语法：连词Link words
连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。
一．并列连词：连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。
1. 并列关系：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor…
I used to live in Paris and London.
Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing.
The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot.
She is not only kind but also honest.
2. 转折关系：but, yet, while(然而), when(然而，偏偏)
The car is very old but it runs very fast.
The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.
The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.
Why did you borrow the book when you had one?
3. 选择关系：or, not…but…, either…or…,
Would you like to live or would you like to stay?
He is not a teacher but a writer.
You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.
4. 因果关系：for
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.
5. 区别
（1）and和or
1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
典型例题
---I don’t like chicken ___ fish.---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and；and
B. and；but
C. or；but
D. or；and
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。
判断改错：
(错) We will die without air and water.
(错) We can’t live without air or water.
(对) We will die without air or water.
(对) We can’t live without air and water.
(2) 表示选择的并列结构
1) or意思为"否则"。
I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam.
2) either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
(3) 表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折，while表示对比。
Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例题
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?--- I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2) not…but…意思为"不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
(4) 表原因关系
1) for
判断改错：
(错) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill.
for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn’t play in the game.
注意：
a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV, and /or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn’t play in the game.
b. although…yet…，但although不与but连用。
(错)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
(5) 注意：
not only…but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
(6) 比较so和such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数]such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money.such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于many，但a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。
二．从属连词：指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：
引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as
引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as
引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)
引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, as (so) long as
引导结果状语从句的：so, so that, so … that …, such … that …
引导目的状语从句的：so, so that …, in order that …
引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so (as), as, than
引导方式状语从句的：as, as if …, as though
引导地点状语从句的：where，wherever
引导名词性从句（主语，宾语、表语或同位语从句）的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。
（一）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别
1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：
①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是延续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于“at the time that”, “during the time that”。
例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；
②when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“at the time”，when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以是延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。
例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（不能用while）
He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）
③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。
例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37.
④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。
例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man.
She’ll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary.
⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’ll come when (if) I’m free.
2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；
Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。
3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not …until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。
例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark.
They didn’t talk（延续）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came.
He didn’t go to bed（非延续）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing.
Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，
以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。
4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：
①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。
例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；
②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。
例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.
5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：
①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。
例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although，
例如：Even though I didn’t understand a word, I dept smiling.
③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。
例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.
6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。
例如：I don’t believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)
7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。
例如：He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He’ll accept the job if the sa lary is not too low.)
8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。
例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：
①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。
例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./
The question is whether we can finish the task on time./
The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided.
②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven’t decided whether to leave or not.
③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。
例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./
Whether he will come, I am not sure.
④whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），
例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/
I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与whether、if 分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。
例如：I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./
I don’t know whether or not they will come.
⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。
例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.
10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。
①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。
例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.
②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.
③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.
④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.
连词while是高考一个命题的热点，你知道其考点主要涉及哪些方面吗？
一、考查表示时间的用法，其意为“当……的时候”。如：
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
Stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时站着不要动。
Have we got enough books to read while we are on holiday? 假期里我们有足够的书看吗?
Were there any calls for me while I was out? 我出去的时候，有人来过电话吗?
She hates anyone listening while she is telephoning. 她打电话时不愿让任何人听。
二、考查表示让步的用法，其意为“尽管”“虽然”。如：
While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 虽然工作有难度，但很有趣。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
三、考查表示对比的用法，其意为“而”“但”。如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹。
I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。
Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 物价飞涨而收入却远远落后。
注：这样用时，while引出的句子通常位于末，但有时也可位于句首。如：
While most children learn to read easily, some need extra help. 大多数儿童学会阅读很容易，有一些儿童却需要特别帮助。
While Deauville is a holiday resort, Trouville is more of a working town. 特维尔是个度假胜地，而特鲁维尔更多的却是个工业城市。
四、考查其省略用法，即主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有动词be时，通常可省略从句主语和动词be。如：
While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了第一部小说。
He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小时候就离开家到处流浪了。
He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他做着做着功课就睡着了。
I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while (I was) preparing some food. 我正在做吃的东西，没太留心听收音机。【考点实训】
