人教版八年级英语下册知识点汇总
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. have a fever 发烧
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. have a cold 受凉 ; 感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼
8. have a sore back 背
疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片14. take one’ s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’s surprise 使 ....... 惊讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于 29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻;马上 33. because
of 由于
34. get out of 离开 ; 从……出来 35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼
吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习
惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完 ; 用尽 46. so that 以便 47. so. . . that 如此……以致于… 48. be in control of 掌管 ; 管理49. in a difficult situation 在困境屮
keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 51. make a decision 做出决定 52. take risks 冒险 53. give up 放弃
二、重点句型
1. What’s the matter?
What’s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’
s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢?
Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗?
主语 + should/shouldn’t + 动词原形 . .. ① You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。② You shouldn’t go out at night. 你
晚上不应该出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the
hospital
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经… ;过去 _
5. care for 关心 ; 照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在 ...... 岁时
8.clean up 打扫 (或清除 ) 干净 9. cheer up (使 ) 变得更高兴 ; 振奋10. give out 分发 ; 散发
11. come up with 想出;提出 12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用 ; 试行
15. work for 为…工作;为… . 效力 16. put up 建造 ; 举起 ; 张贴 17. hand out 分发 ; 散发 ; 发给 18. call up 打电话 ; 召集 19. put off 推迟 ; 延迟
20. for example 比如;例如 21. raise money 筹钱 ; 募捐 22. take
after 与 ...... 相像 ; 像 23. give away 赠送 ; 捐赠 24. fix up 修
理 ; 修补 ; 解决 25. be similar to 与……相似 26. set up 建立 ; 设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响 ; 有作用 29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午,他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer
after-school reading program. 去年, 她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5. . . . you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.
……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
在你的帮助下,我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一重点短语
go out for dinner 出去吃饭 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 go to the movies 去看电影 get a ride 搭车 work on 从事
clean and tidy 干净整洁 do the dishes 洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺 clean the living room 打扫客厅 no problem 没问题 welcome sb. 欢迎某人
come home from school/ work放学 /下班回家 throw down 扔下 sit down 坐下
come over 过来take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 all the time 一直 ; 总是 all day/evening 整曰 /夜do housework 做家务 shout back 大声回应 walk away 走开
share the housework 分担家务 a comfortable home 一个舒适的家 in surprise 惊讶地
get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 watch one show 观看一个节目
hang out 闲逛
pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 do chores 做杂务
buy some snacks买些小吃 go to the store去商店invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 enough stress足够的压力 a waste of time浪费时间
in order to为了get good grades取得好成绩 mind doing sth. 介意做某
事 depend on依赖 ; 依靠develop children’s independence 发展孩子的独立性
look after/take care of 照顾;照看do one’ s part in (doing ) sth.做
某人分内的事 50. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 51. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
53.help sb. (to ) do /with sth.帮助某人干某事
二、重点句型
1. Could you please…..do sth. ? Could you please clean your room? 你能整理一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ?
Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
She won’
t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话, 她会不高兴的。 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .
我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。 7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth. I hate to do chores.
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 /打架
6. until midnight直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多10. get enough sleep有足够
的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某
人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事
17. work out成功地发展 ; 解决
18. get on with 与 ... 睦相处;关系良好 19. fight a lot 经常吵架 /打
架 20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事23. so that以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直 26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己
31. family members 家庭成员 32. spend time alone独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one’ s opinion提出某
人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除
二、重点句型
1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep.
我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don 't you forget about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although she ‘s wrong , it's not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不
是什么大事儿。 4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don ’t want to surprise him.
我想我可以 . 但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一、重点短语
1. make sure 确信 ; 确认
2. beat against... 拍打……
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break.. . apart 使……分离8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时
候 9. at the time of 当 ....... 时候 10. go off (闹钟 ) 发出响声
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话
14. bring... together 使……靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边
18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 走路经过
20. make one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息
22. important events in history 历史上的重大事件
23. for example 例如 24. be killed 被杀害
25. over 50 50多 (岁) 26. a school pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播 28. in silence 沉默 ; 无声29. more recently 最近地 ; 新近
30. the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31. take down 拆除 ; 摧毁
32. have meaning to 对……有意义 33. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34., at first 首先 ; 最初
二、重点句型
1. — What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚 8 点你在干什么? — I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么? — While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping
Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮助玛丽做作业。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
一、重点短语
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ...... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time = long long ago 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 试图做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅 8. tell a story/ stories 讲故事
9. put on 穿上 10. a little bit silly有点蠢 11. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
12. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn .. . into 变成 15. get married 结婚 16. be able to do sth. 能做;会做
17. the main character 主要人物；主人公
18. at other times 在另外一些时候 19. a fairy tale 一个神话故事
20. come out (书、电影等)出版 21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去
22. become interested in (doing) sth. 对(做)……感兴趣 23. get lost 迷路
24. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 25. the next day 第二天
26. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
27. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 28. go to sleep 去睡觉
23. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 30. change one’s plan 改变计划31. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 32. in the moonlight 在月光下
33. find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35. remind 的用法 1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起...
