Computer Programming
Place: The Technical College in Westhampton (西安普敦)
Date:9th-10th May
1. 9th train from London to Westhampton ￡18.5
2. the Park Hotel (bed and breakfast) ￡36
3. dinner at the Park Hotel ￡12
4. 10th lunch at the Tech ￡2.5
5. the ―Crown‖ hotel (bed and breakfast) ￡15
6. dinner at the ―Crown‖ hotel ￡4.5
Total ￡88.5
Description
cheap day returns trade fair full with people from overseas longer do some work on the computer
give me a lift home broke down walk back about two miles to a village
Part 2 passage
Ex C: 1-4 A C D B 5-8 A A C D
Section 3
News Item 1
For years evidence has been mounting that night working causes ill health, from disturbed sleep patterns to increased accidents. But these are the first government payments to women who've developed breast cancer after long spells(一段工作时间) on the night-shift. Ulla Mahnkopf, a former flight attendant (乘务员), is one of them:
(Ulla Mahnkopf) "I wouldn't fly for that many years, I wouldn't, definitely not. Because it's cancer you can die from, so I'd like to stay alive."
The Danish authorities acted following a decision by the International Agency for Research and Cancer. The agency, part of the UN World Health Organisation, now ranks night working as a probable cancer risk, just one category below known carcinogens* (致癌物质)like asbestos*.
Union leaders have told Radio Scotland, the investigation programme, that the UK government isn't doing enough to deal with the dangers. The Health and Safety Executive says it's commissioned its own study but its conclusions aren't expected for another two years.
听力教程答案施心远— HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
U n i t1 1.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。 2.费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。 3.有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。 4.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。 5.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背负沉重的债务从大学毕业。 News Item 1 A: …about China’s ambitious space program. B: 1. Landing spot: in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia 2. Significance: a source of national pride and international prestige (威望) Future plan 1. 1) Time: 2007 2) Goal: The astronauts will attempt a space walk. 2. Focus of further development: the capability to rendezvous and dock with other spacecraft 3. Recruitment of astronauts: to recruit female astronauts in the near future. News Item 2 There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property* sector* is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies* for purchases of small vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need government support. Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power generation and automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for the first time since February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport. A: … about the growth of China’s economy. News Item 3 A: … about China’s large and growing trade with and aid to Africa. B： 1.In many African capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been built with Chinese aid money. 2.It is estimated that Sino-African trade, and aid, amounts to as high as 12 billion dollars a year. 3.The links between China and Africa could grow to challenge the post- colonial links between Europe and Africa. 4.On the meeting in Addis Ababa, China promised to cancel debts, grant duty-free access into China for African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.
听力课程4 unit 1-3 听力原文+生词+答案 Book 4 unit 1 Tactics for listening 1.A college education can be very costly in the United States. 2.Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for a college. 3.There are different federal loans and private loans for students. 4.Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st. 5.There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt. Listening comprehension Dialogue Social grouping 原文 F:Right ,you are talking about social groupings here. Could you tell us something about the ways animals form into groups? M:Yes,many many animals are very solitary animals. The only times they get together is when they mate or when they are bringing up
A Listening Course 4 施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)答案 Unit 3 Section One: Tactics for Listening Part 1: Listening and Translation score higher than boys in almost every country. 几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。 2. Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate. 男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。 3. Cultural and economic influences play an important part.. 文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。 4. But recent findings suggest that the answer may lie in differences between the male and female brain. 但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。 5. These include differences in learning rates. 这些包括学习速度上的差异。 Section Two Listening Comprehension Part 1 Dialogue Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with the missing information. Serenading Service was founded three years ago when the singer
Unit 3 Section One Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent 1. A: Do you want some grapes? B: No, thanks, I don’t like them. 2. A: What do you think of Scotland? B: I’ve never been there. 3. A: My son’s called David. B: How old is she? 4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please? B: Certainly. How many is it for? A: There’ll be three of them. 5. A: Can you get some cornflakes? B: Do you want a large or small packet? A: A small one. 1. A: a. want b. grapes B: a. like b. them 2. A: a think b. Scotland B: a. been b. there 3. A: a. call b. David B: a. old b. he 4. A: a. book b. tonight B: a. certainly b. many A: a. three b. them 5. A: a. get b. cornflakes B: a. large or small b. packet A: a. small b. one Part 2 Listening and Note-taking A Territory When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals. First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modem terms are known as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often
Keys to Unit 11 Section I 1.“国家成人读写能力评估”是检测美国成年人阅读能力的一项主要测试。 2.该测试检测的是参加者阅读和理解日常生活信息的能力 3.这项调查发现有1,100万，即百分之五的成年人看不懂英语。 4.研究人员说，问题的部分原因在于很多美国年轻人作为消遣所进行的阅读已经不 太多了。 5.人们发现阅读水平高的人比那些不具备阅读能力的人的年收入多28,000美元。 Section II Dialogue Great leaders in history: military chiefs/ national heroes/ dreaded tyrants see these so-called great leaders in the same light spiritual leaders Characteristics: what they want to achieve lose sight of their objectives/ work towards them/ what obstacles they may come up against the end justifies the means the will of the people/ improve their lot be successful