1. She just sits there reading her story book, _________ I do all the work.
A. until
B. while
C. because
D. though
2. Their economy has expanded enormously, _________ ours, by contrast, has declined.
A. while
B. unless
C. in case
D. which
3. Could you watch my bags for me, _________ I go to the toilet?
A. though
B. unless
C. what
D. while
4. The professor is typing his own letters _________ his secretary is ill.
A. what
B. which
C. if
D. while
5. She said she was going to the shops and asked me whether I wanted anything _________ she was out.
A. though
B. while
C. which
D. before
6. Tea is the most popular drink, _________coffee comes second.
A. since
B. until
C. what
D. while
7. Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, _______ those in the south are relatively poor.
A. since
B. before
C. while
D. because
8. It is no accident that men fill most of the top jobs in nursing, _______ women remain on the lower grades.
A. after
B. since
C. while
D. which
9. _________ trying to open the can, I cut my hand.
A. Though
B. Because
C. For
D. While
10. Some people prefer a vegetarian diet, _________ others prefer a meat-based diet.
A. though
B. while
C. which
D. for
11. He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door _________ he read the message.
A. while
B. before
C. after
D. which
12. Now’s the time to buy a car, _________ the interest rates are low.
A. but
B. which
C. while
D. until
13. The couple took good care of the baby _________ occupied by their work.
A. while
B. after
C. which
D. since
14. How did you spend your time _________ you were on holiday?
A. although
B. while
C. which
D. since
15. Because Jane had once had a bad accident _________ driving, she was afraid to try it again.
A. though
B. unless
C. for
D. while
（以上答案均是while）
改错题
1.连词
(1) I'm sorry, and I won't be able to come tonight.
(2) He is not only a football player and also a famous writer.
(3) What he said at the meeting was either important nor true.
(4) You must get up early tomorrow, for I will go there alone.
(5) Without both money or talent, science would progress slowly.
(6) Though we got very tired, but we didn't stop working in the factory.
(7) Where Peter goes, he is welcome.
(8) You'll miss the train until you hurry up.
(9) If you are there or not doesn't matter much.
(10)The book is interesting so it has many stories of adventure.
(ll)You won't know the value of health after you lose it.
(12)Our flight from Beijing to London was delayed because the heavy fog.
(13)Read the text slowly so you may understand the story better.
(14)Do you know how Jane is getting on well with her classmates?
(15)For you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?
(16)It was already ten o'clock that we got to the park yesterday morning.
(17)We know nothing about the man besides that he is from London.
(18) Teachers should have patience, so children would never learn anything.
(19)My brother is in favour of playing football, when my sister insisted on swimming.
(20)The reason why Michael has made such great progress is because he has never wasted his time.
2.强调句
(1) Where was it she found her lost necklace?
(2) It is the people who is really powerful.
(3) It were Tim and Jim who cleaned the room.
(4) There is not everybody that can draw so well.
(5) Bob hoped it would be him who would be invited.
(6) It is at the gate where she will be waiting for me.
(7) It was the first newspaper which was printed on a moving train.
(8) It was because the bus broke down on the way to the station we missed the train.
(9) Is it Tom that you saw yesterday?
(10) It was noon that we got to the small village.
1.连词
(1) 答案：and改为but，I'm sorry，but．．是一个固定说法。
(2) 答案：and改为but; not only．．．but also．．．，固定搭配。
(3)答案：either改为neither，neither．．．nor．．．，“既不……也不……”。
(4)答案：for改为or, 否则，符合句意。
(5)答案：or改为and，both．．．and．．．固定搭配。
(6)答案：去掉but，though不能跟but连用。
(7)答案：Where改为Wherever，Wherever引导让步状语从句，“无论彼得到哪里”。(8)答案：until改为unless，unless＝if hot除非，如果不，符合句意。
(9)答案：If改为Whether．在句首引导名词性从句，用whether不用if.