E.g. This book reminds me of my childhood. 这本书让我想起了我的童年。
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事 e.g. My mother always reminds me to come back early.我妈妈总是提醒我早点回家。
二、重点句型
1. What do you think about/of.. . ?你觉得......怎么样？
So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？
2. It does’t seem adj . to do sth ..
I t does’t seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because...
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
一、重点短语
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
3. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...... 的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上 9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中 11. run along 跨越… …
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气 13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties面临危险16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想 18. even though 虽然;尽管
19. the forces of nature 自然界的力量 20. reach the top 到达顶峰
21. at birth 在出生的时候 22. be awake 醒着 23. fall over 摔倒
24. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去25. walk into sb. 撞到某人
26. take care of 照顾;照料 27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木 29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas大熊猫越来越少31. be in danger处于危险中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
二、重点句型
1. It is +adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。
2. . . . is because...
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
4. How high/ deep/. . . is ... ?
How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗玛峰有多高？
Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花1 2个多小时的时间吃大约
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
一、重点短语
1. on page 25 在第25页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
4. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容 8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 11. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
12. grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
13. the m arks of another m an’ s feet另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后 15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use... to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报 19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数 23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习 25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 开始意识到 27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America美国的南部地区 29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此 31. trust one another 互相信任32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美 33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受…的成功 39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
二、重点句型
1. Have you. . . yet?
— Have you read little Women yet?你读过《小妇人》吗？
— Yes，I have. /No , I haven’ t.是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。
2. Has... yet?
— Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗？
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t’s fantastic.是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like ... ?
Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗？
4. I heard...
I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。
5. . . . came to realize how much...
She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
知识点
一、词性变化
nation（n）国家→ national(adj.)国家的
amusement(n.)娱乐，游戏→ amuse(v.)娱乐，消遣
invention (n.)发明→ inventor(n.)发明家→invent(v.)发明courage (n.)勇气→encourage(v.)鼓励→encouragement鼓励，支持believable (adj.) 可相信的→ unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
→believe（v.）相信→ belief(n.)相信，信任
social(adj.)社会的→ society(n.) 社会
perform（v.）→ performance(n.)表演→performer(n.)表演者
collect（v.）收集→collection收藏→ collector(n.)收藏家enjoyable(adj.)愉快的，快乐的→ enjoy(v.)享受，欣赏，喜欢
二、重点短语
1. at night在夜晚
2. natural environment自然的环境
3. all year round一年到头;终年
4. be far from 离……远
5. in the dark 在黑暗中
6. in the past 在过去
7. have been to sp. 去过某地 8.science museum 科学博物馆
9. history museum 历史博物馆 10.amusement park 游乐园
11.go somewhere different去不同的地方 12.go skating 去滑冰13.take the subway 坐地铁 14.a great way to do sth干某事好方法