Passage 1.Going to the library or locking yourself in your room with no aim other than reading for a predetermined time is likely to lead to boredom. 2.One way round this problem when you encounter it is to set yourself really small and manageable reading tasks. 3.The task should be one that is useful towards your final aim of getting your essay or paper or dissertation written, or revising for your exam. 4.In devising such tiny but “do-able” tasks for yourself you are using your creativity, making the reading a personal task to you and breaking a large endeavor up into small and attainable steps. 5.Often the motivation supplied by an assignment or essay will help you to focus your reading in helpful ways. T T T F T F T F Ex.2 1) We can set ourselves a particular period of time in which to assess the relevance of a number of books or articles for our purposes, to understand an important but difficult argument and to locate material in and take notes about a source that we have good reasons to believe can help us to answer a particular question. 2)To get started with reading should not be difficult. And once you have made a beginning, the next day or the next time you come to this
Keys to Unit 10 Section I 1.今年秋季，美国一些最好的大学的新生录取率反常地低。 2.大学的招生官员说，主要原因是高三学生申请报考的大学数量比往年多。 3.很多报考顶尖学校的学生被列入等候批准的申请人名单。 4.他们的申请结果要等学校知道有多少已经被录取的申请人同以前来报到后才能知 道。 5.招生官员说引入等候批准的申请人名单机制是因为很难知道究竟哪些申请人真的 希望进入他们的学校。 Section II Dialogue D B B C D A C A Passage 1.When planning your room’s interior design or décor you need to first consider the room layout and how you want your home furnishings to be placed. 2.For those of you who are computer savvy and technical you can also use computer software to plan your interior design. You can download programs off the internet or purchase software. 3.Start with a predominant color and add one or more accent colors. A monochromatic room color scheme would use one predominant color
Unit Two Section 1 Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics Exercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape~ Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. Woman: Good evening. Man: Good evening. Can you ( 1 ) make up this prescription, please? Woman: Certainly. (2) Would you like to wait? Man: How long (3) will it take? Woman: (4)It'll be ready in twenty minutes. Man: Oh, (5) I'll come back later. Woman: All right, sir, Man: (6) Shall I pay now or later? Woman: (7) Later'll be all right. Part 2 Listening and Note-taking Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and take notes. Exercise B: Use the information from your notes to mark the places and streets mentioned in the conversation on the sketch map. Man: Excuse me. How can I get to the station please? Woman: The station, the station, the station ...let me see. Ah, yes. You can go down ... no. Go straight on until you come to a cinema. Let's see now-- that's the second turn on your right. The cinema's on the corner. Turn right at the cinema and you'll be in Bridge Street. I think it's Bridge Street. Go along Bridge Street for a few minutes and then take the second -- no, not the second, the first, that's fight, the first turning. On your left. The station is straight ahead, right in front of you. Man: So that's second right and first left. Thank you very much. That's very kind of you. Woman: Don't mention it. go up vs. go down Go up上坡，往北，从小地方往大地方（如城市，尤其是首都） Go down下坡，往南，从大地方往小地方（如农村） Go up: 1) go up to a place: go to college, go to the town/capital . He will go up to Cambridge next term. 2) go up to sb.向。。。走去/靠近
施心远主编《听力教程》1-(第2版)Unit-12听力原文和答案
Unit 12 Section One Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics Exercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. [Sound of busy street] Jeff: Hi, Carl, (I) What’s up? Carl: Hey, Jeff. We're (2) on our way to see that new comedy Running From the Mob. Want to (3) go with us? Jeff: I (4) hear it's really funny. Carl: Yeah, it's got a lot of good (5) people in it. Should be great. Let's go. Jeff: Ah, I (6) wish I could, but I've got to study. Carl: Well, maybe next time. You're (7) missing a good thing. Jeff: I know. (8) Got to go. See you. Carl: Bye. Part 2 Listening and Note-Taking TAPESCRIPT Exercise: Complete the passages as you listen to it. The (1) first thing I do at the office is to (2) open all the boss’s letters,
A Liste ning Course 4 施心远主编《听力教程》4 （第2版）答案 Unit 2 Secti on One: Tactics for Liste ning Part 1: Listening and Translation 1. Girls score higher tha n boys in almost every coun try. 几乎在所有国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。 2. Differences between males and females are a continuing issue of fierce debate. 男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。 3. Cultural and econo mic in flue nces play an importa nt part.. 文化和经济影响起着重要的作用。 4. But rece nt findings suggest that the an swer may lie in differe nces betwee n the male and female brai n. 但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在男女大脑的差异。 5. These in clude differe nces in lear ning rates. 这些包括学习速度上的差异。 Secti on Two Liste ning Comprehe nsion Part 1 Dialogue
Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and filling the blanks with the miss ing in formati on. Seren adi ng Service was foun ded three years ago whe n the sin ger realize that British people were desperate for roma nee. He thought there would be a elientele for a hired serenader . The idea came from his studies of Renaissanee music , which is full of serenades. Over the eenturies, university students have turned the sere nade into an art form for hire ______ . Usually he is hired by men to si ng love songs to women Occasi on ally he is asked to sing to men The service is really a form of in timate alfresco theatre with love songs. Heusually wears a white tie a nd tails a nd sings amorous Italian songs. He will carry chocolate hearts or flowers a nd whe nthere is no bale ony available he will si ng from trees or fire escapes ! The fee depends on whether a musician comes along or not. The basic rate is ￡ 450 but it can cost a lot more especially if he takes a gondola and a group of musicians along. Someoeople are so moved that they burst in to tears , but some react badly. They try to find out as much as they can about their clients to avoid unpleasant situations . They have to be very careful
Unit 1 Section One Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent 1. We haven’t got any in dark blue. 2. We can’t make it at nine tomorrow. 3. My telephone number is not 65031609. 4. I don’t like the black jumper. 5. He won’t come by the 7:30 train. (The word or digit in bold has the most stress)
Exercise:
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. b
Part2 Listening and Note-talking Driving Carefully
Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets, when you see a bus stopped, or near a parked mobile shop. Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them.
Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm,
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 UNIT 1 Section One Part 1 Spot Dictation Houses in the Future Well, I think houses in the future will probably be (1) quite small but I should think they'll be (2) well-insulated so that you don't need so much (3) heating and (4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical (5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country, perhaps we (7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of (8) electronic gadgets: things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up ... the screen (9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes, you'll have things like (10) garage doors which open automatically when you (11) drive up,
Keys to Unit 12 Section I 1.急救是一种在专业医疗救护到达之前对意外伤害或事故的受害者所进行的医疗救 护。 2.知道如何在紧急情况下进行急救，可能就意味着一个人的生死。 3.一种称为心肺复苏的急救方法，简称CPR，可以挽救心脏病、溺水和休克病人的 生命。 4.在美国，CPR训练包括使用防护布或面罩覆盖嘴巴。 5.这有助于防止在做口对口复苏急救时传播疾病。 Section II Dialogue D A B C D C D D Passage 1.Life expectancy at birth in the United States in 1901 was 49 years while at the end of the century it increased to 77 years. 2.Psychologists found that people who entertained positive thoughts regarding themselves and their future health lived seven years longer than those with negative attitudes. 3.We tend to regard medical disorders as the cause of poor health or shortened lifespan, but, really, their significance is small when compared to the impact of the psychological factors on health. 4.Exercise, weight loss or non-smoking can increase the lifespan. Another avenue to rejuvenation is through creativity. 5.The US Census Bureau predicted that the USA would eventually have 5.3 million people aged over 100 in 2100. F T T T T T F T Ex.2 1 It increased from 49 in the year 1901 to 77 at the end of the century, an increase of 57%. 2 In human history, preventing early deaths is the main cause of the increase in life expectancy. 3 We get older because of three things: aging of arteries, dysfunction of the immune system, and accidents and environmental hazards. 4 He/she could potentially feel as young as a 44-year-old. 5 The mainstream view is that life expectancy in the US will be in the mid-80s by the year 2050 (up from 77 today) and will top out eventually in the low 90s. Section III Item 1: A.a serious snowstorm that hit New York City, US. 96 kilometers an hour/localized drifting/68.3 centimeters/blizzard/1869 1) The road network in many places is impassable. 2) Most of the airports in the region have been closed, with hundreds of flights cancelled. 3) Passengers on transatlantic flights
Unit 12 Section One T actics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics Exercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. [Sound of busy street] Jeff: Hi, Carl, (I) What’s up? Carl: Hey, Jeff. We're (2) on our way to see that new comedy Running From the Mob. Want to (3) go with us? Jeff: I (4) hear it's really funny. Carl: Y eah, it's got a lot of good (5) people in it. Should be great. Let's go. Jeff: Ah, I (6) wish I could, but I've got to study. Carl: Well, maybe next time. Y ou're (7) missing a good thing. Jeff: I know. (8) Got to go. See you. Carl: Bye. Part 2 Listening and Note-Taking TAPESCRIPT Exercise: Complete the passages as you listen to it. The (1) first thing I do at the office is to (2) open all the boss?s letters, I (3) answer the easy ones and I (4) leave the difficult ones on the (5)
Unit3 Section One Tactics for Listening Part2 Listening and Note-taking A Territory When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals. First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modem terms are known as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor. Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they're in someone else's house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door -- the first signals of family territory -- they are in an area which does not belong to them. They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people's belongings -- from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them. Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won't be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can't have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don't look at or talk to anyone around us. Exercise A: 1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. 2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country. 3. People behave differently when they're in someone else's house.