(10)答案：so改为because，because引导原因状语从句，符合句意。
(ll)答案：after改为until，not．．．until，直到……才。
(12)答案：because后加of. because of后加名词、代词作宾语。
(13)答案：so后加that，so that引导目的状语从句。
(14)答案：how改为that that引导一个宾语从句，或去掉well，由how引导宾语从句。
(15)答案：For改为Since．for引导的并列分句不能放在句首。
(16)答案：that改为when．这不是一个强调名型，it指时间；when引导一个时间状语从句。
(17)答案：besides改为except．besides，除……之外还有；except，除……之外。
(18)答案：so改为or／otherwise．or／otherwise，否则。
(19)答案：when改为while．while而，然而。
(20)答案：because改为that．The reason is that．．．，that引导表语从句，解释、说明reason的内容。2.强调句
(1)答案：it 后加that强调句式的特殊疑问句，疑问词+is／was it +that+句子其他部分。
(2)答案：who is 改为who are．本句强调的是主语the people，谓语用复数
(3)答案：were改为was．强调句式为It is／was+被强调部分，不管被强调部分在句中是什么成分，也不管被强调部分的单复数，句式一律是it was／is+被强调部分。
(4)答案：There改为It本句为强调句，其结构为his／was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分。
(5)答案：him改为he强调句式强调的是主语，用主格。
(6)答案：where改为that．强调句式中只能用that引导句子的其他部分；如果强调的是主语，指人，可以用who引导句子其他部分。
(7)答案：which改为that同上。
(8) station后+that
(9) Is - Was
(10) at noon
练习连词
1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard.
A. but
B.if
C.when
D.as
2. ____ you are dismissed.
A. Neither you go nor
B. Either you go or
C. Whether you go or
D. Both you go and
3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.
A. because
B. now
C. so
D. since
4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.
A. because of
B. owing to
C. due to
D. that
5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.
A. they
B. but they
C. and they
D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.
A. So
B. Since that
C. Now that
D. By now.
7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.
A. since
B. for
C. because
D. so that
8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless
B. as
C. if
D. until
9. Francis did the task____ his brother.
A. as good as
B. as better as
C. as well as
D. as best as
10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
A. as
B. what
C. that
D. whom
11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.
A. yet
B. besides
C. also
D. then
12. It looks ____ it's going to rain.
A. that
B. as
C. as if
D. like that
13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
A. Because she went
B. After she went
C. When she went
D. Since she went
14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.
A. Until
B. Since
C. While
D. During
15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left.
A. after
B. before
C. since
D. when
16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.
A. But
B. Although
C. Even if
D. If
17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished.
A. so
B. until
C. and
D. when
18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.
A. and
B. yet
C. or
D. and but
19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. yet
20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did.
A. so
B. as
C. like
D. that
21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now.
A. however
B. or
C. so
D. otherwise
22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.
A. either, or
B. neither, nor
C. not, but
D. both, and
23. He ran off____ I could stop him.
A. before
B. after
C. since
D. when
24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
A. Till
B. Until
C. After
D. Since
25. Where have you been ____ you left home?
A. before
B. as
C. since
D. when
26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.
A. Until
B. Since
C. After
D. Unless
27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.
A. as
B. than
C. like
D. white
28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out.
A. besides
B. except
C. except for
D. except that
29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.
A. not .. .but...
B. either.. .or...
C. neither.. .nor...
D. whether.. .or...
30. He will come ____ you ask him.
A. whether
B. unless
C. if
D. while
31.____ he will come or not is still unknown.
A. If
B. Where
C. That
D. Whether
32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out.
A. whether
B. if
C. how
D. where
33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.
A. so
B. that
C. so that
D. in order to
34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.
A. On the one hand
B. On the contrary
C. On the other hand
D. On the other contrary
35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.
A. if
B. whether
C. otherwise
D. unless
36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.
A. so that
B. when
C. otherwise
D. therefore
37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..
A. whatever
B. however
C. wherever
D. whenever
38. You are certainly right,____ others may say.
A. what
B. whatever
C. that
D. as
39.____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who
B. What
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.
A. when
B. where
C. whoever
D. whenever
41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.
A. Wherever
B. Whenever
C. Where
D. When
42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. Once
B. At once
C. Only
D. Only then
43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
A. No matter how
B. No matter what
C. No matter when
D. No matter where
44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.