15. all the old movie cameras所有的古老的电影摄影机
16. learn about sth.解有关…的情况 17.on the weekend 在周末
18. camp in the mountains 在大山里露营 19.put up a tent搭帐篷
20. in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式 take a ride兜风
21.different kinds of各种各样的 22. social groups 社会团体
23.development of toilets 厕所的发展 24. thousands of 数以千计的
25.the tea art performances茶艺表演 26. tea sets 茶具
27.make a perfect cup of tea沏一杯完美的茶 lead to 导致，引起
28.a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方
29.International Museum of Toilets国际厕所博物馆
30.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑 31.Southeast Asia东南亚
32.Night Safari 夜间动物园 33.three quarters 四分之三
34. an English-speaking country一个讲英语的国家
35. have problem doing sth. 做某事很困难 a couple of 几个
36.During/in the daytime在白天 37.a couple of times 好几次
38. right now 现在;目前 hear of 听说 39. Whether…or...不管...还是
40. an amusement park with a special theme一个有特别主题的游乐园
41.walk around the park 在公园里到处走 42.the Bird’s Nest鸟巢
43. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 water park水上公园
44. on the one hand... on the other hand.一方面，另一方面
45.make(great) progress (in sth/doing sth )在某方面取得（很大）进步
46.fear doing/to do sth 害怕干某事 close to 接近，靠近
47. be excellent in sth/doing sth 在….方面极好
48. have a great/good/wonderful time玩的高兴= have fun=enjoy oneself
49. have a great/good/wonderful time doing sth = have fun doing sth
做某事很开心
三、重点句型
1. Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？
2. Let’s go somewhere different today.我们今天去个不同的地方吧。
3. It’s unbelievable that technology h as progressed in such a rapid way!
科技以如此迅猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊！
四、语法知识
1. Me neither. 是口语化的简单否定回答（肯定回答为Me, too.）一般情况
下用“Neither + 助动词/be动词/情态动词+（另一）主语”表示后者与前者
否定意义的情形相同。其中“助动词/be动词/情态动词”在时态上与前一句保
持一致，而在数上要与其后的主语一致。
如：He can’t swim.他不会游泳 Me neither./Neither can I 我也不会。
2.英语中分数表达法为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分
母要加“s”如: four sixths 六分之四 one third三分之一
（注意：分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与其后的名词的数保持一致。）
3. have/has been to+ 地方“表示曾经去过某地”（现在已经回来了）
have/has gone to+ 地方“表示已经去了某地”
（注意:have/has been/gone to 若后地点副词(home, there, here等)，则不用to）如: He have gone home.他回家了。
have/has been in /at+ 地方在某地待了多久
4.现在完成时用法口诀
学习现在完成时，谓语结构要牢记: “have/has + 过去分词”。
主要用途有两个：过去动作对现在的影响或结果，yet, already常+ 地方用着；过去动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for和since把时间带。
Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.
知识点
一、词性转化
memory (n.) → memorize(v.) 记忆
true (adj.)正确的→truth(n.)真实→ truthful（adj.）真是的
appear(v.)出现→ appearance(n.)出现→disappear(v.)消失
二、重点短语
these days 目前;现在 = nowadays = at present
regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
in order to 为了 so far 迄今;到目前为止
in need 需要 not.. any more = no more 不再
welcome to sp_ 欢迎来到 check out 察看;观察
board games 棋类游戏 one last thing 最后一样东西junior high school 初级中学 clear out 清理
no longer 不再;不复 = not …any longer
toy monkey 玩具猴 part with 与……分开
to be honest 说实在的 . ride a bike 骑自行车
have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会 give away 捐赠
one’s old things 某人的旧东西 close to几乎，接近bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
play for a while 玩一会儿 do with... 处置;处理
search for work 找工作 = look for work
for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
stay the same 保持原状 according to 依据;按照
in one’s opinion 依…看 in my time 在我那个年代
for a while = some time 一段时间
21. across from = opposite 在…对面
22.bring back 带回，使回忆起 grow up 长大
23. seem to do sth 似乎做某事 regard…as把…看成是
24.It’s shame to do sth/that + 从句做……遗憾
25. there is no need for sth/to do sth 没有必要做某事
26. be in need of 需要…. lose one’s memory失去记忆
三、重点句型
1. How long have you had that bike over there? 那儿那辆自行车你买了多久了？
2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? He’s owned
it since his fourth birthday.他的儿子拥有轨道火车玩具多久了？他从四岁生日时就拥有它了。
3. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我们已经决定每人出售五件不再使用的物品。
四、语法重点
1.常见的以How开头的特殊疑问词组
How long 用来提问多长时间，回答用for或since引导的时间状语
How often提问的是频率，意为“多久一次”
How soon 表示“多久以后，多久才”用“in + 一段时间”来回答。
How much可用于提问商品的价格、付款的多少
How much/How many表示“（数量）多少（how much与不可数名词连用，how many 与可数名词连用）
How far 表示“（路程或距离）多远”用表示距离的词和短语回答
2. 现在完成时
现在完成时态在我们的语言运用过程中，常会发现句中带有以下四类标志性的
副词或副词短语，我们把它称为现在完成时态的标志。
①.never，ever，just，yet，before，already ,ever since then；
②.some/many times，once，twice，基数词+Times；
③.so far，recently，lately，these days/weeks/months/years，
(in) the last /past few days/months/years；
④.for+时间段，since+时间点，how long ，since +从句（过去时）；
3. 当句中有for+时间段，since+时间点，how long 时，要求：have/has +
过去分词（动词必须是延续性动词），瞬间动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些瞬间动词。非延续
性动词和延续性动词的转换如下：
人教版八年级上册知识点汇总与习题 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 短语归纳 go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴of course当然in the past在过去 feel like给……的感觉；感受go shopping去购物walk around四处走走because of因为one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天drink tea喝茶find out找出；查明 go on继续take photos照相something important重要的事up and down上上下下 come up出来buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于…… tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 语法讲解 1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。 4. something interesting有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。 somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 thanks to多亏于；由于14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31.be in control of 掌管；管理32.give up 放弃
英语知识点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way ? 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without th inking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此……以至于…48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a d iffic u lt situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃 二、重点句型 1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了 2. W hat should she do?她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or abook? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long withoutmoving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经……；过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发11. come up w ith 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计
八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.doczj.com/doc/cc4506120.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出
2014年春新人教版八年级下册英语全册短语Unit 1 What’s the m atter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without th inking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Feelings and impressions Unit 1 1. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味（可数名词） _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us. (wh at / How) _____ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 ----Would you like to stay here with us? ---- Yes, I’d like / love to. 4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课 5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕（表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点后接/形容词/副词形容词/副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词： There is a bit of water in the bottle. 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了，完成了done: adj. 做好了的，完成了 10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你 Thank you for your help. Thank you for sending me photos. 2. message: 口信、信息（可数名词） take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及/ 迫不及待做某事 I can’t wait to open the present. 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词+ 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2) quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词+ 名词 a very nice boy 2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。 He likes English very much. 6. sound like: 听起来（像） The music sounds very beautiful. 7. 1) sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.:某人花费时间/钱做某事 Don’t spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间/ 钱在某事/某物上 I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies. 8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人/ 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. We’re proud of our country. 9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事/ 做某事 I’m good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming. 10. How do you feel about… ？ = What do you think of …？ = How do you like… ？ How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film? 11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how soon --- How soon will you leave Beijing? --- I’ll come back in three days.
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
人教版最新八年级英语下册知识点全 总结!Unit1 what' s the matter? 1. It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。 It’s important to do sth.做某事很重要。 It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’s easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。 It’s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。 2.情态动词should的用法 should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。 should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。 eg. ---I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。 ---You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。 3. maybe与may be （1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 （2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如： He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。 4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全 Unit 1 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctor to one’s surprise agree to (do sth.)get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.）give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What’s the matter (w ith you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有： What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble? matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesn’t matter. 【例题】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”. have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下 4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。 5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didn’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。 6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。 （名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.
初二英语知识点归纳八年级英语知识点汇总 升入初二，英语越来越难了，想要学好英语，就要常对所学过的英语知识点进行归纳，下面就来给大家分享初二英语知识点归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。 (一) 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do
Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
初二英语知识点总结： （一） 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法：
八年级英语下册知识点第1页共17 页 新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳 Unit 1 What ’s the matter? 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one ’s temperature have a f ever go to a doctor to one ’s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.） give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What ’s the matter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What ’s wrong with you?/ What ’s the trouble?matter 作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter? It doesn ’t matter.【例题】Does it ________ if we can ’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”．have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下4.That ’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably 意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn ’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语） 【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 expect 的常见用法:expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his d aughter ’ｓ visit. expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? 单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie 说谎lied lied lying lie 躺，平放 lay lain lying
初二英语知识点总结
初二英语知识点总结： （一） 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句
八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结 Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳: 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的thanks to多亏于；由于14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑16.have a heart problem患有心脏病17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情19.fall down 摔倒20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来; 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定31.be in control of 掌管；管理32.give up 放弃; 用法归纳 1.need to do sth .需要去做某事; 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 5.agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
初二（下）英语知识点总结 I.重点短语 1. on time 2. out of 3. all by oneself 4. lots of 5. no longer 6. get back 7. sooner or later 8. run away 9. eat up 10. take care of 11. turn off 12. turn on 13. after a while 14. make faces 15. teach oneself 16. fall off 17. play the piano 18. knock at 19. to one's surprise 20. look up 21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself 23. tell a story / stories 24. leave....behind …… 25. come along 26. hold a sports meeting 27. be neck and neck 28. as ... as 29. not so / as ... as 30. do one's best 31. take part in 32. a moment late 33. Bad luck! 34. fall behind 35. high jump 36. long jump 37. relay race 38. well done! 39. take off
40. as usual 41. a pair of 42. at once 43. hurry off 44. come to oneself 45. after a while 46. knock on 47. take care of 48. at the moment 49. set off 50. here and there 51. on watch 52. look out 53. take one’s place II. 重要句型 1. We’d better not do sth. 2. leave one. oneself 3. find one’s way to a place 4. stand on one’s head 5. make sb. Happy 6. catch up with sb. 7. pass on sth. to somebody 8. spend time doing sth. 9. go on doing sth. 10. get on well with sb. 11. be angry with sb. 12. be fed up with sth. 13. not…until… 14. make room for sb. III. 交际用语 1. We’re all by ourselves. 2. I fell a little afraid. 3. Don’t be afraid. 4. Help! 5. Can’t you hear anything? 6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there. 7. Maybe it’s a tiger. 8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food. 9. Did she learn all by herself? 10. Could she swim when she was …years old? 11. She didn’t hurt herself. 12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things. 13. Did he enjoy himself? 14. Help yourselves.