A. so far as
B. so long as
C. as soon as
D. as well as
45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.
A. as soon as
B. as long as
C. so far as
D. as well as
46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.
A. as well as
B. so long as
C. as far as
D. as soon as
47. That is not ____ I want.
A. that
B. why
C. what
D. who se
48. ___ he did it remains a secret.
A. What
B. Whom
C. Which
D. How
49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. how
50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take?
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. whose
51. I am sure ____ you said is true.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who
52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. /
53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. what
54. We shall go ____ you are ready.
A. while
B. as soon as
C. as
D. since
55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there.
A. while
B. as
C. when
D. /
56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.
A. while
B. as
C. since
D. before
57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.
A. while
B. when .
C. as soon as
D. before
58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While
B. When
C. Since
D. After
59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.
A. when
B. since
C. as
D. before
60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it.
A. for
B. when
C. if
D. whether
61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.
A. for
B. unless
C. if
D. whether
62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.
A. for
B. as
C. if
D. whether
63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.
A. when
B. if
C. for
D. unless
64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when
65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest. A. where B. when C. that D. after
66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.
A. where
B. and
C. wherever
D. so
67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.
A. If
B. Whether
C. But
D. Though
68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.
A. If
B. Whether
C. When
D. While
69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.
A. even if
B. for
C. if
D. while
70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.
A. such... that
B. as...as
C. so...that
D. so … as
练习、连词
1．(全国卷2)13. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while
B. whether
C. what
D. which
2．(北京卷)34. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. or
3．(辽宁卷)24.He was about halfway through his meal _______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why
B. where
C. when
D. while
4．(辽宁卷)34.I grew up in Africa, at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
5．(四川卷)24. Start out right away, ________ you'll miss the first train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. while
6．(天津卷)2. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. while
7．(湖南卷)23.A man cannot smile like a child, ___ a child smiles with is eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
练习连词：答案
1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDCA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC
26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC
51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC
1-7 ABCBC DD
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
高考英语连词练习 一、单项选择连词 1．Viewers continue to watch TV ______ they complain about the quality of the programming. A．even though B．as if C．as long as D．unless 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。even though尽管，即使；as if好像；as long as只要；unless除非。句意：观众继续看电视，尽管他们抱怨节目的质量。 2．— How can I wake up so early? —Set the alarm at 5 o’clock,you’ll make it. A．but B．or C．and D．so 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查情景交际和并列连词。句意：--我怎样才能醒的很早？--把闹钟定到5点，这样，你就能做到了。答语前后是并列关系，祈使句+and表示条件，相当于if条件句。or 表示相反的情况，故选C。 考点：考查情景交际和并列连词 3．_____ astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in space, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. A．Once B．Unless C．While D．Since 【答案】C 【解析】 while在此句中作为连词，表让步，意思是“虽然，尽管”。 句意： 在太空中，宇航员们虽然不能去看棒球比赛或看电影，但那里还有很多相类似的活动他们仍然是可以玩的。 考点：连词／连接词 4．We need to master this technology immediately，______ we will fall behind． A．but B．or C．so D．and 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查连词的用法，but但是;or或者，否则;so 所以，因此;and而且。根据句意，可知选B。句意：我们需要马上掌握这门技术，否则我们就要落后。 5．I missed supper_______ I’m starving! A．but B．and C．or D．for 【答案】B
高考英语语法填空专项训练——连词 1.He seldom answered questions for fear he might be wrong. 2.But nothing changed until midterm, Mary Anne ,a student teacher,was appointed to our classroom. 3.In the evening they returned and put on the table in front of the general the teeth they had bought．They had collect 175 teeth. 4.If ever she gets into any situation she might be expected to read or write , she fishes around in her bed for the spectacles case(眼镜盒), finds it’s empty . 5.It has never occurred to the children their mother can’t read . 6.While he’s away she copes with any situations by explaining that she can’t do anything she’s discussed it with her husband . 7.people like to eat is various from cultural to cultural . https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca14055693.html,pared with people in the West , Chinese people used to eat more grain ,more vegetables and less meat , is a good eating habit . 9.The clock was just striking eleven I heard a noise
v1.0 可编辑可修改 语法：连词Link words 连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。 一．并列连词：连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。 1. 并列关系：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor… I used to live in Paris and London. Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing. The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot. She is not only kind but also honest. 2. 转折关系：but, yet, while(然而), when(然而，偏偏) The car is very old but it runs very fast. The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. Why did you borrow the book when you had one 3. 选择关系：or, not…but…, either…or…, Would you like to live or would you like to stay He is not a teacher but a writer. You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 4. 因果关系：for It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn. 5. 区别 （1）and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 典型例题 ---I don’t like chicken ___ fish. ---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。 判断改错： (错) We will die without air and water. (错) We can’t live without air or water. (对) We will die without air or water. (对) We can’t live without air and water. (2) 表示选择的并列结构 1) or 意思为"否则"。 I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. (3) 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while表示对比。 Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题 --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight --- I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
高考英语连词经典习题(含答案) 一、单项选择连词 1． Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _______ the company was an established one. A．whether B．what C．until D．although 【答案】A 【解析】 2．To live in honor, he came from a poor family, was his ambition. A．though B．if C．unless D．however 【答案】A 【解析】though尽管if如果;是否unless除非however无论怎样,根据题意他的野心就是为了有尊严的活着,尽管他来自一个贫穷的家庭.故选A. 3．I’m sorry I got caught in the traffic；_________, I could have been here sooner．A．besides B．although C．anyway D．otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟条件句。I could have been here sooner是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，四个选项中只有otherwise可以充当含蓄虚拟条件，相当于if I had not got caught in the traffic.所以选D。 4．The photo brought me back to the memory of the time in Qingdao, _____ I spent my summer holiday by the seaside with my friends. A．that B．when C．which D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词是the time，在定从_____ I spent my summer holiday by the seaside with my friends.中作时间状语。所以选B。 5．_____ astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in space, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. A．Once B．Unless C．While D．Since 【答案】C 【解析】 while在此句中作为连词，表让步，意思是“虽然，尽管”。 句意： 在太空中，宇航员们虽然不能去看棒球比赛或看电影，但那里还有很多相类似的活动他们
高考英语语法复习连词讲解练习题及答案 Last revised by LE LE in 2021
语法：连词 Link words 连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。 一．并列连词：连接具有并列关 系的词、短语或句子。 1. 并列关系：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor… I used to live in Paris and London. Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing. The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot. She is not only kind but also honest. 2. 转折关系：but, yet, while(然而), when(然而，偏偏) The car is very old but it runs very fast. The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. Why did you borrow the book when you had one 3. 选择关系：or, not…but…, either…or…, Would you like to live or would you like to stay He is not a teacher but a writer. You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 4. 因果关系：for It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn. 5. 区别（1）and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。 请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有 两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 典型例题 ---I don’t like chicken ___ fish. ---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。 判断改错： (错) We will die without air and water. (错) We can’t live without air or water. (对) We will die without air or water. (对) We can’t live without air and water. (2) 表示选择的并列结构 1) or 意思为"否则"。 I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. (3) 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while表示对比。 Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题 --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight --- I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
高考连词经典练习题题库 一、单项选择连词 1．You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it. A．even if B．as long as C．as if D．ever since 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查引导状语从句的连词辨析。句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even though即使，虽然;B. as long as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。前后句是条件关系，故选B。 2．The newly-married couple quarreled so much that they reached the point _______ they had to separate from each other. A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】B 【解析】定语从句考查题。先行词是the point为抽象的地点，关系词where在从句中做状语。句意为“这对新夫妇吵得如此厉害以至于到了不得不分手的地步” 选B 3．I’m sorry I got caught in the traffic；_________, I could have been here sooner．A．besides B．although C．anyway D．otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟条件句。I could have been here sooner是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，四个选项中只有otherwise可以充当含蓄虚拟条件，相当于if I had not got caught in the traffic.所以选D。 4．Things don’t always go as planned, ________ I still stay positive. A．or B．as C．but D．for 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查并列连词。句意：事情并不总是按着计划进行，但是我仍然保持积极。故选C。 考点：考查并列连词 5．______ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your li fe won’t be secured. A．Unless B．If C．Once D．When 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词辨析。A. Unless除非；B. If如果；C. Once一旦；D. When当……时候。句
高考英语13个语法考点英语语法归纳总结 高中英语离不开语法的学习，无论是英语口语还是英语写作，联系各个词汇之间的就是英语语法。下文小编给大家整理了高考必考的13个英语语法考点，供参考！ ? ?高考英语必考的13个语法考点1、as 句型 ?(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” ?例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.?正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 ?(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; ?否定式：not as/so --- as ?例：He is as good a player as his sister. ?他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 ?(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… ?例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. ?她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 ?(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… ?例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. ?他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 ?(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) ?例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. ?他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 ?(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
高考英语语法填空连词考点及练习 一、知识点 考点解密 在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词，都是两小题，占语法填空的五分之一，是考查的一个重要项目，具体考点有以下4大点： 考点1：并列连词 注： (1)when作并列连词，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。 (2)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and/or后的句子表示结果。 考点2：引导状语从句的连词
考点3：引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有： (1)连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。 (2)连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。 (3)连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。其中what除有“什么”“多么”外，还有“所……的”之意，相当于the thing(s) that…。 (4)连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。 (5)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管……”。 考点4：引导定语从句的关系词 定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表：
高考连词练习题及答案 一、单项选择连词 1．Owen wouldn’t eat anything ________ he cooked it himself. A．until B．since C．unless D．while 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：欧文不吃任何东西，除非这种东西是他自己亲自烹饪的。unless“除非”，符合语境。 2．To live in honor, he came from a poor family, was his ambition. A．though B．if C．unless D．however 【答案】A 【解析】though尽管if如果;是否unless除非however无论怎样,根据题意他的野心就是为了有尊严的活着,尽管他来自一个贫穷的家庭.故选A. 3．How long do you think it will be ________ the computer company brings out a new product? A．until B．when C．before D．that 【答案】C 【解析】分析句子，可知这是一个时间状语从句。根据句意，可知选C。 句意： 你认为在电脑公司发布一种新的产品之前，还需要经过多长的时间呢？ 考点：连词／连接词 4．We need to master this technology immediately，______ we will fall behind． A．but B．or C．so D．and 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查连词的用法，but但是;or或者，否则;so 所以，因此;and而且。根据句意，可知选B。句意：我们需要马上掌握这门技术，否则我们就要落后。 5．______ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your life won’t be secured. A．Unless B．If C．Once D．When 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词辨析。A. Unless除非；B. If如果；C. Once一旦；D. When当……时候。句意：除非你完全理解实验的指导，否则你的生命将无法得到保障。表达的是“除非”的意思，故选A。 6．________ being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
作文常用连接词和短语 （一）连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。 （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等等 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。 （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what，s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all 等。 （二）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间： at first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点
近五年高考英语语法填空从句总结 从句一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 高考中从句知识点考查最多的是定语从句。我们将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的从句进行总结，希望可以为英语老师们帮助学生解答这一类题型提供助力。 2019年 全国 I 卷 across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 全国 II 卷 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles 全国 III 卷 for these animals. 浙江卷 2018年 全国 I 卷
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 全国 II 卷 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 全国 III 卷 suddenly appears out of nowhere. 浙江卷 once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 2017年 全国 I 卷 health. 全国 III 卷 that she has brains as well as beauty. 浙江卷
语法：连词 Link words 连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。 一．并列连词：连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。 1. 并列关系：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor… I used to live in Paris and London. Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing. The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot. She is not only kind but also honest. 2. 转折关系：but, yet, while(然而), when(然而，偏偏) The car is very old but it runs very fast. The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. Why did you borrow the book when you had one? 3. 选择关系：or, not…but…, either…or…, Would you like to live or would you like to stay? He is not a teacher but a writer. You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 4. 因果关系：for It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn. 5. 区别 （1）and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon.
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)